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Integrating Underground Freight Transportation (UFT) Into
Existing Intermodal Systems
A 5th Mode of Freight Transportation System
Dr. Mohammad Najafi, P.E., F. ASCEDirector
Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE)
The University of Texas at ArlingtonA Presentation to the North Central Texas Council of
Government April 12, 2016
Presentation Outline• CUIRE• TxDOT Project• Current and Future Freight Transportation in
Texas• Current and Future Freight Transportation in
DFW Metroplex• Comparison of Different Solutions• Vision for Future
• Dr. Mohammad Najafi (PI)• Dr. Sia Ardekani (Co-PI)• Dr. Mohsen Shahandashti (Co-PI)
Students
Principal Investigators
Taha AshooriSaeed JanbazNiloofar RezaeiFatemeh RezaeifarMohammadreza Malek
Sirwan ShahooeiAmir TabeshRazieh TavakoliSeyed Ehsan ZahedzahedaniSeyed Sadegh Korky
RESEARCH CONSORTIUMHOW CAN A UNIVERSITY RESEARCH TEAM FIT IN?
Advanced Research Applied Research Applied EngineeringAdvanced Engineering
Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE)
Background and SignificanceDr. Najafi, I just saw in the MavWire where you have received a $1.2 million grant that will improve traffic safety. First I want to say congratulations on the award, and thank you for taking the time to research safer traffic patterns for our communities. Well done!!!
Jay Tillerson, Assistant Chief The University of Texas at Arlington Police Department 700 S. Davis Arl ington, TX 76013 (817) 272-3903 jti l [email protected]
Overall Project Objectives•Phase One:
–Exploring the use of Underground Freight Transportation (UFT) and integrating it into existing intermodal systems.
•Phase Two: –Design a small scale lab.
•Phase Three: –Implement a pilot project.
Project Approach
Task 6: Stakeholders Committee
Task 5: Financing Means
Task 4: Environmental Impact Analysis
Task 3: Cost Analysis
Task 2: Construction Methods
Task 1: Planning and Design
Project Schedule/DeliverablesPhase One
TasksFY 2015 FY 2016
Apr May June
July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May TM R1
PSR1
Planning and Design
33/31/16
2 Determine
Construction Methods
5/31/16
3Cost Analysis 5/31/16
4 Environmental
Impact Analysis
4 3/31/16
5Determine
Financing Means
2 12/31/1
56
Organize Stakeholder Committee
1 8/31/15
Project Meetings X X X
Freight Transportation Growth
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2015
Freight Transportation Growth
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2015
Freight Transportation Growth
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2015
53.726.6
134.5
31.5
020406080
100120140160180200
Truck Railroad
Volu
me
(Mill
ion
Tons
)
2003 2030
NAFTA Growth
Source: Texas NAFTA Study Update by TxDOT
• 251% Increase for Truck• 118% Increase for Railroad
Panama Canal Expansion
Source: Freight Movement in Texas by TxDOT
DFW Population Growth Rate
-
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Popu
latio
n Dallas
Fort Worth
DFW Metroplex
Source: http://www.nctcog.org/trans/sustdev/landuse/funding/plan/sdcia/demotrends_dfw.pdf
2007 Dallas-Fort Worth Congestion
Source: Dallas-Fort Worth Region Freight Study by TxDOTV/C: No. of Vehicle to Capacity
2030 Dallas-Fort Worth Congestion
Source: Dallas-Fort Worth Region Freight Study by TxDOTV/C: No. of Vehicle to Capacity
High Congested Routes in DFW
Route From To Length (mile)
AADTT (2013)
AADTT (2033)
IH-20 US-377 US-175 52 15,769 22,114
IH-30 IH-35W IH-635 42 11,458 16,040
IH-35E IH-20 US-380 50 12,198 17,078
IH-35W IH-20 US-380 45 10,501 14,701
IH-635 SH-121 IH-20 38 17,655 24,716
US-75 IH-30 US-380 32 13,635 19,088AADTT: Average Annual Daily Truck Traffic
Source: Derived from Statewide Planning Maphttp://www.txdot.gov/apps/statewide_mapping/StatewidePlanningMap.html
Truck Traffic Growth in DFW Metroplex
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
IH-20 IH-30 IH-35E IH-35W IH-635 US-75
AADT
T
2013
2033
• 40% Growth in All Routes for Next 20 Years
Nine Commodity Types of Freight in DFW Metroplex
• Agriculture• Raw Materials• Food• Textiles• Wood• Chemicals/Petroleum• Building Materials• Machinery• Secondary
Freight Growth in DFW
-
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1995 2005 2015 2025 2035
Volu
me
(Mill
ion
tons
)
Year
Building Material
Food
Wood
Secondary
Chemical/ Petroleum
Machinery
Raw Material
Textiles
Agriculture
Solutions
1. Upgrade Roadway Capacity by Adding Lane
2. Building New Roads
3. Using Underground Freight Transportation
System
What is UFT?• Automated Technology to Carry Individual
Freight Capsules Through Underground Pipelines With Minimum Impact on The Surface.
