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InstruccionesInstrucciones‘‘VerbosVerbos’’ is a presentation designed to get you thinking about your is a presentation designed to get you thinking about your
reading exam. It will help you to learn 50 common verbs used in reading exam. It will help you to learn 50 common verbs used in Spanish.Spanish.
ItIt’’s not just about 50 verbs though; it also includes other types of words s not just about 50 verbs though; it also includes other types of words that are related to the verbs. For example look at the 3 words below. that are related to the verbs. For example look at the 3 words below. We have a verb, adjective and noun all linked to each other.We have a verb, adjective and noun all linked to each other.
((seguir seguir – to follow / – to follow / siguientesiguiente – following / – following / seguidoresseguidores – followers) – followers)
VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN
Learning 50 verbs will help you in your exams but learning how to use Learning 50 verbs will help you in your exams but learning how to use patterns and intuition from what you already know is a powerful patterns and intuition from what you already know is a powerful linguistic tool.linguistic tool.
At the end there is a section for cognate verbs as well!!! At the end there is a section for cognate verbs as well!!! Move on to next screen to begin.Move on to next screen to begin.
I do not own Lady Gaga
VerbosVerbos 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49 50
COGNATES
Please enter ‘slide-show view’ to begin and click a number
1. Seguir – to follow / to continue
El caracol sigue la tortuga
Sigue todo rectoSi sigues comiendo comida basura, vas a engordarte
El día siguiente
Tienes que seguir este curso de medicina Los seguidores del cristianismo leen la biblia
The snail follows the tortoise The following day
If you continue eating junk food, you’ll get big Carry straight on
You have to follow this course of medicine The followers of christianity read the bible
Can you see how there are verbs, adjectives and nouns linked here? Try to see the patterns and distinguish the different types of word linked by a meaning.
ADJECTIVE
NOUN
VERB
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2. Pedir – to ask for / to order
¿Qué vas a pedir en el restaurante?
Hoy hice un pedido de un nuevo ordenador
Pidió la mano de su novia
What are you going to order in the restaurant?
Today I made an order for a new computer
He asked for his girlfriend’s hand (in marriage)
Sometimes you don’t recognise a verb because the spellings are different from tense to tense. Try to recognise the consonants and then think about verbs you know with these consonants ...p..d = poder /pedir
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3. Buscar – to look for/to search
La policía busca a un ladrón con gafas
Fui a la biblioteca en busca de un libro sobre arte
Busco la playa
The police are looking for a thief with a glasses
I went to the library in search of a book about art
I’m looking for the beach
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See how sometimes you recognise a verb in a phrase.
Also, you can see that sometimes Spanish uses 1 word to express 2, 3 or 4 English words.‘Busco’ = I’m looking for
4a. Sonreír – to smile / 4b. Reírse – to laugh
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Sonríe y el mundo sonreirá contigo
Smile and the world will smile with you
El mensaje me hizo reír mucho
The message made me laugh a lot
Tiene una risa contagiosa
She has a contagious laugh
Su sonrisa es un poco espantosa
His smile is a bit scary
Try to associate these two verbs with each other as they are very close in meaning. Some people think of special ways to remember which is which: the ‘sun’ smiles at you (but doesn’t normally laugh) so ‘sonreír’ = to smile.
5. Elegir/Escoger – to choose Main menu
Es difícil elegir entre los dos candidatos
It’s difficult to choose between the 2 candidates
Tendrás que escoger la puerta correcta
You’ll have to choose the correct door
Fue una prueba de elección multiple
It was a multi-choice test
Sometimes you come across words which are cognates but would not be translated by their English equivalent.‘Elección’ looks like ‘election’ but if you look more carefully at the sentence then a better translation would be the word ‘choice’
6. Aumentar/Subir – to raise/to go up/to increase
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Me gustaría aumentar de peso
I would like to increase my weight
La temperatura aumentará a 30 grados este verano
The temperature will rise to 30˚ this summer
La subida se hace a pie – No hay funicular
The climb is made on foot – There is no cable car
Hay un subibaja en el jardín
There is a seesaw in the garden
Sometimes verbs are used to make nouns like the example here. You can guess what they mean by putting the words together.Espantar = to scare Pájaros = birds
Un espantapájaros = A scarecrow
7. Gastar – to spend Main menu
Gasté mi dinero en un concierto de JLS
I spent my money on a JLS concert
El presidente no controla los gastos de su mujer
The president doesn’t control his wife’s spending
No quiero malgastar mi tiempo con planchar la ropa
I don’t want to waste my time with ironing the clothes
If you know ‘mal’ means ‘bad’ then you should be able to guess that it gives a negative meaning to a word...gastar – spend malgastar – waste...educado – polite maleducado - rude
8. Saber – to know (something) Main menu
Sé que Juan no sabe nadar
I know that Juan doesn’t know how to swimLa profesora es una persona muy sabia
The teacher is a very knowledgeable person
Odio a Marco – es un sabelotodo
I hate Marco – he’s a know-it-all
El helado sabe a fresa*
Be aware that many times there are words like ‘sé – i know’ that look nothing like their infinitives ... ‘saber – to know’.
