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2019 Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab

Annual Report (2018-2019)

Center for International Research, Education, and Development

Outreach and International Affairs | Virginia Tech

526 Prices Fork Road | Blacksburg, VA 24061 | ipmil.cired.vt.edu | rmuni@vt.edu | 540-231-3516

Funded by the United States Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-L-15-00001.

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Management Entity

R. Muniappan Director Amer Fayad Associate Director Zara Shortt Financial Coordinator Sara Hendery Communications Coordinator

USAID John Bowman AOR, IPM IL

Technical Advisory Committee Lawrence Datnoff - Chair Louisiana State University Dely Gapasin World Bank (Retired) Glen Hartman USDA-ARS Srinivasan Ramasamy AVRDC/World Vegetable Center Sunday Ekasi icipe

WHO WE ARE

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U.S. Partners

Cornell University, Louisiana State University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of California – Davis, Virginia State University, Virginia Tech, Washington State University, University of Virginia, North Carolina State University.

U.S. Governmental Agencies

USAID, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).

International Agricultural Research Centers

French National Institute for Agricultural Research, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), International Development Enterprises (iDE).

WHERE WE WORK

PROGRAM PARTNERS

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BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Bt Bacillus thuringiensis CARDI Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute CEDAC Cambodian Center for Study and Development in Agriculture CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CIRAD Agricultural Research for Development FAW Fall Armyworm EPIC Ecologically Based Participatory IPM Package for Rice in Cambodia iDE International Development Enterprises icipe International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology IITA International Institute for Tropical Agriculture INRA French National Institute for Agricultural Research IPM IL Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab IRRI International Rice Research Institute KAVES Kenya Agricultural Value Chain Enterprises KALRO Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization NARC Nepal Agricultural Research Council NGO Non-governmental Organization PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safe Use Action Plan RUA Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia SOFRI Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Vietnam SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania TAC Technical Advisory Committee USAID United States Agency for International Development VT Virginia Tech

ACRONYMS

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Who we are ..................................................................................................................................... 2

Technical Advisory Committee ...................................................................................................... 2

Where we work ............................................................................................................................... 3

Program Partners ............................................................................................................................. 3 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 5

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 6

Articles ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Program Activities and Highlights................................................................................................ 10

Key Accomplishments .................................................................................................................. 10

FY 2019 Performance ................................................................................................................... 11

Invasive Species Modeling for South American Tomato Leafminer and Groundnut Leafminer . 14 Vegetable Crops and Mango IPM in Asia .................................................................................... 16

IPM for Vegetable Crops in East Africa ....................................................................................... 20

Modeling for Biodiversity and Climate Change ........................................................................... 23

IPM for Exportable Fruit Crops in Vietnam ................................................................................. 29 IPM for Rice, Maize, and Chickpea in East Africa ...................................................................... 33

Biological Control of the Invasive Weed Parthenium hysterophorus in East Africa ................... 39

Ecologically-based Participatory IPM Packages for Rice in Cambodia (EPIC) .......................... 42

Human and Institutional Capacity Development .......................................................................... 45

Short-term Training ................................................................................................................... 45 Long-Term Training .................................................................................................................. 57

Innovation Transfer and Scaling Partnerships .......................................................................... 64

Environmental Management and Mitigation Plan (EMMP) ..................................................... 65

Open Data Management Plan .................................................................................................... 65 Governance and Management Entity Activity .......................................................................... 65

Other Topics .............................................................................................................................. 65

Issues ......................................................................................................................................... 66

Future Directions ....................................................................................................................... 66 Success Stories .............................................................................................................................. 67

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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In FY 2019, the IPM Innovation Lab concentrated on developing technologies and management options for fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Africa and Asia. This pest was introduced to Nigeria by accident in early 2016, and by 2017, it had reached most of sub-Saharan Africa. In May 2018, it was detected in the Sivamogga hills in the southern part of India. Since then, it has spread to Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan. The IPM IL addresses fall armyworm with emphasis on biological control, integrating it with other compatible technologies. Currently, steps are being taken to multiply and field release two naturalized parasitoids in Asia and Africa, Trichogramma spp. (Hym: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus remus Nixon (Hym.: Platygastridae), both known to be effective in suppressing the population of FAW in Central and South America.

IPM IL has continued to transfer technologies developed within its eligible host countries to the rest of the globe by participating in and organizing symposia and workshops in national, regional, international conferences and meetings. In October 2018, IPM IL participated in the international workshop on FAW management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. At the same time, surveys were conducted in maize fields in Ethiopia and the occurrence of the egg parasitoid, T. remus on eggs of FAW was confirmed. An awareness workshop on possible invasion of FAW into Nepal was conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal in November 2018. Based on the unconfirmed reports of the occurrence of FAW in Nepal in May 2019, IPM IL participated in an awareness and management workshop organized by the USAID mission in Nepal.

To expedite implementation of augmentative biological control of FAW in the IPM IL host countries, a workshop on laboratory production and field release of the egg parasitoids, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) and T. remus was conducted at icipe in Nairobi, Kenya for the national scientists and technicians from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania in February 2019. Another workshop to train the scientists and technicians from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, and Vietnam on laboratory production and field release of egg parasitoids, Trichogrammatoidea armigera Nagaraja (Hym: Trichogrammatidae) and T. remus and larval parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym: Braconidae) was conducted at ICRISAT station in Niamey, Niger. A manual on laboratory production of egg parasitoids was prepared and distributed widely to all interested parties.

Natural enemies of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), namely, the leaf feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Col.: Chrysomelidae) and the stemboring weevil, Listronotus setosipennis (Hustache) (Hym.: Curculionidae), released in Ethiopia have established in the field in some provinces.

IPM IL conducted Tuta absoluta awareness workshops at Ho Chi Minh City and Ha Noi in Vietnam. It has been determined that in Asia the main mode of transfer of Tuta absoluta from one major tomato producing area to the other in a country or to neighboring countries with contiguous land mass is through shipment of infested tomato fruits.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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A private company, Agribusiness Associates, was commissioned to take up an exploratory study for possible privatization of production or import and sale of IPM tools in Cambodia and Ethiopia.

In November 2018, an external evaluation team was set up to review the IPM IL and the report was submitted to USAID in January 2019. In September 2019, Technical Advisory Committee and Program Planning Committee meetings were held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

A special issue of the journal Crop Protection with 16 articles prepared by the collaborating scientists in the IPM IL was prepared. In addition, several articles published in other journals and presentations in workshops and conferences are listed in the individual project reports. Individual project reports also list achievements made in them.

The Management Entity participated in most of the annual planning meetings of the individual projects.

• Abating the Invasive Parthenium Weed to Improve Livestock Health. Agrilinks • Study on Push-Pull Technology Shows Valuable Links to Women's

Empowerment. Agrilinks. • Modeling and Managing Invasive Species in the Developing World. GAP Report. • Call for fighting the scourge of "Farmasissa" in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Herald. • Symposium: "Management of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frujiperda" IPPC 2019,

Hyderabad, India. IAPPS. 8-17-19 • IPPC 2019 Symposium: Management of the South American Tomato Leafminer Tuta

absoluta. IAPPS. 8-17-19 • OPINION: Harmful invasive species are on the move, we need a global alliance to stop

them. Thomson Reuters Foundation News. 8-7-19 • Training an army of giants for the biological control of fall armyworm. ICRISAT

Happenings Newsletter. 8-10-19 • Report: Reaching Every Corner of the World with Sustainable Solutions. Food Tank. 7-

23-19 • Virginia Tech: A Global Land-Grant University Serving the World. The World Food

Prize. 7-15-19 • Cross-Border Technology Transfer: Biological Control of the Fall Armyworm in Asia

and Africa. Agrilinks. 7-15-19 • IPM Innovation Lab Conducts Virus Disease Workshop in Nepal. IAPPS Newsletter. 7-

15-19 • IPM Innovation Lab Helps Uganda and Kenya Secure Permits to Fight Invasive

Weed. Agrilinks. 7-12-19 • Current distribution range of the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma

bicolorata on Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal. IOBC Newsletter. 6-28-19

ARTICLES

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• Big problems, little solutions. Virginia Tech Global. 6-12-19 • New Guide Details Pest-Management Practices for Longan. Entomology Today. 6-5-19 • New research on sustainable agriculture shows why farmers adopt or dismiss nontoxic

farming methods. VT News. 5-22-19 • Agri-business Blooms out of Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab

Partnership. Agrilinks. 5-9-19 • Why IPM Adoption if Lower in Developing Countries. Entomology Today. 5-7-19 • Enhancing the Private Sector: Two Teams Collaborate for a Common Goal. Agrilinks. 4-

11-19 • Regional teamwork urged for crop pest. China Daily. 4-08-19 • Virginia Tech taps text message services to assist farmers in developing countries. VT

News. 4-1-19 • Stakeholders Meet in Nepal to Develop Action Plan against the Fall Armyworm. IAPPS.

3-29-19 • Program prepares farming communities in Nepal for impacts of a changing climate. VT

News. 3-25-19 • Gender Research in IPM: Women's Empowerment as a Key to Unlocking Food

Security. Agrilinks. 3-22-19 • Gender Research in IPM: Women's Empowerment as a Key to Unlocking Food

Security. Entomology Today. 3-15-19 • Be Careful with Invasive Pests. Nepal. 3-6-19 • Celebrating Women in Science: Eight Women Breaking Ground in Agriculture. Food

Tank. 2-11-19 • Knowledge Management: Online and Offline Tools for Global Success. Agrilinks. 1-29-

19 • Nigeria maize production falls as army-worms attack farmlands, spends $532.1 million

on importation. Naija News. 12-26-18 • A Dangerous Pest is on its way to Nepal. Spotlight Magazine. 12-9-18 • Global Agricultural Productivity Report enables Virginia Tech College of Agriculture

and Life Sciences to expand its global reach. VT News. 12-2-18 • Entomologist from Vietnam gains global perspective at Virginia Tech. VT News. 11-27-

18 • Virginia Tech teams up with researchers in Niger to improve livelihoods. VT News. 11-

26-18 • Not Just Maize: Africa's Fall Armyworm Crisis Threatens Sorghum, Other Crops,

Too. Prevention Web. 11-21-18 • Not Just Maize: Africa's Fall Armyworm Crisis Threatens Sorghum, Other Crops,

Too. Entomology Today. 11-20-18 • Virginia Tech to host gender and international development conference. VT News. 10-

29-18 • Value-Added Food and Processes: Biocontrol Opens New Prospects in the

Sahel. Agrilinks. 10-24-18 • Agrilinks Young Scholars Blog Contest: We Have a Winner! Agrilinks. 10-16-18 • Training on Trichoderma and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. IAPPS. 10-1-18

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• Professor awarded for research contributions and four decades of service. VT News. 10-2-18

• How Science and Extension Services Benefit from International Collaboration. Agrilinks. 9-24-18

• Virginia Tech researchers make small discovery that could keep millions from going hungry. VT News. 9-14-18

• Male Out-Migration: A Change in Households, a Change in Public Spaces. Agrilinks. 9-19-18

• Fighting Nature with Nature: Scientists Mobilize Biological Control Against Devastating Fall Armyworm. Prevention Web. 9-11-18

• Fighting Nature with Nature: Scientists Mobilize Biological Control Against Devastating Fall Armyworm. Entomology Today. 9-11-18

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Activities:

Major program activities included scaling up of implementation of IPM packages for fruit crops in Vietnam; vegetable crops in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, and Tanzania; maize and chickpea in Ethiopia; maize in Kenya; and rice and maize in Tanzania. Development of an augmentative biological control program for FAW in Africa and Asia.

Highlights:

• Conducted FAW awareness and management workshops in Nepal and T. absoluta awareness workshops in Vietnam.

• Conducted rearing and release of egg and larval parasitoids of FAW for scientists and technicians from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania, and Vietnam.

• A manual for production of egg parasitoids of FAW was prepared. • An external evaluation report of IPM IL was prepared. • A plant virus disease diagnostics workshop was conducted in Nepal. • A private company to explore privatization of IPM tools in Cambodia and Ethiopia was

commissioned. • A special issue of Crop Protection journal containing 16 articles from IPM IL was

published.

• Preparation of External Evaluation report of IPM IL. • Creation of awareness on impending danger of invasion of T. absoluta into Vietnam. • Creation of awareness and preparation for invasion of FAW in Nepal. • Training scientists and technicians from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal,

Tanzania, and Vietnam in rearing and release of parasitoids of FAW. • Prepared a booklet on laboratory production and field release of FAW parasitoids in

Africa. • Prepared a report on production and use of cocopeat and Trichoderma in Bangladesh,

India, and Nepal. • Conducted virus disease diagnostics workshop in Nepal. • Prepared a brochure on management of T. absoluta in Bangladesh. • Scaling up of implementation of IPM packages for various crops in host countries. • Supported over 43 graduate students. • Production and distribution of several success stories. • Published over 46 peer-reviewed articles.

PROGRAM ACTIVITIES AND HIGHLIGHTS

KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS

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Many accomplishments and points of progress mark FY 2019, including:

• The spread of Tuta absoluta in Southeast Asia has been modeled—as a spin-off from this work, the USDA has approved a project modeling different modes of spread in the continental U.S. in the event that the pest is introduced in the future.

• Scaling of bagging mango fruits to control fruit fly infestation in Bangladesh and Vietnam.

