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Title ダグール語の語彙におけるツングース諸語との共通要素について

Author(s) 風間, 伸次郎

Citation 北方人文研究, 8, 1-23

Issue Date 2015-03-31

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/58443

Type bulletin (article)

File Information 08_01_kazama.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/about.en.jsp

1

1

(2009)

1640

1 2010 13 1992

isolated languages

4 162017

10 1732 28 1763 (2013: 1, 10)

2

(2009: 244)

(1988)

1955 2,566 1,780 69.3%144 5.6% 2

150 5.8% 146 5.7%, 140/ 6169 6.6%

1956 2,000 46.1%3.15% 3.95% 46.8%

1988 5,439 2,502 46%

681 12.5% 457 8.4%1,791 32.9% 3 46-69.2%

3.15-12.5% 3.95-8.4%6.5-46.8%

50%10%

20% (1988: 485-486) 1 1955

1955 150 (1988)

2 (1996: 178),

(1989: 1059)

3

/ bii / bi , šii / si , xulaan / fulgiyan , omul /omolo , aiš / aisi , ul / šolo , a / ah n , d u / deo (1988: 501)

ardii / akjan , xakur / fak ri, guu / gu , xal / hala , mokun / muk n

(1988: 501) (1988)

j k ~iik , barool , doo , r l ,

am’naan , n n , nannaak n , ab r (1988: 514)

n , nik aa , p ntuu, uurm n 2 , jal rmaan 3, aabkaat , bainaa aa (1988: 514)

(1988)

8 12 15 11

6 8 512 4

muk n || muxus n la || laxa p ntuum - || p ntum si- tooroo || 3.3.1. k gwr n~k gwr kw || 3.3.1.

4

1.1.

- (1983) 3

(1983)

(1983) e > ,

q > , j > , x > š, y > j (1984)

(1984) (1983) (1984)

: :: :

6 A. (1984) B. (1984) C. (1984)

D. (1984)

E. (1984) F. (1984)

Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977)

3

25

5

Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977)

Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) I IV Ikegami 1974

1996

I (Ek) ; (Ew) ; (S) ; (N) ; (Na K-U)

; II (Oc) ; (U) ; (Hz) ; III (Ut) ; (Ul) ; (Na) ; (Na Bk); IV (Ma) ; (J)

Ag ; D ; E ; I; Nak

B ; Bnt ; Brg ; V ; V-L; N ; P-T ; S ; Tkm ; U

A ; Ald ; V-Am ; Vl ; Vtm ; Z

; Kch ; M ; Nrch ; Olkm ; Skh ; Tk; Tmt ; Tng ; Tp ; Tt ; Urm ; Uchr

; Khng ; Chlm ; Chmk

{P.Mo} ; {sr.Mo} ; {M} ; {Bur} ;

{K} ; {dr.Tjurk} ; {Jak} ;

6

Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) Tsintsius et al.

(1975, 1977) Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) (Ek)

(1984) Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977)

(Ek) (Ew) (S) (N) (Oc) (U) (Ul) (Ut) (Na) (Ma) (J) A. F. 3.1. 3.6.

:

a Tsintsius et al.(1975, 1977) aoši

(Ek: Ald, V-L, Z, S, Skh, Tng, Uchr, Khng, Chmk, Tit) awus, (N), (Oc), (U), (Ul), (Na) b n r (Ek: Brg, V-L, S-B, Urm, Khng) b n r, (Ew), (N), (Oc), (U), (Ul), (Na) {K} myeneuri rg l üker (Ek: Ald, Brg, Z, Kch, Tp, Uchr, Khng) hukur, o us < {Jak},

(S) uxur , gg l doo (Ew)(Ut)

7

baar baaralb i4

baani (Ek) boona, (Ew)

aoši , b n r, baanirg l, doo, baar, baaralb i

(1984)

5

bainaa aa t rk n (Ek) tirk n

(Ek: Brg, Nrch, Urm) tirkuu , (S), (Ew), (N), (U) k , (Na) ks n (< tik n) , (Ma), {P.Mo} ig p ntuu (Ek: Z, M, S-B,

Urm, Uchr, Khg) p ntu (Oc), (Ul), (Na), (Ma) p ntuum b i(Na) puntum si- tatandaa (Ek: Ald, A, Z,

Skh, Tmt, Tt, Urm, Uchr, Chmk) tat- 6 tatkaam uu ikaamii(Ek: M, Z, S, Tt) ikaa- (Ew),

(N), (Ut) uurm n irmüsün irmüsün 2

(Ek) uur (Ek: Z, Skh, Tng, Urm, Uchr, Chmk) uurm n jalarmaan3 (Ek) ilan , (Ek: Ald, Z, Skh, Tng, Urm, Uchr, Chm)

ilarman jallaan p ntuu

(Ek) p ntuu panty

7

4 baaralbei baaral- -bei (1989: 602) (1984)

5 17

6 {M} dad- (1983: 122) 7

8

3.3.1. 3.3.2.