• Can be Built on Available Right-of-Way (ROW).
Tunneling Method
Tunneling Method
System Layout
Source: Dr. Henry Liu
UFT Sizes
Shipping Container SizeCrate Size
Pallet Size
Linear Induction Motors
Linear Induction Motors
UFT Terminal Design
Handler for Container Yard
Construction Considerations
• Tunneling and open-cut is possible based on space limitations
Source: Google Earth
Shaft location Considerations
Source: Google Earth
Right-of-Way Availability
Source: Google Earth
Construction Cost (Tunneling)
13 ft-diameter Tunnel for Pallet
Size UFT
17.4 ft-Diameter Tunnel for Crate
Size UFT
25 ft-diameter Tunnel for Container
Size UFT
$3,976/ft $5,685/ft $8,827/ft
$20,993,280/mile $30,016,800/mile $46,606,560/mile
Cost of Tunneling Construction for 50-mile Container Size UFT:
50 miles X $46,606,560 per mile =
$2,330,328,000
Cost for a 50-mile UFTItem Capital Cost Annual Operation CostTunnel Construction $2,330,328,000 N/A
Maintenance of Tunnel N/A 1% x $2,330,328,000= $23,303,280
Freight Cars $135,000,000 N/A
LIM $24,727,800 N/A
LIM Electricity Consumption N/A $22,434,360
Terminal Land $11,000,000 N/A
Terminal Slab $11,000,000 N/A
Terminal Office $140,000 N/A
Handlers $17,600,000 N/A
Track $100,000,000 N/A
Personnel and Operators N/A $9,600,000
Total $ 2,629,795,800 $55,337,640
Cost of Highway ConstructionHighway Project Length
(miles)Total
Cost ($) Cost/Mile
LBJ Express 16 $3.1B $194 M
North Tarrant Express 13 $2.5B $192 M
I-35W 8 $1.4B $175 M
DFW Connector 8 $1B $125 M
Chisholm Trail Parkway 28 $1.4B $50 M
Cost ComparisonAlternative Options Cost per mile Cost for 50 miles
Highway $147 M/mile $7.4 B/50 mile
UFT $54 M/mile $2.7 B/50 mile
• Cost of UFT Construction is approximately 3 times less than Cost of Highway Construction.
• Adding Lane and Building New Highway is not Feasible in Urban Areas!
Social & Environmental BenefitsSocial/Environmental Benefits UFT Building Highway
Air Pollution Reduction Yes NoNoise Pollution Reduction Yes NoWater Pollution Reduction Yes NoTraffic Congestion Reduction Yes Maybe
Accident Rate Reduction Yes Maybe
Infrastructure Maintenance Cost Reduction Yes NoImproved Performance Yes Maybe
Increased Safety and Security Yes NoLand Usage Reduction Yes NoPetroleum Consumption Reduction Yes NoIncreased Efficiency Yes Maybe
UFT BenefitsItem Benefits
($/ton-mile)Air Pollution Reduction $0.0177Noise Pollution Reduction $0.00028Water Pollution Reduction $0.000047Traffic Congestion Reduction $0.0022Infrastructure Damage Cost Reduction $0.000514Accident Cost Reduction $0.0029Electricity Tax Revenue $0.0005Total Value of Positive Impacts $0.024141
Annual Operational Social/Environmental Benefits
Net Impact = 0.024141 ($/ton-mile)Distance = 50 milesAnnual Workdays = 365 DaysDaily Number of Capsules = 5,000 Ea. (Both Directions)Weight of Each Capsules = 40 tons
Annual Benefit of UFT Would be:50 mile X 365 days X 5,000 Ea/dayX 40 ton X 0.024141($/ton-
mile) =
$88,114,650 per year
Cost Comparison of UFT and Truck Transportation
• Average Annual Operation and Maintenance Cost of UFT for 50 miles Route is approximately:
$55,500,000
• Average Operation and Maintenance Cost of UFT for 50 miles:
$30/Container
• Average Cost of Freight Transportation by Truck for 50-mile:
$100
Conclusions• UFT is:• Cost effective • Safe• Reliable• Secure• Social and Environmentally friendly• An intermodal solution for future freight transportation
needs!• Advancement in tunneling and LIM technologies make is
possible• Ready for Implementation!
Upcoming Freight ConferenceInternational Symposium on Underground
Freight Transportation
Monday and Tuesday, August 22-23, 2016The University of Texas at Arlington
www.uta.edu/ce/isuft
Thanks for the Opportunity!
Dr. Mohammad (Mo) Najafi, P.E., F. ASCEDirector
Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE),
The University of Texas at ArlingtonPhone: 817-272-0507 Email: [email protected]