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INSTRUCT-O-GRAMTHE HANDS ON TRAINING GUIDE
FOR THE FIRE INSTRUCTOR
VOLUME XI, ISSUE 9 HOSE OPERATIONS SEPTEMBER 1990
HOSE OPERATIONSINSTRUCTOR TASK
To use hose lines within a structure to attack fire,assist in rescue, cover exposures and gain control ofthe overall fire situation.
Estimated Time: .. ...6 hours
INTRODUCTION
Advancing hose lines into a building quickly is a mostimportant fireground operation. Lines may be takenin by stairway, ladders, ropes, aerial devices andother methods. Efficient operation is a must if controlof the fire is to be attained quickly.
OUTLINE
1. Advancing dry and charged lines into a buildingby inside and outside stairways.
2. Advancing line by ground and aerial ladders,towers and platforms.
3. Advancing lines by rope, pike pole and shepherdhook.
4. Using lines from a standpipe system.5. Operating hand lines from ground ladders, aerial
ladders and other aerial devices.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
I. NFPA Standard 1001, Firefighter I
A. 3-13.1 The firefighter, given the necessaryequipment and operating as an individualand as a member of a team, shall advancedry hose lines of two different sizes, both ofwhich shall be 1 1/2 inch or larger, from apumper:
1. into a structure2. up a ladder into an upper floor window3. up an inside stairway to an upper floor4. up an outside stairway to an upper floor5. down an inside stairway to a lower floor6. down an outside stairway to a lower floor7. to an upper floor by hoisting
B. 3-13.4 same as 3-13.3 but with charged lines
C. 3-13.11 The firefighter shall work from aladder with a charged line which shall be 1 1/2 inch or larger.
D. 3-13.12The firefighter shall demonstrate thetechniques of carrying hose into a building tobe connected to a standpipe, and of advanc-ing a hose line from a standpipe.
II. The firefighter shall have a thorough knowledgeof methods used to advance hose lines with theequipment of the department and how thesemethods are applied on the fireground.
ISSN: 0739-4551
IOG '90 — SEPTEMBER
INSTRUCTOR OUTLINE
1. PURPOSE
It is the purpose of this lesson to have the student
handle hose lines of various sizes and to advance
these lines, dry and charged, into a building through
several different methods. It is to prepare the student
to pass the test of Firefighter I, Hose, Nozzles and
Appliances section of NFPA Standard 1001, and to
give the student an overview of the different means
of attack at a building fire.
Students in this session should already have had
basic hose and appliance lessons. However, at this
point a review of properly removing attack lines from
the apparatus and advancing them to the building
should be done prior to those operations requiring
entrance into the building. This action may save lost
time during the remainder of the class and permit
smooth efficient operations.
2. OUTLINE/PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
A review of the outline and performance objectives
indicates that several different operations must be
done with dry and charged lines. In many cases not
all of the operations will be required, such as an
absence of aerial apparatus, standpipes, etc. The
instructor should concentrate on those evolutions
most likely required of the department(s) involved.
In any case, lines should be advanced for specific
assignments:
1. Fire attack
2. Over the fire (where required by the building
involved)
3. Protect exposures — interior and exterior
4. To protect those trapped in a building
5. Back-up (supplemental) lines
Point out that initial attack lines and the streams they
throw may be of any size available due to the fire
encountered. One size hose line is not used for initial
attack on all fires.
Note that back-up lines are used in the same general
area as the initial attack lines and the key here is that
they are always larger in gpm discharge. They are
brought to position and charged so that they are
instantly ready to gain fire control or cover a retreat
from a building. For example, two 1 1/2" or 1 3/4"
lines should be backed up by a 21 /2" line, preferably
with a 1 1/4-inch tip, the largest handline stream. If
control of the fire is not accomplished quickly by the
smaller lines, additional lines of the same size will
also be ineffective. It is reach and volume that are
needed.
Where the training situation permits, use ladders,
rope, (with hose roller) pike poles, shepherd hooks
and aerial devices to advance lines up into a struc-
ture. Explain that when lines are advanced through
any of these methods, only one section of hose is
needed for every four or five floors; stairway ad-
vance requires one section for each floor.
Where truck companies are present, assign stu-
dents to those units and have them raise ladders for
the hose lines, venting, search, etc.
Rotate students through the various operations indi-
vidually or by groups as is best dictated by the
existing conditions.
3. GENERAL PROCEDURES
_ As always, it is important to consider the building
being used, the number of students present, appa-
ratus and assistance available and overall safety
and control.
In the first session, attempt to involve all the students
in all the operations. Remember, they should ad-
vance two different sizes of both dry and charged
lines. In the later session, attempt to operate with the
manpower usually available to the department(s)
represented.
Set up to advance lines for a specific fire situation.
Point out that control of stairways and corridors is of
extreme importance to control the spread of fire,
protect the occupants and effect rescue. Indicate
where the lines are to go for the problem presented.
