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SND C2 SPO
Maj. LeRoy PedoneUSAF/AFMC/ESC/NDCI
GSAW993-5 March 1999
Integrated SpaceCommand andControl (ISC2)
SND C2 SPO
Outline
• NORAD USSPACECOM Warfighter Support System (N/UWSS)Initiative
• Architecture initiatives• Impact of evolving standards• Defining and managing architectures
SND C2 SPOSPACE-BASED COMM LINKS
MISSILEWARNING SENSOR
PROCESSING
IR GROUNDPROCESSING
ENDURABLE GROUND
PROCESSING
PHASE 1
CINC’s C2 NODES
ENGAGEMENTNODE PROCESSING
REMAININGC2 NODES
BEYOND PHASE 1
SATELLITECONTROL
PROCESSING
ATMOSPHERICSENSOR PROCESSING
LAUNCHRANGE
PROCESSINGSPACE TRACKSENSOR
PROCESSING
TERRESTRIALCOMM LINKS
N/UWSS: Future BM/C2 Functions and Systems forNORAD/USSPACECOM Mission Areas
N/UWSS Scope
SND C2 SPO
N/UWSS Mission Scope
• Command and Control for– Strategic Missile Warning– Air Defense and Warning– National Missile Defense– Space Control– Space Support– Space Force Enhancement– Space Force Application– Information Operations
SND C2 SPO
Global Infosphere• C4I Warrior Tenets• Global Grid
Mission Needs• Interoperable BM/C2• Warfighting Warning Information• Space Product Integration• Flexible to Evolve• Reduce Cost of Ownership
USSPACECOM• Full Force Integration• Global Partnerships• Global Engagement• Control of Space
Ops Concept
COLD WAR - Strategic Focus
Strategic & Theater - Global Focus
NORAD• Precision Tracking• Precision Engagement• Integrated Battle Mgmt• Focused Logistics
Workaround Workaround
N/UWSS Thrust
SND C2 SPO
N/UWSS Content
• Strategic Warning & North American Defense– Migrate existing warning & NORAD C2 systems
• Enable global information availability/interoperability• Align with joint C2 doctrine• Address sustainment problems• Evolve to DII COE/GCCS based infrastructure• NORAD/USSPACECOM COP
– Integrate expanding mission responsibilities• Global Space Battle Management C2• Single Focal Point for Space• Global Space Partners Integration• Incorporate National Missile Defense C2• Information Operations
• Theater support & integration– Add new space C2 capabilities
• Integrate emerging capabilities to effective ops tools
Leverage off-the-shelf capabilitiesAdd new C2 decision supportImprove collaborative (vertical & horizontal) planningAlign with Joint Doctrine
• Enable theater space information integration
SND C2 SPOThe Path to N/UWSS Business Case and POM Input
Activity Modeling
ImprovementAnalysis
Operator Conducts:
As-Is Architecture
Activity BasedCosting
To-Be Architecture
To-BeIntegration
Policy Guidance- Joint Vision 2010- CINCs Vision- C4ISR Guidance
Operator DrivenReengineering
InformationInfrastructureAssessment• As-Is System Architecture• As-Is Data Structures
MigrationSelectionCriteria
Business CaseDevelopment
Migration Plan
Business Case
PE XYZ
3600
3400
3080
00 01 02...
POM Input
Part 1 Jan-Mar 97 Part 2 Apr-Jun 97 Part 3 Jul-Dec 97
N/UWSS Process
SND C2 SPO
Architecture Initiatives
• N/UWSS Operational Architecture Development– Approach– Products– Architecture evaluation
• Space Battle Manager Core System (SBMCS)• Migration of Space Architecture• Shared Early Warning
SND C2 SPO
Integrated Space C2 System
Path 1: Top-downTo Be Requirements(Vision)
Path 2: Bottoms-upMigration Initiatives(Implementation)
System Architecture System Architecture
IER Matrix
Tech ArchitectureTech Architecture
CSACSS
CSP/COP
Kernel
Shared Data
DII COE
Process
C2STA Capability view Distributed view Data view Security Production
Architecture Approach
ISC2Profile
Operational ArchitectureOperational Architecture
NodeConnectivity
Activity Model NewMissions
DII
Sustainment/Migration Systems/ReengineeringSustainment/Migration Systems/Reengineering
HQ
SOC
Use Cases
Req Min. Priority Thresh. Object. 00 01 02 03 04 051 2
SMM
SystemArchitectureObjectives
A-Specification Level requirements in DOORSSoftware Reengineering Products (?)
