Instruction Beyond Telling

If telling was the same thing as teaching we would all be so smart we could hardly stand it

Capt. Vasileios Kloudas FRAeSDr. Tina Coclami

Despite our Efforts we are asymptotic

Lost Pilot Motivation and we are plateauing….

Doing more of the same will take us any further & address future challenges ?

The Future

So far: Recipe Solutionsfor Difficult problems

Δ Training Needs-> Δ Instructional Approach

Progress+ Environment = More Sophisticated + Effective Training

How to sustain life long learning & give something meaningful to all ?

Enjoy Training

In the recurrent simulator handbook the Training Manager closes the introduction

with a wish: Enjoy Training !

but

who is really enjoying training ?

Influence Of Personality On Training

In the training of our multicultural team of pilots

we always take into consideration the fact that the new knowledge

will ‘stick’

on a person’s already installed personality elements

Thus, the same information, each of students processes it

differently according to his/her:

Personality Traits

Experiences

Aviation training themes

Pilot Selection

Human Element

Contents

Methodologies

Use of Technology

DataEfficiency

It is really a question of focus !

Point of InterestWe focused too much on the content and the medium!

Because of systemic momentum it seems that we forgotten: learning is a process

Learning is more than absorbing facts, it is acquiring understanding

Teaching is more than imparting knowledge, it is inspiring change

Pilot

Subject

Instructor

Training Management

Training Design

Kevin & Hargis 2012

Impact

“There are times you ask a question and all it does is put a target on your back”

n:1000 pilots. Replies: mostly from regions with high safety records

54% stated as the primary cause: Instructor intimidation

Did you have a negative training experience in the last 5 years?

Did your last sim session raised your confidence ?

Impact

A key realization:

Implicit or explicit messages, can destroy the whole training process:

“Now we will make you Captain”

“ When you brief the Cabin Crew look in your iPad to give a more

professional image”

Affective Domain How do people learn?

Aviation Training gives emphasis on

- the cognitive domain which is the straightforward acquisition of knowledge and not

- the affective domain which is essential for learning since the focus is on trainee’s emotions and interests

The affective domain is the most important but the least understood

Affective Cognitive Behavioral

ProfessionalismAttitude

Application of Procedures

Flight Path

LeadershipTechnical Knowledge

CommunicationWorkload ManagementDecision Making

TIP PIT

Pilot Competency= K S A

Affective Domain How do people learn?

Aviation Training gives emphasis on

- the cognitive domain which is the straightforward acquisition of knowledge and not

- the affective domain which is essential for learning since the focus is on trainee’s emotions and interests

The affective domain is the most important but the least understood

Affective Cognitive Behavioral

ProfessionalismAttitude

Application of Procedures

Flight Path

LeadershipTechnical Knowledge

CommunicationWorkload ManagementDecision Making

TIP PIT

Pilot Competency= K S A

An experienced Airline Pilot decision, is in fact, an ethical decision, driven by values, affected by Attitude and it is trainable

The Plan

1. Shift our Point of InterestHuman-Centric: Process vs Content

Positive:

For every 100 articles on Pilot Error… not even 1 for Pilot Strengths

How many PC items due to pilot strengths ?

Reconnect with multi-disciplinary research

2. Instructor DevelopmentRole- Model: Give them the experience, we ask them to deliver

3. Prodromal Training Phase (PTP) Early adaptation to individual differences beyond a CV

Pilot: Strengths + Weaknesses

Learning Objective: Mastery vs Standards

Instructor Development

After formal training, a non-jeopardy development program,spread in time, leading to Instructor Mastery

He who dares to teach must never cease to learnAnonymous

Methodology

✓ Modular ✓ Hybrid structure ✓ Different learning strategies

Prodromal Training Phase

Instrument

Pre-Contact

5’ Minutes

BRIEFING

5 Steps:1. Stress- Anxiety2. Expectations3. Background4. False Memories5. Personality Influence

✓ Understand Entry Behavior ✓ Start building the relationship

✓ Take the tools to address the affective domain

PTP- Instrument

Instrument

Pre-Contact

5’ Minutes

No two students are alike. The average fits no one.

Prior Knowledge

Past Performance

Experience

Student SWOT

SR: Needs

SR: Strengths

SR: Skill vs Session

Affective EB

Motivation

Mood

Stress

ATT towards learning

HAZ ATT Pre-disposition

Personality Differences

Demographics

MBTI

BIG 5

Learning Style

Cognitive Style

SR: Expectations

Differentiate Stress from AnxietyStress which is a normal response to something new and could even act as a motivation to learn or anxiety which is an obstacle to learn

We have to distinguish and focus to what we can change

We can’t change Personality

But we can change AttitudeWe can’t change IQ

But we can change EQ

Turboprop Fleet

remember

2nd ExpectationsLearning to

- diagnose and

- assess motivation

You can take a lot of info from just one question!Remember

3rd Background In which country did the pilot grow up?

complete his training?

4th False Memories

A person's memory is highly susceptible to suggestions from conversations with other people:

"Your memory is not a recording device.It's more like a Wikipedia page.

You can change it, but other people can, too“ (Loftus, 1997)

Paradox

Turboprop Fleet

This is the

To demand changes of ‘attitude’

I ask you to ‘be spontaneous’

which means that I demand for a behaviour that

cannot happen if I request it to ‘be spontaneous’!

in the effort to change an action not to be taken on the wrong level

Finally keep in mind

example

Learner’s skills & knowledge

before training

Learner’s skills & knowledge after training

Pre-training behavior Post-training behavior

Training starting here is a waste of resources

Training starting here,

causes a learning

gap

Best point

of entry for

learning

The need for PDP

Having flown for 30 years..

Having flown B737 for 30 years I left the A320 type rating having practiced

repeatedly already known items but without understanding the philosophy

Conclusion

Πάντων χρημάτων μέτρον έστιν άνθρωπος…

Man is the measure of all things which are, that they are…

Protagoras, fr. 1

Conclusion

Point of Interest

Instructor Development

Training Effectiveness

Prodromal Training Phase

Pilot Motivation

Learning Effectiveness

Pilot Performance

Conclusion

✓Change the point of interest: Human & Positive

✓Develop (besides training) your Instructors: Have them feel how mastery feels like

✓Focus on the Prodromal Training Phase: Understand and address the individual

✓Bridge the gap between the evolving learning theory and the fixed instructional practice

Pilots want improved training for enhanced Safety, Confidence building and Improved performance

A Closing Thought

Quiz:When the first study on the relationship between pilot motivation and performance was conducted ?

A Closing Thought

Quiz:When the first study on the relationship between pilot motivation and performance was conducted ?

1947

A Closing Thought

Quiz:When the first study on the relationship between pilot motivation and performance was conducted ?

1947“Capitalize on Pilots’ intrinsic motivation,

self-enhancement and love of flying”

Thank you for your

attention !

Ευχαριστούμε για την

προσοχή σας !