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Instrumentation and control requirements for deployment of modular High Temperature Gas
Cooled Reactor in Indonesia Widi Setiawan
Centre for Accelerator and Material Process Technology – BATAN [email protected]
Modular High Temperature Reactor as an optimal choice due to its inherent safety chracteristic, and Prof Kugeler from Forshunszentrum Juelich called modular HTGR as a 'catastrophe free‘ Reactor
Zero emission energy conversion
Hydrogen economy
Water splitting
Thermokimia Elektrokimia
Lebih ekonomis?
High Temperature Reactor Module kogenerasi
TRISO coated particle fuel
Melting free reactor
(Hydrogen as fuel for fuel cell Emission: H2O)
Light Water Reactor (PWR, BWR)
Program Jangka Panjang (Learning & Growth)
• Penempaan kemampuan teknologi proses sol-gel
Pengembangan proses pembuatan kernel UO2
• Penempaan kemampuan teknologi proses fluidized bed chemical vapour deposition
• Penempaan kemampuan teknologi proses pemisahan Zr-Hf (Zr utk pengganti Si di masa mendatang)
Pengembangan proses pelapisan kernel UO2 dengan SiC & PyC
• Penempaan kemampuan teknologi proses grafitisasi
Pengembangan proses pembuatan moderator grafit
• Penempaan kemampuan teknologi molding grafit dengan matriks kernel berlapis SiC
Pengembangan proses pembuatan bahan bakar bola
Modular High Temperature Reactor is an optimal choice because of its inherent safety characteristic
Noise thermometry at AVR (experimental HTGR) Juelich Gemany
Temperature measurement at THTR 300 Hamm Uentrop Germany
Problems in Industrial Noise Thermometry wich have to be solved 1. Sensor Material: A decisive criterion for the service life of sensors in the high temperature range (e.g. in core temperature measurement) is choosing the sensor to be compatible with the materials of the sensor environment. As the thermal noise is independent of the material used, the obvious choice in a carbon environment is carbon or graphite. 2. EMI: The detection and the avoidance or rejection of EMI (Electromagnetic interferences). Noise signal from the sensor will be chosen in a certain bandwidth and cross correlated to eliminate the uncorrelated EMI. The cross correlation is performed in frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform or time domain using time averaging. Detection and elimination of EMI in the measured signal of noise thermometer can be conducted in frequency domain (for narrow band EMI) and time domain (for wide band EMI). High attention in the design of shielding and grounding have to be performed for avoidance or rejection of EMI. 3. Transmission: The cross correlated noise signal from sensor is compared the cross correlated noise signal from another sensor which is located at a reference temperature. The measured plant temperature is calculated according this comparison. In industrial plants, the transmission of measured noise signal from sensor at plant measuring location is different to the transmission of noise signal from sensor at referance temperature. This cause a transmission error that have to be calculated to correct the measured temperature.
The other important issue of Instrumentation and control system (ICS) in Indonesia is obsolence factor. This factor arise if a module is defect and the manufacturer doesn’t produce the module anymore. This obsolescence factor cause need to import a new equipment and related to high cost and also plant down-time.
Obsolescence factor
technological & industrial infrastructure
Solution
In form of services, components and ability for refurbishing in the user country.
Experiences on this obsolence factor:
1. The instrumentation and control of TRIGA reactor at
Bandung is a computer based system, which is operated
through software. The hard disk was defect, so that the
reactor can not be operated. The TRIGA did not produce
anymore the same type of control system, so that the control
system has to be replaced with the new type.
2. A module of the S5 type PLC for Reactor 30 MW at
Serpong was defect. Siemens did not produced anymore S5
type PLC, therefore the PLC system has to be replaced with
the new type, S7 type PLC.
It will be a very serious problem, if there is only one
manufacturer which supply the module in the market or the
product is a first-of-a-kind (FOAK) technology, like noise
thermometer. Noise thermometer is also not yet provided in
the market.
Server
R. Ka.Bid.
R. Ka.Sub.Bid.
Acquisition & Control System
instrumentation & actuator
Operations Console
Reaktor
Instrumentation & Control (I&C) Development System
BATAN
RS-485 bus
Ethernet bus
MUX
Acqusition Computer
DVM
Acqusition & Control Computer
NP-1000
NM-1000
Actuator Module for 3 Control Rods
IEEE-488 bus
Vibration Analyzer (FFT & pattern recognition)
Trouble shooting expert system
RS-485 bus
Fuel Temperature Primary Coolant inletTemperature
Primary Coolant outlet Temperature Primary Coolant Debit Secondary Coolant Debit Primary Coolant Level in the tank of reactor core
Primary Coolant Pump
Process Information System Computer
Ethernet bus
SIK
BATAN Plant Server
NP-1000
NM-1000 Logic Module
NLW-2
Pre-amp
Pre-amp
FC FC CIC
Switching Module
Servo Motor Actuator for 3 Control Rods
Acquisition & Control Computer
RS-232 ADC DO DI PP
Control Algorithm PD-PID or Fuzzy
Controller
Trip Status
Position of 3 Control Rods
Thumb-wheel Power Demand
BATAN
Dynamic characteristic
of Kartini reactor
Conversion from neutron flux to power
Simulator Heat removal system
Turbine & generator
Nuclear Power Plant Dynamic Characteristic Simulator
Dynamic Characteristic of Kartini TRIGA 100 kW instead of point kinetic equation
Conclusion
Generally, the requirements of I&C Sytem for HTGR is similar to safety
critical process industries, but a credible temperature measurement is a
crutial requirement to ensure the melting free characteristic of modular
HTGR which has supported significantly to public acceptance in
Indonesia as an argument against some nuclear power plants accidents
recently.
Due to decalibration problem in the conventional temperature
measurement (thermocouple as the best practical sensor in industrial
plant at present), research on the application of noise thermometry for in-
situ calibration in high temperature industrial plants have to be conducted
intensively.
To avoid obsolescence factor, Instrumentation and control, especially if
using a FOAK technology, have to be designed as a multi vendor system
and technological & industrial infrastructure in the user country.