Once initial attack lines are in place have a back-up
line advanced. In this way two different size lines will
be handled, and proper firefighting procedure per-
formed. If the number of students and apparatus
permits, have the entire initial attack line/back-up
line operation run again before taking up the first
lines. This will keep the students involved, assist in
covering the operations required more quickly and
allow better instructor control.
Cover advancing a line by ladder prior to working it
into an operation.
w
Proper procedure for advancing a line over a ladder
into a window includes placing the ladder to the left
side of the window (space permitting) with not more
than one rung over the sill. This leaves space to the
right and above for the firefighter to move into the
building. The hose is carried on the right side so that
SEPTEMBER — IOG '90
it can be placed in the space at the sill. The nozzleman
has the hose come under the right arm and over the
left shoulder, nozzle down on butt. In this way full
body force can be exerted in carrying the hose, the
nozzle will not be beating on the body and, if the line
should become charged, it will merely raise up off of
the back and remain in place. If the nozzle is carried
in front, it may raise up and knock the firefighter off
the ladder.
The second firefighter places the first coupling in
front of the right shoulder on a soft spot, not on
bones. He climbs about twenty feet behind the
nozzleman, pacing movement with the nozzleman.
When the nozzleman reaches the window, he deter-
mines if it is safe to enter and, if so, he quickly grasps
the nozzle with the left hand, swings it forward and
places it over the sill to the right of the ladder. He/she
then enters and begins pulling in the slack. The
second firefighter continues to climb as the nozzleman
pulls in the slack. When the firefighter is at the top of
the ladder, he/she removes the coupling from his/her
shoulder and places it inside over the sill. The
second firefighter enters the window, fifty feet inside.
If a third firefighter is involved, the second pulls in the
slack as the nozzleman begins to move toward the
firefighting position. The third firefighter enters, 100
feet inside.
Point out that it may be necessary to knock out the
window (and storm window) with the ladder to effect
entry. If this proves difficult, it may be necessary to
first place the ladder beside the window and remove
it with tools, then place the ladder to advance the
hose line into the building.
Slack line should be flaked to the right of the ladder
up close to the building for most efficient operation
IOG '90 — SEPTEMBER
and ease of the firefighters. The ladder should be
secured at the tip or butted by a firefighter before
climbing with the line begins.
To advance a charged line by ladder, the ladder
movements may be the same as described above.
Charged lines, however, will require rope hose tools
or web straps to be used by firefighters, placed about
twenty-five feet apart. It is much more efficient to
shut down and drain the line, advance it and then
recharge it.
Advancing a line by rope can often be a quick,
effective method of getting a line into upper floors. A
hose roller should be used if it is available, though it
is not always necessary with the smaller lines. Here
again, the slack should be flaked out close up to the
building for easiest operation.
Also, if the building permits, advance line by rope
inside beside the stairway. Often, due to the design
of the stairway, there is an open chute-like area
down through the floors which is ideal for rope
advance as opposed to humping the line up the
stairs. A much quicker, more efficient operation can
be carried out using much less hose. Pike poles and
shepherd hooks can be similarly used in this in-
stance.
Advancing lines by pike pole or shepherd hook can
be very efficient up an outside fire escape, outside
stairway, open gangways, or any place firefighters
can quickly get over one another, pass the line and
go up again. It is not effective when it is necessary to
go into the building then force entrance through
apartments or offices to get out to the line.
Advancing a line up an aerial ladder is best done by
keeping the line straight to avoid hangups on aerial
equipment and having couplings and hose loops
drop through the ladder. The nozzle may be carried
as on a ground ladder, but others should use rope
hose tools. The line may be advanced into the
building or taken up to operate from the ladder when
a master stream is not required.
When operating a stream from a ground ladder do
not fasten the hose tight to a ladder rung. Instead,
have the rope hose tool hook on one rung, take up
the slack with turns on the second rung down and
have the hose suspended between the next two
rungs down. In this way most of the back pressure
will be absorbed by the rope, with less tendency to
pull back on the ladder.
For standpipe operations most departments have
some sort of bag, pack, or cart setup to get the
standpipe lines into position and stretch them from
the standpipe outlet to the fire. The hose should be
fixed to allow line to be taken to the outlet and
stretched toward the fire at the same time. If the
session is not conducted at a standpiped facility it
may be possible to set up a mock standpipe outlet
using a 2 1/2" adapter mount or 2 1/2" hose with a
gate valve attached. Have the students then stretch
the lines as required by their particular standpipe
hose setup.
Attempt to set up the supposed fire situation as
realistically as possible, taking into consideration the
building being used. Start from an apparatus still
position and cover all that is required. When this is
completed and you are satisfied with the perfor-
mance, it may be good to have the units respond in
with the usual manpower to certain problems pre-
sented to them. If available, have department offic-
ers command the units. Also, it may be possible to
work in real or artificial smoke.
