Upload
southpaw22
View
128
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
INTEGRATED PLANT INTEGRATED PLANT NUTRITION SYSTEMNUTRITION SYSTEM
(IPNS)(IPNS)
ANIL SHARMAGENERAL MANAGER MARKETING
NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LIMITED
Agricultural Growth (%)
5.7
3.2
1.3
4.7
2.1 2.3
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0G
row
th (
%)
6th
pla
n(8
0-85
)
7th
pla
n(8
5-90
)
An
nu
al(9
0-92
)
8th
pla
n(9
2-97
)
9th
pla
n(9
7-02
)
10th
pla
n(0
2-07
)
Fertilizer Consumption
Year
Consumption
N P2O5 K2O Total
‘000 tonnes Kg/ha
1950-51 55.0 8.8 6.0 69.8 0.49
1955-56 107.5 13.0 10.3 130.8 0.89
1965-66 574.8 132.5 77.3 784.6 9.40
1975-76 2148.6 466.8 278.3 2893.7 16.89
1985-86 5660.8 2005.2 808.1 8474.1 47.48
1995-96 9822.8 2897.5 1155.8 13876.2 74.02
2005-06 12723.3 5203.7 2413.3 20340.3 106.69
2006-7(P) 13774.1 5543.3 2334.8 21652.2 113.4
Fertilizer Imports
Year Urea DAP MOP1990-91 - 2.2(51) 2.1
1995-96 3.8(21) 1.5(29) 2.4
1990-00 0.5(3) 3.3(48) 3.0
2000-01 - 0.9(15) 2.6
2005-06 2.1(7) 2.4(36) 4.6
2006-07 4.7(19) 2.9(40) 3.4
2007-08* 7.0 3.0** 3.5
(million tonnes)
*=Estimated, **=Includes MAP, ( )= %age of total consumption
Increasing Fertilizer SubsidyYear Total subsidy
(Rs billion)
1992-93 61.36
1995-96 67.35
1998-99 113.87
2000-01 138.00
2003-04 118.47
2004-05 158.79
2005-06 184.60
2006-07 259.52
2007-08 305.01
2008-09(estimated) 1150
Declining Crop Response Period Kg food grains per kg
nutrients(NPK)
5th Plan(1974-79) 15.0
8th Plan(1992-79) 7.5
9th Plan(1997-02) 7.0
10th Plan(2002-07) 6.5
11th Plan(2007-12) 6.0
Nutrient Consumption RatioYear N P2O5 K2O
1951-52 7.9 0.9 1.01961-62 8.9 2.2 1.01971-72 6.0 1.9 1.01981-82 6.0 1.9 1.01991-92 6.0 2.9 1.02000-01 7.0 2.7 1.02004-05
5.7 2.2 1.0
2006-07 5.9 2.1 1.0
Ideal Ratio : 4.0 : 2.0 : 1.0
Soil Fertility Status of Indian Soils
Nutrient Soil fertility statusNitrogen Low in 228 districts, medium 118 districts, high in
18 districts
Phosphorus Low in 170 districts, medium 184 districts, high in 17 districts
Potassium Low in 47 districts, medium 192 districts, high in 122 districts
Sulphur Deficiency in 100-120 districts
Magnesium Deficiency in Kerala, very acidic soils other southern states.
Zinc 50 % of 150.000 soil sample found deficient.
Iron Upland calcareous soils for rice, groundnut & sugarcane found deficient
Boron Part of Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal
Food-grain production Vs. Fertilizer use
0
50
100
150
200
250
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2005 2006 2007
Year
Fo
od
gra
ins
(Mt)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Fer
tili
zer
use
(M
t)
Food-grains(Mt) Fertilizer use (Mt)
IPNS Concept
The basic concept of Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) is : “The management of all available plant nutrients sources, both organic and inorganic,to provide optimum and sustainable crop production conditions within the prevailing farming system”
Objectives
To improve soil productivity. To improve the stock of plant nutrients in
the soil. To improve the efficiency of plant
nutrients and limiting losses to environment.
To improve the physical conditions of soils.
Approach
In IPNS an appropriate combination of mineral fertilizers, organic manures, crop residues, compost, N-fixing crops and Biofertilisers is used according to the local ecological conditions, land use system and the individual farmer’s social and economical conditions
Four Themes of IPNS
On-site resource generation
Off-site resource mobilization
Resource integration
Resource management
Why IPNS ?Fertilizer use is inadequate, imbalanced, non integrated and poorly managed.
Neither chemical fertilizers alone nor the organic sources exclusively can achieve the production sustainability under highly intensive cropping system.
The interaction advantage of combined use of organics and inorganic have been well established.
IPNS is helpful in arresting the emerging deficiency of nutrients other than N, P and K.
Improve the physical, chemical and biological environment of soils and bring economy and efficiency in fertilizer use.
IPNS concept is economic and environmental friendly.
Elements of IPNS Natural resources
– Soil supply, water supply, deposition by rains. Organic nutrient sources
– Crop residues– Green manure– Biofertilisers– Organic matter– Organic waste
Mineral Resources– Inorganic fertilizers
Sources of NutrientsComponent Main effect Other effects
Fertilizers Concentrated source
No micronutrients
Organic manure Less Nutrients Improve soil conditions.