The ice cream tastes of strawberries*
Don’t be tempted to make bad judgments on a sentence’s meaning just because you think you know a word. ‘Saber ‘ means ‘to know’ but ‘Saber a’ means ‘to taste of’‘It would be a bad judgment to think the sentence below means ‘The ice cream knows the strawberry’!
9. Conocer – to know (someone) / to meet Main menu
Nos conocimos en Las Vegas
We met in Las Vegas Italia es un país conocido por su comida
Conozco al jefe del tribú
I know the chief of the tribe
Italy is a country known for its food
Tengo algunos conocimientos de la cultura japonesa
I have some knowledge of japonese culture
Sometimes verbs are used with a reflexive pronoun ‘nos’ to translate the idea of ‘each other’. For example ‘Nos vemos’ – ‘We see each other’ ‘Nos conocemos’ – We meet each other / We know each other
10. Dar – to give Main menu
Dale las llaves a Pedro
Give the keys to PedroDoy un paseo por el parque cada día
I go for a walk around the park every day
Su padre le dio un reloj para su cumpleaños
His father gave him a watch for his birthday
Las noticias me dieron mucha pena
The news made me very sad
Sometimes verbs are used for literally thousands of phrases. Unfortunately the verb ‘dar’ sometimes does not translate as ‘to give’ in some of these phrases.
‘Dar mucha pena’ literally means ‘to give lots of pain’ (to make someone sad)
11. Pasar – to spend (time)/to pass / to happen Main menu
¿Qué pasa?
What’s happening? Para llegar al aeropuerto, tienes que pasar por el estadio
To get to the airport, you have to pass by the stadium
Voy a pasar un año estudiando en China
I’m going to spend a year in China
La semana pasada había manifesticaciones
Last week there were demonstrations
‘Pasar’ is a verb with lots and lots of meanings in Spanish as well as English. Always try to decide which definition makes the best sense.‘¿Me pasas las patatas por favor?’ ‘Will you pass me the potatoes please?’
12. Encontrar – to find / to meet Main menu
No puedo encontrar mi pasaporte
I can’t find my passportLe encuentro un poco hablador
I find him a little chatty
Me encontré un poco mareado
I felt a bit dizzy
Bla bla bla
El teatro se encuentra en las afueras del pueblo
The theatre is found on the outskirts of town
The smallest words can help you figure out meaning:Le = him/her (me = me... te = you... nos = us)
Encuentro un poco hablador??? I find a bit chatty XLe encuentro un poco hablador – I find him a bit chatty √
Often verbs are reflexive which means you add ‘myself, yourself etc to the meaning.
Here it has the meaning of ‘I found myself a bit dizzy’ It’s not exactly how we’d say it but it makes sense.
13. Pagar – to pay Main menu
¿Es posible pagar en metálico?
Is it possible to pay in cash?Para reservar los billetes necesitamos un pago adelantado
Mis padres me pagan los estudios
My parents pay for my studies
To reserve the tickets, we need payment in advance
Some verbs in Spanish would be 2 words in English: ‘pagar’ = to pay for‘buscar’ = to look for
Try to take the words in a sentence and make sense of them ‘ My parents me pay the studies’
My parents pay for my studies
14. Ayudar – to help Main menu
Las ayudantes del mago se cortan en dos.
