The 3rd Workshop of Japan-UK Joint Research Project, 13th-15th February, 2008

Integrating Low Carbon Society Concept into Sustainable

Development Strategy in All Countries

Ryokichi HIRONOSeikei University

IntroductionIntroduction

1.1. Major Issues of Sustainable Development Major Issues of Sustainable Development 1) In Developed Countries1) In Developed Countries2) In Developing Countries2) In Developing Countries

2.2. Major Issues of the EnvironmentMajor Issues of the Environment3.3. Growing Impact of Climate ChangeGrowing Impact of Climate Change4.4. Mainstreaming Climate Change in National Mainstreaming Climate Change in National

Development StrategyDevelopment Strategy5.5. Integrating Low Carbon Society Concept in Integrating Low Carbon Society Concept in

Promoting Sustainable DevelopmentPromoting Sustainable Development6. Enhancing International Cooperation6. Enhancing International Cooperation

1.1 Major Issues of Sustainable 1.1 Major Issues of Sustainable Development in Developed Development in Developed

CountriesCountries1)1) Sustaining NonSustaining Non--Inflationary Growth under Inflationary Growth under GlobalisingGlobalising

World Economy: Rising Fear of Prolonged Stagflation due World Economy: Rising Fear of Prolonged Stagflation due partly to partly to SubprimeSubprime Loan Problems (Loan Problems (DavosDavos 1/2008 & G8 1/2008 & G8 Finance Ministers, Tokyo, 2/2008)Finance Ministers, Tokyo, 2/2008)

2)2) A Continuing Issue of Restraining Budgetary Deficits A Continuing Issue of Restraining Budgetary Deficits below X %(3 in OECD) of GDP against the Background of below X %(3 in OECD) of GDP against the Background of Ageing Population and Rising Social Security CostAgeing Population and Rising Social Security Cost

3) 3) Mainstreaming the Environmental Issues in National Mainstreaming the Environmental Issues in National Development StrategyDevelopment Strategy

4)4) Exploring into the PostExploring into the Post--Kyoto International Arrangements Kyoto International Arrangements on Climate Change, on Climate Change, TargettingTargetting at a Minimum 20 % at a Minimum 20 % Reduction of GHG Emission by 2020 and 50% by 2050 Reduction of GHG Emission by 2020 and 50% by 2050 (85% for Japan, 88% for USA and 83% for EU in a recent (85% for Japan, 88% for USA and 83% for EU in a recent TIT study) and Bringing All Countries into the International TIT study) and Bringing All Countries into the International Commitment Differentiated by Degree of RiskCommitment Differentiated by Degree of Risk

1.21.2 Major Issues of Sustainable Major Issues of Sustainable Development in Developing Development in Developing

CountriesCountries1)1) AchievingAchieving A Steady Growth to Reduce Poverty, A Steady Growth to Reduce Poverty,

Provide Employment and Green the GrowthProvide Employment and Green the Growth2)2) Brining the Benefits of Growth to all Segments of the Brining the Benefits of Growth to all Segments of the

Population, e.g., Lowering Regional Disparities, Income Population, e.g., Lowering Regional Disparities, Income Inequality, BEFA in particular by Raising Literacy Inequality, BEFA in particular by Raising Literacy among Women and Minorities, SAWFA (See MDG among Women and Minorities, SAWFA (See MDG Report2007)Report2007)

3) 3) MinimisingMinimising the Population Suffering from Infectious the Population Suffering from Infectious Diseases including HIV/AIDS (G8 2008 at Lake Diseases including HIV/AIDS (G8 2008 at Lake ToyaToya))

4)4) Urging the International Community to Comply with the Urging the International Community to Comply with the Doha Consensus in the International Trade and with the Doha Consensus in the International Trade and with the U.N. Commitment of Providing ODA at 0.7% of GDP U.N. Commitment of Providing ODA at 0.7% of GDP (G8 2008)(G8 2008)

2. Major Issues of the Environment: 2. Major Issues of the Environment: Commonality and DifferencesCommonality and Differences

1)1) Major National Environmental IssuesMajor National Environmental Issuesa) Air pollutiona) Air pollution

b) Water pollutionb) Water pollutionc)c) Soil pollutionSoil pollutiond) Hazardous and household wastesd) Hazardous and household wastes

2)2) Major Global Environmental IssuesMajor Global Environmental Issuesa) Climate change a) Climate change b) Deforestation b) Deforestation c) Transc) Trans--boundary Haze, Sandstorms, Riverboundary Haze, Sandstorms, River

pollution and 3Rs pollution and 3Rs e)e) Biodiversity Biodiversity

3. Growing Impact of Climate Change3. Growing Impact of Climate Change

1)1) On Food Production and Productivity, caused by Drought On Food Production and Productivity, caused by Drought and Floodsand Floods