SND C2 SPO
V eri fy Asse ss & Report
A ttacks Ag ainst N/U or A l l ied A ssets
V al id ate A sse ss & Report
A ir Even ts
Va l i dat e A ssess & Re port
M issi le Events
V eri fy A ssess & Report
NBC Events
M onit or Ai r T ra cks
M on it or Forc e &
Reso urce Status
M oni tor Force E m plo ym ent
M aintai n Rel evant S i tuatio n Inform ation
Detect & Rep ortS atel l i te M ane uver
Order M issi le Defen se
Operati ons E xecution
Order A ir Opera tions
E xec ution
Pla n
S pecial A ctivi ties
Detect & Report
Satel l i te S eparatio n
Detect & Rep ort
S ate ll ite DeOrbi t
M on i to r Hi ja ck A ir T rac ks
V a li d at e & Repor t
E NHA Z Bio logical /Chem i ca l
P lan A ir Operat ions
RA OC/S AOC
Pl an Nat ional Mi ssi le De fen se Ope rat ionsA R SPA CE
NAV SP ACE
Pl an S pace Operat ions
A FS PA CE
V al ida te Asse ss & Report
NUDE T
Iden ti fy & Report Launch
Id enti fy & Rep ort
NUDET
Val i d ate A ssess & Re po rt
Reen try
M oni tor & Repo rt Na tural S pace En vironm en t
Detect & Re po rt Breaku p
B ui ld Co m m on
Opera tional P icture
Pred ict, De tect &
Re port Ree n try
S i tuat i on Di stribut ion S ervices
Val idate & Re port
ENHA Z Ra diolog ica l
Su bsc ri be t o S it ua ti o n Al erts
Su bscribe to S tandard Inform ation
S ets/Disp lays (e.g. COP )
S ubscribe to Use r Def ined Info rm at ion
S ets/Displays
S u bsc ri be to C onfe rence Displa ys
Push E ve nt to User
P ush Event t o Assessm ent
Id enti fy & Re portE rrant/Non-Nom ina l Launch
V al idate Assess & Report
La u nch
P la n
Spe ci al Tec hn ica l Operat io ns
P repare & T ransm it
Condi tio n Ch anges
A524 Pre pare Nuclear Contro l Order,
E AM , Force M an agem e nt Directive
A ssess & Repo rt
Fal lout
M oni tor Defe cto r Ai r T racks
M on i tor In -F l ight
Em e rgency Ai r T ra cks
M oni to r Spe ci al Intere st
Fore ign A ircraft T racks
A 525 Prep are NORA D Region Alert,
P ostu re, Flush & Execute Orders
S et Ar eas o f Respon si bi li ty /
Interest, Fi l ters & T hresh olds
S et A OR/A OI, Fi l te rs & Th resh olds for
Warni ng
S et A OR/A OI, Fi l te rs & Th resho lds
for In tel
Set A OR/AOI, Fi l ters & T hresholds
fo r M ission
S e t A OR/A OI , Fi lte rs & Th resh ol ds
for Force & Reso urce
S et A OR/AOI, F il te rs & T h resholds for
Fo rce Em p loym ent
M ain ta in & Respond t o
Perio d of In terest I nform ation
M aintai n & Respond to
Co operat iv e Pre dictiv e Infor m ation
M oni tor
M issi le Operatio ns
M ain tain Relevant S i tua tion
Inform atio n Other Govern m ent S ources
M a intain Relevan t Si tu ation
Inform ation Interna tional & US
P lan & Fore ca st Govern m ent & Co m m ercial & In ternatio nal Lau nch
T ransfer of Com m and A uthori ty
A uthe nt icate
Force Direction Orders
Archive Data
<<Uses>>
Reset E ve nt Da ta
<<Use s>>
R eport
L ess-Tha n-Re lease Launch
A nalyze & Rep ort Orbi ta l .