The magician’s helpers are cut in two
Ayudaba en la cocina antes del accidente con el pastel
I used to help in the kitchen before the accident with the cake
Necesito tu ayuda con este proyecto
I need your help with this project
Make sure you pick up on the word ‘de’ in the exam. It shows you what belongs to what:
El primer día del verano – The first day of summerMúsica de todos los estilos – Music of all stylesLos conductores de Madrid – Drivers from Madrid
15. Conseguir – to achieve / to get
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El director consiguió un gran éxito
The director achieved great success
Es importante conseguir la diagnosis apropiada temprano
It’s important to get the correct diagnosis early
No vas a conseguir el respeto si gritas
You’re not going to get respect if you shout
Be aware that there are many ‘false friends’ in Spanish (words that appear to be cognates but mean something completely different)
E.G éxito = success actual = current sensible = sensitive avisar = to warn
16. Poder – to be able to (can) Main menu
Aqui no se puede fumar
You can’t smoke here La viuda no pudo creer lo que oyó
The widow couldn’t believe what she heard
Tenemos el poder de salvar el medio ambiente
We have the power to save the environment
Ha comprado una moto muy poderosa
He has bought a very powerful motorbike
Verbs like poder are so common that it will probably appear 9-10 times in a reading exam. You must know its different uses: (se puede – you can) (podrías – you could)and particularly its noun and adjective forms: (poder – power) (poderoso) powerful.
17. Esperar 1 – To hope Main menu
Espero que no llueva
I hope that it doesn’t rain
Hay esperanza que la cumbre producirá una solución
There is hope that the conference will produce a solution
¿Juan tiene el anillo?...Espero que sí
Does Juan have the ring?...I hope so
Se espera que los huelguistas vuelvan en dos días
It is hoped that the strikers will return in two days
When you use ‘se’ + a verb, it becomes passive. This means it translates as ‘It is + verb’Confused ??? Ok Here are some examples:
1.Esperar = to hope & Se espera = It is hoped 2. Decir = To say & Se dice = It is said + Se dijo = It was said3. Llamar = To call & Se llama = It is called4. Conseguir = To achieve & Se consigue = It is achieved
18. Esperar 2 – to wait Main menu
Llevo dos horas esperando el autobús
I’ve been waiting 2 hours for the bus El gato se apostó en espera de un ratón
The cat sat down in expectation of a mouse
La madre y su niña están en la sala de espera
The mother and her child are in the waiting room
Esperar can mean ‘to wait’, ‘to hope’ or ‘to expect’.
The exam will probably include this verb to test that you know these different meanings. Use your common sense to work out which meaning the verb has.
e.g Espero que venga Juan – I hope Juan comes Espero a Juan – I’m waiting for Juan
19. Vivir – to live Main menu
Vivía en Australia pero ahora vivo en Dinamarca
I used to live in Australia but now i live in Denmark
No quedó nadie vivo en esta obra
Nobody was left alive in this play
Fue una fiesta muy viva
It was a very lively party
Van a construir un bloque de 50 viviendas
They are going to make a block of 50 homes
To test your ability to understand written language, the examiner will replace common words like ‘casa’ or ‘hogar’ with words like ‘vivienda’ to mean house/home.
Don’t be put off by this. Use your head and any language you previously learnt to help yourself out. Puerta = Door Salida = Exit (from salir – to go out) Comida = Food Cena = Dinner (from cenar – to eat dinner)
20. Volver – to return / to go back
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A la vuelta paramos para gasolina
On the return journey we stopped for petrol
Dieron una vuelta por el parque
They took a turn around the park
Volvió a su casa
He returned home
Ha vuelto a tomar drogas
She started to take drugs again
Think about the verb ‘volver a’ It would literally translate as ‘to return to’ but it is used to mean ‘to do something again’ or ‘to go back to doing something’.
Volver a empezar = to start againVolver a ocurrir = to happen again
21. Casarse – to get married Main menu
Me caso mañana en la iglesia
I’m getting married tomorrow in church
Nos casamos hace cincuenta años
We got married 50 years ago
Los novios quieren casarse en Dubai
The bride and groom want to marry in Dubai
Remember that some verbs are reflexive so in the infinitive they have ‘se’ at the end.Casarse – to get married Lavarse – to have a wash
This changes according to who is performing the actionQuiero casarme – I want to get married¿Quieres casarte? – Do you want to get married?
22. Viajar – to travel Main menu
Los viajeros siempre van a la torre Eiffel
Travellers always go to the Eiffel Tower
El viaje de vuelta era un poco picado
The return journey was a bit choppy
Viajé en coche desde Londres a Leeds
I travelled by car from London to Leeds
The endings ‘eros’ ‘antes’ & ‘ores’ are usually added to a verb to make a noun for people who perform the verb...
