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Integrating Gender in a Results Based

Management Approach

Why Integrating Gender into RBM Makes Sense• Preferred management methodology for CIDA• Gender equality is a CIDA cross cutting theme• We NEED to see change: systemic, policy, practice,

behavioral, awareness, knowledge, skills, commitment, access

• Sex is the material link between gender as a social construction and the lived realities of women, men, girls and boys

• We CANNOT be effective in our efforts as government, civil society and the development community more broadly in addressing socio-economic challenges if we do not take a gender responsive approach

Element Project 1: Managed by Activities

Project 2: Managed for Results

Project Objective To build wells in 15 communities Stated as an expected result: “Improved & sustainable usage of clean and safe water by families in 15 communities in region X”

Indicator of success #of wells built - #of people (male and female) using water; -level of community satisfaction with the water; - level of skill in well maintenance; -state of wells at the end of the project

Completed Activities (Implementation)

Wells built Wells built, training on well maintenance, training on keeping the water clean and developing maintenance structures provided

Measuring performance Confirm that wells are being built as planned or by the end of the project all wells have been built

Confirm whether: wells have been built, people are using the water, are satisfied with the water and the community has taken ownership of wells and can maintain them

Change (Results) Achieved by the end of the project

Villagers returned to old practices of using unsafe water. Why? They were not shown how to keep water clean, repair wells etc…there was no shared ownership

Improved and sustainable use of clean and safe water by families in 15 communities in region X (which over time will lead to lowered disease and mortality etc)

Accountability We could not hold the organization accountable for the wells not being used. After all they delivered on what they promised – build wells.

The organization would be held accountable in a different way: for the change in the state of human development, not just delivery of wells.

What is a Gender Responsive Approach?

• An approach to programming that RESPONDS to the contextual reality of unequal gender power relations and patriarchy, as core to analysis, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and measuring results

• It goes beyond gender sensitivity to actually using this sensitivity to give expression to addressing gender inequality in respective interventions, thereby linking any changes being sought to also contribute towards changing gender power relations.

Some Points for Gender Responsiveness• Gender Responsiveness requires:

1 Recognition of unequal gender power relations and patriarchy as a core part of the context within which programming is taking place

2 Understanding of the pervasiveness of gender norms, values and unequal gender power relations on organizations and programming

3 Integration of this understanding into an analysis of programming, project design and implementation, management systems and processes and all elements of organizational life

4 Taking this gender sensitivity and analysis to inform programme delivery and organizational functioning in ways that challenge existing gender norms and practices towards change

5 Clearly linking changes/ results that the organization/ programme/ project sets out to achieve with contributing towards changing gender power relations

6 Challenging existing gender power relations7 Working towards a broader transformation agenda8 Linking this agenda to addressing other corresponding forms of

inequality

CIDA Gender Equality Results

More equal participation of women with men as decision makers in shaping sustainable

development of their societiesReduced inequalities between women and men in

access to and control over the resources and benefits of development

Women and girls are more able to realise their full human rights

Results-Based PM Tools Defining realistic expected results, based on appropriate

analyses and set out in Logic Model; Clearly identifying programme beneficiaries and

designing results-based programmes to meet their needs; Monitoring progress towards results through the PMF

with the use of appropriate targets and indicators; Increasing knowledge of results by learning lessons and

integrating them into decisions; Reporting on results achieved & the resources involved; Linking the budget with identified results and costing

accordingly through a Results-based Budget; Identifying and managing risks linked to the identified

results through a Risk Register; Based on a Communications Plan disseminate results

through media, advocacy, awareness raising, campaigns, publications etc.

Communities build new wellsin region X.

Communities have better accessto clean drinking water in region X.

Communities make better use of clean drinking waterin region X.

People are healthier inregion X.

Resources in the region are trainedto maintain wells.

Immediate

Outcomes

Intermediate Outcomes

Ultimate Outcome

Activities

Financial resources, human resources, technical resources Inputs

Communities build their capacityto maintain wells.

Wells built Resources trainedOutputs

LOGIC MODEL

PMFPMFResponsibilityFrequencyCollection

MethodsData

SourcesTargetBaselineIndicatorsResult

Statements from Logic

Model

Outputs

Immediate Outcomes

Intermediate Outcomes

Ultimate Outcome

Risk Management

Title No. Team Leader Country/Region/

Institution Budget Duration

Risk Definition Risk Level (Add columns as

needed)

From Program

Risk Profile? (Y/N)

Indicate Investment LM Result Leveli

Mitigation needed Risk owner

Operational Risks (Date1) (Date2) (Date3)

Op1 Implementation is delayed due to …..