Safety Im pact
A na ly ze & Re po rt
Laser Il lum ination
Ana lyze & ReportOrbi tal Conjunction s
Detect & Re port Sa tel li t e
R en de zvo us an d Do cking
Report & Respon d to
Anom alous Even t
Ve ri fy Assess & Report
Co-Orbi ta l AS AT
V eri fy A ssess & Repo rtDi re ct A scen t A SA T
V e ri fy A ssess & Re po rt
Directed Ene rgy
Veri f y A ssess & Rep ort
E lec tr on ic Warfa re
V erif y A ssess & Repo rt
Grou nd A ttack/S abota ge
Verif y, Assess, & Rep ort
Inform a tion Warfare A ttack
V ali date Assess & Repo rt
T he a te r M issi le E ven ts
M oni tor & Report T erre stria l
We ather In form at ion E ve nts
P l an Com b at Su pp ort Ope ratio ns (G loba l S AT COM , Spa ce Based Nav ig a ti on,
E valuate NM D ROE s
P lan NM D Eng agem e nt Operat ions
Grant /Withdraw
NM D DE A
Cha nge NM D
Strategies & T actics
M anage NM D T argets
by E xcep tion
S et A OR/AOI , F i l te rs & Th reshol ds
fo r I nform ation Ope ra tions
Plan
In form at ion Opera tions
A52 2 Prepa re Fi ghter A le rt Force Order /
AWACS Contro l Dire ct ive
M oni tor Spa ce
Operatio ns
Pla n Recovery & Reconst i tution
of M issio n Force E lem e nts
CAP - Re cu rring
E xecution of Forces
DP - Develop
S t ra te gic Co nc ept
DP - Develop Draf t OPLA N
DP - Develop
Fin al OPL A N
DP - Develop
Su pportin g Pla ns
DP - De ve lop P lann ing Guida nce
Relocate NORAD/US S PA CEC OM Nod e
Fire
Bom b T hreat / Explosion
Loss of Power
L oss of Com m u nications
Si te Ev a cua ti on
NBC Attack
Relocate A FS PA CE SOC
M ai nta in Re lev ant Situ at ion I nf orma tio n Int el
M on i tor M i ssi ons
M o ni tor E nvironm ent
M a intain S atel l i te
S ystem Cha racteristics
Coordin ate & Rep ort
SA TRAN
M oni tor
Inform atio n Operati ons
M on itor
Ai r Ope rat ions
M oni tor
L eadership L ocations
M on i tor OP SCAP /SY S CA P
M on i tor Orde r of Battle
S up por t & Repo rt
Cooperative Laun ch
A nalyze & Repo rt
RFI
S upp ort T reaty M on i toring
A3 Plan Operatio ns
Anal yz e & R epor t S p a ce Lau nch
Col lect
& Rep ort S OI
V eri fy, A ssess, & Rep ort
Sp ace NUD ET A tta ck
<< Uses>> <<Uses> >
P lan S pace Com bat Operation s
Pl an Sp ace Su pport Ope rat ions
P lan G lob al Pa rtner/A l l ied Op eration s
< <Uses> >
< < Uses>>
<< Uses>>
< <Uses>>
A1 M oni to r Si tuation
< <Use s>>
NORA D/US SP ACECO
M A ssessor
N ORA D/USS PA CE C O
M CINC
HCA
Natio nal Intel /CIC
NORA D/USS PA CECO
M Op eratorCr iti ca l S it uati ons
A2 Asse ss Si tuatio n A 5 T ran sm i t Force Di rection Orders
<<Uses>>
<<Uses>>
<<Uses>>
< <Uses> >
<<Uses>>
.
<<Uses> >
HCA
NORAD/USS PA CE CO
M Ope rator
Warn ing/S i tuatio n Impa cts/
A s ses smen ts
NORA D/US SP ACECO
M CINC
NORA D/USS P ACECO
M Operator
CAP - De ve lop NORA D/USS PA CECOM
COA s
A4 M ake Force E m ploym e nt De ci sions
Employment Decisi ons
N ORA D/US SPA CE C O
M Operato r
COA s
Request De log
<<Use s>>
Plan G lobal S AT COM
P lan S pace B ased Navig ation
P l an Env ironm e n ta l M oni to ring
Pla n Sur vei l la n ce & Thr eat Wa rn ing
P lan Reconna issance
P lan S pace A sset Deploym e nt (Laun ch ,
P ost Laun ch, Ran ge, S pacecraft
P lan S pace A sset Operations (Inform ation
T ransfer, Reposi tioni ng, On-Orbi t Service)
Pl an S pace Asse t Recovery
(Rende zvou s Recovery, De orbi ts, Landi ng,
Develop AFS PA CE COAs
< <Uses> >
<<Use s>>
Uni t
HCA
NORAD/USS PA CE CO
M CINC
CAP - Te rm inate OPORD
(S upp o rt ed CI NC)
<<Uses> >
Deve lop A FSP A CE Task Ord ers
S pTO
<<Uses> >
CA P - Develop OPORD/FRAGO
(Su pporte d CINC)
< <Uses> >
NORAD/US S PACE CO
M CINC
HCA
A FS PA CE
OPORD/FRA GO
CAP - Execute OPORD (S upp ort ed CINC)
<<Uses>>
Execute Order
P repare & T ransm it E AM s
<<Use s>>
UNCLASSIF IED
Draft NUWSS-ISC2 Top Level 10/29/98
<<Uses>>
<<Uses>>
A 6 M ai ntain
M issio n Re adiness
A nal yz e & Asse ss Ca pac it y toM e et user Re quirem ents
