Upload
others
View
7
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
~The ~autical LLRC P Institute M __ C_
INTEGRATING SHIP BRIDGE SYSTEMS
A PRACTICAL GUIDE VOLUME 1
RADAR AND AIS by
Dr Andy Norris
133309
Fourth 1I1IIIIII
in the series of MaritiIne .t!!> Futures
Cover illustration; courtesy Kelvin Hughes Ltd
2
CONTENTS
page
Foreword to the sel;es ............................................. ................... ... iii
Preface ...... ... ...... .......................................... .... ..... ... ....... ............. VI
Ackn owleclgemellls ..................... ....... .. ........ ....... .... .................. Vlll
Chapter page
1 Radar basics ...... .. ...... ... .... .. ..... .. ................................ 1
2 AlS basics .................................................................. Cl 7
:I Use of radar and AlS .............................................. 55
4 Practical considerations of using AlS
with radar ...................................................... " ....... ... 9:;
Appendices page
A The radar equation ................ .............. ................ 113
B International function tllessages ............ .. ........ 115
C AlS vessel types and cargoes .............................. 1 1 7
D IMO display sytllbols ........................................... 1 19
E Parallel indexing - an essential tool ............... 135
F Fatlliliarization training fratllework ....... .. ....... 139
Index ...................... ...... ......... .. ................................................. 141
INTEGRATING BRIDGE SYSTEMS ix
INDEX
A
activat~d targets .. ........... ...... Y9
AFC .......... .... ... ........ ........... ... ..... .......... 21
MS I ....... .
2 ....... .
............ ...... .43, 4.1, 84
.. 38
.. 38
<lid'i-to-navigalion (ATS AtoNs) ... .. :n, 81
SAKI .................... . .. . . ........ BI
stalions .
[argd limi ts
ves.<;d (ypes
alarms
:liens ".
an<l ]oguc
allc hor watcll ..... .. .
. .... 37
........ 67
........ 117
.. 72. 107
. ... 107
............. 7
..... '6 ante llll a .. . .................. :1
gam .............. ......... ..... 9, 10
antenna gain ......... ................ . . . ..... 113
ARCS ~Adminllty Rastcr Chart
Serv ice) ..... .
ARI'!\ ;Au lom atic Ra<lar I']oning
Aid) .................. .... 64, 70, 71
association .. ............... .... 74 , 103, 101
ATAs ....
(Auwmauc Trat'king Aids;
aUTo matic
B
association.
cllltter controls .... ............ ..... .
rr~(lut'nf"'Y control CAFe) ...
Radar Plouing Aids (ARPA,,!
backup
. ..... 64
.. ....... 25
. .... 104
...... '21
.... 2 1, 53
........... 20
..... 107 hf';'Iring scale.... . ....... 1)9, 106
LJillal)' messages. ... . .. ...... .. .. .49, (H
bridge procedures ........ ........ ..... 56, 76, 139
built-in inLt'Krity tcst~ (BlIT). . ..... .43
c ( ;( ~RP (Consi sl(~ 1l1 ( ~omrnon
Rt'iercncc Poim) ... .................. . :3,') , ~q, 60
chart. radar ................ 35, Vd, 110
Class FL. ........ . . ....... :-)0, S I: 76, 77 , 99
de,H'i IIg bea rinbrs ... . ............... 1 ~15
dutte-I .. l~ , 19, 28, 58,7:1
coaxial cable ..... ........... .............. . 3
coht'rem raclar .... ........... ..... 2H , 29, 33
co llisioll avoidance ....... .47, 5,'), '57, 70, 39,
.............................. 97. 100, 101
eOtREes (Collisioll
Regulations) ....... 70,7:1, 7B, 05, 104, III
compass. . ....... ho, 103 .. 135
GPS
g)TO
magnetic
. ... 24
........ 24. :11 , !12, 101
..... ........ ........ . 2·1, 'l4, 102
transmitting ...... . ............... ..... :B, 102
compressioll ;Slg1WD .... ...... .............. 7, 17
Coordinale,1 ' .1 n ive rsa l TjUH~
(UTC) .. .
correlation
( .~{)ursc-Up ..
.. . ......... 39, 1:1, 47,52,89
........ ...... 2:1, 28,31, 58
................... :.:! :~, 24, 99
CPA ~ ( ; Iosest Poin l of
Appn'ach) ..... . .. 27 , 64, G7. 72
alarm .......... ......... .............. 10H
ePA/TePA ...... ............ .... 72, 108
CSTD1vLA.. (Can-ie1' Sense TD!vJi\; . ... 50
(:Il r r en t ... ·c('tors ..
cursor
D
dala
errol'S ..
dMa errors.