• Scaling of control of witches’ broom syndrome on longan by pruning and application of sulfur in Vietnam, which resulted in increased yields and quantity exported.

• Scaling of sleeving of dragon fruit at the flowering stage to control canker disease and fruit flies in Vietnam, which resulted in production of quality fruits without pesticide residue and halted the rejection of exported fruits. Mostly women were involved in the sleeving operation.

• Scaling of technologies that replace use of chemical pesticides for control of Tuta absoluta in Nepal led to production of tomatoes without pesticide residue. It also increased tomato yields and reduced environmental and health issues.

• Awareness and management workshops were conducted in Nepal to alert government officials and public about the impending invasion of the fall armyworm. As a result, the government of Nepal has established a taskforce to address this issue.

• Two Tuta absoluta awareness workshops were conducted in Vietnam to alert quarantine and crop protection officials about its invasion in the near future.

• Two workshops were conducted to train scientists from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania, and Vietnam on laboratory rearing and release of the egg parasitoids, Trichogramma spp. and Telenomus remus for control of fall armyworm.

• Validating Push-pull technique for control of stemborers and fall armyworm in maize fields in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, which involves intercropping of maize with Desmodium sp. and planting Brachiaria sp.

• Release and field establishment of natural enemies of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus, namely, the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata and the stem-boring weevil Listronotus setosipennis in some provinces of Ethiopia. Key Successes:

• Identification of two egg parasitoids of FAW in Africa and Asia, considered very effective, achieved due to collaborative work between scientists from ICRISAT, icipe, and IPM Innovation Lab.

• Development of laboratory culturing procedures for fall armyworm parasitoids at icipe laboratory in Kenya and ICRISAT laboratory in Niger. These laboratories provided training in rearing and release of the parasitoids to scientists from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania, and Vietnam.

• Field establishment of the natural enemies of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus, namely, the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata and the stem-

FY 2019 PERFORMANCE

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boring weevil Listronotus setosipennis in some provinces of Ethiopia in collaboration with national and provincial government institutions and private organizations.

• Widespread adoption of bagging mango fruits for control of fruit flies in Bangladesh and Vietnam in collaboration with government institutions and farmers.

• Creating favorable conditions for private companies to participate in sale of IPM tools such as cocopeat, Trichoderma spp., pheromone lures, traps and biopesticides in Nepal and Cambodia.

• Scaling of implementation of IPM packages for fruit crops in Vietnam; vegetable crops in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, and Tanzania; rice in Cambodia and Tanzania; maize in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania; and chickpea in Ethiopia in collaboration with national and provincial governments, value chain projects, agrovets, private companies, and farmers.

• The release of indigenous predatory bug Nesidocores tenuis along with insectary plants is very promising for tomato crop protection in net houses in Africa.

• Bt eggplant grafting with BARI eggplant-8 performed best in farmers’ field in Bangladesh.

• Fruit retention was significantly higher in Beauveria-treated mango in Bangladesh. Challenges:

• Delays in receiving funds from USAID in the beginning of the fiscal year. • Some host country collaborators are involved in many activities and are not able to

allocate sufficient time for IPM Innovation Lab activities. An example is the Vegetable Crops IPM project in Ethiopia Principal Investigator from Hawassa University.

Lessons Learned:

• Climate matching is essential for field establishment of natural enemies of P. hysterophorus.

• Modeling is important for prediction of spread of invasive species, risk assessment, and developing management actions.

• Importance of private sector involvement in sale and distribution of IPM tools such as cocopeat, Trichderma spp., biopesticides, pheromone lures, and traps.

• Involvement of public and private institutions in production and distribution of natural enemies of insect pests, diseases, and weeds.

• Active collaboration with international organizations is vital. • In the push-pull technique, Brachiaria does not pull FAW moths, but Desmodium has

some repellency.

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Description of Expected FY 2020 Activities:

• The invasive species fall armyworm (FAW) invaded IPM Innovation Lab (IPM IL) host countries in East Africa in early 2017, Bangladesh in 2018, and Nepal, Cambodia, and Vietnam in 2019. The IPM IL explored different options to manage this pest and selected biological control as it is socially acceptable, effective, economical, and safe for human health and environment. While not ignoring other options, IPM IL surveyed for local natural enemies recruited by this invaded pest in Africa and Asia and found three egg parasitoids and four larval parasitoids. Of these, the egg parasitoids Telenomus remus, Trichogramma pretiosum, and Trichogramma mwanzai have proven to be effective in controlling FAW. A laboratory mass rearing technique for these parasitoids using grain moth, Corcyra cephalonica has been developed. Scientists from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, and Vietnam have already been trained on the technique. Initial field release and evaluation of the efficacy of these parasitoids has already begun in Kenya and Tanzania. Currently, IPM IL is working with the host countries in setting up nucleus and satellite parasitoid rearing centers for release of the parasitoids throughout each country. These parasitoids will not only control FAW but also other caterpillar pests in the fields.

• Validating push-pull technology for control of FAW in the maize fields recommended by icipe as the previously recommended Brachiaria in the sysem does not attract FAW.

• Scaling up use of Trichoderma in vegetable crop fields in Kenya and Tanzania, chickpea fields in Ethiopia, and rice in Cambodia.

• Release of natural enemies of P. hysterophorus in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda and establishing them in the fields in different parts of these countries.

• Scale up mango bagging in Bangladesh and Vietnam.

• Scale up vegetable crop IPM packages implementation in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya, Nepal, and Tanzania.

• Scale up rice IPM packages in Cambodia and Tanzania.

• Scale up raised bed planting technology to control fungal diseases of chickpea in Ethiopia.

• Develop models for possible pathways of spread of Tuta absoluta in Cambodia and Vietnam.

• Identify invasion pattern of the exotic weeds, Parthenium hysterophorus, Chromolaena odorata, Ageratina adenophora, Lantana camara and Mikania micrantha in Nepal.

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PI: Abhijin Adiga, University of Virginia Collaborators: Abhijin Adiga, Young Yun Chung Baek, Madhav Marathe, Joseph McNitt, and Henning Mortveit, University of Virginia, USA; Thierry Brévault and Anaïs Chailleux, Cirad-Biopass, Dakar, Senegal; Desneux, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), and Mateus Ribeiro de Campos, INRA, France

Activities: We developed a network-based propagation model to study the spread of invasive species. We applied it to study the possible spread of T. absoluta in the region of South East Asia. This stochastic, spatially-explicit model captures the pathways of natural and human-mediated spread. It was applied to study the invasion dynamics of T. absoluta with a focus on the region of South and Southeast Asia comprising of 10 countries: Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. Our analysis, with respect to historical invasion records, indicates two possibilities of spread of T. absoluta in Bangladesh, one where trade is the dominant pathway and the other where it is not. Novel machine learning techniques were applied for parameterization, capturing variability in model outcomes and sensitivity analysis. Publications:

Invasive Species Modeling for South American Tomato Leafminer and Groundnut Leafminer

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Sylla, S., T. Brévault, L.S. Monticelli, K. Diarra, and N. Desneux, 2019. Geographic variation of host preference by the invasive tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta: implications for host range expansion. Journal of Pest Science, 1-10.

McNitt J., Y.Y. Chungbaek, H. Mortveit, M. Marathe, M.R. Campos, N. Desneux, T. Brévault, R. Muniappan and A. Adiga. 2019. Assessing the multi-pathway threat from an invasive agricultural pest: Tuta absoluta in Asia, 286, Proc. R. Soc. B

Venkatramanan, S., S. Wu, B. Shi, A. Marathe, M. Marathe, S., Eubank, L.P. Sah, A.P. Giri, L.A. Colavito, K.S. Nitin, V. Sridhar, R. Asokan, R., Muniappan, G. Norton, and A. Adiga. 2019. Modeling commodity flow in the context of invasive species spread: Study of Tuta absoluta in Nepal, Crop Protection (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.02.012.

Abhijin Adiga, S Venkatramanan, S Wu, M Marathe, S Eubank, L P Sah, A P Giri, L A Colavito, and R Muniappan. Understanding the role of seasonal food trade networks in invasive species spread. In SIAM Network Science, 2019.

Presentations:

Adiga, A. Network Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India, November 2019. Adiga, A. Modern AI Techniques to Understand the Spatio-temporal Spread of Invasive Alien Plants: Approaches and Challenges, International Plant Protection Congress, Hyderabad, India, November 2019. Adiga, A. Modeling the multi-pathway spread of agricultural pests using network science, International Plant Protection Congress, Hyderabad, India, November, 2019. Adiga, A. Understanding the Role of Seasonal Food Trade Networks in Invasive Species Spread, SIAM Network Science, Snowbird, Utah, May 2019. Adiga, A. How to stop an epidemic? Networked dynamical systems, games and near-optimal algorithms, Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad, October 2018. Adiga, A. Multi-pathway models to assess the threat of invasive species spread, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, October 2018 (invited).

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PI: George Norton, Virginia Tech

Collaborators: George W. Norton (Site Chair), Megan O’Rourke, and Maria Elisa Christie, (Virginia Tech); Edwin G. Rajotte and Cristina Rosa, Penn State; Sally Miller, Ohio State; Naidu Rayapati, Washington State; Bangladesh: Yousuf Mian, Shahadath Hossain, M.S Nahar, AKM. Qamruzzaman, and M. Masud, (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute); Nepal: Luke Colavito, Lalit Sah, Komal Pradhan, (iDE); P. Sharma and B. Mahto, National Agricultural Research Council (NARC); Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST), the Center for Environmental and Agricultural Policy Research, Extension, and Development (CEAPRED), Keshab Datta Joshi, Sunil Dhungel (Plant Protection Directorate/ Department of Agriculture), Agricare Nepal Pvt. Ltd.; Cambodia: Michael Roberts, Seng Kimhian, and An Chanratha, (iDE); Ong Socheath, Tho Kim Eang, (Royal Agricultural University).

Activities:

Cambodia – (1) Field trials for tomato IPM packages were completed with 24 cooperating farmers, 12 farmers for dry season from November 2018-March 2019 and rainy season from May to September 2019.

(2) Fifteen trials were conducted at the Royal University of Agriculture. These trials included evaluation of a) different biological and chemical controls and their combination to control insects on green Bokchoy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis), tomato, and chili pepper.

Vegetable Crops and Mango IPM in Asia

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(3) Two joint trials of the cucumber IPM package in combination with conservation agriculture for the rainy season was completed in the CE SAIN Technology Park in Siem Reap.

Bangladesh – Field trials were conducted for assessment of the performance of Bt and non-Bt eggplant under an IPM package, development of management approach for mango hopper, dissemination of a management approach for mango Fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, field validation and upscaling of management approaches against tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, and assessment of economic impacts of vegetable IPM.

Nepal – Research activities conducted were a) Testing of lures for fruitfy control on cucumber and bitter gourd, b) testing IPM packages on chili and onion, c) testing an IPM package on French beans, d) evaluating different carbon sources for anaerobic disinfestation, e) testing pest exclusion nets in polyhouse for Tuta absoluta, and f) evaluating bio-rationale management tactics against T. absoluta.

Publications:

Hossain, M. S., M.M. Hossain, M. Y. Mian, S. Akhter, and R. Muniappan. 2019. Development of Bio-rational based Management Approach against Mango hopper, Idioscopusnagpurensis (pruthi) in Bangladesh. International Journal of Biological Control. (Accepted)

Hossain, M. S., B.C. Sarkar, M.M. Hossain, M.Y. Mian, M.E. O’Rourke, E.G. Rajotte, and R. Muniappan. 2019. Comparison of Biorational Management Approaches Against Mango Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) in Bangladesh. Crop Protection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.croppro.2019.05.001

Hossain, M. S., AK Das, S. Akhter, M. Y. Mian, and R. Muniappan. 2019. Management of South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta in Bangladesh. International Journal of Biological Control. (Accepted).

Hossain, M. S., M. Y. Mian, GMA Halim, and R. Muniappan. 2019. South American Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta in Bangladesh: Meeting the Challenge. IPM IL, Bangladesh site, HRC, BARI, Gazipur-1701.

Nahar, M. S., N. Naher, M.J. Alam, M.J. Hussain, L. Yasmin, M.Y. Mian, S.A. Miller and C. Rosa. 2019. Survey, morphology and white mold disease of country bean (Lablab purpureus L.) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary in-relation to soil physico-chemical properties and weather conditions in Bangladesh. Crop Protection (Accepted) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.05.019).

Nahar M. S., M.J. Najmun Naher, M.S. Alam, M.Y. Hossain, Y. Mian and S.A. Miller. 2019. Variation in isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary causing white mold disease in Bangladesh crops. Crop Protection. 124, 104849. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104849

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Success story: Fighting Fruit flies: Bangladesh uses Common materials against a Common Pest, IPM IL, 2019.

Fact Sheet: Bio-rational Based Management approach against mango hopper in Bangladesh

Fact Sheet: Fruit Bagging: An effective eco-friendly approach for controlling mango fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

Fact Sheet: Bio-rational based IPM package for controlling South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta.

Bhandari, L. P. Sah, Y. Dhoj G.C, M. Devkota, L. A. Colavito, B.P. Rajbhandari, G. Norton, S. Miller, and R. Muniappan, 2018. Evaluation of carbon sources for anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) in tomato production in Lalitpur Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences 16:115-121.