1 (viajar = to travel + viajero = traveller) (Obrar = to work + obrero = worker)2 (caminar = to walk + caminante = hiker) (ayudar = to help + ayudante = helper)3 ( jugar = to play + Jugadores = Players) (fumar = to smoke + fumador = smoker)
23. Cuidar – to take care of Main menu
Pone mucho cuidado en su higiene
She takes lots of care over her hygiene
Tengo que cuidar de mi hermano menor
I have to take care of my little brother
La funámbula es muy cuidadosa
The tight-rope walker is very careful
Debes cuidar la ortografía
You need to take care over your spelling
Again take notice that there are 3 different types of word here: noun, adjective and verb.
We could also add ‘cuidadosamente’ = ‘carefully’
24. Hacer – to do/to make Main menu
Me hizo llorar
He made me cryHago los deberes en la biblioteca
I do my homework in the library
Pasaremos la clase haciendo investigaciones
We will spend the class doing investigations
Tengo que hacer la cama todas las mañanas
I have to make my bed every morning
Hacer is a very common verb so be aware that it has lots of meanings but generally these are ‘to do’ or ‘to make’ .
Try to bear this in my mind when deciding what sentences mean.‘Hacer una llamada’ – To make a call ‘Hacer bien en algo’ – ‘To do well’
25. Ponerse/Hacerse – to become
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They became friends during summer
Se hicieron amigos durante el verano Se hizo millionario con su empresa
He became a millionaire with his business
Se puso enfadada con el servicio
He got angry with the service
Si te pones triste, llámame a mi casa
If you get sad, call my house
Sometimes the reflexives verbs have very different meanings from the non-reflexive versions. Hacer = to do/make Hacerse = to becomePoner = to put Ponerse = to becomeproducir = to produce producirse = to take place
26. Preguntar – to ask Main menu
Me hicieron varias preguntas en la entrevista
They asked me lots of questions in the interview
Me pregunto si el cartero ha venido
I wonder if the postman has come
Le pregunté por su madre
I asked after his mother
Remember that reflexive verbs generally mean doing something to yourself...
Lavo – I washMe lavo – I wash myself
Pregunto – I askMe pregunto – I ask myself (I wonder)
27a. Cerrar – to close 27b. Abrir – to open
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Cierra la boca ahora!
Close your mouth now!
Creo que la tienda está abierta el lunes
I think that the shop is open on Monday
Señor Fernández es muy cerrado – No dice mucho
Mr Fernández is very closed – He doesn’t say much
Ábreme la puerta por favor
Open the door please
Verbs sometimes have past participles which become adjectives:(Abrir – open Abierta- opened) (Cerrar – close Cerrado – closed)
This is the normal pattern... Tomar = Tomado-taken Comer = Comido – eaten Visitar = Visitado-visited dañar = dañado - damaged
28a. Llegar – to arrive 28b. Salir – to leave
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Llegadas Salidas
Arrivals Departures
Siempre llega tarde
He always arrives late
Me llegó el fax por la mañana
The fax got to me in the morning
El jefe había salido de viaje con su esposa
The boss had left on holiday with his wife
Try to remember verbs of opposite pairs (llegar & salir) Other pairs include
(1. abrir-open & cerrar-close) (2. ganar-win & perder-lose) (3. empezar-start & acabar-finish) (4. aparecer-appear & desaparecer-disappear)
29a. Empezar – to start 29b.Acabar – to finish
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La chica acabó ganando el premio
The girl ended up winning the prize Voy a acabar con este ordenador inútil con mi hacha
I’m going to finish off this useless computer with my axe
Para empezar voy a tomar el pescado
To start with i’ll have the fish Ha empezado a nevar
It has started to snow
In the first exercise we have the word ‘ganando’ which means ‘winning’ This is called a ‘gerund’ and there is a pattern for recognising them. They translate as verb+ing in English
-ar verbs (tomando = talking) (empezando = starting)-er&-ir verbs (comiendo = eating) (viviendo = viving)
30. Cambiar – to change Main menu
Quiero cambiar 100 dólares en euros
I want to change 100 dollars into euros
El mecánico me cambió el neumático
The mechanic changed my tyre
Habrá muchos cambios en este departamento There will be lots of changes in this department
Estamos cambiando los muebles
We are changing the furniture
Cambiar is a really important verb to know as it appears frequently in the exam. Try to focus on learning verbs like cambiar which aren’t cognates – the more of these you know, the less chance there is of you coming across vocabulary you don’t understand.