. ..... ............... 97
.......... 60, 63, 9Y, 1:l6
.. 92
.... 76,77
dt>cibels .............. ....... ................ . . . ... s dtLt'ction range ............ ............. ............. 12
Diff control .... 20
dilTeremial (~ I\SS.... . ........ 34t 38. '17
INTEGRATING BRIDGE SYSTEMS 141
, •
,.
~ I
display rree~e ........................ ...... .. ....... . 110
Doppler ............ . .............................. 29
log.. . ......................... ... ........... 34
Doppler log ...................................... 2.>. 72
DSC ... . ............. ..41 , 42, 92, 97
dYllamic data ......... .45, 4 7, 48, 76, 77, 103
E
ECllIS
ECS ....
electronic
.7,38,52,63,96,98,100,
........ 107, 138
. ................. 96, 99,100
bearing line (EBL) ............................... (iO
chart ...................... . .23,24, :l3, G2, 99
Display :'tnd Information System (ECDIS) ........................................... 7
syslt'm. . ............................... 96, 98
positioll IIxillg dt'vic(' {EPFO).
range/hearil lg lilll'" (ERBl.)
.. .... .+7
.61
eLm'all . . ........................................ 112
L.'lCs ............... .. .. ....... ()3
ETA. .. ............. 37, 85, 86, 92
F
/ii ilul'c
of course ftnd speed over ground illfiJnnauoll ................ ....................... 1 OB
of heading information ..................... lOH
of position input information ........... 108
of speed through the water
information
['lllback
false targC:l
................ 108
........................... 107
G
gam
control ..... .. .................... 17, 18,58
rain, sea :m d tuning controls ............... 16
gain (amplification).... .................. . .. 7
Gigaheru (GH 'I.)... ......................... . .... 2
Global :VCariliJnc: Disln~ss and Safety
System (G;>"fDSS) .................... ........... SO
G lobal Navigation S;udlile
System (G!\SS), ........... 24,38
( ; lon<lss... .. ....................... , ......... 38
G;>"IDSS. .. ............... 83
GNSS .24, :~4, 3B, 42, 43, 47, 52
....... 7:l, n, H2, B1, 11'>, 10 1, 102, 103, 135
antenna .......... .. ............................ +7
CPS [Global Positioning
System) ...... ..38,77, 102,105
(:()mpass ., .. ............ 24
gyro compass. ......... :;2,101
gyrocompass. .. ........... 2+, 34, 57, 92,103
H
hazardous cargo Lype ............ ...... 'lH, H.1, Hti
h(:Rding
errors ......................... ........... 7G, 92,103
indic(ltOI·....... .. ..................... 34, 52
lil~... . .................. 59
H ead-Up ......... .. ............... 11. 2:l, 24. 9')
High Speed Craft. .. ........................ 3, I r 7
I
V\LA ................................ 79,8 1
AIS ................................. 7(j, 10;) I HS ..... .. ............ 33, 42, 52, 90, 11 0
radar .............. . .. ..... 13, 11, 33, lOt
familiarisation training ..
fast time constant {FrG~ .. ..... 5:;, 103, 139
.......... 20
butry installations... .. ..................... 77.90
frequency .............. ...... :2, 1.1, :2H, :2~, :19, -'12
142 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE
H':C 6 11 62 digital interface .............. 52.53 IMO
M{Jdd Courst's ............................ 95, 139
number...... .. ........... Hi, 8'1, ~2
I:">IS .................... 34, 3.\,43, ,\2 , 53, 88, 110
int~gn'ted
bridgt' sysrem ..................... ................. 33
navigaLiOll sysl ~1II (INS;' .. .. .. 34, 8[1
intcrf.1cc
digital ,. .................. .42, 43,47, 49,53
user ..... . ........................ 1,7
i)l(crterenn~
re:i~('Tt'r ......... ..... .. . . .............. 22,23,28
inh:rHn:llct: rejecter ...
ll lLt:rnauonat
............... ~)B
Association of Marine Aids to ::"J'avigation and Lighthouse
Authorities (TAT ,A) ............................ 79
Function :Vl t::o;sag~ ...... -17, 49, 50, 88, 115
SaJ~!)'