Singh, L. P. Sah, Y. Dhoj G.C., M. Devkota, L. A. Colavito, B. P. Rajbhandari, G. Norton, E. G. Rajotte, and R. Muniappan. 2018. Evaluation of pest exclusion net to major insect pest of tomato in Kavre and Lalitpur, Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences 16:128-137.

Lamsal, A., L.P. Sah, A. Giri, M. Devkota, L.A. Colavito, G. Norton, E.G. Rajotte and R. Muniappan. 2018. Occurrence of South American tomato Leaf miner, Tuta absoluta and current management practices adopted by farmers in Lalitpur districts, Nepal. Journal of Plant protections Society of Nepal 5: 155-165.

Kadel, J., L.P. Sah, M. Devkota, L.A. Colavito, G. Norton, E.G. Rajotte and R. Muniappan. 2018. Effectiveness of different types of traps for management of Tuta absoluta in Nepal, Journal of the plant protection society, 5: 166-174.

Pokhrel, S., L.P. Sah, M. Devkota, L.A. Colavito, G. Norton and R. Muniappan 2019. Damage assessment and management strategies adopted by farmers against Tuta absoluta in tomato growing areas of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Kavre: Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences.18:54-61.

Acharya, M., R.K. Subedi, S.P. Humagain, M. Bhatta, A.S.R. Bajracharya, H.K. Shrestha, L. Sah. 2019. Fall Armyworm and its management. PQPMC/MOALD, Nepal. (Nepali Factsheet).

Knaresboro, L. 2019. Adoption Determinants and Impacts of Tuta absoluta Integrated Pest Management for Nepali Tomato Farmers, M.S. Thesis, Virginia Tech.

Paudel, S. 2019. Facing the heat: How Global Warming might Affect Tomatoes and their Interaction with Insects, Ph.D. dissertation, Penn State University.

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Paudel, S., P-A Lin, J.G. Ali, E.G. Rajotte, and G.W. Felton, 2019. Induced defenses against herbivory in cultivated wild tomato. Journal of Chemical Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-019-01090-4.

Rahman, Md.S., and G.W. Norton. 2019. Adoption and Impacts of Integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh: Evidence from Smallholder Bitter Gourd Growers, Horticulturae, in press.

Alwang, J., G. Norton, and C. Larochelle. 2019. Obstacles to Widespread Diffusion of IPM in Developing Countries: Lessons from the Field, Journal of Integrated Pest Management, in press.

Rahman, Md. S., and G. W. Norton. 2019. Farm-level impacts of eggplant integrated pest management: a stochastic frontier production function approach, International Journal of Vegetable Science, DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2019.1566188

Presentations:

Seng, K. H. 2019. Lessons learned from IPM trials, presented at Harvest II Friday talk, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, January 23, 2019.

Seng, K. H. 2019. Lessons learned from IPM trials, presented to East West Seed Company, Siem Reap, Cambodia, September 4, 2019.

Sah, L.P., L.A.Colavito, and R. Muniappan. 2018. The Threats of Fall Armyworm Invasion and Possible Impacts on Nepalese Agriculture and Redemption of The Journal of Plant Protection Society, December 13, 2018 in MOALD, Kathmandu Nepal.

Sah, L.P. D. Lamichhaney, L.A. Colavito, G. Norton, and R. Muniappan, 2019. The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiferda (J.E. Smith): Status and management options in Nepal IPPC, Nov 10-14, 2019, Hyderabad, Telangana,)

Sah, L.P., L.A. Colavito, G. Norton, and R. Muniappan, 2019. Management of the South American Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta on Tomato in Nepal (IPPC, Nov 10-14, 2019, Hyederabd, Telangana, India)

Norton, G.W. 2019. Integrated Pest Management and its Global Impacts, Royal Agricultural University, Phenom Penh, Cambodia, January 29, 2019.

Norton, G.W., R. Muniappan, and E.G. Rajotte. 2019. Challenges in Implementing Vegetable IPM in Developing Countries, Eastern Branch Entomology Society Meeting, Blacksburg, VA, March 11, 2019.

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Project PI: Luis Cañas, The Ohio State University (OSU) Collaborators: John Cardina, J. Mark Erbaugh, Matthew Kleinhenz, Sally A. Miller, Cathy Rakowski (OSU); Robert Gilbertson (UC-Davis); George W. Norton (Virginia Tech); Ferdu Azerefegne, University of Hawassa (Ethiopia); Amon P. Maerere, Hossea Mtui, Delphina Mamiro, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Peter Sseruwagi, Mikocheni Agriculture Research Institute, (Tanzania); Jesca Mbaka, Caeser Kambo, Sylvia Kuria, Kenya Agricultural andLivestock Research Organization (KALRO) (Kenya). Activities: Tanzania - Conducted short-term training of farmers and stakeholders on healthy seedling production, nursery hygiene and management, pest scouting, good agricultural practices (GAPs), and IPM of vegetable viral diseases and insect vectors. In the dry season nematode control trial, neem cake and Trichoderma reduced the populations by 51.6% compared to the control plots. The other treatments, bio-slurry and Marigold, were ineffective.

There was significant effects of location, insecticide × location and location × season on Tuta absoluta population distribution.

The population of white grubs was significantly lower in plots treated with Beauveria bassiana and Imidacloprid than in control plots. Beauveria bassiana, as a bio-agent, was found to be effective in controlling the grub.

IPM for Vegetable Crops in East Africa

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High onion yield was obtained in the plots treated with Metarhizium anisopliae compared to the untreated control. Treatment with M. anisopliae led to yields comparable (p ≤ 0.05) to the use of Imidacloprid.

Kenya - The household baseline survey carried out in Tharaka Nithi revealed the most serious diseases in tomatoes were bacterial wilt, which was mentioned by 70.9% of the respondents, followed by leaf blights (52.3%) and nematodes 29.7%. Cccording to 69.8% of the interviewed farmers, the most common tomato pests were white flies, leaf miners (64%), spider mites (52.3%), and Tuta absoluta (36%). Black rot was mentioned as a key cabbage disease by 70.2% of the respondents, while diamond back moth and aphids were important arthropod pests according to 68.4% and 59.6% of the interviewed farmers, respectively. Important French beans diseases were rust (57.1%), angular leaf spot (46.9%), and anthracnose (32.7%), while pod borer, thrips, bean fly and mites were identified by most farmers as main arthropod pests by 55.1%, 51%, 49% and 42.9% of the respondents, respectively. The majority of the farmers (86%) tended to use pesticides to manage vegetable pests, with tomato farmers applying pesticides about 17 times per growing season and spending about KES 21000.

Seven WhatsApp groups were formed by Real IPM – Kenya for training lead farmers in IPM systems and others. Images of 1,000 diseases on different vegetable crops have been collected and managed in a database, 300 have been correctly identified are are ready to be uploaded on the website, and 700 are still in the process of diagnosis.

Publications:

Mamiro, D.P., H.D. Mtui, A.P. Maerere, K.P. Sibuga, and E.R. Mgembe. 2019. Suppression of root knot nematodes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fields by using bio-pesticides. Accepted - Journal of Pests, Pesticides and Biodiversity, TPRI, Arusha, Tanzania.

Lyimo, E.S., D.P. Mamiro, P.M. Kusolwa, H.D. Mtui, and A.P. Maerere. 2019. Efficacy of selected plant extracts and bio-fungicides against Plasmodiophora brassicae causal agent of clubroot disease of cabbage. Accepted – Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, AJOL.

Kabote, S.J., D.P., Mamiro, A.P. Maerere, K.P. Sibuga, H.D. Mtui, E.R. Mgembe, M. Erbaugh, and J. Cardina. 2019. Vegetable pests and control measures in Morogoro and Iringa Regions in Tanzania: A Call for Integrated Pest Management. Accepted – African Crop Science Journal, AJOL.

Kanyagha, H., F. Rotondo, A.L. Testen, and S.A. Miller. 2018. Survey and characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum in solanaceous crops in Tanzania. Phytopathology 108: S1.128.

Kanyagha, H., F. Rotondo, D. Francis, and S.A. Miller. 2019. Resistance of solanaceous rootstocks to Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strains (abstr) Phytopathology 109: (in press).

Ngugi, C.N., J.N. Mbaka, P.N. Wachira, and S. Okoth. 2018. Laboratory screening for infectivity of selected indigenous entomopathogenic nematode isolates on Tuta absoluta in Kenya. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch Vol. 3, No. 06.

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Ngugi, C.N., S. Haukeland, P.M. Wachira, J.N. Mbaka, and S. Okoth. 2019. Morphometrics and morphological characterization of entomopathogenic nematode isolate tk1 from Kenya. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch Vol. 4, No. 02; 2019 ISSN: 2456-8643 Njenga J.K., G.K Gathungu, and J.N. Mbaka. 2019. Evaluation of plant extracts on egg hatching and juvenile mortality of French bean root-knot nematodes. African Journal of Horticultural Sciences.15: 23-30,

Testen, A. L., A. Chala, F. Azerefegne, and S. A. Miller. 2019. First report of corky root rot of tomato caused by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici in Africa. Plant Dis. 103:1032.

Presentations:

Postgraduate seminar presentation titled “Efficacy of selected plant extracts and bio-fungicides against (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) causal agent of clubroot disease of cabbage” by Emanuel Lyimo (MSc.) (8th March 2019). Suppression of root-knot nematodes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fields by using bio-pesticides. Presented at National Scientific Conference on Pests and Pesticides 27 – 29 March 2019. Vegetable smallholder farmers and pesticides retailers’ knowledge on agricultural pesticides use and handling in Tanzania. Presented at National Scientific Conference on Pests and Pesticides 27 – 29 March 2019. Kanyagha, H. Resistance of solanaceous rootstocks to Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strains. Plant Health 2019, Cleveland, OH, August 4‐7, 2019. Poster. Papers presented in the 18th Workshop on Horticultural Production in the Tropics, Taita Taveta University, Voi Kenya, 26th -30th November 2018)

Ngugi, C.N., S. Haukeland, P.M. Wachira, J.N. Mbaka, O. Sheila, H.M. Mburu. 2018. Molecular characterisation of entomopathogenic nematodes from Kenya.

Njenga, J.N., G.K. Gathungu, and J.N. Mbaka. 2018. Evaluation of plant extracts on egg hatching and juvenile mortality of French bean root-knot nematodes.

Mbaka, J.N., C. Kambo, S. Kihara, S. Kuria, B. Ndungu, S. Wepukhulu, H. Muthengi, D. Mokaya, J. Cardina, and L. Canas. 2018. Enhancing Tomato IPM Adoption through Farmer Participatory Technology Transfer in Kenya.

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PIs: Pramod Kumar Jha, Tribhuvan University, Nepal; Madhav Marathe, Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia

Activities: Spatio-temporal distribution of invasive plant species in CHAL - Methodology for spatio-temporal distribution was established and employed to determine the distribution of seven invasive alien plant species. Five invasive species (Chromolena odorata, Mikania micrantha, Lantana camara, Ageratina adenophora and Parthenium hysterophorus increased in their coverage from 1990 to 2018, whereas Ipomea coverage decreased and Eichhornea crassipes distribution was haphazard.

Modeling for Biodiversity and Climate Change

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Spatio-temporal distribution of Parthenium hysterophorus in 1990, 2000, and 2018. Validation of results obtained from Landsat and Digital globe images - Species distribution map for 2018 was developed using satellite images of Landsat and Digital globe, and it was found that results were quite close to one another in the case of Lantana and Mikania. Dr Abhijin Adiga (Biocomplexity Institute, USA) developed a distribution map of Lantana in the Tanahu area for 2018, and we validated the results in the field. We found 76.0 % accuracy of results obtained using Deep Learning approach.

Publications:

Luitel, D.R., M. Siwakoti, and P. K. Jha. 2019. Climate change and finger millet: Perception, trend and impact on yield in different ecological regions in Central Nepal. Journal of Mountain Science.16: 821-835. doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5165-1.

Sharma Paudel, A., P.K. Jha, B.B. Shrestha, and R. Muniappan, 2019. Biology and management of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora (Asteraeae): current state of knowledge and future research needs. Weed Research 59: (DOI: 10.1111/wre.1235

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Upreti, R., A.K. Shrestha, K.M. Tripathi, B. Shrestha, N. Krakauer, N.R. Devkota, P.K. Jha, and P.Thapa. 2019. Effect of fruit thinning and defoliation on yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya) cv. red lady in Chitwan. Acta Scientific Agriculture. 3: 130-136. Maharjan, S., A, Devkota, P.K, Jha, N. Krakauer, R. Muniappan, and B.B. Shrestha. 2019. Temporal and spatial patterns of research on a globally significant invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A bibliographic review. Crop Protection.

Maharjan, S., B.B. Shrestha, M.D. Joshi, A. Devkota, R. Muniappan, A. Adiga and P.K. Jha. 2019. Predicting suitable habitat of an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus under future climate scenarios in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. Journal of Mountain Science 16 (10): 2243-2256.

Khadka, S., S.K. Jha, P.K. Jha, J. Anadon, and R.A. Mandal. 2019. Nutrients content in compost from water hyacinth and its effect on germination and growth of wheat. Journal of Handayama Geography and Archaeology. 7:51-158.

Maharjan, S., and P.K. Jha. 2019. Current distribution range of the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata on Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal. IOBC Newsletter 105.

Luitel, D.R., M. Siwakoti, and P.K. Jha. 2018. Relationship between climatic variables and finger

millet yield in Syangja, Central Nepal. Journal of Forest and Livelihood.16 (2):1-13.