31. Llevar – to wear/to carry/to take Main menu
Mi padre nos llevó a cenar
My father took us out to dinner
Me encanta el perfume que llevas
I love the perfume you’re wearing
Llevaba a la niña en sus brazos
He was carrying the girl in his arms
El avión lleva una hora de retraso
The plane is an hour late
The verb ‘llevar’ has lots of translations in English; however in Spanish it means literally ‘to take with you’. This could mean carrying something, wearing something, giving someone a lift etc. The final example is more difficult to understand: it is used to suggest an amount of time that has already gone ‘llevo una hora esperando’ – ‘I’ve been waiting an hour’ ‘llevamos dos años juntos’ – ‘We’ve been together for 2 years’
32. Creer – to believe Main menu
Se cree que el incendio fue provocado
It is thought that the fire was started deliberately
No puedo apoyar un partido con creencias racistas
I can’t support a party with racist beliefs
Trescientas libras para un empaste! No lo puedo creer!
300 pounds for a filling! I can’t believe it
Pronouns like ‘lo’ and ‘la’ refer back to something already mentioned (masc or fem) ‘los’ and ‘las’ = plural
When you find them in reading exams, try to figure out what they are being used for.
Me gustan los taxis – los uso todos los díasI like taxis – I use them every day
33. Parecer – to seem/to appear Main menu
Parece mentira que tenga 60 años
It seems false that she’s 60 years old
Pareces una reina en ese vestido
You look like a queen in that dress
¿Vamos a la discoteca?, ¿Qué te parece?
Shall we go to the disco, what do you think?
El padre y su hijo son muy parecidos
The father and his son are very similar
Parecer is often used in opinion phrases to replace more common verbs like (pensar, ser and creer) Instead of saying ‘Creo que está equivocado’ ‘I think he is wrong’ they may write ‘me parece que está equivocado’ ‘It seems to me he is wrong’
Or in other opinion phrases ‘¿Qué te parecen las flores?’ ‘What do you think of the flowers?
34. Hay que – You must Main menu
Hay que seguir una dieta equilibrada
You have to follow a balanced diet
No había que ser genio para entender a Einstein
You didn’t have to be a genius to understand Einstein
Habrá que cruzar el desierto
You will have to cross the desert
Everyone knows ‘Hay’ = ‘there is/there are’
Good students know ‘Había’ = ‘There was’ ‘Habrá’ = ‘There will be’
A student wanting to get A/A* needs to know
‘Hay que’ = ‘You must’ ‘Había que’ = ‘You had to’ ‘Habrá que’ = ‘You will have to’
Try to know verbs in more than one tense; especially those as common as ‘hay’
35. Sentir(se) – to feel Main menu
Me siento avergonzado
I feel embarrassedLo siento mucho – rompí tu bicicleta
I’m really sorry – I broke your bike
Sentía hambre cuando salí del gimnasio
I felt hungry when i came out of the gym
No me hables, me has herido los sentimientos
Don’t speak to me, you’ve hurt my feelings
Make sure you know set phrases like ‘lo siento’ for ‘I’m sorry’ and also remember that ‘sentir’ can be used to substitute for verbs like ‘estar’ and ‘tener’ when used to talk about feelings...
Estoy alegre/ Me siento alegre – I am happy Tenía sed / Me sentía sed – I was thirsty
36. Querer – to want / to love Main menu
¿Cuánto quieres por el coche?
How much do you want for the car?