3.3.3. 3.3.4.

sarmilt (Ek) sarimi- (Ek: P-T, Ald, Brg, N, Tk, Urm, Chlm) sarimikta, (J) {P.Mo} sormusun (S)

sammikta~sammitta~sarmilta

-kta

*sar(i)mikta (Ek) sarimi-

amaa aminaan (Ek) amaa(Ek: Skh, Urm) amnan , (Ew), (N), (Oc), (Ut), (Na) b n sul

2.1. b n r b n r

ukuk n (Ek) b k (Ew), (S)

(Ek) w k

, (Na) uk etc.

domol Sem (1976: 153) (Na Bk) domoliomol 2.5. : k mul

Sem (1976: 165) (Na Bk) komoli

šomol ui (Ma), (J)3

9

domol k mul (Na Bk) (Na Bk) (1996: 134) (Na K-U) (Hz)

ui (1984) : M zee

P. Mo ige, (1983: 202) and (Ek) anda (Ew) (S) {P.Mo} anda

in (Ek) dii {P.Mo} e en(Ek: Ald, Brg, V-L, Btm, Z, Nrch, S-B, Skh,

Tng, Urm, Uchr, K) n kongoo (S) xo goo, (N), (Oc), (Ul), (Ut), (Na)(S) xo go ko go - g- I IIIII

{P.Mo} (Ma) (Ma)(Ma) dutu

and in

kongoo8

gaaran (Ek) gara gara n {P.Mo}

ar ataakii (Ek) atakii (U), (Ma), (J) uk n (Ek) uku n (S), (J)

(Ek) uku n~ uk n~ uk n~ uk sjonbaak aan (Ek) buka aan (S), (N), (Ma), (J)

(Ma) buksa(Ek: Uchr, E, S-B, Skh, Urm, Chmk, S) d r n (Ek) d r n

(Ma), (J) (Ek) d r n P-T, Ald, E, N, Skh, Tng, Urm, Uchr kakraa (S) xaxraa

gaaran kakraa

8 {M} dulij, {P. Mo} dülüi (1990: 244)ko goo {M} xongil, {P. Mo} qonggil

(1983: 474) (1990: 364)

1

10

atirkaan (Ek) ati (Ek: Z) atirkaa aa (Ul), (Na), (J) I (Ek) atirkaan

k ngul n (Ek) ki l (S), (Ma), (J)(Ek) ki l P-T, Ald, Z, N, Nrch, Uchr, Chlm

gisoor (Ek) gis (U) (Ek: P-T) gisu, (S) gis , (Na) gisil (Ek: P-T, Ald, Z. N, Urm, Uchr, K, S, S-B, Tit, Nrch) tooroo (Ek) turu (Ew), (U)

{P.Mo} tura , {dr.Tjurk} tur- turu~tura moli b i

(Oc) m u-~m wu-, (Ul), (Ut), (Na)9

k ngul n

tooroo

madan (Ek) mudan (Oc), (Ut), (Ma), (J)

mudan kaltag (Ek) kaltaka {P.Mo} xaltas, {M} xaltas

madan

kaltag -g~-k || -s

a b i a inab i (Ek) ar a (J)I ar a- (N) al a-~at a- (Ma) a a-

b i b i (Ek) b juu- (Ma), (J) gu n b igu j (Ek) gu j (Ma)

(Ek) gu j (S) gu n- I(2011: 36) (S) gu jee

9 {M} bööl-, {P. Mo} bögele- (1983: 63)

11

II III (Ma)

guuruub iguuruul (S)

p.c. ilaan (Ek) ila-(Ew), (J) (Ek), (S) ilan, ilãã

tatb i (Ek), (Oc), (Ul), (Na), (Ma), (J) (Ek)

