Instructivo Cost Excel

7/23/2019 Instructivo Cost Excel

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Quick Tour of Microsoft Excel Solver

Month Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total

Seasonality 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2

Units Sold 3,592 4,390 3,192 4,789 15,962

Sa es Revenue $143,662 $175,587 $127,700 $191,549 $638,498 Color CodinCost of Sales 89,789 109,742 79,812 119,718 399,061

Gross Margin 53,873 65,845 47,887 71,831 239,437 Tar et cell

Sa es orce 8,000 8,000 9,000 9,000 34,000 Chan in cellsAdvertising 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 40,000

Cor !ver ea 21,549 26,338 19,155 28,732 95,775 ConstraintsTotal Costs 39,549 44,338 38,155 47,732 169,775

"rod# "ro$t $14,324 $21,507 $9,732 $24,099 $69,662

"ro$t Margin 10% 12% 8% 13% 11%

"roduct "rice $40.00

"roduct Cost $25.00

The following ea!"les show #o how to wor with the !o&el a'o(e to sol(e for one (ale or se(eral

(ales to !ai!i)e or !ini!i)e another (ale, enter an& change constraints, an& sa(e a "ro'le! !o&el.

Row Contains Explanation3 *ie& (ales +easonalit# factor sales are higher in -arters 2 an& 4,

an& lower in -arters 1 an& 3.

5 35/3/113000 *orecast for nits sol& each -arter row 3 contains

the seasonalit# factor row 11 contains the cost of

a&(ertising.

6 5/$$18 +ales re(ene forecast for nits sol& row 5 ti!es

"rice cell 18.

7 5/$$19 Cost of sales forecast for nits sol& row 5 ti!es

"ro&ct cost cell 19.

8 67 ross !argin sales re(enes row 6 !ins cost of

sales row 7.

10 *ie& (ales +ales "ersonnel e"enses.

11 *ie& (ales &(ertising '&get a'ot 6.3% of sales.

12 0.15/6 Cor"orate o(erhea& e"enses sales re(enes row 6

ti!es 15%.

13 +:1012 Total costs sales "ersonnel e"enses row 10 "ls

a&(ertising row 11 "ls o(erhea& row 12.

15 813 ;ro&ct "ro


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Ane wa# #o can se +ol(er is to &eter!ine the !ai!! (ale of a cell '# changing another cell. The

two cells !st 'e relate& throgh the for!las on the worsheet. Bf the# are not, changing the (ale in

one cell will not change the (ale in the other cell.

*or ea!"le, in the sa!"le worsheet, #o want to now how !ch #o nee& to s"en& on a&(ertising

to generate the !ai!! "ro3 when the sales res"onse is lowest. se +ol(er to &eter!ine

the 'est -arterl# allocation.

&iscar& the reslts an& retrn all cells to their for!er (ales.

?o(e Dst ase& +ol(er to sol(e a !o&eratel# co!"le nonlinear o"ti!i)ation "ro'le! that is, to


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Example $) (roduct mix pro"lem wit diminising pro4t margin5

?or co!"an# !anfactres TIs, stereos an& s"eaers, sing a co!!on "arts in(entor# Color Codingof "ower s""lies, s"eaer cones, etc. ;arts are in li!ite& s""l# an& #o !st &eter!ine

the !ost "ro


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cell

ing cells

raints


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Example 8) Transportation (ro"lem5

:ini!i)e the costs of shi""ing goo&s fro! "ro&ction "lants to warehoses near !etro"olitan &e!an&

centers, w i e not ecee ing t e s"" # a(ai a e ro! eac " ant an !eeting t e e!an ro! eac

!etro"olitan area.

'u()er to shi fro( lant to /arehouse y at intersection Color Coding"lants Total San 5ran .enver Chicago .allas 'e/ 6or&

+. Carolina 5 1 1 1 1 1 TargetTennessee 5 1 1 1 1 1

ri)ona 5 1 1 1 1 1 Chan

Totals 3 3 3 3 3 Const

.e(ands )y 7hse ++, 180 80 200 160 220

"lants Suly Shiing costs fro( lant to /arehouse y at intersection

+. Carolina 310 10 8 6 5 4

Tennessee 260 6 5 4 3 6

ri)ona 280 3 4 5 5 9

Shiing .19 $19 $17 $15 $13 $19

The "ro'le! "resente& in this !o&el in(ol(es the shi"!ent of goo&s fro! three "lants to


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cell

ing cells

raints


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Staff Scheduling

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Example 9) (ersonnel sceduling for an Amusement (ark5

*or e!"lo#ees woring


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Staff Scheduling

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Target cell

Changing cells

Constraints


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Example ,) :orking Capital Management5

Jeter!ine how to in(est ecess cash in 1!onth, 3!onth an& 6!onth CJs so as to

!ai!i)e interest inco!e while !eeting co!"an# cash re-ire!ents "ls safet# !argin.