2)2) Forest Fire: CO2 Emission and HazeForest Fire: CO2 Emission and Haze3)3) Natural Disasters: Loss of Lives and PropertyNatural Disasters: Loss of Lives and Property4)4) Loss of Biodiversity and Coral ShelvesLoss of Biodiversity and Coral Shelves5)5) Increasing Threat to Low Coastal Lines of Some Increasing Threat to Low Coastal Lines of Some SIDCsSIDCs

in the Pacific, the Indian and the Atlantic Ocean in the Pacific, the Indian and the Atlantic Ocean submerging under the SEAsubmerging under the SEA

6)6) A Deeper Impact of the TransA Deeper Impact of the Trans--boundary Issues boundary Issues 7)7) Transmission of some Tropical Diseases to the Northern Transmission of some Tropical Diseases to the Northern

HemisphereHemisphere

4. Mainstreaming Climate Change 4. Mainstreaming Climate Change in National Development Strategyin National Development Strategy1)1) Adaptation to Climate ChangeAdaptation to Climate Change

a) Agricultural, Fishery and Forestry Developmenta) Agricultural, Fishery and Forestry Developmentb) Natural Disaster Preparedness and Preventionb) Natural Disaster Preparedness and Preventionc) Planning Human Settlements Against Storms, etc.c) Planning Human Settlements Against Storms, etc.d) Adapting Tourist Development to Climate Changed) Adapting Tourist Development to Climate Change

2) Mitigation of GHG Emission and Global Warming2) Mitigation of GHG Emission and Global Warminga) Access to Clean Energy Services in Rurala) Access to Clean Energy Services in Rural

Communities and Improving Energy Efficiency Communities and Improving Energy Efficiency b) Increasing Use of Renewable Energy Sourcesb) Increasing Use of Renewable Energy Sourcesc) Industrial Restructuring and Merchandising in c) Industrial Restructuring and Merchandising in favourfavour

of Lower Carbon Intensity of Lower Carbon Intensity d)d) DecarbonisingDecarbonising transport systemtransport system

5. Integrating LCS Concept in 5. Integrating LCS Concept in Promoting Sustainable DevelopmentPromoting Sustainable Development

1)1) Accelerating Technology Transfer and Diffusion and Accelerating Technology Transfer and Diffusion and Enhancing Technological Development for Installing Enhancing Technological Development for Installing Production Processes and Product Mixes in Production Processes and Product Mixes in favourfavour of of Lower Carbon IntensityLower Carbon Intensity

2)2) Promoting 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and ESD Promoting 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and ESD for Installing LCS Concept in Every Sector of the National for Installing LCS Concept in Every Sector of the National EconomyEconomy

3)3) A Greater Use of Economic Instruments and MarketA Greater Use of Economic Instruments and Market--based Incentives including Developmental Clean based Incentives including Developmental Clean Development Mechanism (CoDevelopment Mechanism (Co--benefits) on Project, benefits) on Project, Programmatic and Programmatic and SectoralSectoral BasisBasis

4)4) Ensuring Consistency between MacroEnsuring Consistency between Macro-- and Microand Micro--Economic Policies and among Economic Policies and among SectoralSectoral Policies to Policies to Promote Lower Carbon Intensity Promote Lower Carbon Intensity

6.6. Enhancing International Enhancing International CooperationCooperation

1)1) Promoting Technical Cooperation for Enhancing the Promoting Technical Cooperation for Enhancing the Capacity of Developing Countries to Mainstream Climate Capacity of Developing Countries to Mainstream Climate Change and LCS Concept in National Development Change and LCS Concept in National Development Strategy and Implement the Strategy EffectivelyStrategy and Implement the Strategy Effectively

2)2) Enlarging and Diversifying Multilateral Climate Change Enlarging and Diversifying Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation FundsAdaptation and Mitigation Funds

3)3) Installing the Cap and Trade, Consolidating National and Installing the Cap and Trade, Consolidating National and Global GHG Emission Trading Arrangements and Global GHG Emission Trading Arrangements and Improving Developmental CDM (CoImproving Developmental CDM (Co--Benefits)Benefits)

4)4) Renewed Commitment to the Kyoto Protocol through Renewed Commitment to the Kyoto Protocol through Innovative Tax Reforms and PrivateInnovative Tax Reforms and Private--Public Partnership Public Partnership to Assist to Assist MNCsMNCs to Promote Technology Transfer in to Promote Technology Transfer in favourfavour of Lower Carbon Intensity and Early Consensus of Lower Carbon Intensity and Early Consensus on the Global Poston the Global Post--Kyoto Arrangements on Climate Kyoto Arrangements on Climate Change and LCSChange and LCS

THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND YOUR KIND ATTENTIONATTENTION

For further inquiry, please For further inquiry, please email to email to

ryokichi@iea.att.ne.jpryokichi@iea.att.ne.jp