{P.Mo} tata- aandaab i(Ek) aandaa-, (S) aandaa-, (Ew) oont -

tatb i guuruub itatb i

aandaab ichang4

guuruub i

t nn n (Ek) to no (Ew) to do~tondo (S) tondooxõ, (Ma) tondo

to no (Ek: P-T, E, Z, I, N, Nrch, K) nannaakan

(S) nandaaxan d n

baraan (Ek) baranI (Ut), (Ma) {Bur} baran, {dr.Tjurk} barïn, baru

(Ek: P-T, Ald, Z, Nak, Skh, Urm, Uchr, Chmk) lk(Ek) lk (Ew), (J)

(Ma) {P.Mo} engke

nannaakan (S) nandaxaan i(S), (Ew), (N), (Ul), (Ut)

(S) nandaaxan šak (1996: 134) (Hz) siakdu, xiaok,

(Na Bk) s’ææoxo{K}~s’oxo, (Na K-U) s’axu Tsintsius et al.(1975, 1977)

t nn n3.5. tond

t nn ntond

12

baraan I

lk

nannaakan

šak

k p r k p r (N) k pur k pur, (Oc), (U), (Ut), (Na)saar saar (Ek) sarkama (Ew), (U), (J)

tiak tiak (N) tee tee , (Oc), (U), (Ul), (Ut), (Na)(Na) tiak tiak tee tee

3 k p r k p rtiak tiak

II III IV)

3.4.1. 3.4.2. 3.4.3.

3.4.4.

3.4.5.

b j bey-e (Ek) b j {P.Mo} beje(n)horoo quruGu (Ek) huru un {sr.Mo} heregei,

13

{P.Mo} erekei 10 (Ek: Ald, Skh, Urm, Uchr, Chlm) huru un

huad quda (Ek) kuda, (N), (Oc), (Ul), (Na), (Ma), (J)

{P.Mo} xuda(Ek)

noon nuGun (Ek) n kuun {P.Mo} noko~noxo

m rg n mergen (Ek) m rg n ii (Ew), (J){P.Mo} mergen

mori mori (Ek) murin {P.Mo} morin mowo moGuisaa ig šaGa aGai (Ek) saksa (N), (Oc), (Ul),

(Ut), (Na), (Ma) I {P.Mo} sa a i ai saksa an (1989: 324)

mangi s manggir(Ek: Nrch, K) ma ehun {P.Mo} mangir, manggisu(n)

oloo ilaGu (Ek) olo (J){P.Mo} ilagun (2013: 7) 2

h in kei (Ek) din{P.Mo} 11 -d-

(1990: 591) kei k i, ki

antaa amta (Ek) amta {P.Mo} amtan etc. arag arG-a (Ek) arga (Ew), (N)

{P.Mo} ar a etc. duli düli(Ek) dulin

{P.Mo} duli 12 dur düri (Ek) durun(Ew), (J) {P.Mo} düri

10 Tsintsius et al. (1977) {P.Mo} erekei quruGu-n (1983: 499)

11 kei din 12 (1983: 146) dul(en)

14

g g gege (Ek) rii {P.Mo} gegegen etc. oblon obalang (Ek) o or

(Ma) obolon etc. {P.Mo} oba-

kooli qauli (Ul) kaali, (Na), (Ma), (J) {P.Mo} xauligui1lie4

ku kücü(Ek) kusii- (Oc)

{P.Mo} kü ün šigi siGui (Ek) si ii(S), (J) {P.Mo} si uiw il üile (Ek) ul hit (Ek), (Ew), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma), (J)

(Ek), (Ew) {Jak} (Ul), (Ut), (Na) (Ma) (Mo) {P.Mo} üile konoo konoor qonoG (Ek) konuk , (S), (Ew) (S) (Mo) (Ek) (Ew) {Jak}

{P.Mo} xonu- sanaa sanaG-a(Ek) sanaa , (S) (Ek) {Jak} (S) (Mo)

{P.Mo} sana- {P.Mo}

dal dal i (Na), (Ma) {P.Mo}

argi ariki (Ek) arakii (J) {P.Mo} arakibarkan burqan (Ek) burkaan (S), (Oc), (Na) {P.Mo}

burxan budaa budaG-a (Ek) buda(N), (Oc), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma), (J) {P.Mo} buda a

gokoo goq-a (Ek) goko (S), (Ew), (U) {P.Mo} oxusarp sabq-a (S) sarpa (Ek), (Ew)

