Integrated Design and Delivery Systems

By Dr Zeeshan Aziz – licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – Share Alike License

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/

ORBEE Learning Material

Introduction to Integrated Design and Delivery Systems

Lesson 1- The Need for Integrated Design and Delivery Systems

Lesson Plan

• Overview of the Construction Industry• Management organisation within construction• Review of existing construction project

delivery routes.

Key Learning Outcomes

• To demonstrate an understanding of the business need for Integrated Project Design and Delivery Systems

• To understand management organisational structure within Construction

• To demonstrate awareness of key construction project delivery routes

• To understand key principles of Integrated Project Delivery

The UK construction industry

• It accounts for over 8% of GDP• Consists of over 300,000 firms employing over 2

million people • One in 10 people rely on the construction

industry for employment• Contractors employ 1.68 million people in

UK(2005)• Under pressure to become more sustainable

and productive

Inefficiencies in Construction Processes

2004 2008 2012 2014 2018 2022 2024 ….

Productivity Growth in Construction 1993-2003

Reasons for Declining Construction Productivity

• Heavily regulated• Fragmented nature of

the industry • Traditional adversarial

culture• Low investments in R&D• Slow to adopt new

technology

Problems associated with Document Centric Communication Model

• Information redundancy• Communication errors

and loss of project information

• Errors and omissions in paper documents

• Inadequacy of traditional project workflows

Functionally Organised Construction Industry

(Evbuomwan and Anumba, 1998)

Operations ManagementbyR. Dan Reid & Nada R. Sanders4th Edition © Wiley 2010

Concurrent Engineering Defined

• “Concurrent engineering methodologies permit the separate tasks of the product development process to be carried out simultaneously rather than sequentially. Product design, testing, manufacturing and process planning through logistics, for example, are done side-by-side and interactively. Potential problems in fabrication, assembly, support and quality are identified and resolved early in the design process.”

• Izuchukwu, John. “Architecture and Process :The Role of Integrated Systems in Concurrent Engineering.” Industrial Management Mar/Apr 1992: p. 19-23.

Basic Tenets of Concurrent Engineering

• Doing things simultaneously• Focusing on the Process• Converting hierarchical organizations into

teams

Product

development

Production of

components

Project

implementation

Partnering

the

supply chain

Committed leadership

Focus on the customer

Product Team Integration

Quality driven agenda

Commitment to people

- Key Drivers forChange

Key Project Processes

Targets forImprovement

Capital cost

Construction time

Predictability

Defects

Accidents

Productivity

Turnover & profits

-10%

-10%

+20%

-20%

-20%

+10%

+10%

The ‘Egan’ vision for change

CE implementation results into achieving improvement targets

Main Areas to Concurrent Engineering

People

Technology

Project

Process

Existing Construction Project Delivery Routes

• Design– Bid–Build • Design – Build • CM @ Risk• Integrated Project Delivery

Design– Bid–Build

No contractor involvement Design Competitive bidding Bid No overlap of design

and construction Build

CM-at-Risk

• Requires a commitment by the construction manager to deliver the project within a guaranteed maximum price (GMP)

Integrated Project Delivery

1. Mutual respect & trust2. Mutual benefit & reward3. Collaborative innovation & decision making4. Early involvement of key participants5. Early goal definition6. Intensified planning7. Open communication8. Appropriate technology9. Organization & leadership From AIA’s “Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide” (2007)

The “MacLeamy Curve

Factor Traditional Project Delivery Integrated Project DeliveryTeams Fragmented, assembled on “just-as-

needed” or “minimum-necessary” basis, strongly hierarchical, controlled

An integrated team entity composed of key project stakeholders, assembled early in the process, open, collaborative

Process Linear, distinct, segregated; knowledge gathered “just-as-needed;” information hoarded; silos of knowledge and expertise

Concurrent and multi-level; early contributions of knowledge and expertise; information openly shared; stakeholder trust and respect

Risk Individually managed, transferred to the greatest extent possible

Collectively managed, appropriately shared

Compensation / Reward

Individually pursued; minimum effort for maximum return; (usually) first-cost based

Team success tied to project success; value-based

Communications / Technology

Paper-based, 2 dimensional; analog

Digitally based, virtual; Building Information Modeling (3, 4 and 5 dimensional)

Agreements

Encourage unilateral effort; allocate and transfer risk; no sharing

Encourage, foster, promote and support multi-lateral open sharing and collaboration; risk sharing

References• The American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery: A

Guide. Version 1. [Online]. Available at: http://www.msa-ipd.com/IPD_Guide_2007.pdf

• Diekmann, J.E., Krewedl, M., Balonick, J., Stewart, J and Wonis, S (2004), “Application Of Lean Manufacturing Principles To ConstructioN, Construction Industry Institute Report 19, pp. 51-54

• Evbuomwan, N. F. O. and Anumba, C. J. (1998), “An Integrated Framework for Concurrent Life-cycle Design and Construction”, Advances in Engineering Software, 1998, Vol. 5, No. 7-9, pp.587-597

• NIST (2002) [Online] http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/publications/gcrs/04867.pdf• Reid, S. (2011)“Operations Management” Wiley, pp. 20• Teicholz, Paul, discussion on the article “U.S. Construction Labor Productivity

Trends, 1970-1998, Paul M Goodrum and Carl T. Haas, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Volume 27, Issue 5, pp 427-429, September /October 2001.

Learning Resources

• Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)Introduction to Integrated Project Delivery (http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/limage?siteID=123112&imageID=16251278&id=6834016)

• Journal of Building Information Modelling (http://www.wbdg.org/references/jbim.php)

• Building Information Modelling (http://bim.arch.gatech.edu/content_view.asp?id=402 )