Ini tia l ize & T erm i nate S ystem
P erfo rm P reventive an dCorre ct ive System M a intenan ce
Con duc t Testing
Co nduc t Exe rc ises
Uti l ize Sim ulation & M odel in g to
Determ ine V alue o f Inform ation to
Condu ct Em e rgency Proce dures
Conduct T raini ng
NORA D/USS P ACECO
M Operator
Detect & Report Spa ce Events
M a intain RSO Orb i tal P aram e ters
<<Uses>>
S upport & Report Coo perative
Space L aunch
A na ly ze & Repo rt No n-Coope ra ti veSpa ce Lau n ch
<<Uses> >
<<Uses> >
M on i tor UAV
M oni tor Com m on A ir T racks
Prep are & Tran sm it
T HREA TCON Change s
P repare & T ransm it LERTCON Chan ges
Prep a re & Tr ansm it
INFOCON Chan ges
Pre pare & T ransm it WA TCHCON Chan ges
P repare & T ra nsm it A i r Fo rce
THRE A TCON Chan g es
P lan Space
P reve nti on Ope ra t ions
P lan S pace
Neg ation Ope rations
Pl an Spa ce ForceA ppl icatio n Operati ons
De tect & Repo rt
Ano ma lo us Eve nt
Top Level Use Case Model
Use Case Model
Monitor ExecuteAssess Plan MaintainReadiness
SND C2 SPO
N/UWSS NCD Example
Us e C ase: SS IFD6Na me: Non-Cooperative S pace Launch IFDInitial Creation Date: 8-4 -98Initial Review Date: 8-20-98BIGPIC Int egration Date: 8-25-98Final Re view & Base line Dat e: 9-1-98 Re v Dat e: 9-1-98
(1 ) M W1 0 - Launch E vent Indicat ion fro m Missile Sensor(2 ) MW 3 1 - Launch Event Indication fro m Fusion Cent er(3) SS19 - Poss ible Non-Coop Launch Alert (Historic) from AFSPACE(4 ) SS18 - Anc hor A ler t (Init) from AFSP ACE(5) SS6 - Sensor Tasking Change from AFSPACE(6) S S55 - Request for Launch Ampli fy ing Information to AFSP ACE(7) S S2 - RSO Orbital P arameters from AFSPACE(8 ) S S1 - Raw or Processed Observati on from RSO Sensor(8 ) SS17 - M iss Pass Info rmation from RSO Sensor(8 ) SS 33 - POS/ NEG Report to AFSP ACE(9 ) SS3 - ELSET 1 Noti fi cat io n from AFSP ACE(1 0) SS15 - Satellit e Ca talog Act ion fro m AFSP ACE(11) SS21 - Terminate Anchor A lert from AFSPACE
Flow:UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
May trigger an RA
USSPACECOM Assess and Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch IFD
National Int el/CIC
Missile Sensor System
RS O Sensor Syst em
Fusion CenterAssess and Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch IFD
AFSPACE Assess and Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch IFD
SS2
*27
*26
*19
*18
MW 10
SS55
SS18
SS19
SS1
SS3
SS33
*28*29
*31
SS17
SS2 1
SS6
SS2
SS15
*30MW 31
Non DoD Government *32
Assess & Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch
SND C2 SPO
Operational Architecture Modeling Issues
• Many options for the modeling approach– start with subsystems– start by extending from the top C2 functions– break out by mission domains
• Key considerations– must be understandable to mission users– must lend itself to further modeling to support system
architecture and code generation
SND C2 SPO
ISC2 Architecture Evaluation
• Generate a framework for ongoing quantitative/qualitative analysis– Evaluate proposals
• Proposed system architectures• Architecture strategy with demonstration• Migration strategy and plan
– Continue architecture evaluation throughout life cycle• Determine how well the proposed architecture supports specified
quality attributes (requirements)• Illuminate points in the architecture where:
– sensitivity to various attributes exists– quality attribute tradeoffs occur
SND C2 SPO
Architecture Evaluation (concluded)
ArchitectureAttributeCategory
Architecture Attribute Rationale forConsideration
ArchitectureArtifact Used in
Evaluation
EvaluationMethod
ArchitectureTrades-off
InteroperabilityTransparent access to space data
(e.g., develop, manage and use astandard Data Access Interfacewith standard syntax foraccessessing data and metadata)
Automated access tospace data for emergingspace applications andfor virtual commandcenter concept.