Guidt: for O il Tankers and
Ttl'Illinals (1SGOTT) .................. 56
Management Code [1S:\1) ........ ~)5, 1 ~)B
Telecommunications l :nio n (I' I'L ) ...... 15
intcrswitch uni r. ........... ... .................. . 34, 56
inverst' S<l llar~ law
J jamming
joys lick
L
lalt:llcy
........................ 8, 9
.. 78
.60
..... 1:Fi
long' range identification and
trackin,e; (T ,J( r J ') .. ..37
lost
rel~rt:Tln' targel
targ~!
M
....... 109
............. ... .... 27, 109
n mgnetron ........................... .. ... 1
Mandato ry Ship Reporting ... ..... ............ 88
:\1aritimc
~1obilc Servic~ Id~nlijy ~~lt\ISI) ... 46, 5 1
:VI m .............. . .......... 7
lllicrowaves ..... . .......... 2
~1iniml.tm Keyboard and J)isplay
(MKD)....... . ................................. 42
~1KIl ............. .... ·11 , "1, 83, ~O, 9G, 97, 98,
.. , .. , .. , ................................ 99, 101 , 1()~)
MMSI ................... . 1-1>, 77,33. 105
Mode
Assigned...... . ............................. ' I 0, 77
Autonomous anl l Corlljnuous . ..tO, 4-1 , 46
PI)II~d ..... .
f\ lorsc: code:
.. ...... 4 1, 45
... 80
1I1olinn modes.. . ... 24
lIlulLirunction d isplay (IVIFD). . .. .. 35
Illultipath .. . ................ 1>1
N
. .......... .. 20. '27 , titi, (i7
navigation
filter ..
lines ........................ .............. . 62
slatu:o; . ........................ 57, 88, 89
lIew
target ..................................... lOB
tcchnology radar (K t') ... 2, 2B, 30, 31,:n
non-coherent ....... 2B. 2Y
North-Up ............ H. 23, 24, 98, 99
o ohS(t'IIt' Jang uagr: . .............. 83
orit:rtlaLinll modes ............. 23, 24,101.136
overl.ty ...... ... 62,106,108
p
pamllcl
indexing (PI) .. . ................. J:t")
index lint":{ ......... ...... ...... ... . .61, 101
........ 7 1 past positions
persuns onboard
PLo .... ..48, 49, 86, 88, 11 6
... 135, 136, 137, 13B
pilot.
plug
p l<ln posirion indinltor
plol eXLraclion
polar display ... .
polarisation .. .
poor installation
. ...... 96
.............. 12 ,90
................. 3
.......... 26
.. ................. 07, 0B
. ........................... ~) ................... 77. 102
INTEGRATING BRIDGE SYSTEMS 143
PPl: (Portable Pilot Cnit) ....... ........... :1 , B
precipitation .......... 6, H, 10, 15 , 19, ;JR, 115
PRf jiltcr ................... . ... ... .. 22
propagation
a nom:llous ............................... _. ·14·, 4:")
pulse
comprt'ssit )JI ............ ................ .. 3 1, 32
rt:'pt'lilinTl r1"~qutncy. . ........... 2, 22, 58
fO puist' cond.uio n.. . ... 22, 23
R
racon ..... " . .......... .33, 7(J, go. B 1, B2
radar........ . .. 1, :'L 9
cross section (ReS.!. ..................... 11, 12
equation ................. ..... H, 10, 12 , 19, 113
maps ..................... G2, 70, 108, 136, 138
Idkctio llS .. ..... 1, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17
slabilisalion ........... 23, 25, 28, 34, 71, 97,
.................... . .............. 101 , lOll
trat.-:kcr. .. 25, 26. 27, 211, JOfi, 108
trails... . . ....................... . 24 , 70 , 7 1
rranspondt'r .......... 79,80
rai u ("ol1ll"ol . 19, 21, :)8
ranK"t-'
cell .............. ..
sCillcs and range rings ......................... ()()
sidcJobes ...... .. ............................. 32, 33
rate of TIl rn (ROT; .
rect'iver
AIS .....
GNSS G PS ....
. ..... 52. 139
. ...... 42,43
.. .47, 48, 77
............................. 102
raclar....... .. .... I, 11, ~ I , ~9, 59, 8 1, 114
Receiver I\ tlton f HTlIlUS Inlt:grit)'
\4on irorinK" (RAJ M) ..... .48, 52, 78
rt'la li v~
JIlolion .................... 24, 70, 73, ~)B, 10 1
s safety and see.urity rt>latt>d nlt'ssagcs
..... ... ........ 4<1, '1.\ '19, 8~, 34, 90, 9G, 98, 99,
144 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE
SAR .. SART, S·bancl .....