Te quiero mucho mi amor
I love you lots my darling
Lo dije totalmente sin querer
I said it totally by accident
El chico no quiso comer nada
The boy didn’t want to eat anything
Querer is another very common verb, you have probably come across it in ‘quisiera’ ‘i would like’ or ‘cuando quiera’ ‘whenever’
‘Sin + a verb’ is another common phrase type in Spanish....Sin querer (without wanting to) Sin pensar (without thinking) Sin pagar (without paying)
37. Deber – to have to (must) Main menu
Debemos reciclar para salvar el medio ambiente
We must recycle to save the environment
Se debe comer más fruta para estar sana
You must eat more fruit to be healthy
Los deberes son muy importantes
Homework is very important
Para un soldado, ir a la guerra es su deber
For a soldier, going to war is a duty
Deber is another very common verb used in many different ways. You’ve probably come across ‘deberías’ -‘you should’ ‘debido a’ -‘owing to’ ‘se debe’ - ‘you must’
Try to remember the nouns ‘deber’ – ‘duty’ and ‘deberes’ – ‘homework’
Also the verb can mean ‘to owe’ ... ‘Me deben dos’ – ‘They owe me 2’
38a. Nacerse– to be born 38b. Morir - to die
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At birth he was named after his father
Me muero de frío
I’m freezing to death
Mi fecha de nacimiento es el dos de junio 1978
My date of birth is the 2nd June 1978
Al nacer fue llamado por su padre
La muerte de César es una escena famosa
The death of Caesar is a famous scene
The sentence al+verb gives the idea of ‘upon doing’ or ‘on doing’
For example ‘al salir’ = ‘upon leaving’ ‘al darse cuenta de’ = ‘on realising’
39. Decir – to say Main menu
¿Cómo se dice ‘tren’ en ruso?
How do you say ‘train’ in Russian?
Voy a decirle a Patricia que es mi novio
I’m going to tell Patricia that he’s my boyfriend
Juan dijo que va a hacer sol hoy
Juan said it’s going to be sunny today
Dicho documento es totalmente secreto
Said document is totally secret
Decir can mean ‘to tell’ or ‘to say’. Both are extremely common in exams.
The adjective ‘dicho’ meaning ‘said’ is used the same way in English to describe something already mentioned...
’Dicho hombre trabaja aquí’ ‘Said man works here’ (man already mentioned)‘En dichas ciudades’ ‘In said cities’ (in the cities already mentioned)
40. Enseñar – to teach / Aprender – to learn
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Le enseñaron a nadar a los seis años
They taught him to swim at 6 years old
He aprendido el alfabeto árabe de memoria
I’ve learnt the arabic alphabet by heart
Mi hermana enseña inglés en la universidad
My sister teaches English at the university
Su capacidad de aprendizaje es increíble
His ability to learn is incredible
Again, try to link nouns to verbs...
Aprendizaje – learningEnseñanza – teachingsabiduría – knowledge/wisdom
41. Mejorar – to improve Main menu
El tratamiento la mejoró
The treatment made her better
Es mejor futbolista que su hermano
He is a better footballer than his brother
Es la mejor violinista de su generación
She is the best violinist of her generation
You must be careful with words like ‘mejor’ and ‘peor’ . On their own they mean ‘better’ and ‘worse’; however ‘el mejor’ and ‘la mejor’ mean ‘the best’ and ‘the worst’.
42. Empeorar – to get worse Main menu
La situación es cada vez peor en los hospitales
The situation in hospitals is worse and worse
El tiempo empeoró durante la noche
The weather got worse during the night
The phrase cada vez + adjective is used to express the idea of something getting ‘worse and worse’ or ‘more and more silly’.
For example‘Cada vez mejor’ -‘Better and better’‘Cada vez menos sensible’ – ‘Less and less sensitive’
43. Desarrollar – to develop Main menu
Han desarrollado un nuevo tipo de móvil
They’ve developed a new type of mobile
Inglaterra es un país desarrollado pero Nigeria es un país en desarollo
England is a developed country but Nigeria is a developing country
El deporte me permite desarrollar mi aspecto físico
Sport lets me develop my physical appearance
Sometimes a noun linked to a verb can be used to make a phrase:
‘Desarrollo’ = ‘development’‘En desarrollo’ = In development’ or ‘developing’
44. Dejar – to leave Main menu
Dejé mi maleta en el aeropuerto
I left my suitcase in the airport
Quiero dejar de fumar porque es caro
I want to give up smoking because its expensive
¿Me dejas tu collar?
Will you lend me your necklace?
Dejaron incompletas las nuevas casas
They left the new houses unfinished
Dejar is used in many different meanings ‘to leave’, ‘to let’ ‘to lend’ ‘to stop’
You need to understand the general idea of it meaning ‘to leave something behind’; even when this is a habit or an action (like smoking)
45. Perder – to lose / to miss Main menu
Nunca pierdo un episodio de mi telenovela favorita
I never miss an episode of my favourite soap Estamos totalmente perdidos
We’re totally lost
Los gemelos son malos perdedores
The twins are bad losers
Comprar una moto es una pérdida de dinero
Buying a motorbike is a waste of money
Often verbs are converted to adjectives by a change in spelling....Perder = Perdido-lost Entender = Entendido-understood
These can be used with ‘estar’ to be...