Allows Joint andCoalitioninteroperability
Security: May introducesecurity challenges(e.g., classified byaggregation)
Transparent access to missile data Allows Joint andCoalitioninteroperability
Attributes Table
SND C2 SPO
Space Battle Management Core Systems(SBMCS)
SBMCS Objectives:• Provide space force status
• Space surveillance (location) feed toCommon Operational Picture
• 2D-3D Satellite orbit visualization• Satellite system status (OPSCAP)
• Provide space event impact assessmentto Joint Warfighter
• GPS Navigational Accuracy• Solar environment Forecasts/Events
• Support collaborative planning for COAdetermination
• Produce Space Tasking Orders
Technology Initiatives:• 3-tier architecture• Subscription-based brokering• Agent-based information push• Collaborative planning environment• JTA & DII COE compliance migration• Spiral development & demonstration
Overview:• Demo initial capability in JWID 99/EFX 99• Transition current 14th AF SBM to future
SBMCS• Pathfinder for N/UWSS SBM requirements and
architecture• Capability to transition to ISC2 contract
Data Set Impact AssessmentAnalysis Tools
JWID/EFXOps Event “Strings”
Space COP
Collaborative Planning
SpaceForceStatus,
Forecast,&
Events
Sensors • Mission Planning•Mission Impact• COA Planning•Space/Air Tasking
SND C2 SPO
SBMCS Software Architecture Framework
FORTE Integrating Framework
LegacyApplicationComponent
New NativeJava
Application
Java Wrapper
LegacyApplicationComponent
Web ClientUser Interface
Web ClientUser Interface
COP ClientUser Interface
ClientTier
BrokerTier
ApplicationTier
Data Sources
Java Wrapper
Legacy Apps are complete systems wrapped as componentsproviding standard component interface
Services- Directory Services- Naming Services- Apps Management- Security Services- Subscription Services- Event Management
Standard Component Interface
Agents
SND C2 SPONCA/JCS
USCINCSPACESPOC
Theater CINCSupported CINC
COMARSPACEARSPACE SOC
Enroute Air Mobiles
Reachback
ASOCCTP/CTD
Feed
CAMS
COPVTC
Threat Assess
ARSPACECOP/CTD
Feed
ASOCCTP/CTD
Feed
ACOMCop/CTD
COP/CTD
CAMS
COPVTC
Threat Assess
CWAN FeedCTD
Coalition Forces
DeployedJTF
NAVSPACECOMNAVSPACE SOC
ASPADOCCMOC/1CACS
AFSPACECOP/CTD
Feed
COMAFSPACEAFSPACE SOC
1CACS LAN
USSPACECOM COP/CTD
NAVSPACECOP/CTD
Feed
AFSPACECOP/CTD
Feed
SBMCSSDS
OSW
Enterprise DB
Space Sensors
Data Standards
Data Sharing
Integrated Tools
Migration of Space Architecture
SND C2 SPOShared Early Warning Elements
?
USA RF (JWC)RF (NWC)
ISREALJAPAN
NATO
S KOREA
CENTCOM OTHERS
MISSILE WARNING
MISSILE WARNING CENTER
THREAT-BASEDREAL WORLD EVENTS
PRE-LAUNCHNOTIFICATION
www
TREATY BASEDPRE-EVENT
PROMOTE SECURITY INTERESTS - ENHANCE STRATEGIC/TACTICAL STABILITYPROMOTE SECURITY INTERESTS - ENHANCE STRATEGIC/TACTICAL STABILITY
Verification/Validation
SND C2 SPO
Impact of evolving standards
• UML– Needed to sell concept of Use Cases– Waiting for XMI support for exchange among tools
• CORBA– Real Time, Fault tolerance, load balancing, security– Component model– Asynchronous messaging
• JTA– Phase out legacy standards (message sets, link protocols)– Additions (emerging standards)
• QoS (RSVP, diffserv, 802.1p)• Astro standards• Policy-based infrastructure
– Space C2 subdomain annex?– USSPACECOM/J6N Joint Interoperbility Portfolio (JIP)
SND C2 SPO
Defining and managing architectures
• Government to provide– Target Ops Arch (2005-2010)– Initial Tech Arch
• Proposals to provide– System Architecture
• Post Contract Award– Contractor to maintain and evolve Sys and Tech Arch– Subject to Govt approval– Expect to form an Architecture IPT to consider outside
influences (AC2ISRC, GNIE, …)
SND C2 SPO
For further information
• Maj LeRoy Pedone ([email protected])• Loring Bernhardt ([email protected])• Paul Denning ([email protected])