Bhandari, G., R.B. Thapa, Y.P. Giri, and H.K. Manandhar. 2018. Effect of planting dates of maize on the incidence of borer complex in Chitwan, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University.2:107-118. Giri, H.N., M.D. Sharma, R.B. Thapa, K.R. Pande, and B.B. Khatri. 2018. Growth, yield and post-harvest quality of late season cauliflower grown at two ecological zones of Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University. 2: 19-126. Khadka, S., K.S. Jha, P.K. Jha. 2019. Nutrients content in compost from water hyacinth and its effect on germination and growth of wheat. Journal of Handayama Geography and Archaeology No 7.

Presentations:

Gyawali, S., P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan. “Spatio-temporal distribution of

an invasive weed Chromolena odorata in Chitwan Annapurna Landsape (CHAL), Nepal”.Paper

presented in XIX International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) 2019 held on 10-14 November

2019 in Hyderabad, India.

Dhakal, S., P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan. “Spatio-temporal distribution of

an invasive weed Lantana camara in Chitwan Annapurna Landsape (CHAL), Nepal”.Paper

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presented in XIX International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) 2019 held on 10-14 November

2019 in Hyderabad, India.

Poudel, B.B. Shrestha, P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan. “Spatio-temporal

distribution of an invasive weed Ageratina adenophora in Chitwan Annapurna Landsape (CHAL),

Nepal”.Paper presented in XIX International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) 2019 held on 10-

14 November 2019 in Hyderabad, India.

Maharjan, S. A. Devkota, B.B. Shrestha, P. K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan.

“Spatio-temporal distribution of an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus and its probable

expanded habitat due to future climate change in Chitwan Annapurna Landsape (CHAL),

Nepal”.Paper presented in XIX International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) 2019 held on 10-

14 November 2019 in Hyderabad, India.

Luitel, D.R., M. Siwakoti, and P.K. Jha. 2018. “Yield variation of finger millet and buckwheat

local landraces along elevation gradient in Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal”.Paper

presented in International conference on Climate change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture

(Dec 13-16, 2018), Jorhat, Assam,India.

Luitel, D.R., M. Siwakoti, and P.K. Jha. 2019. “Climate change and its impacts on grain protein,

calcium and Iron of finger millet in Central Nepal" International Youth conference on Science,

Technology and Innovation on 21-23 October, 2019), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Maharjan, S., A. Devkota, B.B. Shrestha, P. K Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and Muniappan.

“Functional traits of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. along the elevation gradients in

central Nepal”.Paper presented in Third International Conference on Mountains in Changing

World held on 9-10 October 2018 in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Poudel, A.S., B.B. Shrestha, P.K. Jha, and R Muniappan. “Plant functional traits variation of an

invasive weed Ageratina adenophora along elevation gradients in Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape,

Nepal”.Paper presented in 3rd International Conference on “Mountains in Changing World” held

in Kathmandu on 21-23 October 2018.

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Jha, P.K., S. Maharjan, and A. S. Poudel. “Invasive alien plant species in Nepal.” Paper presented

in First International Conference on Biological Control held on 27th-29th September 2018,

Bengaluru,India.

Maharjan, S., A. Devkota, B.B. Shrestha, P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan.

“Impact of Zygogramma bicolorata on growth of Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal” Paper

presented in First International Conference on Biological Control held on 27th-29th September

2018, Bengaluru ,India.

Poudel, A.S., B.B. Shrestha, P.K. Jha, and R. Muniappan. “Functional traits variation of an

invasive weed, Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R. King and H. Robinson along elevation

gradient in Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal”. Paper presented in First International

Conference on Biological Control held on 27th-29th September 2018, Bengaluru,India.

Gyawali, S., P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, A. Devkota, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan. “Spatial-

distribution of an invasive weed Chromolena odorata in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL),

Nepal” Paper presented in International Youth conference on Science, Technology and Innovation

on 21-23 October 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal

Dhakal, S., P.K. Jha, B.B. Shrestha, K.P. Poudel, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappa.”Spatial-temporal

distribution of an invasive weed Lantana camara in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL),

Nepal”.Paper presented in International Youth conference on Science, Technology and Innovation

on 21-23 October, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Poudel, S., P.K. Jha, K P Poudel, A. Devkota, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan Spatial-temporal

distribution of an invasive weed Mikania micrantha in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL),

Nepal”.paper presented in International Youth conference on Science, Technology and Innovation

on 21-23 October, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal

Singh, A., P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, M. Siwakoti, A. Adiga and R. Muniappan. “Spatial-temporal

distribution of an invasive weed Ipomea carnea ssp fistulosa in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape

(CHAL), Nepal” Paper presented in International Youth conference on Science, Technology and

Innovation on 21-23 October 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Yonjon, H., P.K. Jha, K.P. Poudel, N.P. Ghimire, A. Adiga and R. Muniappan. Spatial-temporal

distribution of an invasive weed Eichornea crassipes in Chitwan Annapurna Landsape (CHAL),

Nepal” Paper presented in International Youth conference on Science, Technology and Innovation

on 21-23October, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Poudel, A.S., B.B. Shrestha, P. K. Jha, M.D. Joshi, and R. Muniappan. “Predicitng the present and

potential distribution of an invasive weed Ageratina adenophora in climate change

scenarios”.Paper presented in National Climate Change Conference held on December31 ,2018-

January 2,2019 in Sindhupalchowk, Kathmandu.

Luitel, D.R., M. Siwakoti, M.D. Joshi, and P.K. Jha. 2019 “Potential suitable habitat of Eleusine

coracana (L) Gaertn (Finger millet) under the climate change scenarios in Nepal using Maxent

model.” Poster presented in National Climate Change Conference on 31 Dec 2018-1 Jan 2019, at

Guphadanda, Sindhupalchok, Nepal.

Maharjan, S., A. Devkota, B.B. Shrestha, P.K. Jha, M.D. Joshi, A. Adiga, and R. Muniappan.

"Potential suitable habitat of Parthenium hysterophorus under climate change scenario in Chitwan

Annapurna Landscape, Nepal". Paper presented in National Climate Change Conference on 31

Dec 2018-1 Jan 2019, at Guphadanda, Sindhupalchok, Nepal.

Luitel, D.R., M. Siwakoti, M.D. Joshi, and P.K. Jha. “Potential suitable habitat of buckwheat

(Fagopyrum spp) under the climate change scenarios in Nepal using Maxent model”. National

Young Scientists Conference on April 23-24, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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PI: Hoa Ngyun Van, Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Vietnam Collaborators: Naidu Rayapati (Washington State University-USA), Maria Elisa Christie (Virginia Tech), Plant Protection Research Institute-Vietnam, Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute-Vietnam, Plant Protection Department-Vietnam, Nong Lam University-Vietnam, Can Tho University-Vietnam, Vietnam National University of Agriculture-Vietnam

Activities: IPM package for dragon fruit -

• Remove and compost pruned disease-infected cladodes from the field. • Set up sweet baits or protein baits for fruit flies or ant control. • Set up sticky blue or yellow traps for thrips control. • Use overhead sprinkler irrigation at flower bud stage in dry season for thrips control. • Use bio-pesticides such as Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and B.

subtilis for control of pests. • Cover flower buds (12-15 days old) with plastic sleeves to prevent canker, anthracnose

diseases.

IPM package for longan - • Enhance use of organic fertilizer or compost inoculated with Trichoderma.

IPM for Exportable Fruit Crops in Vietnam

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• Prune low longan canopy for easy management of pests and diseases. • Prune and safely dispose of shoots affected by Longan Witches’ Broom (LWB) • Apply Sulfur-containing pesticides (Kumulus 80WG) to control the eriophyid mite. • Set up light traps to monitor fruit borer and other pests. • Bag the fruit cluster 15 days after fruit set. • Set up Methyl Eugenol para-pheromone traps, sweet baits, and protein baits for control of

fruit flies. • Use BTMET commercial product for mealybug control. Use sweet baits for control of ants

associated with mealybugs. • Apply Beauveria bassiana, neem, and other bio-pesticides when needed. • Soft pesticides such as Chlorantraniliprole (Prevathon 5SC), Clothianidin (Dantotsu

50WG), Buprofezin (Applaud), and Azoxystrobin (Amistar 250SC) could be used to control mealybugs, fruit borer and fruit rot when needed.

IPM package for mango - • Prune trees for better aeration. • Sanitation - remove and properly dispose of fallen fruits from the ground. • Enhance use of organic fertilizer or compost inoculated with Trichoderma. • Set up Methyl eugenol para-pheromone traps and use protein baits for fruit fly control. • Spray Bacillus spp. for control of anthracnose and bacterial black spot diseases two days

before bagging. • Cover fruits with paper bags to prevent fruit borer, fruit flies, anthracnose and bacterial

black spot disease attack 30-45 days after fruit setting. • Use BTMET commercial product for pupal stage of thrips. • Soft pesticides such as Chlorantraniliprole (Prevathon 5SC), Clothianidin (Dantotsu

50WG), Buprofezin, Mancozeb (Dithane M45) and Azoxystrobin (Amistar 250SC) could be used as a last resort to control mealybugs, scales, thrips and mango leafhopper.

IPM package for lychee - The primary pests and diseases of lychee are stinkbug, litchi fruit borer, inchworm and powdery mildew. Among them, litchi fruit borer is the important one but its damage was at low levels in FY 2019.

Publications: Hanh, T.T.M., N.T.C. Giang, N.V. Hoa, and R. Muniappan. 2018. Study on morphology, biology of Thrips palmi and efficiency of different concentration of neem leaf extract on dragon fruit. Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology 1 (3): 108-113 (in English). Loc, H.T., L.C. Tao, N.T.C. Giang, and N.V. Hoa. 2019. Validation of artificial diets for rearing of Galleria mellonella larvae and mass multiplication of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for use in the control of fruit flies. ProceedingsInternational conference on tropical fruitpests and diseases.

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25-27 September 2018. Le Méridien, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: 128-134. Thoa, N.T.K., N.G. Kumar, and N.V. Hoa. 2019. Abundance of mesofauna on mango (Mangiferaindica L.) ecosystem in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Proceedings International conference on tropical fruit pests and diseases. 25-27 September 2018. Le Méridien, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: 66-72. Hieu, N.T., N.N.A. Thu, D.T. Linh, N.T.K. Thanh, N.V. Hoa, and R. Muniappan. 2019. Effect of various degree of canopy pruning on plant growth, yield and control of canker disease (Neoscytalidium dimidiatum) of dragon fruit crop. Proceedings International conference on tropical fruit pests and diseases. 25-27 September 2018. Le Méridien, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: 98-103. Technical handbook: Draft manual of important insects and diseases on dragon fruit crop and their management. Hanh, T., N.V. Hoa, R. Muniappan, J. Amrine, R. Naidu, R. Gilbertson, and J. Sidhu. 2019. Integrated pest management of longan (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) in Vietnam. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 10: 1-10. Duyen, L.T., L.V.Vang, and N.V. Hoa. 2019. Investigation on ladybug species composition (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on dragon fruit. Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology 8 (105): 88-92. Hanh, T.T.M., H.V. Dinh, D.Q. Chuong, and T.T.O. Yen. 2019. Efficiency of colors and shape of traps and efficacy of insecticides for controlling mango leafhoppers in field conditions. Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology 9 (105): 88-92.

Presentations:

Hieu, N.T., T.T.M. Hanh, and N.V. Hoa. 2018. Pest and disease management to promote sustainable. Agriculture for Fruit and Vegetable. Theme: Solution of sustainable development for fruit crops in Southern provinces. @ Agricultural extension forum. National Agricultural Extension Center. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vinh Long, 12/2018: 23-33 Loc, H.T. 2018. Training of Using safe and effective pesticides according to VietGAP standard (Training presentation), Cao Lanh city, Dong Thap province, October 4, 2018. Sumner, D. 2018. Gender-focused Evaluation in the IPM Innovation Lab: The Most Significant

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Change Technique and Agricultural Technology Assessment. (Training Workshop Presentation). Gender-focused evaluation Training Workshop, My Tho, VN, December 2018. Sumner, D., T.T.M. Hanh, N.T.T. Truc, M.E. Christie, N.V. Hoa. 2019. Developing gender-responsive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches in Vietnam: Lessons from a mixed-methods impact evaluation. Women and Gender in Development Conference 2019-Out of the Theory & Into the Field at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, February 2019. Hanh, T.T.M. 2019. Training of IPM on fruit crops. TOT training course for the staffs of Vinh Long Sub Plant Protection Department. Vinh Long, March 14, 2019. Hanh, T.T.M., N.T. Hieu, H.T. Loc, N.N.A. Thu, and N.V. Hoa. 2019. New pests on mango, citrus crops and Pest Integrated Management. Production Sustainable for fruit crops workshop. Tien Giang, March 28-29, 2019 Uyen D.T.K., N.T. Hieu, and N.V. Hoa. 2019. New pests on dragon fruit, durian crops and Pest Integrated Management. Production Sustainable for Fruit Crops Workshop. Tien Giang, March 28-29, 2019. Uyen, D.T.K., N.V. Hoa, and N.H. Son. 2019. The soilborn pathogen/disease problems and management strategy for fruit trees production: Experience from Vietnam. Proceeding of International workshop on "Enabling Capacity in Production and Application of Bio-pesticides and Bio-fertilizer for soil-borne disease control and organic farming at VAAS headquarter in Hanoi from 7-9 May 2019.