Y PR Renegotiate with governmnet…… Project Manager

Op2 Add rows as needed …… Program Manager

Financial Risks Fin1 Funding may not be

harmonized with …

Fin2 Add rows as needed Development Risks

Dev1

Natural disaster may threaten CIDA development results …

Dev2

Add rows as needed

Reputation Risks

Reputation

Canadian stakeholders may publicly not support program

Add rows as needed

RESULTS BASED BUDGETResult

Statements from Logic

Model

Indicators Baseline Target Data Sources

Collection Methods

Frequency Responsibility

Ultimate Outcome

Intermediate Outcomes

Immediate Outcomes

Outputs

Communications

A Check for Gender Responsiveness•What change does your project seek to bring

about?•Think about it at the different levels of change –

social, practice/behaviour, capacity•In what ways can the changes that you seek to

bring about also contribute towards challenging and /or transforming unequal gender power relations?

•What are the specific gender equality issues impacting on the project that you implementing?

•Consultation with women•Gender root cause analysis•Strategic alignment with gender / human rights

•Gender equality results•Gender based b•Engendered risk plan•M&E – sex disaggregated data, gender sensitive indicators•Engendered comms Plan

•Time management•Cost management•Risk management•Quality management•Comms management

•Reporting on gender results•Gender impact evaluation•Review with gender lens•Dissemination•Ownership by women and men•Sustainability for women and men

Are Leadership

CultureSystems

responsive to women /

girls?

GENDER BLIND

• Maintains imbalances

• Gender bias towards dominant groups

• Does not challenge existing gender relations

GENDER RESPONSIVE• Promotes

equity by redistributing resources and benefits

• Transforms gender relations

• Target groups are identified based on gender analysis - interventions can be gender neutral or gender specific

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Gender Neutral Gender Aware

The Importance of Gender Analysis• Gender analysis will highlight the differential needs of

women and men, girls and boys• Gender analysis will highlight the basic and strategic

needs of women• The results chain will then be informed by an analysis

of gender and associated social, political, economic, environmental issues

• Gender analysis will facilitate the development of gender results that are contextual, situational and multi-dimensional

• Gender equality / rights-based results will be identified at outcome levels as required by legislation, policy, agreed protocols

Using Root Cause Analysis to Determine Gender Needs

• When an issue/problem is known in broad generalities and you must move to specific details, such as when developing logical steps to achieve an objective;

• When developing actions to carry out a solution /plan;

• When analyzing processes in detail;• When probing for the root cause of a problem; • When evaluating implementation issues for several

potential options or solutions;• As a communication tool, to explain details to others.

Complexity of Gender in SAThe intersection of gender and “race” /

ethnicityThe intersection of gender and classThe intersection of gender and cultureThe intersection of gender and sexual

orientationThe intersection of gender and employmentThe intersection of gender and multiple

inequalities (political, social, economic)The differences between women themselves

Engendered Problem Tree Analysis

Using a

gender lens

Using the Gender Lens in Project Management as a Mainstreaming Tool

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Applying the gender lens for analysis, planning and implementat

ion

Understanding the

discriminatory patterns within

the patriarchal

order

Uncovering the inequalities within the

male signifying economy

Identifying the

differential impact on men and women

Mainstream and Margins

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• The poor (women and men)

• Migrants• Refugees• Internally

displaced people

• Women• Young girls• Older women• Lesbian

women

• People with disabilities

• Other marginalised people

• Ethnic minorities

• Religious minorities

• First nation people

Ownership and Power

Control of resources

Decision making

Control over access and

Opportunity

Mainstreaming

Mainstreaming

Strategic Outcome:Reduction in poverty for those living in countries where the Canadian International Development Agency engages in international development

PA level – Intermediate Outcome:Enhanced accountability and effectiveness of institutions to respond to the needs and aspirations of women, men and children.

Ultimate Outcome:Increased food security strengthened agricultural performance and improved services that meet the needs of women, men, girls and boys (Ethiopia)

Intermediate Outcome:More accountable and responsive Ethiopian institutions (ET)

Immediate Outcome:More effective public sector, including improved performance by democratic and justice institutions (ET)

Ultimate Outcome:Improved protection of rights (under the criminal justice system) for people living in Ethiopia (PREJ)

Intermediate Outcome: Increased fairness, efficiency and competency of criminal institutions (PREJ)

Immediate Outcome:Increased capacity of police to protect rights and investigate crime …. (PREJ)

Corporate/PAA Program LM Project LM

Planning Flow

Reporting Flow

What is a Gender Sensitive Result?