Mi madre está herida – My mother is injuredEl perrito está desarrollado – The puppy is developed (grown up)
46. Olvidar – to forget Main menu
Es un chico muy olvidadizo
He’s a forgetful boy
Olvidé meter la ropa en la lavadora
I forgot to put the clothes in the washer
La cantante cayó en el olvido después de dos álbumes
The singer fell into obscurity/was forgotten after two albums
We’ve seen a few adjectives coming from verbs. ‘Olvidadizo’ is an example of this.
Poder – Poderoso = Powerful
Cambiar – Cambiante = Changing
47. Herir – to injure Main menu
Tiene una herida bastante grave después de una caída
He has quite a serious injury after a fall
No puede jugar – está herida
She can’t play – she’s injured
El hombre que hirió a la víctima ha recibido un castigo de tres años
The man who injured the victim has received a 3 year sentence
Try not to ignore the word ‘que’ as it may give a lot of information about the word it follows. It generally means ‘who’ or ‘that’
E.g ‘El hombre que recibió el premio era sueco’‘The man who received the prize was Swedish’
48. Sacar – to take out Main menu
Me sacaron sangre como prueba
They took some blood as a testPor favor, no saques la lengua
Please, don’t stick your tongue out
Quiero un sacapuntas
I want a pencil sharpener
¿Me buscas un sacacorchos?
Will you find me a corkscrew?
Some words are combinations of nouns and verbs like the two examples below. There are quite a few examples of these in Spanish.
Matamoscas = Fly swatter Sacamuelas = dentist (slang)
49. Entender– to understand Main menu
No entiendo por qué no quieres saltar
I don’t understand why you won’t jump
Se entienden por señas
They communicate to each other by sign language
Según tengo entendido, quieres un préstamo de £5000
As i understand it you want a loan of £5000
Apart from ‘no’ there are many words which are used to make sentences negative in Spanish.
jamás / nunca = nevernadie = nobodynada = nothing
jamás doesn’t begin with n so people sometimes forget its meaning!!
50. Leer – to read Main menu
Me encanta leer / Me encanta la lectura
I love to read / I love reading
Mi madre sabe leer los labios
My mum knows how to lip-read
Los lectores del periódico estarán chocados
The newspaper readers will be shocked
Estaba leyendo una revista de moda
I was reading a fashion magazine
Remember that adjectives usually come after the noun in Spanish so it’s important to read (and take notice of) the entire sentence.
If you were asked in an exam to say whether the woman in the 4th example likes clothes, you would’ve needed to notice she was a reading ‘una revista de moda’ not just ‘una revista’.
COGNATESUnderneath is a list of cognates you will come across while learning Spanish. Practice flick in corner...click to start frustar –to frustrate desaparecer – to disappear acompañar – to accompanyapresurarse – to pressurisecontentar – to make happydecidir – to decidefuncionar – to function / workdesear – to desirediscutir – to discussencontrar – to encounter / findentrar – to enterescapar – to escapeintentar – to try / intendinteresarse – to be interested ininvitar – to invitemerecer – to merit / deserveperdonar – to pardon / forgiveterminar – to endtocar – to touchadorar – to adore/to lovecomentar – to comment/sayestudiar – to studyexplicar – to explaincontestar – to replydetener – to detain / to arrest
usar – to usevisitar – to visitaparcar – to parkreflejar – to reflectrelajar – to relaxdeprimir – to depressoprimir – to oppressimpresionar – to impressascender – to ascend/ go updescender – to descend /go downcubrir – to coverdescubrir – to discoverdescribir – to describeguardar – to guard/to keepsalvar –to savedañar – to damageprohibir – to prohibit/ banrecibir – to receivesufrir – to sufferseleccionar – to selectmover – to moveiniciar – to initiate/startconstruir –to constructdestruir – to destructdurar – to last
emplear – to employfabricar – to make
formar – to forminformar – to inform
liberar – to freenotar – to note
ocupar – to occupyocuparse – to occupy yourself
preferir – to preferpresentar –to presentresolver – to resolve
concluir – to concludearmar – to arm
incluir – to includeactivar –to activate
animar – to animate/encourageprogresar – to progress
repetir – to repeatreunir – to meetvender – to sell
honrar – to honoureducar – to educate
costar – to costinundar – to inundatereservar – to reserve
frustrar