INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT and other STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING€¦ · · 2017-01-062017-01-06 · INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT and other STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT and other STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Ricardo M. Sandalo, EnPAssociate Professor

DCERP, College of Human EcologyUniversity of the Philippines Los Baños

January 2017SCEnP in Calapan City

Short Course on Environmental PlanningDCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

1

Objectives

• To understand “integrated area development” as an environmental planning strategy

• To describe the IAD (aka integrated rural development) experience in the country

• To appreciate the context of EnP and updates on the environmental planning practice in the Philippines


2

Other names of Environmental Planning

• Town and Country Planning• Urban and Regional Planning• Human Settlements Planning• City Planning

>>> nevertheless, it is multi-disciplinary (integrative, holistic) and it is both an art and a science…for the development of sustainable communities and ecosystems (RA 10587)


3

Art and Science (according to Google)

Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.Science (noun) - the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment


4

Why Regional Development Planning

• The Philippines has adopted regional planning as a means to correct or reduce some of the most obvious disparities in socio-economic development with and between regions

• and reconcile conflicts among advocates of and oppositors to greater participation in development and regional autonomy.


5

An IAD area – one of the many types of area that may be encompassed by

regional development planning

A provincial or sub-provincial area, interprovincial areas or an ecological unit such as an island chosen for the application of an integrated area development (IAD) approach.


6

Just like REGIONAL PLANNING, the Purposes of IAD Planning

• Preparation and execution of a program for developing a river basin or an island ecological unit;

• Management of social, economic and physical affairs of an entire administrative region or a metropolitan area.

• Employed in order to qualify for some form of funding assistance.


7

1970s

Regional approach to the development has been given official recognition as an important element in the national developmental effort. (Philippine context)


8

Before the 1970s

• The goals, concepts and approaches of regional planning have not occupied center stage in development planning and implementation.

• Concept of “region” has not been clearly defined nor consistently delineated.

• Despite the absence of formal definition of a region in the lack of emphasis on the spatial dimension of planning, some form of “regional planning” has been going on as evidence by the following...


9

Creation of the National Planning Commission

• Established in 1950 as the only physical planning agency of the government.

• Function: preparation of the “general” plans for regional areas for the purpose of coordinating the various plans of urban areas within the region.


10

Proliferation of Multi-purpose Regional Development Authorities

• Mindanao Development Authority (Prominent among the authorities)

• Broad planning, initiating and coordination agency.• Its accomplishments were limited and it has failed to

produce a comprehensive plan for the region.• Central Luzon – Cagayan Valley Authority (CLCVA)• Provide electric power and irrigation, promoting

navigation and engaging in flood control.Short Course on Environmental PlanningDCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

11

Creation of a Resource-Based Authority - the LLDA

• Manage and plan probably the most strategic natural resource of the country – the Laguna de Bay.

• Its mandate includes the approval of plans in addition to its authority to reclaim or acquire bodies of land from the lake in pursuance of its objectives.

>>>> largely influenced by the Tennessee Valley AuthorityShort Course on Environmental PlanningDCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

12

Unfortunately…

MDA, LLDA, CLCVA did not receive sufficient financial and political support and its accomplishments fall way short of its mandate.


13

The Integrated Reorganization Plan (PD No. 1, signed in 1972), delineated the

regions of the country

• Regionalization in the country has moved in two directions:• (A) Regionalization of the administration of national sectoral

services to bring the government closer to the people (regional offices of national agencies)

• (B) Regionalization of the planning process (by RDCs) to provide a more rational framework for regional planning (complemented by the IAD/IRD projects)


14

• Projects ( foreign assisted) were to be the major instruments to trigger the growth especially of lagging regions in the country.

• Boundaries were drawn to effectively link rural production areas with market towns and urban centers thereby enhancing access to product and factor markets.

Integrated Area Development in the Philippines (1970s until 1986)


15

A major objective was to revitalize socio-economically depressed provinces and areas through an integrated approach in the provision of infra support facilities and services such as roads, irrigation, domestic water supply, health and nutrition facilities



16

• Later included provinces and areas which are considered as critical environmental and ecological areas, i.e. Palawan and Aurora

• Also, included livelihood and enterprise project which relate directly to infrastructure development



17

• Initially, under the auspices of the Cabinet Coordinating Committee on Integrated Rural Development Projects (CCC-IRDP), chaired by DA Secretary Arturo Tanco

• Later, the Nat ional Counci l on Integrated Area Development (NACIAD) was created (PD 1378), attached to the Office of the Prime Minister (Cesar E.A. Virata)



18

• Bicol River Basin Development Programme (BRBDP) in1975 – the first IRD/IAD project, funded by USAID

• Mindoro Integrated Rural Development Project, in 1975• Cagayan IAD Project, in 1977• Samar IRDP, in 1979• Palawan IAD Project, 1982• Bohol IAD Project, 1983



19

• Implemented with a defined geographic unit, within a sub-regional framework, i.e. ecological units aside from political boundaries

• Multi-sectoral in operation. Systems approach in response to problems of rural poverty which is complex and multi-dimensional. Synergy.