Green manures N-source from atmosphere
Crop competition w.r.t time and space
Crop residues Source of K Improves soil conditions
Biofertilisers N-fixers & P solubilizers
Enzymes and vitamins are added
Organic Sources
Animal dung, Human excreta, plants residue and city compost.
Organic sources requires decomposition for nutritional benefits.
Organic sources are neither nutrient nor in concentrated form.
C:N Ratio decides the availability. Organic nutrient potentials in India is about 17
million tones of NPK.
Chemical Composition of Organic Sources
Organic Source Primary Nutrient (%)
N P K
FYM 1.0 0.5 0.9
Poultry 1.9 1.9 1.6
Human excreta 1.6 0.5 0.5
City compost 1.5 0.5 1.0
Wheat straw 0.6 0.1 1.6
Effect of FYM Use on Wheat Yield
0
10
20
30
40
1 5 15 25
5 years' moving average
Gra
in y
ield
(q
/ha)
100 % NPK 100 % NPK+LIME 100 % NPK+ FYM
Effect of FYM Use on Maize Yield
0
15
30
45
60
1 5 15 25
5 years' moving average
Gra
in y
ield
(q
/ha)
100 % NPK 100 % NPK+LIME 100 % NPK+ FYM
Long Term Experiment
Crop Season Yield (t ha-1)
Control 100% N 100% NPK
100% NPK+FYM
Maize Kharif 1.1 2.6 3.6 4.7
Rice Rabi 1.0 1.8 2.6 3.4
Effect of balanced use of nutrients and INM on crop yield (t ha-1) after 25 years under long term fertility experiments at Hyderabad
Cropping system, Location, soil
Initial SOC(%)
SOC(%) after 20 years of cropping
Control NPK NPK +FYM
Rice-rice, Bubaneswar, 0.27 0.41 0.59 0.79
Rice-wheat, Pantnagar, 1.48 0.50 0.95 1.51
Rice-wheat, Faizabad, 0.37 0.19 0.40 0.50
Rice-wheat-jute, Barrackpore, 0.71 0.42 0.45 0.52
Rice-wheat-cowpea, Pantnagar
1.48 0.60 0.90 1.44
Maiz-wheat, Palampur, 0.79 0.62 0.83 1.20
Fallow-rice-wheat, Karnal, Alkali soil
0.23 0.30 0.32 0.35
Cotton-cotton, Nagpur, 0.41 --- --- 0.55
Cassava, Trivandrum, 0.70 0.26 0.60 0.98
Effect of long term application of FYM on soil Organic Carbon Content
Bio Fertilizers
Live preparations of microorganisms, alone or in combination, which increase crop productivity by way of helping in biological nitrogen fixation, solublization of insoluble plant nutrients, stimulating plant growth or decomposition of plant residues
Importance of Biofertilizers Potential source of nutrients Cheap Environment friendly Required in less amount Easy in handling and application Give long term benefits
Biofertilizers
Nitrogen fixing Phosphate mobilizing
Symbiotic
Nonsymbiotic Phosphate Solubilizer
Phosphate Absorber
Rhizobium Azospirillum
Azolla Azotobacter Bacillus Mycorrhiza
Acetobacter Pseudomonas Ecoto
BGA Aspergillus Endo
Penicillium VAM
Fertilizer Equivalent of Organic and Biofertilisers
Component Input Level Nutrient
Organic manure (FYM)
Per tonne 3.5 kg N
Green manure Per tonne 50.60 kg N in paddy
Rhizobium Inoculants 19-22 kg N
Azotobactor Inoculants 20 kg N
Blue green algae 10 kg/ha 20-30 kg N
Azolla 6-12 t/ha 3-4 kg N/t
Sugarcane trash 5 t/ha 12 kg N/t
Rice straw +water hyacinth
5 t/ha 29 kg N/t
Green Manuring
Practice of soil incorporation of any field
or forage crop while green or soon after
flowering for the purpose of soil
improvement
Effect of Green ManureTreatment Green matter
(q/ha)N addition
(kg/ha)
Dhaincha (control) 174.5 55.8
Dhaincha (50% N) 178.0 58.7
Dhaincha (100% N) 178.5 62.4
Greengram (control) 51.0 21.2
Greengram (50 N) 55.0 23.4
Greengram (100% N) 56.0 24.7
CROP RESIDUE
Crop residue, In general, are plant parts left in the field after harvesting/threshing of crops.
Crop Residue includes
• Straw
• Chaff grains
• Roots
• Foliage
CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Residue Burning
Incorporation
Direct drilling in surface residues (Mulching)
Residue removing/ composting/ cattle feed
Residue removing for industrial uses
Effect of Wheat crop residue on Rice
Treatment Grain yield (t/ha)
Straw yield (t/ha)
Incorporation 5.14 6.30
Burning 4.78 6.06
Removal 4.70 6.03
CD (0.05) 0.26 0.23
Sharma (1998)
Nutrient Availability Projections From Organic Resources
Resource 2005 2010 2025
Nutrients in mt (N+P+K)
Human excreta
2.0 2.24 2.60
Livestock dung
6.64 7.0 7.54
Crop residues
6.21 7.10 10.27
Conclusion
In view of the advantages, it is highly desired to promote balanced, efficient and environmentally sound Integrated Plant nutrient system employing both
organic and inorganic sources of nutrients and bio-cultures at the
farm and community level.