...................... 139, 140
.. .. 77
... 5,21,33,79,8 1
. .................... 2
sca nnel ..................................................... 3
SC31Ho-scan correlat.ion .
SC:l
.. ........ '2'2, '2:{
clutter ................... . ~ , IG, .08
con trol ........... .. . ....................... 19,53
st';..m:h ,lilt!. rescue I:SAR). .. ...40, 77
aircraft. .............. .................... 37, 3a, 40
security ......... ..
Selective. Availability ::Si\).. .. ............. 7X
self-organising time divisinn
multiple iH'("t-'SS (S(), J 'f) lvlA,i ................. 38
st"nsi livily l ill a: cOlllrol (STC~ . . .. .... l 8, J9
sr. II.<;or r.., i1ures .. 107
ship
dimensions ........ 56, H , 77, B5, Uti
na nlC ................. . .37, 4~) , 46, It:"), 99
typ e ......... 46, 4·B, ·1!). 7'1, 8-1-, 8.'), HH, 117
sidt"lobt's ........ ................ ........... 5, 10
silu'llioual awa reness ..... ..... 24. 37, 39, ~)1.
..... ........................... .... ...... 73,90, 100, 102
sleeping targst~ ..... ...... 134, 67, 63,103, lOB
SOLAS ... .,.. . ........... II:l, 'lIi, Ill)
S()TIl~A ........ . ................... 39,50,31
spt't'd logs................. . .................... 101
Swudanls, Training, Certification and
Walchkt:e pi ng- Code (51'C\\'; ........ .. .... 55
st<l tic dat3 ....... 37, 41 ,4\ 46, 77,H4,
.. ..... .......................................... 8:") , 89, 104
STe ... . ............................ 13,19
Stt' fll Hl i.lrb :r . ................................ 59
syslt"" nl sl,ulul ,y .... .. ......... 56
T
target
assessment ..... .. ............. ............... 27, 72
association ......... ...... 11, H, 7:1.100,102,
..... ....... 103.104.105,140
idcllliJier .......... . ........... 26
1
I j
I ! I
,.
•
overload .. . .............. ..... ........ 109
swap . . .... 2H, 7:'l , 74 ,1 05
{racking .. . .......... 25, 63, 67
vectors .................. 2'1·. til, 69_ 70, 74-, 98.
............... IOU. 10 I. 106
ta rgets
corrdal~d . . .. ...................... 7-1·
fused ....... . .................. 71
Ihresholdiug ......... ....................... 17,18,2 1
Time Division l'vlulliple Access
(TIlMA) .......... ................................... 30
lime to closest point of approach
(T ePA)... . .. 64.66,67,7'2 . 108
lI"ar k Imll.......... . ......................... 60
u uillll:rlay
1:~ / J.( )CODE
.. 28,35, '>7, 1;2, 7U, 106
....................... 87
......... 3, 4-, IO,!)I, 77 UpU<.tk rale
liTe .... . ......... 39, 43, 47,52,89
v vari ablt': r<lllgt' m<lrkcr (VRj\f;, ................ oD
vector di.!.plays .. . ............................ ti9
VHF .................. . 37, 3CJ, 11, 7:1, 84, 96, 97
channels .... . .. .
dara li nk (VDL) ...
DSC .. ....
..................... 3B, 39, 41
......................... 50
....... 11 ,42,92,97
lnu:king accuracy
Iransmissio tl erTl}rs
...... 66, 102, 109 voyage rdat.('.d data. ..37, '11 , ' ~4 , 4~) ,
......... 91; ... ..48, "7, 11:;' 116, 87, 88, 96, 99, JU:l , J:l'J
u ansmiI ter VTS.... .. ~:l , :17, 38, 41 , 78, 79, 85, 9~.
AlS ................................................ 42, 40 .................................... 96,99. l lfi
radar. ......................... 1, 2, 11, 28, 29, 30
lrial manoeuvre ............ ....... .. . ... 71 w rrue "varships. . ........................ 7G, 7Y
heading ... .. , .. . ..................... ~l8 wavcguide.... . ... ....................... 3 Inolitll1 ...... . .. .. ....... 24, G9, 71l, 1:l6 ' vavclcngth ................ .. 2, \ 10, 14,44,1 13
l.11II t' b (l l" ..... . ...................... ~)B WGS84,., ........ 52, 77, 102.105 l.lming ("ontl"Ol ......................................... 21
tuming gear ..... . .. ........... I. :l x type approvaL .... . .65,97,101, lOG, IIlJ
X~band ..................... ......................... 2, 12
INTEGRATING BRIDGE SYSTEMS 145