A gender sensitive result is a describable or measurable change in unequal power

relations between women and men that is derived from a

cause and effect relationship.

Measurable transformation• In a woman / girl• In a man / boy• In a group of women / girls• In a group of men / boys• In an organization• In a community• In a society• In a country

Cause and effect relationship between an action and the results achieved – this can be described as the “If-then” or causal logic.

Two Major Elements in “Gender Results”

CHANGE CAUSALITY

Project Management Framework

Input OutputActivity OutcomesWho is

reached

Performance Measures

What we useto do the

work?

What wedo?

What weProduce

?

Which women /

men benefit?

What gender equality

outcomes & impact we

aim to achieve?

Typical PM Focus

Gender Responsive RBM Focus

Indicators, baselines and targets

Gender Sensitive Performance Measures

ULTIMATE OUTCOME

Improved health for women, men and children living in community X

INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES

Increased proper usage of safe drinking water by women, men and children in community X.

Improved management of water, waste and sanitation infrastructure in community X

IMMEDIATE OUTCOMES

Increased equitable access to safe drinking water for women, men, girls and boys living in community X

Increased knowledge and awareness of the importance and proper usage of safe drinking water among women, men, girls and boys in community X

Increased ability of women in community X to maintain wells

Increased knowledge and skills in waste management and sanitation among female and male workers of Regional Water Authority

OUTPUTS

Public consultations on well location conducted in community X with male and female village decision makers, including representatives from vulnerable and marginalized groups. Wells built in community X Existing wells rehabilitated in community X

Awareness material, including material appropriate for a non-literate audience, developed in consultation with male and female community members Awareness campaigns conducted on the importance and proper usage of safe drinking water for women, men, girls and boys in community X

Needs assessment conducted in consultation with women and girls in community X. Training provided to women in community X on maintenance of wells

Needs assessment conducted in consultation with the Regional Water Authority officials and employees, both male and female. TA in waste management and sanitation provided to Regional Water Authority employees, both women and men.

ACTIVITIES Conduct well building and rehabilitation activities in community X

Conduct awareness campaigns

Provide training to women in community X on maintenance of wells

Provide TA in waste management and sanitation to Regional Water Authority

Capacities of women and men

Practices that impact on lives of women and men

Conditions for women and men

Gender Equality Results Logic

If ... then

If ... thenLevel 1 Results

Level 3 Results

Level 2 Results

Using an Engendered Logic Chain• Ultimate Outcome: Change in State for

women, girls / men, boys• Intermediate Outcomes: Change in

practice and/or behaviour of women / men• Immediate Outcomes: Change in

knowledge, awareness or access for women and men

• Outputs: Complete activities (good and services that benefit women / men)

• Activities: What service providers do to mobilize inputs and create outputs that benefit women / men.

?

?

?

?

?

Capacity• Skills• Knowledge• Understandi

ng• Ability• Awareness• Motivation• Opinions• Values• Assumptions

Action• Behaviour• Practice• Performance• Intervention• Decision-

making• Relationships• Policy making• Social action• Political action• Economic

choice

Conditions• State of affairs• Social

conditions• Economic

conditions• Political

circumstances• State of

environment• Safety and

security Increased

ability of local government to

undertake gender

responsive health care

planning

Improved gender responsive

delivery of local health care

services

Improved health conditions for women and

girls in municipality X

Gendered Results ChainImmediate

OutcomesIntermediate

OutcomesUltimate

Outcomes

Knowledge Peopl

e Mater

ials resources

Organise

SRH workshops for

women and men in

Community

X

SRH workshops for

women and men held in

Community

X

Enhanced

awareness

of sexual

and repro-ductiv

e health rights

in Community

X

Increased

decision-

making

capacity of

women and girls

to negoti

ate safer sex

practices in intima

te relation-

ships

Women and girls

in Community

X have

enhanced

sexual and

repro-ductiv

e autonomy

Development Results

Immediate

outcome

Inter-mediate outcome

Ultimate outcome

Gender Results - Language of Transformation

Results are about change – for the better• Change is signified by words such as:

Improved (health conditions for HIV+ mothers)Increased (income of local women farmers)Strengthened (decision-making capacity of

women)Reduced (vulnerability of girl / boy OVCs)Enhanced (ability of women to negotiate safe

sex)Increased (involvement of men in parenting)Expanded (opportunities for women’s entry

into the labour market)