Hanh T.T.M., Q.D. Chuong, D.T.B. Bay, and N.V. Hoa. 2019. Oral presentation on “Study on susceptibility of longan cultivars to Longan Witches’ Broom Syndrome in Vietnam” at VI International symposium on lychee, longan and other sapindaceae fruits, Hanoi, Vietnam, 7-11 June 2019.

Hoa, N.V. 2019. Oral presentation on Review of the project “Strengthening production and export of Vietnamese fruit crops through innovative and market-orientated IPM” at VI International symposium on lychee, longan and other sapindaceae fruits, Hanoi, Vietnam, 7-11 June 2019. Loc, H.T. 2019. Poster presentation on project “Strengthening production and export of Vietnamese fruit crops through innovative and market-orientated IPM” at VI International International symposium on lychee, longan and other sapindaceae fruits, Hanoi, Vietnam, 7-11 June 2019. symposium on lychee, longan and other sapindaceae fruits, Hanoi, Vietnam, 7-11 June 2019.

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PI: Tadele Tefera, icipe, Ethiopia

Collaborators: Ethiopia: Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Bako Agricultural Research Centre, Debrezeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) of Hawassa Regional State Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Ambo University, Haramaya University, Addis Ababa University and Jimma University. Kenya: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL- Nairobi), Nakuru and Naivasha counties Department of Agriculture, AUSAID/Kenya Agricultural Value Chain Enterprises (KAVES) office; Kipkelion East Sub-County Agriculture office (Londiani). Tanzania: Agricultural Research Institute (ARI Dakawa), National Biological Control Programme (Kibaha), Sokoine University of Agriculture, University of Dar es Salaam, Real IPM. University of Minnesota.

Activities:

Chickpea - Four Tachnid species of larval parasitiods Drino sp., Goniophthalmus halli, Linnaemya cf. longirostris, Pimelimyia sp. and one ichneumonid Charops sp. emerged from chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in Tanzania.

Maize –

Fall armyworm: In 2018, seven species of egg and larval parasitoids were recovered, with Cotesia icipe (Hym. Braconidae) being the dominant larval parasitoid with percentage parasitism ranging from 16% to 42% in the three surveyed countries. In Kenya, Telenomus remus (Hym.:

IPM for Rice, Maize, and Chickpea in East Africa

34

Platygastridae) was the dominant egg parasitoid, causing up to 69.3% egg parasitism. In Tanzania, Trichogamma mwanzai (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) was parastizing over 60% of eggs of FAW. A total of 629 farmers have sensitized on push-pull technology, while one technician and three researchers from KALRO were trained by icipe on rearing and release of local bio-control agents against fall armyworm.

Termites: To reduce termite damage and to enhance maize productivity, mulching with maize stover, and intercropping of maize with soybean or Desmodium was used in termite-prone areas of western Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa.

Rice - The rice varieties TXD 306 (SARO 5) and Komboka were tolerent to Rice yellow mosaic virus, bacterial leaf blight, and rice blast diseases and yielded almost twice as that of the local variety in Tanzania.

Publications:

Journal Articles

Tefera, T., M. Goftishu, M. Ba, and R. Muniappan. 2019. A Guide to Biological Control of Fall Armyworm in Africa Using Egg Parasitoids. http://34.250.91.188:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/100 Kumela, T., E. Mendesil, B. Enchalew, M. Kassie, and T. Tefera. 2019. Effects of the Push-Pull Cropping System on Maize Yield, Stem Borer Infestation and Farmers’ perception. Journal of Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080452. Demissie, G., E. Mendesil, D. Diro, and T. Tefera. 2019. Effect of crop diversification and mulching on termite damage to maize in western Ethiopia. Journal of Crop Protection. doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.029. Sisay, B., J. Simiyu, E. Mendesil, P. Likhayo, G. Ayalew, S. Mohamed, S. Subramanian, and T. Tefera. 2019. Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Infestations in East Africa: Assessment of Damage and Parasitism. Insects, 10: 195. doi.org/10.3390/insects10070195. Sisay, B., T. Tefera, M. Wakgari, G. Ayalew, and E. Mendesil. 2019. The efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Maize. Insects, 10:1-14 Hashim, I., D.B. Mamiro, R. Mabagala, and T. Tefera. 2019. Reduction of initial occurrence of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) inocula on seeds by microbial and hot water seed treatments. Ausralian Journal of Crop Science, 13(2): 309-314. doi: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.02.p1474. Fite, T., T.Tefera, M. Negeri, Damte, S. Tebekew, H. Waktole, and W.D. Hutchison. 2019. Comparative Performance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Chickpea and Faba Bean. International Journal of Biology, 11 :29-45.

35

Fite, T., T. Tefera, M. Negeri, Damte, L. Tebekew, and H. Legesse.2019. Farmers Status, Knowledge & Management Practices on Major Chickpea Insect Pests in Some Selected Zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11: 31-45. Fite, T., T. Tefera, M. Negeri, T. Damte, and W. Sori. 2018. Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Nutritional Indices and Botanical Extracts of Millettia feruginea and Azadirachta indica. Advances in Entomology, 6: 235-255. Hashim, I., D.P. Mamiro, R. Mabagala, and T. Tefera. 2018. Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge, Perception, and Management of Rice Blast Disease in Upland Rice Production in Tanzania. Journal of Agricultural Science, 10:137-145. Hashim, I., D. Mamiro, R.B. Mabagala, and T. Tefera.2018. In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Microbial Agents for Management of Rice Blast Disease in Tanzania. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14:108-117. January, B., G. Rwegasira, and T. Tefera. 2018. Lepidopteran Stem Borer Species Abundance and Associated Damages on Irrigated Kilombero Low Land Rice Ecosystem in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology, 15: 28-35. January, B., G.M. Rwegasira, and T. Tefera, 2018. Farmers’ Perceptions of Rice Production Constraints and Stem Borers Management Practices in Tanzania. Journal of Agricultural Science, 10: 57-71. January, B., G. Rwegasira, and T. Tefera. 2018. Distribution of rice stem borers and their parasitoid in irrigated low land rice ecosystem in Kilombero valley, Morogoro, Tanzania. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6: 237-242. January, B., G.M. Rwegasira, and T. Tefera. 2018. Efficacy of Selected Biopesticides and Botanical Extracts in Managing Rice Stem Borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Tanzania. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 15:1-16. Sisay, B., T. Tefera, J. Simiyu, P. Malusi, P. Likhayo, E. Mendesil, N. Elibariki, M.Wakgari, and G. Ayalew. 2018. First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), natural enemies from Africa. Journal of Applied Entomology, 142:800-804. Kumela, T., J.Simiyu, B. Sisay, P. Likhayo, E. Mendesil, L. Gohole, and T. Tefera. 2018. Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and management practices of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Ethiopia and Kenya. International Journal of Pest Management. Articles/blogs:

Hendery, S. 2018. Not Just Maize: Africa’s Fall Armyworm Crisis Threatens Sorghum, Other Crops, Too. Prevention Web. 11-21-18.

36

Training on Trichoderma and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. IAPPS. 10-1-18. Virginia Tech researchers make small discovery that could keep millions from going hungry. VT News. 9-14-18. Fighting Nature with Nature: Scientists Mobilize Biological Control Against Devastating Fall Armyworm. PreventionWeb. 9-11-18. Fighting Nature with Nature: Scientists Mobilize Biological Control Against Devastating Fall Armyworm. Entomology Today. 9-11-18. Virginia Tech scientists rally international coalition to stop a pestilent ‘army.’ Virginia Tech News. As corn pest ravages crops in Africa, Virginia Tech program leads the charge. Virginia Tech News. Push-Pull: One Simple Farming Technique Successfully Battles Africa’s Key Agricultural Constraints. Tadesse, Desalegne. 2018. Integrated management methods change the landscape of chickpea production in Ethiopia-blog story. Ethiopia: Maize farmers grow special plants to manage Fall armyworm-News, 2018-wire radio-Ethiopia. Baseline surveys:

Baseline survey of project beneficiary households. 2018. Hawassa surrounding districts of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) Region of Ethiopia. Baseline survey on the contribution of push-pull technology in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. 2018. Morogoro and Mvemero districts of Tanzania. Baseline survey on what drives farmers to adopt the push-pull technology in the three countries (Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania), the contribution of the technology on women’s empowerment and improving nutrition at the household level.2018. Baseline survey on gender and grain IPM. Benefit analysis of project IPM technologies. 2018

Brochure/flyers/banners:

IPM solutions to improve Rice production: the case of Mvomero district of Tanzania. 2018 Push-Pull Technology Booklet. 2018. Proceedings of Farmer Field Day and Annual Review Meeting of Rice.2018 IPM Annual Review and Meeting Proceedings Booklet.2018. Chickpea IPM Banner. 2018

37

Maize IPM Banner. 2018 Rice IPM Banner. 2018 Trichoderma and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Training Flyer. 2018 Training Workshop on Indigenous Biological Control Agents of the Fall Armyworm: Techniques in field collection, mass rearing, and release. 2018.

Visual Media (Photo and Video Stories):

Photo Stories: Maize ipm in Hawassa. 2018. Photo stories on the Pearl of Push-Pull Technology in Nakuru and Kericho Counties of Kenya. 2018 Video: Push-Pull Technology from pest control to livestock feed and natural resource management in Hawassa. 2018 Video: The glories of Push-Pull Technology in Kericho-Kenya. 2018.

Presentations:

Tefera, T. Rice, Maize and Chickpea IPM for East Africa: An overview of the project in the 3 countries. Annual Planning Meeting and external evaluation (2018)

Kassie, M. Socioeconomic component: Key achievements. Annual Planning Meeting, and external evaluation (2018).

Likhayo, P. Promotion of Push - Pull Technology for the control of stem borers in Bomet, Kericho and Nakuru counties in Kenya. Annual Planning Meeting, (2018).

Chuwa, C. Screening and disseminating tolerant rice varieties to rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), rice blast and bacterial late blight (BLB) diseases in Mvomero district, Morogoro region, Tanzania. Annual Planning Meeting, (2018).

Sisay, B. Evaluation of different management options against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and assessment of their parasitoid enemies in some parts of Ethiopia. Annual Planning Meeting (2018).

Kebede, D. Endophytes associated with maize and pathogenicity of selected entomopathogenic fungi against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus. Annual Planning Meeting and External Evaluation (2018).

Simiyu, J. Distribution, Damage and Preliminary Biology of the Fall Armyworm in Kenya. Annual Planning Meeting, (2018).

Elibariki, N. Maize sterm borers and Striga management in Tanzania using push-pull technology. Annual Planning Meeting (2018).

Fite, T. Management of Chickpea Pod Borer in Ethiopia. Annual Planning Meeting, (2018).

Tadesse, D. IPM Approach for Communications. Annual Planning Meeting, (2018).

38

Conference papers:

Tefera, T. 2018. Biological control of fall armyworm: potential roles of predators and parasitoids, CIMMYT/USAID ToT, Nov 13-15, Addis Ababa.

Hashim, I., D., Mamiro, R.B. Mabagala, and T. Tefera. 2018. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of microbial agents for management of rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) in Tanzania. International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP). Boston, Massachusetts.

39

PI: Wondi Mersie, Virginia State University

Collaborators: Tesfaye Amare, Fula Gelana, Ambo University, Kassahun Zewdie, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Lisanework Nigatu, Haramaya University, Ferdu Azerefegne, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Muo Kasina, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya; Lorraine Strathie, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), South Africa; Richard Molo, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Uganda; Lidya Alemayhu, Virginia State University, Maria Elisa Christie, Virginia Tech, Daniel Sumner, Virginia Tech, USA.

Activities: Ethiopia - Two biocontrol agents, the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata and the stem-boring weevil Listronotus setosipennis, were approved for release by the Ethiopian Government and are being reared at two sites, Wollenchiti (central Ethiopia) and Ambo University Guder campus (western Ethiopia). These agents reared at Guder and Wollenchiti are being released throughout Ethiopia.

In 2019, 13,830 L. setosipennis adults were released at eight locations and the numbers released ranged from 600 to 4,000 adults per location.

Biological Control of the Invasive Weed Parthenium hysterophorus in East Africa

40

In 2019, 26,600 Z. bicolorata adults were released at twelve locations in Ethiopia. The number of adults released per location varied from 1,000 to 4,000. Some sites required a greater number of Z. bicolorata because they had dense stands of parthenium that can support large numbers of adults.

In Kenya, KALRO has obtained permits to import Zygogramma bicolorata and Listronotus setosipennis from South Africa. This is a major milestone considering that for more than 10 years a permit has been sought to import a bioagent against the parthenium weed.

During November 2018 to October 2019, a total of 24,000 Z. bicolorata and 2,900 L. setosipennis were produced in NARO’s rearing facilities in Uganda. A release program was developed but this was complicated by the prevailing dry conditions in Uganda (which started from November 2018 to mid-March 2019) that made parthenium plants too dry in several locations. The highest number of Z. bicolorata (4,000 adults) was released in Pader and Kiryandongo districts in Northern and Western Uganda, respectively, and the lowest number (2,000 adults) was released in Kasese district in Western Uganda. The highest number for L. setosipennis (1,000 adults) was released in Pader district during December 2018 and lowest (100 adults) was released in January 2019.