{P.Mo} sabxa (Ek), (Ew)

(J)toli

toli-n (Ek) tooleen~tole , (S), (N), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma)(Ek) {P.Mo} toli(n)

mungu mönggü (Ek) m un {P.Mo} mönggünaas aGasu (Ek) alban

{P.Mo} a alsu(n)~ a arsu(n)~ a asu(n) šil šölü (Ek) sil (J) {P.Mo} šilün t r g terge

(Ek) t rg (S), (Ma) {P.Mo} terge(n)

15

bodb i bodu- (Ek) bodo- (Ew), (N), (J){P.Mo} bodu- dawaa dabaG-a dawaab i daba-(Ek) dawa- (S), (J) {P.Mo}

daba- k r b i ker i- (Ek) k r i-, (N), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma) {P.Mo} k r i-

maltb i malta- (Ek) malta-, (S), (Ma) {P.Mo} malta- milkub i mölkü- (Ek) mirki-

{P.Mo} mo ai , mölkü- o b io u- (U) o o-, (Na), (Ma) o i-~o u- onob iunu- (Ek) u -/k- (Ew), (J) {P.Mo} unu-

tanib i tani- tanil tanil tanil b itanil a- (Ek) taa - (J) {P.Mo} ta a-

13 jadarb i yadara- (Ek) jadakuu (Ew), (Ut), (J) {P.Mo} jada-

14

bali balai (Ek) bali (S) {P.Mo} balai15 bajin bayan (Ek) bajan (Ew)

{P.Mo} bajan rd erte (Ek) rd, (S), (Ew), (Na), (Ma), (J) {P.Mo} erte hairan

qayir-a (Ek) kajree (N), (Ut), (J){P.Mo} xaira, xairalal katuu

qataGu katan qataGu(Ek) kataa- (U)

(Ek), (S), (Ma) {P.Mo}k uu ke egüü (Ek) k t , (Oc), (U)k tu,

(Ul), (Ut), (Na)k tu {P.Mo} ketü largi n narGiyan

(Ek) largii , (Ul), (Na), (Ma) {P.Mo} l

bonbor bömbüge-n (Ek) bumbuk , (U), (Na), (Ma)

13 tanibei {P.Mo} ta a- {M} tani- {P. Mo} tani- (1983: 360)

14 jadarbei {P.Mo} jada- {M} jadra- {P. Mo} yadara- (1983: 667)

15 {M} soxor {P. Mo} soqur (1983: 335) (1990: 608) {P. Mo} balai

16

{Bur} bümb g bümb g r

D.

Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) {P.Mo}

d rdb i degde- d gii takiy-a (Ek) d - (Ek) d ii

Tsintsius et al. (1975) d -d - {P.Mo} d gd -

16 d gii -gd- -rd-

d rd-daram daram-a (Ek) darama

{P.Mo} (1983: 128) daram (daruma)salaa salaG-a (Ek) halan

(Ew), (S), (J) {P.Mo} 17

(Ul) paala(n), (Na) paalaa, (Ma) fasalan, mataa mata-

(Ul) mataxa , (Na) {P.Mo}{Jak} batama~mata a etc.

Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) (2011)

16 d - {M} degdeexij {P. Mo} degdekei (1983: 151)

17 Tsintsius et al. (1977) {M} salaa(n), {P. Mo} salaG-a-n (1983: 322) V-aa / V-ee

dab-aa -aa id-ee -ee *s h halaan

17

mangil mangnai ma g l (S) ma il (Mo) {P.Mo} manglai olor olus lar (S) olor~olur (Mo)

{P.Mo} ulus s r

k r g kereg x r g (Ek) k r {P.Mo} kereg gerek (1989: 146)

k g g bi i-g

p.c. aruunariGun ar kk n d edüge d gaibii

GayiGui go ori orui oreešurkul idkür šukk l ungu öngge u gu

(1984) :

bilgaar gaawu monio it n n n

suar koldoon orwoidaailgaa ardii uku giad

saran igaa ak anaku škomol s b amban g r n

hal gurun gürün niakan kotonqota bait banig durun

nduur rg n gašaanGa aG-a giaan ka in mugd n s b in

ta in ta ku mudaan rint ni uaart n ani ani bi jalanbi

ningunbi nadanbi akunbiujinbi uanbi nadarmaan

18

7

aišilb i ban ibuub i ban inab itb i takurb i ta b i pan b i son b i

d ribuub i doolonku doo-batb i bataal bataa in

tond tondookon tulgi nn u al ban tii sardi

daa l wun s b intii i ilii n umai utkai

ardii sardi(Ek) agdii || (U) agdi || (Na) ag i || (Ma) ag an (Ek)