6ield Ter( "urchase C.s in (onths

1+(o C.s 1.0% 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 an& 6 "nterest

3+(o C.s 4.0% 3 1 an& 4 Earned:

9+(o C.s 9.0% 6 1 Total .;6;--

Month: Month # Month $ Month % Month & Month ' Month ( End Color Codi"nit ash: $400,000 $205,000 $216,000 $237,000 $158,400 $109,400 $125,400

Matur Ds: 100,000 100,000 110,000 100,000 100,000 120,000

"nterest: 1,000 1,000 1,400 1,000 1,000 2,300

#)mo Ds: 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

%)mo Ds: 10,000 10,000

()mo Ds: 10,000

ash *ses: 75,000 10,000 20,000 80,000 50,000 15,000 60,000

End ash: $205,000 $216,000 $237,000 $158,400 $109,400 $125,400 $187,700

290000

Bf #ore a


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o(er in !onth 4 is !ore than sHcient for the e-i"!ent "a#!ent in !onth 5. ?o(e tra&e& a'ot $460 in

interest inco!e to gain this Pei'ilit#.


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ng

Target cell

Changing cells

Constraints


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Example %) E


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allocations in 'oth cases that sr"ass the rle of 20 "ercent across the 'oar&.

?o can earn a ig er rate o retrn 17.1 "ercent or t e sa!e ris , or #o can re ce #or ris wit ot

gi(ing " an# retrn. These two allocations 'oth re"resent eHcient "ortfolios.

+o (er is" a#s a !essage as ing i #o want to reset t e crrent +o (er o"tion settings wit t e settings

!pt ons, c ic 3oa Mo e , se ect ce s J21J29 on t e wor s eet, an t en c ic !'nti t e

Solver (arameters&ialog 'o is &is"la#e&. Clic Solve. s #o can see, +ol(er


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E,ample (: +alue o- a resistor in an electrical circuit.

*in& the (ale of a resistor in an electrical circit that will &issi"ate the charge to 1

"ercent of its original (ale within onetwentieth of a secon& after the switch is close&.

+witchM

-0 9 (olts Color Coding-QtR 0.09 (olts

t 0.05 secon&s Target cellatter# Ca"acitor C Bn&ctor N N 8 henr#s

C 0 fara&s Changing cells

Oesistor O 300 oh!s Constraints O

1=N/C 1250 -QtR 0.25

O=2/N2 351.5625

+>OT1516 29.973947

CA+T/17 0.0720365

O/T=2/N 0.9375

>0/ES;19 3.5244506

This !o&el &e"icts an electrical circit containing a 'atter#, switch, ca"acitor, resistor, an&in&ctor. Gith the switch in the left "osition, the 'atter# charges the ca"acitor. Ghen the switch

is t rown to t e rig t, t e ca"acitor isc arges t rog t e in ctor an t e resistor, ot o

which &issi"ate electrical energ#.

sing irchho@s secon& law, #o can for!late an& sol(e a &i@erential e-ation to &eter!ine

how the charge on the ca"acitor (aries o(er ti!e. The for!la relates the charge -QtR at ti!e t

to t e in ctance N, resistance O, an ca"acitance C o t e circit e e!ents.

se +o (er to "ic an a""ro"riate (a e or t e resistor O gi(en (a es or t e in ctor N an

the ca"acitor C that will &issi"ate the charge to one "ercent of its initial (ale within

onetwentieth of a secon& after the ti!e the switch is thrown.

(ro"lem Speci4cations

Target cell 15 oal is to set to (ale of 0.09.

C anging ce 12 Oesistor.

Constraints J15J20 lge'raic soltion to irchho@s law.

This "ro'le! an& soltion are a""ro"riate for a narrow range of (ales the fnction re"resente&

# t e c arge on t e ca"acitor o(er ti!e is acta # a a!"e sine wa(e.

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Instructivo Cost Excel