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1JAST 2008
Integrating Biofuels into the Jamaica Sugar
IndustryThe need for policy coherence.
Maureen Wilson, Ph. D.Laboratory Manager
Sugar Industry Research Institute
2JAST 2008
Background History of making rum and using bagasse to
produce steam and electricity Highly skilled workforce, many unskilled
labourers Favourable trading agreements with the USA
and the EU Partnership agreements with countries like
Brazil Jamaica has revised National Energy Policy and
has put in necessary legislation to support biofuels
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3JAST 2008
Biofuels
Ethanol from sugar cane Bagasse and fuelwood for cogeneration Biogas from agro-processing waste Biodiesel from castor oil Charcoal pellets from bagasse Cellulosic ethanol
3
JAST 2008
Benefits of using sugarcane“There seems to be a consensus that
among the major crops usable as a feedstock for ethanol, sugarcane is arguably the best, thanks to low production costs, a high net energy gain and a healthy CO2 balance.”
H. Ahlfeld, 2007. Intl. Sugar and Sweetener Report, vol 139 # 33 p 577
4
5JAST 2008 5
Biofuel yields of selected feedstocks
World Watch Institute, 2006
66
Greenhouse gas savings of different biofuels compared to their fossil fuel comparator
Type of biofuel GHG savings (%)
Biodiesel from: PALM OIL 53 %
RAPESEED OIL51 %
SOY 29 %
Ethanol from: SUGARCANE
89 %
WHEAT 49 %
BEET 40 %
Source: EC Renewable Energy Roadmap, 2006 JAST 2008
7JAST 2008 7
France (beet)
Brazil (cane)
USA (corn)
JAST 2008
Sustainable biofuels industry Sustainable use of land and water Integrating biomass production within
existing farming systems Using efficient conversion technologies with
process integration – sugar, ethanol, cogeneration, biodiesel, biogas
Stringent waste management - fertigation, biogas, growing algae for oil production
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JAST 2008
Regulations and Standardisation
Legislation – mandating local production and use of biofuels, emission control, land use, trade, incentives
Standardization, certification, compliance, enforcement and accountability
Auditing tools, life cycle assessment for calculating greenhouse gas savings
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JAST 2008
OpportunitiesThis will involve increased:
use of available cane lands and marginal lands
production and productivity of fields incomes of rural farmers trade with the US, the EU etc production of biodiesel food production and food security
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JAST 2008
More opportunities
Decrease dependence on imported oil Decrease greenhouse gas emission
hence mitigate against climate change Increase local manufacturing of
commercial equipment Produce cellulosic ethanol when
commercially viable
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JAST 2008
Challenges Island – limited land and water Lack of communication strategies to
engage civil society Human capacity needs development Lack of sufficient capital to retool and
improve infrastructure Existing policies – nationally,
internationally12
SPRI 2008 13
Policy Coherence
Coherence between policies of different Ministries and Government Departments affecting the production of biofuels
Coherence between national policies and those of trading partners – EU, USA etc to ensure that there are no barriers to export trade
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Conclusion
Jamaica ought to integrate biofuels into the sugar industry and build competitiveness -produce fuel grade ethanol, biogas, biodiesel and use bagasse supplemented with fast growing trees for cogeneration and in so doing will be able to achieve energy security, export excess biofuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions mitigating against climate change
14JAST 2008
JAST 2008
Recommendations Legislation mandating local production and use
of biofuels National strategies should maximise benefits to
farmers and other investors Jamaica must increase investment in ST&I by
building human resource capacity and physical infrastructure
Best practices and methodologies should be adapted and implemented
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