Publications:

Mersie, W., L. Alemayehu, L. Strathie, A. McConnachie, S. Terefe, M. Negeri, and K. Zewdie. 2018. Host range evaluation of the leaf-feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata and the stem-boring weevil, Listronotus setosipennis demonstrates their suitability for biological control of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus in Ethiopia. Biocontrol Science and Technology 29(3): 239-251.

Alemayehu, L. and W. Mersie. 2019. Survival and dispersal of the stem-boring weevil, Listronotus setosipennis, and the leaf-feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata, one year after their release for the control of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus, at two locations in Ethiopia. Journal of Biological Control (in Press).

Presentations:

Kasina, M. and W. Muriuki. 2019. Biological control of Parthenium in Kenya. Presentation made during Planning and Review Meeting, September 30 to October 2, 2019, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Mersie, W. 2019. Current status of biological control of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus in east Africa. Presentation made during Planning and Review Meeting, September 30 to October 2, 2019, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Mersie, W. 2019. Planning the future for the project biological control of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus in east Africa. Presentation made during Planning and Review Meeting, September 30 to October 2, 2019, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

41

Molo, R. 2019. Status of invasive weeds in Uganda: Presentation made to Extension staff of the Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, January 7-8, 2019, Mbale Uganda

Molo, R. 2019. Biological Control of Invasive Alien Parthenium: Presentation made during the training workshop December 19-22, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Molo, R. 2019. Biological Control of Parthenium hysterophorus in Uganda: Presentation made during Planning and Review Meeting, September 30-2 October, 2019, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

Strathie, L. 2019. Biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus in South Africa: release and establishment of agents. Annual Review and Planning Meeting of the IPM Innovation Lab on Biological Control of Parthenium hysterophorus in East Africa, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, 30 September 2019.

Strathie, L. 2019. Mass-rearing Listronotus setosipennis for biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus Annual Review and Planning Meeting of the IPM Innovation Lab on Biological Control of Parthenium hysterophorus in East Africa, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, 1 October 2019.

42

PI: Buyung Hadi, IRRI, Cambodia Collaborators: Chou Cheythyrith, General Directorate of Agriculture; Khay Sathya, CARDI; Chantheang Tong, CEDAC; Sotaro Chiba, Nagoya University; George Norton, Virginia Tech; Doug Pfeiffer, Virginia Tech Activities:

Rice root nematodes (Hirschmanniella) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) were found in rice fields in Takeo and Prey Veng provinces. Hirschmanniella existed more predominantly than Meloidogyne, especially in rice roots. The result from this study also showed that flooding conditions helped suppress populations of both nematodes, with more suppression of Meloidogyne.

Beneficial or free-living nematodes in the order of Dorylaimida, Rhabditida and Mononchida were also observed in rice fields. Flooding conditions also reduced the population of these beneficial or free-living nematodes. In addition, greater numbers of these nematodes were found in soil samples collected from Takeo than in Prey Veng, indicating more fertile soil in Takeo than in Prey Veng.

Ecologically-based Participatory IPM Packages for Rice in Cambodia (EPIC)

43

The rice variety IR54 showed low numbers of Hirchmanniella and Meloidogyne. Further studies are needed to determine the host suitability of IR54 to nematodes.

Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated that Hirschmenniella collected from Takeo and Prey Veng is H. mucronata.

Fall armyworm was detected in May 2019 and EPIC project has been supporting GDA’s response to FAW since then. Several extension materials were developed in Khmer and released at the national workshop on fall armyworm in July 2019. Pheromone traps and lures were provided for the department of plant protection to monitor fall armyworm in four provinces of Cambodia. A follow up training on identification of trapped moths and specificity assessment of the traps was conducted in October 2019. Two DPP’s staffers were sent to Niger to join training on FAW parasitoid rearing. FAW eggs are being collected in anticipation of rearing at GDA. We are also establishing Corcyra rearing as a laboratory host for rearing of the egg parasitoids. In the second season (early wet or wet season 2019), there were 108 farmer-cooperators who implemented IPM demo-trials (Table 5). One farmer experienced flooding (no harvest), but plans to continue with IPM trials as the flood will recede. Through partnership with VIAMO, we produced and tested a 3-2-1 interactive voice response system on field diagnostics followed by IPM recommendation. The farmers who call into the system will be guided through pest identification and then through IPM recommendations. National IPM Forum was conducted between October 28 and 29, presided over by H.E. Veng Sakhon, the Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Publications:

Flor, R.J., H. Maat, B.A.R. Hadi, V. Kumar, and N. Castilla. 2019 Do field-level practices of Cambodian farmers prompt a pesticide lock-in? Field Crops Research 235, 68-78.

Stuart, A.M., P. Kong, R. Then R.J. Flor, and K. Sathya. 2019. Tailor-made solutions to tackle rodent pests of rice through community-based management approaches in Cambodia. Crop Protection (online first). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.023

Castilla, N., A.M. Stuart, O. Makara, K. Sathya, S. Somany, V. Kumar, and B.A.R. Hadi. 2019. Characterization of cropping practices, pest constraints, and yield variation in irrigated lowland rice of Cambodia. Crop Protection (in press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104906

Cheythirith, C., N. Castilla, B.A.R. Hadi, T. Tanaka, S. Chiba,and I. Sato. 2019. Rice blast management in Cambodian rice fields using Trichoderma harzianum and a resistant variety. Crop Protection (in press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104864

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Chhun, S., V. Kumar, R.J. Martin, and B.A.R. Hadi. 2019. Weed management practices of smallholder farmers in Northwest Cambodia. Crop Protection (in press) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.017

Flor, R.J., H. Maat, B.A.R. Hadi, T. Rathmuny, E. Kraus, and K. Chhay. 2019. How do stakeholder interactions in Cambodian rice farming villages contribute to a pesticide lock-in? Crop Protection (in press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.023

Presentations:

Hadi, B.A.R., C. Cheythirith, K. Sathya, R. Flor, C. Settler, T. Rathmuny, N. Castilla, V. Kumar, and A. Stuart. 2019. Developing Ecologically-based Pest Management on Rice in Cambodia: Bringing back ecological perspective to IPM. Paper presented at the National IPM Forum, Siem Reap, Cambodia. October 28-29 2019.V.

Flor, R., and B.A.R. Hadi. 2019. Scaling pathways for IPM in Cambodia. Paper presented at the National IPM Forum, Siem Reap, Cambodia. October 28-29 2019.

Hadi, B.A.R., C. Cheythirith, K. Sathya, R. Flor, T. Rathmuny, N. Castilla, V. Kumar, and A. Stuart. 2018. Opportunities and constraints for ecologically-based pest management of rice in Cambodia. Paper presented at the Agroecology futures regional forum, Siem Reap, Cambodia. 6-8 November 2018.

Flor, R., R. Then, H. Maat, K. Chhay, V. Kumar, N. Castilla, and B.A.R. Hadi. 2018. Lock in mechanisms affecting Integrated Pest Management in Cambodia. Paper presented at the 5th International Rice Congress, Singapore. 15-17 October 2018.

Stuart, A.M., P. Kong, R. Then, R. Flor, and K. Sathya. 2018. Reducing rodent damage to rice in Cambodia through ecologically-based rodent management approaches tailored to local conditions. 5th International Rice Congress, Singapore. 15-17 October 2018.

Flor, R., B.A.R. Hadi, and H. Maat. 2018. Convergence and divergence of IPM and Agroecology: Implications for further development of IPM in Cambodia. Paper presented at the Sustainability and Development Conference. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 9-11 November 2018.

Sathya, K., N.P. Castilla, B. Hadi, A. Stuart, S. Somany, and V. Kumar. 2018. Characterization of cropping practices, pest constraints, and yield variation in irrigated lowland rice of Cambodia. Poster presented during the 5th International Rice Congress, Singapore. 15-17 October 2018.

Hadi, B.A.R., R. Flor, A. Stuart, V. Kumar, and N. Castilla. 2018. Ecologically-based, Participatory IPM for rice in Cambodia. Poster presented during the 5th International Rice Congress, Singapore. 15-17 October 2018.

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a) Short-term Training

Ecologically-based Participatory IPM Packages for Rice in Cambodia (EPIC)

Country Location Training

Activity Date Type of

individuals Number Female Partici-pants

Number Male

Partici-pants

Total Partici-pants

Classroom and practical training activities

Cambodia Takeo Province

Pesticide safety October 2, 2018

PDAFF (government) partners farmers

7 21 28

Cambodia Sunway Hotel, Phnom Penh

Training on fall army worm biology, ID and pheromone monitoring

3-4-Jul-2019 GDA, PDAFF partners

11 48 59

Field Training activities

Cambodia Takeo - Traeng Field visit 5-Oct-2018 Farmers 2 25 27

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea Field visit 19-Oct-2018 Farmers 10 15 25

Cambodia Battambang - Boung Pring Field visit 30-Oct-2018 Farmers 11 22 33

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea Field Day 31-Oct-2018 Farmers 20 29 49

Cambodia Prey Veng - Sdao Field visit 10-Nov-2018 Farmers 23 20 43

Cambodia Takeo - Traeng Field visit 8-Nov-2018 Farmers 10 27 37

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Field visit 12-Nov-2018 Farmers 13 16 29

Cambodia Prey Veng - Sdao Field visit 17-Nov-2018 Farmers 2 23 25

Cambodia Takeo - Traeng Field visit 20-Nov-2018 Farmers 13 48 61

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Field visit 26-Nov-2018 Farmers 13 16 29

Cambodia Takeo - Traeng

Reflection meeting 7-Dec-2018 Farmers 7 16 23

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Reflection meeting 7-Dec-2018 Farmers 2 13 15

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Farmer Field Day 7-Dec-2018 Farmers 26 35 61

HUMAN AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

46

Cambodia

Kampong Thom - Pahnachi

Farmer Field visit 13-Dec-2018 Farmers 6 22 28

Cambodia Prey Veng - Thom

Farmer field visit 27-Dec-2018 Farmers 1 14 15

Cambodia Prey Veng - Thom

Farmer exchange visit 27-Dec-2018 Farmers 7 14 21

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea

Farmer exchange visit 2-Jan-2019 Farmers 7 27 34

Cambodia

Kampong Thom - Pahnachi

Farmer field visit 13-Jan-2019 Farmers 4 24 28

Cambodia

Kampong Thom - Okunthor Tbong

Farmer field visit 14-Jan-2019 Farmers 12 15 27

Cambodia Prey Veng - Thom

Farmer field visit 12-Jan-2019 Farmers 3 28 31

Cambodia

Kampong Thom - Okunthor Tbong Farmer field day 16-Jan-2019 Farmers 27 19 46

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Farmer field visit 18-Jan-2019 Farmers 17 12 29

Cambodia Takeo - Traeng

Farmer field visit 21-Jan-2019 Farmers 6 26 32

Cambodia Prey Veng - Sdao Farmer field day 25-Jan-2019 Farmers 12 46 58

Cambodia Phnom Penh workshop on project outreach 31 Jan-1 Feb 4 12 16

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Farmer field visit 8-Feb-2019 Farmers 20 9 29

Cambodia Takeo - Bati

Farmer exchange field visit (Traeng to Bati) 8-Feb-2019 Farmers 8 9 17

Cambodia Prey Veng - Thom

Farmer exchange field visit (Sdao to Thom) 3-Mar-2019 Farmers 6 45 51

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea

Farmer field visit 13-Mar-2019 Farmers 12 13 25

Cambodia Takeo - Bati Farmer Field day and trade fair 25-Mar-2019 Farmers 34 46 80

Cambodia

Kampong Thom - Pahnachi

Reflection meeting 26-Mar-2019 Farmers 4 9 13

Cambodia

Kampong Thom - Okunthor Tbong

Reflection meeting 26-Mar-2019 Farmers 6 8 14

Cambodia Prey Veng - Thom

Reflection meeting 27-Mar-2019 Farmers 4 17 21

47

Cambodia Prey Veng - Sdao

Reflection meeting 27-Mar-2019 Farmers 2 20 22

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea Field day 3-Apr-2019 Farmers 25 18 43

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea

Reflection meeting 13-Jun-2019 Farmers 6 13 19

Cambodia Takeo-Traeng

Farmer exchange field visit (BB toTraeng) 28-Jun-2019 Farmers 22 5 17

Cambodia Takeo-Traeng

Farmer field vsist 28-Jun-2019 Farmers 3 13 16

Cambodia Takeo-Traeng

Farmer field visit 13-May-2019 Farmers 5 40 45

Cambodia

Kampong Thom-Pahnachi

Farmer field vsist 4-Jul-2019 Farmers 5 16 21

Cambodia

Kampong Thom-Okhun Thor

Farmer field vsist 2-Jul-2019 Farmers 13 16 29

Cambodia Prey Veng-Sdoa

Farmer field vsist 16-Jul-2019 Farmers 8 22 30

Cambodia Takeo-Batie Farmer field vsist 16-Jul-2019 Farmers 9 21 31

Cambodia Prey Veng-Thom

Farmer field vsist 19-Jul-2019 Farmers 5 22 27

Cambodia

Kampong Thom-Pahnachi

Farmer field day/Trade fair 31-Jul-2019 Farmers 24 45 69

Cambodia

Kampong Thom-Okhun Thor

Farmer field visit 26-Jul-2019 Farmers 6 19 25

Cambodia

Kampong Thom-Pahnachi

Farmer field vsist 25-Jul-2019 Farmers 7 18 25

Cambodia

Cambodia Prey Veng-Sdao

Farmer field vsist 14-Aug-2020 Farmers 9 17 26

Cambodia

Prey Veng Thom go to Sdao

Farmer field vsist 16-Aug-2020 Farmers 2 18 20

Cambodia

Kampong Thom go to Sdao

Farmer field vsist

17/18-Aug-2019 Farmers 6 20 26

Cambodia Takeo-Batie Farmers field visit 20-Aug-2019 Farmer 15 16 31

Cambodia Battambang - Otagnea

Farmers field visit 23-Aug-2019 Farmer 13 12 25

Cambodia Takeo-Traeng

Farmer field day/Trade fair 29-Aug-2019 Farmers 20 89 109

Cambodia Prey Veng-Sdoa Farmer field day 31-Aug-2019 Farmers 10 19 29

Cambodia Takeo-Batie Farmer field day 5-Sep-2019 Farmers 46 26 72

48

Cambodia Prey Veng-Thom Farmer field day 6-Sep-2019 Farmers 5 75 80

Cambodia Battambang - Prey Veng

Farmer field vsist 14-Sep-2019 Farmer 12 13 25

Total 637 1334 1962

Vegetable IPM in East Africa

Type

Location Date (Month, day, year)