Performance Measurement Framework (PMF)• Used as a results-based monitoring and evaluation tool• Used to systemically plan the collection of relevant data

to assess and demonstrate progress made in achieving expected results

• Allows for the setting of project targets / milestones• Ensures performance information is collected on a

regular basis • Allows for real-time, evidence-based management

decision making to ensure achievement of results• Developed and monitored through consultation with

partners, other donors, local stakeholders and sometimes beneficiaries

THE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKTitle No. Team Leader

Country/Region Budget Dur a tion

EXPECTED

RESULTS INDICATORS BASELINE

DATA TARGETS DATA

SOURCES

DATA

COLLECTION

METHODS FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY

ULTIMATE

OUTCOME I

i

.

INTERMEDIATE

OUTCOMES

IMMEDIATE

OUTCOMES

OUTPUTS

Gender Sensitive Performance IndicatorsA gender sensitive performance indicator is a

unit of measurement that specifies what gender issue is being measured along a scale or dimension but does not indicate the direction or change.

Performance indicators are a qualitative or quantitative means of measuring an output or outcome, with the intention of gauging the performance of a program or investment.

Performance indicators are neutral & do not indicate directionality & do not embed a target.

Examples of Gender Sensitive Performance Indicators

Quantitative (discrete measures):

number of (women, girls)

frequency of proportion ofratio of variance with % ofetc.:

• Qualitative(experiential or perception): attitudes (of men, boys) skills perceptions of quality of level of (understanding) beneficiary opinion extent of congruence with presence of etc.:

Criteria of a Good Gender Sensitive Performance Indicator

Validity : Does it specifically measure the stated gender result?

Reliability: Is it a consistent measure of women / men’s circumstances over time?

Sensitivity: When the gender result changes will it be sensitive to those changes?

Simplicity: Will it be easy to collect and analyze sex disaggregated information?

Utility: Will the information be useful for women / men’s decision-making and learning?

Affordability: Can the program/investment afford to collect the gender specific information?

Disaggregating IndicatorsIndicators need to be disaggregated

wherever possible if they are to be useful for more focused decision making purposes:

Sex Age “Race” / ethnicity Socio-economic status

Risk RegisterPurpose of the Risk Register: A risk register lists:

All the identified risks to project resultsIdentified risk level per resultThe results of the risk analysis A summary of risk response (mitigation)

strategiesThe risk register should be continuously updated

and reviewed over a regular reporting schedule for the length of the project.

At the risk level account needs to be taken of possible risks to the achievement of the gender equality results

Risk Management Process

5. Evaluation•Improving the process•Organizational learning•Performance reporting

4. Monitoring•Decision-making•Adjusting•Performance reporting 3. Risk Response

•Determining options•Mitigation options•Implementing

2. Risk Assessment•Impact and likelihood•Risk ranking•Risk tolerance

1. Risk Identification•Environment scanning•Partner collaboration•Selecting key risk areas

UnderstandingContext

•Communications strategy•Gender considerations•Stakeholder consultation•Accountabilities

FeedbackWhat are the key risks to achieving

gender equality results?

Typical Risk Matrix

Risk Register TemplateRisk definition Start Date 2 Date 3 Risk response Owner

Operational 2010-03 2010-06 2011-01

1. There is a risk that …2. … performance mgt..

Very Low Improve data collection …Introduce new indicators

M&E Officer

High

Financial

-Risk 3 -Risk 4

Very High Extended use of …None needed at the moment.

CFO

Very Low

External factors

-Risk 5 -Risk 6

Low ….hampering imple- mentation in region X

Project Manager

Very High

Other outcome risks

-Risk 7 High …resisitance from men in community Y

Project Manager

Gender Equality Identifier

Directive and Responsive Programming

Core funding

Equality 3Specific

Gender equality is the principal objective and result of the initiative

An institution whose primary objective and result is to diminish gender inequalities

Equality 2Integrated

There are gender equality results at the intermediate outcome level

An institution has an overall rating of ‘promising’, ‘good’ or ‘excellent’

Equality 1Limited Integration

There are gender equality results at the immediate outcome level

An institution has an overall rating of ‘fair’

Equality 0None

There are no gender equality results

An institution has an overall rating ‘concern’

From CIDA – thank you!•Contact Details: • Tamara Braam

• tambraam@telkomsa.net

• Philip Browne• cdn.browne@gmail.com