SEPTEMBER — IOG '90
,
»
After each operation review overall and individual
performances. Bring out any unsafe practices. At-
tempt to find out if everyone understood what they
were doing, what was going on around them at the
same time and the purpose of the various opera-
tions.
Before taking up, review the entire session, and
promote and askquestions especially in those areas
you think may be somewhat weak.
See to it that all equipment used is properly cleaned,
air bottles filled and units properly stowed.
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES
IFSTA, Essentials of Firefighting, 200
Engine Company fireground Operations — Richman, Chapters 4, 6, 7
Firefighting Principles and Practices — Clark
About the AuthorHal Richman is a retired fire chief with over 30years in the fire service. He is the past presidentof ISFSI, the author of two books on firefighting,and a speaker at major national conferences. Hehas conducted operational seminars for officers,both in the U.S. and overseas. Hal has alsoperformed fire department evaluations for citygovernments, and has been head of the FireScience Program for five years.
Methods and techniques provided in the Instruct-O-Gramare suggested by the author. There are many othermethods and techniques which are equally successful andused in many municipalities throughout the world. The newInstruct-O-Gram is aimed at developing sound trainingprocedures for the recruit level. These procedures maydiffer from policy which is established by the chief of thedepartment and commonly posted as the "standard operat-ing procedure" (SOP). It is suggested that any difference inprocedures be brought to the attention of the chief of thedepartment.
© International Society of Fire Service Instructors
lOG '90 — SEPTEMBER
SUGGESTED LESSON PLAN
INSTRUCTOR NOTES I. ADVANCING INITIAL ATTACK LINES
A. By stairway/corridors
1. inside and outside
2. to upper floors
3. to lower floors
B. By ground ladder
1. proper positioning of hose and nozzle
2. proper carry of coupling(s)
C. By rope, pike pole, shepherd hook
1. outside/hose roller
2. inside
D. By aerial ladder
1. rope hose tools/hose straps
E. From aerial/platform pipes
F. From standpipe systems
1. on same floor
2. to upper floor
SEPTEMBER — IOG '90
INSTRUCTOR NOTES
u
II. ADVANCING BACK-UP (SUPPLEMENTAL) LINES
A. Larger gpm flow lines
B. Operations as above in I
III. OPERATING LINES/STREAMS FROM LADDERS
A. Ground ladders
1. leg lock/life belt
2. proper tie/rope hose tool
3. proper position related to window
B. Aerial ladders
1. life belt only
2. proper tie/rope hose tool
3. proper position related to window
TRAINING NOTICETIME: .
DATE:
LOCATION:
NOTES:
STUDENT TASK
To understand and perform the various methods ofadvancing hose lines into abuilding in order to attackfire, assist in rescue, protect exposures and gaincontrol of the overall fire situation.
ESTIMATED TIME 6 hours
INTRODUCTION
Advancing hose lines into a building to the properposition quickly is a most important fireground op-eration and one in which the new firefighter will beinvolved. Lines may be taken in by stairway, ladders,ropes, aerial devices and other methods. Efficientoperation is a must if control of the fire is to beaccomplished quickly.
OUTLINE
1. Advancing dry and charged lines into a buildingby inside and outside stairways.
2. Advancing line by ground ladders, aerial ladders,towers and platforms.
3. Advancing lines by rope, pike pole and shepherdhook.
4. Using lines from a standpipe system.5. Operating line from ground ladders, aerial ladders
and other aerial devices.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
I. NFPA Standard 1001, Firefighter I
A. 3-13.1 The firefighter, given the necessaryequipment and operating as an individual and asa member of a team, shall advance dry hoselines of two different sizes, both of which shall be1 1/2-inch or larger from a pumper:
1. into a structure2. up a ladder into and upper floor window
3. up and inside stairway to an upper floor4. up and outside stairway to an upper floor5. down and inside stairway to a lower floor6. down and outside stairway to a lower floor7. to an upper floor by hoisting
B. 3-14.1 same as 3-13.1, but with charged lines
C. 3-13.11 The firefighter shall work from a ladderwith a charged line which shall be 1 1/2-inch orlarger.
D. 3-13.12 The firefighter shall demonstrate thetechniques of carrying hose into a building to beconnected to a standpipe, and of advancing ahose line from a standpipe.
II. The firefighter shall have a thorough knowledgeof methods used to advance hose lines with theequipment of the department and of how thesemethods are applied on the fireground.
REFERENCES
IFSTA 200 - Essentials of Firefighting
Engine Company Fireground Operations- RichmanChapter4, "Rescue"; Chapters, "Initial Attack Lines";Chapter 7, "Backup Lines"
Firefighting Principles and Practices — Clark
REVIEW
Rope, tools and devices which may be used inadvancing hose lines.
Fire department equipment
SOP's and orders related to hose operations.
Fire department material