Who was Trained

Number Female Participants

Number Male Participants

Total Participants

Home Institution (if applicable)

Training Institution

Demonstration of IPM Package

Mlali and Msufini

10/02/2018 Farmers 8 26 34 SUA

Farmers field Day on IPM Package for tomato

Msufini 07/14/2018 Farmers DED –Mvomero DAICO Extension Officers

91 119 210 SUA

On farm tomato disease identification

Kiroka village, Morogoro Rural District

01/22/2019 Farmers 5 18 23 SUA

SUA laboratories and on farm demosntrations

SUA Horticulture Farm

05/13-15/2019

Extension Agents

6 14 20 SUA, OSU, VT

On farm Healthy vegetable seedling

Mvomero, Iringa

05/20/19, 09/16/19

Farmers 25 69 94 SUA

49

production

On farm IMP for vegetable production

SUA Horticulture Farm

07/22-24/19, 08/5-7/19

Farmers 67 141 208 SUA

On farm Healthy vegetable seedling production

Msufini villabe, Mvomero district

09/07/19 Farmers 17 24 41 SUA

Undergraduate Research Project

SUA 11/01/2018 Nangale, Allan

1 1 SUA SUA

Undergraduate Research Project

SUA 11/01/2018 Magembe, Shigela

1 1 SUA SUA

Undergraduate Research Project

SUA 11/01/2018 Michael, Michael Olaf

1 1 SUA SUA

Undergraduate Research Project

SUA 11/01/2018 John Richard

1 1 SUA SUA

Undergraduate Research Project

SUA 11/01/2018 Msogoya K. Gaetan

1 1 SUA SUA

50

Participatory Biodiversity and Climate Change Assessment for Integrated Pest Management in the Annapurna-Chitwan Landscape

Type Location Date

Female Participa

nts

Male Participants

Total Training Institution

International Conference on Mountain in Changing World

Kathmandu

October 9-10,2018 2 - 2 Kathmandu Institute of Applied Science

International Conference on Biological Control

Bengaluru,India

October 27-29,2018 2 1 3

Bengaluru

Research team presentations and discussion

Kathmandu(Greenwich Hotel)

December 1,2018 5 16 21 CDB-TU

International Conference onClimate change,Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture

Jorhat,Assam,

India

December 13-16,2018 - 1 1 Assam Agriculture University

National Conference on Climate Change

December 31,2018-January 2,2019

2 2 4 National District

Development Federation

National Young Scientists Conference Presentation

Hetauda April 23-24,2019 - 1 1

Ministry of Forest and Environment,Province

Research team Presentations and discussion

May 26,2019 5 6 11 TU

Research team Presentations and Discussion

July 24,2019 5 6 11 TU

Progress Sharing Workshop

August 3,2019 5 7 12 TU

Progress Sharing workshop

Kathmandu September 7,2019 5 7 12 TU

Training on Quanitative Accuracy Assessment

Kathmandu September 7-9,2019 4 4 8

TU

51

IPM for Exportable Fruits in Vietnam

Type Location Date Number of Female Participants

Number of Male Participants

Total Participants

Home institution

Training Institution

Training Virginia Tech

Aug. 12 – Dec. 17, 2018

1 1 SOFRI VT

Training on VietGAP

SOFRI April 12-13, 2019

3 8 11 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on dragon fruit cultivation

Long An, Vietnam

Feb. 22, 2019

1 33 34 SOFRI SOFRI

International Youth Conference on Science,Technology and Innovation

Kathmandu October 21-23 2 2 4

Nepal Academy of Science and technology

International Conference Hyderabad,India

November 10-14,2019 2 2 4

International Plant Protection Society

Skype Meetings Kathmandu-USA

January 15,2019 February 14,2019 March 9,2019 March 20,2019 May 7,2019 May 18,2019 June 4,2019 June 20,2019 July 19,2019 September 10,2019 October 14,2019

- 4 4 With Abhijin and Anirudha

52

Training on dragon fruit marketing

Long An, Vietnam

Sept. 4, 2019

5 30 35 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on IPM BinhThuan Aug. 14, 2019

4 31 35 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on IPM Tien Giang May 22, 2019

9 33 42 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on IPM Dong Thap Sept. 14, 2019

2 27 29 SOFRI SOFRI

Workshop on dragon fruit production

Binh Thuan Oct. 30, 2019

17 68 85 SOFRI SOFRI

Workshop for dragon fruit industry

Long An Oct. 30, 2019

15 55 70 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on longan cultivation

Tien Giang Feb. 27, 2019

3 30 33 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on longan cultivation

Vinh Long April 2, 2019

5 37 42 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on longan export

Tien Giang Feb. 27, 2019

3 31 34 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on longan packaging

Hung Yen March 11, 2019

17 14 31 SOFRI PPRI

Training on VietGAP

Hung Yen May 8, 2019

27 23 50 SOFRI PPRI

Training on Mango IPM

Dong Thap March 12, 2019

2 40 42 SOFRI SOFRI

Mango pest diagnostics

Dong Thap March 28, 2019

2 39 41 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on mango packaging

Dong Thap July 11, 2019

14 36 50 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on mango cultivation

Dong Nal Aug. 5, 2019

9 21 30 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on VietGAP

Dong Nal Aug. 10-20, 2019

18 89 107 SOFRI SOFRI

Traing on use of bio-pesticides

Dong Thap Aug. 25, 2019

6 39 45 SOFRI SOFRI

Traing on bio-pesticides

Dong Nal Aug. 29, 2019

4 23 27 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on IPM Bac Giag March 2019

29 21 50 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on VietGAP

Bac Giag March 2019

15 25 40 SOFRI SOFRI

Training on VietGAP

Bac Giag May 2019

15 30 45 SOFRI SOFRI

53

Scientists meeting SOFRI Nov. 28, 2019

4 6 10 SOFRI SOFRI

Scientists meeting SOFRI March 5, 2019

5 6 11 SOFRI SOFRI

Tuta absoluta workshp

Ho Chih Min City

June 6, 2019

30 40 70 SOFRI VT

Tuta absoluta workshp

Ha Noi June 14, 2019

15 50 65 PPRI VT

Grains IPM in East Africa

Type

Location Date Number Female Participants

Number Male Participants

Total Participants

Home Institution (if applicable)

Training Institution

Ethiopia Integrated management methods of chickpea wilt pod borer-field day

Minjar 4 October 2018

4 36 40 DZ ARC “ ”

Farmers field day

Hawassa 22 Dec. 2018

5 55 60 “ ”

Kenya

Farmers field day

Kedowa 15-17 Oct. 2018

57 32 89 icipe

Vegetable IPM for Asia

Type

Location Date (Month, day, year)

Who was Trained

Number Female Participants

Number Male Participants

Total Participants

Home Institution

Training Institution

IPM package trials undergrad theses

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Nov 18 to Sept 2019

Ong Socheath, Tho Kim Eang, An Chanratha,

7 6 13 Royal University of Agricultur

RUA

54

Seng Kim Hian

e (RUA); IPM IL

Presentation and hosting field visit of RUA group

Siem Reap

Nov-14-16, 2018

An Chanratha, Seng Kim Hian

2 4 6 IPM IL Royal University of Agriculture (RUA

Guest lecture

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Jan 29, 2019

George Norton 5 12 17 Virginia Tech

Royal University of Agriculture (RUA)

Guest lecture

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Feb 08, 2019

Jonathan Jacobs

9 4 13 Ohio State

Royal University of Agriculture (RUA)

Presentation

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Jan 23, 2019

Kim Hian Seng

7 16 23 IPM IL Harvest II project

Presentation

Siem Reap, Cambodia

Feb 20, 2019

An Chanratha 5 16 21 IPM IL CODES project

Presentation

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Mar 11, 2019

R. Muniappan 7 6 13 IPM IL Virginia Tech

Harvest II

Presentation and field visit for East West Seed Company

Siem Reap, Cambodia

Sept 4, 2019

Seng Kim Hian, An Chanratha

2 3 5 IPM IL East West Seed

Farmers training

Bangladesh

March 9, 2019

Farmers 14 36 50 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

March 10, 2019

Farmers 48 52 100

BARI

Field day Bangladesh

April 22, 2019

Farmers 20 80 100 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

April 23, 2019

Farmers 16 34 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

May 5, 2019

Farmers 14 36 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

May 6, 2019

Farmers 14 36 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

August 27, 2019

Farmers 12 38 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

August 28, 2019

Farmers 10 40 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

Sept 4, 2019

Farmers 9 41 50 BARI

55

Farmers training

Bangladesh

Sept 5, 2019

Farmers 3 47 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

Sept 6, 2019

Farmers 8 42 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

June 21, 2019

Farmers 0 50 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

July 4, 2019

Farmers 8 42 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

July 7, 2019

Farmers 15 35 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

July 27, 2019

Farmers 4 46 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

July 30, 2019

Farmers 12 38 50 BARI

Farmers training

Bangladesh

July 31, 2019

Farmers 10 40 50 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

May 17,2019

Farmers 14 86 100 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

May 18, 2019

Farmers 14 86 100 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

May 25, 2019

Farmers 0 100 100 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

May 26, 2019

Farmers 2 98 100 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

June 20, 2019

Farmers 12 88 100 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

July 3, 2019

Farmers 49 51 100 BARI

Field day Bangladesh

July 6, 2019

Farmers 59 50 100 BARI

Undergrad studies theses on IPM for Tuta and on ASD

Lalitpur and Kavre, Nepal

2018 Nov.-Jan. 2019

Agriculture Students

4 0 4 Himalayan College of Agri. Sciences and Tech. (HICAST)

IPM IL/IDE Research Site

Internships (3months)

IPMIL Lalitpur and Kavre

2019 June –Sept. 2019

Agriculture Students

3 3 6 Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST)

IPMIL/IDE Research Site

Course Lalitpur Nepal

2018 September to March 2019

Junior Technician of Agriculture

1 0 1 Technical training and research institute (TTRI)

IPM IL/IDE Research Site

56

Training on IPM (Bittergourd, tomato, cucumber)

Banke & Surkhet

Oct 2018 to March 2019

Farmers 136 18 154 IDE Nepal

IPMIL/IDE Research Site

Workshop

Banke and Surkhet

Oct 2018 to March 2019

CBFs, Farmers, USAID’s Project staff

10 22 32 IDE Nepal

IPMIL/IDE Research Site

FAW planning workshops

Kathmanu Nov. 19, 2018

USAID, project task force, PPS society members

0 10 10 IDE Nepal

IPMIL/IDE office

Workshop on FAW

Kathmandu

Nov. 30, 2018

Different Projects’ Staff and GoNs staff

51 8 59 IPMIL/CIMMYT/PPSN

IPMIL/IDE

Training Workshop on Biological Control of FAW

Niger July 22-26, 2019

National researchers, extension agents and technicians

0 4 4 ICRISAT, IPMIL

ICRISAT, IPMIL

Diagnosis and Management of Virus Diseases in Veg. Crops

Nepal May 27- June 1, 2019

Researchers 10 11 21 Plant Pathology Division, PPS Nepal

NARC Pathology Division

Train the trainer on FAW identification and Management

Nepal Sept,18-19, 2019

Provincial level Ext, Staffs and project people

5 25 30 FAW task force

NARC, Entomology Division

Workshop on Private Sector Engagement in FAW Identification and Pesticide Management