sagdii || (U) sagdi || (Na) sag i || (Ma) sakda -gd- -rd-

giad niakan (Ek) gida || (U) gida || (Na) gida || (Ma) gida (U) ni ka || (Na) nikan || (Ma) nikan

i{M} ad, {P. Mo} ida (1983: 162)

band n bandang bi nš bansi daajaan ang un

angoid k udii koo pi aanuidun üidêng giaa tunšilb i gan in

bai

19

( )

5 10

Ag (0); D (0); E (3); I(1); Nak (1)

B (0); Bnt (0); Brg (5); V (0); V-L(3); N (4); P-T (7); S (4); Tkm

(0); U (0) A (1); Ald (11); V-Am (0); Vl (0); Vtm

(0); Z (12); Kch (1); M (2); Nrch (6); Olkm(0); Skh (10); Tk (1); Tmt (1); Tng (5); Tp

(1); Tt (2); Urm (14); Uchr (13); Khng (3); Chlm (3); Chmk (5)

20

0.

10 5 aošitatandaa jalarmaan 3

in baraan 5 4 d r ngisoor 2

solwoi solugai (Tr) sol (1989: 342)Öztopçu et al. (1996)

(1983) solgoi solu ai

t t r(Ut) taatari (1997: 197)

tereeter tertee

(Na K-U) (Hz) (Na B-K)

21

1983 : (DAOR NIAKAN BULKU BITEG).

1984 005 :

.

1988 004 :

.

Ikegami, J.

1979 Versuch einer Klassifikation der tungusischen Sprachen, Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Völker, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

1989 2 , 1058-1083

.

1997 .

1996 109 117-139,

.

22

2011

.

1989 2 , 597-603 .

1983 .

2013 KOTONOHA 124. 1-13.

Öztopçu, Kurtulu , Zhoumagaly Abuov, Nasir Kambarov and Youssef Azemoun

1996 Dictionary of the Turkic languages. London and New York: Routledge. Sem, L. I.

1976 Ocherki dialektov Nanajskogo jazyka Bikinskij (ussurijskij) dialekt. Leningrad: Nauka.

1990 .

.

1989 .

Tsintsius, V. I. et al.

1975, 1977 Sravnitel’nyj slovar’ tunguso-man’chzhurskikh jazykov, Materily k etimologicheskomu slovarju, tom 1, 2. Leningrad: Nauka.

1996 110: 177-190.

2009 7.2

2 243-253, .

23

On the common lexical elements between Tungusic and Dagur

Shinjiro KAZAMA

Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

Dagur is one of the Mongolic languages which had been in contact with Tungusic from the oldest period. In this paper I examine common lexical elements between Dagur and Tungusic, and try to decide whether these elements are 1. from Mongolic to Tungusic, or 2. from Tungusic to Mongolic. Through the examination on these elements I consider the homeland of Dagur and the history of the contacts between Mongolic and Tungusic.

First, I extract common lexical elements with Tungusic from Enhebatu (1983) and Enhebatu et al. (eds.) (1984) (Dagur dictionaries). And I divided those common lexical elements into the following 6 groups:

A. The words noted as from Solon; B. The words noted as from Ewenki; C. The words without any notes about the borrowing source and without the

corresponding Mongolian literary forms; D. The words without any notes about the borrowing source and with the

corresponding Mongolian literary forms; E. The words noted as from Manchu; F. The words noted as from Chinese

In conclusion, I point out the following points: (1) The words which Dagur borrowed from Tungusic are mainly found in the semantic

domains of body-parts, families, plants, animals, hunting and shamanism. (2) The words which Tungusic borrowed from Mongolic consist of words with abstract

meaning and of cultural elements. Onomatpeia is also borrowed. (3) Some words are obsereved which illustrate the contact of Dagur with ‘the Amur

middle-basin linguistic area’ (consisting of (Na K-U), (Hz) and (Na B-K), cf. Kazama (1996)).

(4) On the problem of the Dagur homeland, according to the distribution of Ewenki dialects which have common elements with Dagur, I estimate the homeland as the left shore of the Amur around the Zeya, the Bureya and the Urmi river.