• Spatial integration. Linking rural production areas with market towns and urban centers

The IAD of NACIAD, as distinguished from past rural development programs


20

The IAD of NACIAD, as distinguished from past rural development programs

• Designed to generate active and meaningful participation at the grassroots

• Commitment at the highest political level

• Organizational integration with a defined coordination authority


21

Major problems encountered by NACIAD in implementing its IAD strategy (in a paper in 1988)

• Difficulty in adopting the comprehensive approach due to heavy sectoral orientation of the implementing agencies

• Difficulty of vertical and horizontal integration due to diverse planning approaches and sectoral orientation of programs and projects pursued by executing agencies

• Minimal, or lack of, grassroots participation in the areas of policy formulation, planning, implementation and evaluation of rural development programs

22

• Funding agencies: WB-IBRD, JICA, IFAD, USAID, EEC/EU, ADB

• Palawan Integrated Area Development Project• $47 M loan from ADB, 7 ECU grant from EEC, and $7 M

counterpart from GOP, for 7 years (1981-1987)• 1st phase – from Roxas going down south in Bataraza



23

• Agricultural Intensification and Diversification (AID) and Livestock Development (LD) by DA

• Agricultural Credit by Central Bank• Irrigation Development by NIA• Ports, Roads, and Rural Drinking Water Supply by DPWH• Land Classification (LC), Land Survey and Titling (LST), and

Upland Stabilization Program (USP) by DENR• Malaria Control Program by DOH



24


• Integrated Environmental Program (IEP) and Project Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation (PBME) by PIADPO of NACIAD

• Institutional Arrangements: Regional Coordinating Committee (RCC) and Project Executive Committee (PEC); multi-agency implementation, disbursement by agency, reimbursed by ADB as endorsed by PIADPO


25

• NACIAD was abolished and the overal l direct ion, coordination and supervision of IAD and similar projects were assumed by NEDA and the RDCs where the projects were located (EO 230)

• PIADPO was attached to the Office of the Governor of Palawan (PIADP was only in one province)

Integrated Area Development in the Philippines after EDSA Revolution


26

• The reorganization led to the loss of some momentum in the gains already had in the IAD approach

• The RDCs were into strategic policy-making rather than on organizing and synchronizing resources for project implementation



27

• The IAD seemed to have lost a lot of its appeal to the donor or external assisting agencies on which its initial successes mostly depended

• Most provinces lack the complement of technical expertise or experience in undertaking an integrated socio-economic development



28

• The Second PIADP (SPIADP) was implemented from 1988-1992, funded by ADB

• Through the IEP (funded by EEC), the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan towards Sustainable Development was formulated (1987) and adopted into law (RA 7611) in 1992



29


• RA 7611 created the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), under the Office of the Phil President and converted PIADPO as the PCSD Staff

• From 1995-2002, the Palawan Tropical Forestry Protection Programme (PTFPP) was implemented by PCSDS, funded (grant) by the European Union (7 M euro)


30

The problems that the IAD approach intended to respond to when it was applied are still with us today: rural poverty, growth disparity within and between regions, lack of inter-sectoral and spatial integration, environmental integrity, etc.

Still relevant today?


31


• As an approach, it is still logical and appropriate, • In fact, today the need to adopt integrated (horizontal, i.e.

area-specific) implementation in the provision of infra support facilities and services such as roads, irrigation, domestic water supply, health and nutrition facilities, are reflected in the Local Government Code of 1991, and in other development planning f rameworks (TIEZA, economic zones, NIPAS),


32


• As wel l as in pursuing ecosystem-based management (EbM) that emphasizes the interrelationship between ecosystems, i.e. the upland, lowland and coastal ecosystems (ridge-to-reef, watershed, catchment, small island, landscape, seascape)


33

A multi-disciplinary art and science of … harmonizing, managing and regulating the use and development of land and water resources… for the development of

sustainable communities and ecosystems

Environment

Planning

Development Short Course on Environmental PlanningDCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

34

Sustainable Development


35

“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs” (WCED, 1987)

Sustainable Development


36

Meeting the needs of the present >>>>>>Development

Pillars: economic development, social equity (justice), environmental integrity, cultural diversity

Intergenerational equity

Stockholm

Conference

Silent

Spring

Sus

DevEnvironmental

PlanningHabitat

1

MDGSDG


37

BNPP

Ormoc Tragedy

IAD

Rural Dev

Sus

Dev

PD 1308

RA 10587

Basic Needs

MHS

PA 21Yolanda

Ondoy


38

8 MDGs (2000-2015)


39

§eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, §achieving universal primary education, §promoting gender equality and empowering women §reducing child mortality rates, §improving maternal health, §combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, §ensuring environmental sustainability, and §developing a global partnership for development

40

17 SDGs (2016-2030)

• End poverty in all its forms everywhere• End hunger, achieve food security and improved

nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture• Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for

all at all ages• Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education

and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all


41

17 SDGs (2016-2030)

• Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

• Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

• Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

• Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all


42

17 SDGs (2016-2030)

• Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

• Reduce inequality within and among countries• Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,

resilient and sustainable• Ensure sustainable consumption and production

patterns


43

17 SDGs (2016-2030)

• Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts• Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for

sustainable development• Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,

sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

• Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

• Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development


44


45


46


47


48


49


50


51


52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60


61


62


63

A multi-disciplinary art and science of … harmonizing, managing and regulating the use and development of land and water resources… for the development of

sustainable communities and ecosystems

Environment

Planning

Development Short Course on Environmental PlanningDCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

64

REFERENCES

• Gerardo Calabia, “Regional Planning: Issues and Problems of Managing Socio-Economic and Physical Affairs”, Philippine Planning Journal Vol XXI No. 2; Vol XXII No. 1, April-October 1990

• Carmelita Rosario Eva U. Liwag, “Rural Development Planning and Administration: The Role of NACIAD as a Development Agency”, Philippine Planning Journal, Vol XIX Nos 1&2 October 1987-April 1988

• Personal notes of Ricardo M. Sandalo


65

66

THANK YOU!


Documents

INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT and other STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING€¦ · · 2017-01-062017-01-06 · INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT and other STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL