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Instructor E-Sources PowerPoint™ Presentation Chapter 2 Spaniards in a Far Northern Frontera. The History of Texas Harlan Davidson, Inc. Learning Outcomes (2). be knowledgeable concerning frontier institutions & their impact on Texas culture and society - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Instructor E-Sources
PowerPoint™ Presentation Chapter 2
Spaniards in a Far Northern Frontera
The History of TexasThe History of TexasHarlan Davidson, Inc.Harlan Davidson, Inc.
2History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Learning Outcomes (2)
• be knowledgeable concerning frontier institutions & their impact on Texas culture and society
• think about the implications of Indian accommodation & resistance in the Far Northern Frontera
• appreciate the relationship between Bourbon reforms & the independence movement
• cite the key components of Spain’s legacy in the colonial era
3History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Chapter 2
Spaniards in a Far Northern Frontera
• Settling New Spain’s Far NorthSettling New Spain’s Far North– Crown motivations for settlementCrown motivations for settlement
• Expand imperial control• Buffer against French & British
– Motives of frontier peoplesMotives of frontier peoples• Escape unemployment, natural disasters, excessive
taxation, ethnic prejudice, & other hardships• Opportunity to acquire land & improve economic
status
4History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
The Far Northern Frontera
• Settler problemsSettler problems– Fear relocation to unknown hinterland– Settled parts of New Spain face labor
shortages ― discourage migrations– Lack of regional infrastructure & isolation– Resistance of Native peoples
• By 1800 Spanish Texas remains least By 1800 Spanish Texas remains least inhabited part of New Spaininhabited part of New Spain
5History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Frontier Institutions
• Missions in Spanish TexasMissions in Spanish Texas– Responsibility
• Catholicism sole religion – state subsidized• Guard the Frontier• Christianize native peoples• Minister to families, soldiers, & government officials
– Missionization limited• Started 1738: Church of San Fernando in San
Antonio• Only mission in Texas at mid-eighteenth century
6History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Frontier Institutions
• Presidios in Spanish TexasPresidios in Spanish Texas– Responsibility
• Function as agents of defense• Serve as trade centers• Attract pioneers seeking security• Assist missionization process
– Discipline Indians– Help maintain mission Indian labor force
– Social & economic development• Provide work• Place to exchange goods & services
7History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
8History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Frontier Institutions
• The ranching frontier & the cattle tradeThe ranching frontier & the cattle trade– Mid-18th century cattle ranching expands– Livestock markets connect Texas to neighboring
provinces & Louisiana– Semi-subsistence agriculture develops
• Town livingTown living– Civilian settlements scarce in 18th century– Urban problems of disease & limited access to services
• Camino RealCamino Real connects Texas to Mexico connects Texas to Mexico
9History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Frontier Society
• Cultural traditions of New Spain Cultural traditions of New Spain modifiedmodified– Wide range of ethnic identities & wealth– Slavery limited – Tejana legal rights under Spanish law
• Women allowed to hold material assets• More rights than French & British North
American women
10History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Indian Accommodation & Resistance
• Hispanicized Native AmericansHispanicized Native Americans – Resistance to missionization– Warfare, disease, territorial violations,
decimate Karankawans, Jumanoes, &
Coahuiltecan culture – Caddos retain homelands until 1850s
• Apaches & Comanches resist white Apaches & Comanches resist white interlopersinterlopers
11History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
The Bourbon Reforms
• Streamlining colonial administrationStreamlining colonial administration– José de Gálvez fact-finding in Mexico
– Marqués de Rubí inspecting la frontera • End of Spanish EraEnd of Spanish Era
– Imperial intrusion resented– Secularization of Missions
• Few Native Americans Christianized or Hispanicized
– Three major settlements in place: San Antonio, Goliad, & Nacogdoches
– Illegal trade & drive for Mexican autonomy increase – Tejanos develop distinct character
12History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
The Spanish Legacy
• 300 Years of Spanish rule in Texas ends300 Years of Spanish rule in Texas ends– Few mourn passing– Case for relocation never strong
• Spanish influence in TexasSpanish influence in Texas– Cultural
• Language & geographical nomenclature • Cuisine & architecture
– Community property laws– Debtor protection
13History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.
Key Words & Terms (2)
Mexican Era (1821-1836)MissionspresidiosranchostownsfarmstownsTejanasDona Maria Hinojosa de BalliBourbon ReformsMiguel Hidalgo de CostillaJuan Bautista de las CasasBernardo Gutierrez de Lara
Spanish terms & words mestizaje Indios barbarosrancherosvaqueros
Islenospresidiogente de razoncabildomunicipioalcaldeacequiacorridospeninsulares
Diez y Seis de Septiembrereconquistaconquistadores