Nepal Sept,24, 2019

Private Sector 5 37 42 FAW task force

NARC, Entomology Division

IPM packages to Local Government Ag. Staff and other

Surkhet July-Sept 2019

Local Government Ag. Staff and other cooperatives staff

11 14 25 At various local municipalities in Province 6

IPMIL/IDE Surkhet Site

57

cooperatives IPM packages to KISAN II Staff

Surkhet July-Sept 2019

Farmers, Project Staff

144 30 174 Project implementing site in Surkhet

IPMIL/IDE Surkhet Site

IPM packages training

Banke July-Sept 2019

Farmers and Project Staff

125 29 154 At Project implementing site in Banke

IPMIL/IDE Banke Site

IPM technologies training

Banke July- Aug 2019

Farmers Groups, Cooperatives, Rice mills staffs

49 18 67 At Baijnath Municipality, Banke

b) Long-Term Training

IPM for Exportable Fruit Crops in Vietnam

Country Name Gender Degree Discipline Home institution

Training Institution

Start Date End Date

Vietnam Dang Thi Kim Uyen F PhD Plant

Protection

Southern Horticultural

Research Institute

Can Tho University

Nov-2015 Nov-2020

Vietnam Thinh Ho Quoc Tien M BS Plant

Protection Nong Lam University April 2019

Vietnam Nguyen

Huu Cuong

M BS Plant Protection Nong Lam

University April 2019

Vietnam Duyen Luong Thi F MS Plant

Protection

Southern Horticultural

Research Institute

Can Tho University Aug. 2020

IPM for Vegetable and Mango Pests in Asia

Country Name Gender Degree Discipline Home Institution

Training Institution

Start Date End Date

58

Nepal Sulav Paudel M PhD Entomology IDE Nepal Penn State

University Aug-16,2015 May-20

Bangladesh Farhanaz Sharma F PhD Economics Virginia

Tech

January 1, 2016 (on this project)

Jul-17

Nepal Ram Khadka M PhD Plant

Pathology

Nepal National Agricultural Research Council

Ohio State University

Aug-16,2015 May-20

Nepal Arjun Khanal M PhD Economics Tribhuvan

University 2015 July 2019

USA Lauren Knaresboro F MS Economics Virginia

Tech 2017 June 2019

Participatory Biodiversity and Climate Change Assessment for Integrated Pest Management in the Annapurna-Chitwan Landscape, Nepal

Name

Gender

Home Institution

Training Institution

Degree Major

Start Date (month/year) (Registration date)

Graduation Date (month/year)

Home Country

Ms Seerjana Maharjan F

TU

CDB-TU

Ph.D( Bot) Ecology

20 May 2015 Early

2020 Nepal

Ms Anju Sharma Paudel F

TU

CDB-TU Ph D (Bot) Ecology

15 June 2016

Early 2020 Nepal

Mr Dol Raj Luitel

M TU CDB-TU Ph D (Bot)

Ecology 20 may 2016 Early 2020

Nepal

Ghan Shyam Bhandari

M AFU DOE-AFU

Ph D (Entom)

Entomology

Feb 2016 Early 2020

Nepal

Mr Hom Nath Giri

M AFU DOH-AFU

Ph D (Hort)

Horticulture Feb 2016 Early 2020

Nepal

59

Ms Sita Gyawali

F

TU

CDB-TU

M Sc (Bot)

Ecology

May 2018

December 2019

Nepal

Mr.Himal Yonjon

M TU CDB TU M Sc (Bot)

Ecology May 2018 December 2019

Nepal

Ms..Srijana Poudel

F

TU

CDB TU

M Sc (Bot)

Ecology

May 2018 December 2019

Nepal

Mr.Sandeep Dhakal

M

TU

CDB TU

M Sc (Bot)

Ecology

May 2018

December 2019

Nepal

Mr Abhisek Singh

M

TU

CDB TU

M Sc (BEM)

Biodiversity

May 2018

December 2019

Nepal

Development of Ecologically based Participatory Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Package for Rice in Cambodia (EPIC)

Country Name Gende

r Degree Discipline

Home Institutio

n

Training Institution

Start Date End Date

Cambodia

Chou Cheythyrith M PhD Crop

Protection

General Directorate of Agriculture

Royal University of Agriculture/ Nagoya University

Aug-16 Jul-19

Cambodia

Chhun Sokunroth M MSc

Weed Management

Provincial Directorate of Agriculture

Battambang University Jan-17 Dec-18

60

USA Corey Riedel M MSc Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech

Aug-16 Dec-18

Cambodia

Makaraphakpe Keo F MS Entomology

Royal University of Agriculture

Sept 2019

Cambodia

Luch Chhengleap F BS Agronomy

Royal University of Agriculture

Dec. 2019

Cambodia

Meng Sivchhing M BS Agronomy

Royal University of Agriculture

Dec. 2019

Cambodia Sek Pisey M

MSc (only funding for research)

Rodent ecology

Royal University of Phnom Penh

Royal University of Agriculture

Jan-17 Dec-17

Cambodia Ong Socheath F

PhD (provisional acceptance)

Plant pathology

Royal University of Agriculture

Royal University of Agriculture/Nagoya University

Aug-17 Jul-20

A High-resolution Interaction Based Approach to Modeling the Spread of Agricultural Invasive Species

Country Name Gender Degree Discipline Home Institution

Training Institution

Start Date End Date

US Katie Liu F BS Computer science UVA UVA May-

19 Jul-19

Senegal Philip Correa M PhD Plant

biology

Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar

CIRAD-BIOPASS Jan-18 Nov-18

Senegal Modou Kane M MS Plant

biology

Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar

CIRAD-BIOPASS Jun-18 Dec-19

Senegal Massamba Diakhaté M MS Plant

biology

Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar

CIRAD-BIOPASS Jan-19 Oct-19

Senegal Ahmadou Sow M PhD Entomology

Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar

CIRAD-BIOPASS Apr-15 Apr-18

61

France Mateus Ribeiro de Campos

M Postdoc Research Engineer level 1

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA

Jul-17 Jan-19

Grains IPM for East Africa

Country Name Degree Gender Discipline Home Institution

Training Institution

Start Date End Date

Tanzania Bonaventure January M PhD Agricultural

entomology AfricaRice Centre

Sokoine University of Agriculture

Jul-16 Jun-19

Tanzania Ibrahim Hashim M PhD Plant

Pathology

Dakawa Agricultural Research Institute

Sokoine University of Agriculture

Jul-16 Jun-19

Kenya Josphat Korir M Agricultural

Economics University of Nairobi

University of Nairobi

Sep-16 Jun-19

Ethiopia Tarekegn Fite M PhD Agricultural

entomology Ministry of Agriculture

Ambo University Jul-16 Jun-19

Ethiopia Gezahegn Getaneh M PhD Plant

Pathology

EIAR (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research)

Jimma University Jul-16 Jun-19

Ethiopia Denberu Kebede M MSc Applied

Microbiology

M EIAR (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research)

Addis Ababa University

Jan-17 Dec-18

Ethiopia Birhanu Sisay M MSc Crop

Protection

M EIAR (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research)

Haramaya University Jan-17 Dec-18

Ethiopia Nana Ameri F MSc Applied Microbiology

University of Dar Es Salam

University of Dar Es Salam

Jan-17 Dec-18

62

IPM for Vegetables in East Africa

Country Name Gender

Degree Discipline Home Institution

Training Institutio

n

Start Date End Date

Kenya Celia Ngugi F PhD Entomology

Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization

University of Nairobi

Aug-16 Jun-19

Kenya Joshua Kinere M MS Entomology

Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization

Chuka University Jan-17 Dec-18

Kenya Dennis Nyamu M MA Entomology Ohio State Aug-

17 Dec-19

Ethiopia Kumsa Dida F MS Entomology Hawassa University Hawassa

University Jul-16 Sep-18

Ethiopia Feyissa Bekele M MS Weed

Science Hawassa University Hawassa University Jul-16 Sep-18

Ethiopia Tsion Tekele M MS Plant

Protection Hawassa University

Aug. 2017 Oct. 2019

Ethiopia Endale Girma M MS Plant

Protection Hawassa University

Aug. 2017 Oct. 2019

Ethiopia Habtom Hagos M MS Horticulture Hawassa University Ohio State Aug-

17 Jan-19

Tanzania Hellen Kawyaga F PhD Plant

Pathology Sokoine University Ohio State Jan-17 Jun-19

Tanzania Zuwena E. Msuya F MS Plant

Protection Sokoine University Sept. 2019

Tanzania Reagan Nyoni M MS Plant

Protection Sokoine University Sept. 2019

Tanzania Allan Nongale M BS Plant

Protection Sokoine University NOV. 2018

Tanzania Shigla Magambe M BS Plant

Protection Sokoine University

Tanzania Michael Olaf Michael

M BS Plant Protection Sokoine

University

Tanzania John Richard M BS Plant

Protection Sokoine University

63

Tanzania Msogoya KGetan. M BS Plant

Protection Sokoine University

Bangladesh

Muntasir Hasan M MS Agricultural

Economics North South University

Virginia Tech

August 2015 (May 2016 on IPM IL)

Jun-17

Tanzania Peter A. Maerere M MS Plant

Protection

Sokoine University of Agriculture

Oct. 2017

Sept.

2018

c) Institutional Development

i) Description:

Bangladesh: A scientist participated in the International Conference on Biological Control in Bengaluru, India. A candidate from a private company participated in the workshop on rearing parasitoids of FAW in Niamey, Niger.

Cambodia: A candidate from the General Directorate of Agriculture received his PhD degree in Plant Pathology. Two candidates from General Directorate of Agriculture participated in the workshop on rearing parasitoids of FAW in Niamey, Niger. One candidate attended the International Congress of Phytopathology in Canada.

Nepal: One candidate from a NGO participated in the International Conference on Biological Control in Bengaluru, India. Four candidates from Government of Nepal and one from a NGO participated in the workshop on rearing parasitoids of FAW in Niamey, Niger.

Vietnam: Two candidates from Government of Vietnam participated in the workshop on rearing parasitoids of FAW in Niamey, Niger.

Kenya: A candidate was trained on rearing of parasitoids of FAW at ICRISAT, Niamey, Niger. Four candidates from KALRO were trained on rearing of parasitoids of FAW at icipe, Kenya.

Ethiopia: Four candidates from EIAR were trained on rearing of parasitoids of FAW at icipe, Kenya.

Tanzania: Four candidates from the Government of Tanzania were trained on rearing of parasitoids of FAW at icipe, Kenya.

64

ii) Partners:

Please see list of Program Partners in page 2.

Innovation Transfer and Scaling Partnerships

Plan of Action

i) Steps taken: • Worked with value chain projects, KAVES in Kenya, NAFAKA and TAHA

in Tanzania. • Provided training on rearing and release of parasitoids of FAW to scientists

and technicians from all seven host countries. • Participated in national, regional, and international conferences. • Provided awareness workshops of FAW in Nepal and Tuta absoluta in

Vietnam. • Conducted several field days. • Conducted business case study for IPM tools in Cambodia and Ethiopia.

ii) Partnerships made: • ISCA and BCRL Pheromone producing companies in U.S.A and India,

respectively. iii) Technology ready to scale:

• Biological control of FAW. • Bt eggplant in Bangladesh. • Biological control of Parthenium in Ethiopia and Uganda. • Rice seeding machine in Cambodia. • Pheromone traps for FAW and Tuta absoluta.

iv) Technologies transferred: • Trichoderma use in East Africa. • Release of parasitoids of FAW in Kenya and Tanzania. • Use of pheromone traps for monitoring FAW in all seven host countries

and Tuta absoluta in Nepal and Bangladesh. • Rice seeding machine in Cambodia.

v) Technologies Scaled: • Release of parasitoids of FAW in Kenya, and Tanzania. • Use of Trichoderma in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. • Release of natural enemies of Parthenium in Ethiopia and Uganda.

65

Environmental Management and Mitigation Plan (EMMP)

• PERSUAPs for pesticides to be used in the IPM IL projects have been prepared and received USAID approval.

• Use of bio-pesticides, botanical pesticides and pheromone traps for control of pests and diseases.

Open Data Management Plan

The IPM IL had its data management plan (DMP) approved by the AOR and the ME ensures the program is complaint with ADS 579, including data registration and submission. Raw data from individual projects are available from the site coordinators in each country upon request. When mature data becomes available, the PIs and/or the ME will register and submit the data and data reference to the DDL.

Governance and Management Entity Activity

• Worked closely with AOR and Virginia Tech administration. • Attended planning meetings of the individual projects. • Organized Technical Advisory Committee and Program Planning Coordinating

committee meetings in Tanzania. • Attended Innovation Lab Council meetings in Ethiopia and Washington, DC. • Encouraged host country scientists to participate in national, regional, and international

conferences. • Prepared several success stories and released to the media. • Actively promoted scientific publications. • Reviewed workplans, semi-annual and annual reports submitted by the PIs, edited and

submitted them to AOR for approval.

Other Topics

A $50,000 grant was received from the Vice President for Outreach and International Affairs to conduct a study on production and use of cocopith and Trichoderma in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal.

Travis, E. 2019. The economic impacts of Trichoderma and cocopith in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development. Blacksburg, VA. 52pp.

66

Issues

Not receiving funds in time from USAID causes problems in management and implementation of projects.

Future Directions

Continue development and implementation of IPM packages for vegetable, fruit, cereal, and legume crops in Asian and African countries. Scale up release and field establishment of natural enemies of Parthenium in Ethiopia and Uganda. Develop collaboration with private institutions for production and distribution of IPM tools such as bio-pesticides, pheromone lures, etc.

Implement FAW management technologies in all seven participating host countries. Scale up production and release of FAW parasitoids. Implement the Associate Award of Nepal Mission for management of FAW and IPM packages for vegetable, rice, maize, and lentil.

Monitor and forewarn Tuta absoluta invasion in Cambodia and Vietnam. Scale up control of witches’ broom syndrome of longan, use of plastic sleeves on dragon fruit to control fungal diseases, and use of paper bags for control of fruit flies in mango orchards.

Organize symposia in national, regional, and international conferences for dissemination of IPM technologies beyond the current host countries. Provide opportunities for host country scientists to participate in regional and international conferences.

67

SUCCESS STORIES

68

69

70