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Lesson 1. Parts of a Tree
1. All trees have three main parts—roots, a trunk, and a crown.
2. The tree’s roots are below the soil.
3. The strong roots help the tree stay in place.
4. Each root has thousands of tiny hairs.
5. They soak up water and nutrients from the soil.
6. The water and nutrients travel through the trunk.
7. Inside the trunk, they move to other parts of the tree.
8. The trunk has many layers.
9. The thick, hard outside layer is the bark.
10. It protects the softer inside.
11. The crown is at the top of the tree.
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12. It has many branches and leaves.
13. The leaves make food for the tree.
14. They use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make it.
15. This process also makes oxygen.
16. All of a tree’s parts are very important, just like your body parts!
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Lesson 2. Stuttgart: A Tree-Friendly City
1. Stuttgart is an eco-friendly city in Germany.
2. It has a lot of forests.
3. There are more than 100,000 trees in the city.
4. Stuttgart wasn’t always eco-friendly.
5. In fact, it had an air pollution problem.
6. The city was once the center of the German car industry.
7. People built many factories and tall buildings there.
8. So there wasn’t much fresh air in the city.
9. In 1986, Stuttgart decided to take action.
10. The city planned to make more green space.
11. It planted many trees.
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12. It also planted gardens on top of buildings.
13. It protected all large trees in the city.
14. In addition, it banned the construction of tall new buildings.
15. The city is still making changes to make its air cleaner.
16. Now, green areas make up more than 60 percent of Stuttgart!
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Lesson 3. Tree Animals
1. Trees are natural homes for many interesting animals.
2. Three examples are tree kangaroos, sloths, and cotton-top tamarins.
3. Tree kangaroos live happily in trees.
4. They have strong claws.
5. These are very useful for climbing trees.
6. They also have a long tail.
7. It helps them stay on tree branches.
8. Sloths live mostly in trees.
9. Once a week, they come down to find food.
10. Sloths move from tree to tree very slowly.
11. Generally, a sloth travels at a speed of 37 meters per day.
12. Cotton-top tamarins also spend most of their lives in the trees.
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13. They’re active during the day.
14. At night, they rest on branches.
15. They have white fur on their head and shoulders.
16. The fur looks like cotton!
17. These are only a few examples of tree animals.
18. What cute animals live in trees near you?
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Lesson 4. The Story of Almond Trees
1. There once was a prince in the Algarve, Portugal.
2. He met a princess from Northern Europe and fell in love with her.
3. They got married and lived together in the Algarve.
4. One day, the prince noticed his wife was sad.
5. She missed the white snow-covered countryside of her homeland.
6. It never snowed in the Algarve.
7. So the prince planted thousands of almond trees.
8. The trees have white flowers.
9. When they bloom, the land looks white as snow.
10. The prince hoped the almond blossoms would cure his wife’s homesickness.
11. Spring finally came and the trees were in bloom.
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12. The princess looked out her window and was amazed.
13. The white flowers were so beautiful.
14. They reminded her of her snow-covered homeland.
15. She was touched by her husband’s kindness.
16. The prince and the princess lived happily ever after.
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Lesson 5. A Fun Book Holiday
1. World Book Day celebrates books and reading.
2. Since 1995, over 100 countries have held it on April 23.
3. April 23 is a special date.
4. Miguel de Cervantes died on April 23, 1616.
5. He was a great writer from Spain.
6. His most famous book is Don Quixote.
7. William Shakespeare died on that day too.
8. He was an English poet and playwright.
9. Some of his works are Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth.
10. In 1995, UNESCO made this day World Book Day.
11. Countries celebrate World Book Day in different ways.
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12. In Spain, the country of Cervantes, people hold many events.
13. Some read Don Quixote aloud.
14. It takes 48 hours to finish the book!
15. Also, there is Book Night.
16. Over 100 bookstores stay open until midnight.
17. They give discounts on many books.
18. It’s a fun holiday.
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Lesson 6. Watch the Groundhog
1. It’s February 2.
2. That means it’s Groundhog Day!
3. Groundhog Day is popular in the US and Canada.
4. People observe groundhogs on that day.
5. This is because groundhogs are a sign of spring!
6. Groundhogs sleep in burrows in winter.
7. Around late February, they come out.
8. If the sky is clear, they can see their shadows.
9. Then they go back into their burrows.
10. This means there will be six more weeks of winter.
11. If they don’t see their shadows, they leave their burrows.
12. That means spring will come soon.
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13. In the past, farmers watched groundhogs.
14. When they left their burrows, the farmers started planting crops.
15. Groundhogs don’t actually predict the arrival of spring.
16. But many people still love Groundhog Day.
17. They hold festivals, play music, and watch fireworks.
18. They have fun and wait for the groundhogs.
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Lesson 7. April Fools’ with the BBC
1. April 1 is April Fools’ Day.
2. People play jokes on each other then.
3. Sometimes, companies play jokes too.
4. The BBC TV network is famous for its jokes.
5. The first BBC joke was on April 1, 1957.
6. A news show talked about spaghetti farms in Switzerland.
7. In its video, people were picking spaghetti off trees.
8. They were also drying them on the ground!
9. Many people believed the news.
10. They called and asked how to grow spaghetti trees.
11. However, spaghetti trees don’t exist!
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12. Another joke was about penguins.
13. On April 1, 2008, the BBC made a big announcement.
14. They found flying penguins!
15. They even showed it in a video.
16. The presenter said the penguins couldn’t stand the cold winter.
17. They flew to a warmer place in the video.
18. People were excited about this.
19. They forgot an important fact.
20. Penguins can’t fly!
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Lesson 8. Marc Chagall’s Birthday Painting
1. The Russian-French painter Marc Chagall loved his wife, Bella.
2. He made beautiful paintings of her.
3. One of these is The Birthday.
4. The Birthday is about Marc’s birthday on July 7, 1915.
5. It was before he and Bella got married.
6. That day, Marc was working in his studio.
7. Then, Bella brought him a cake and flowers.
8. It was a nice surprise!
9. Marc loved it.
10. He even jumped up and kissed Bella.
11. Later, the moment inspired him.
12. He decided to paint The Birthday.
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13. The Birthday looks like a dream.
14. Marc is floating and twisting to kiss Bella.
15. He surprises her.
16. She’s holding flowers and wearing a black dress.
17. A bright red carpet and tablecloth make the room look warm.
18. A few weeks later, Marc and Bella got married.
19. His birthday painting looks so lovely.
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Lesson 9. The Four Seasons in Forests
1. When the seasons change, forests change too.
2. In spring, the weather gets warm.
3. Dandelions bloom then.
4. After their yellow flowers dry, they spread their seeds.
5. You can see many flying dandelion seeds in spring.
6. Summer is hotter than spring.
7. Forests become greener then.
8. Bugs live in leafy trees, so they love summer.
9. Fireflies are one of them.
10. They come out only in summer.
11. They glow bright to find mates.
12. Glowing fireflies at night are so pretty!
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13. Leaves come off trees, and the weather becomes colder in fall.
14. Also, animals begin saving food for winter.
15. Squirrels collect brown acorns.
16. Then, they dig holes and hide them.
17. Winter is the coldest season.
18. Hedgehogs don’t like this season.
19. So they sleep a lot during winter.
20. When they sleep, they breathe once every few minutes.
21. That way, they can save energy.
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Lesson 10. In-Season Foods Are the Best!
1. When are apples best?
2. In the fall!
3. Each food has its own season.
4. Eating in-season foods has many benefits.
5. First, in-season fruits and vegetables taste better.
6. In the right season, fruits and vegetables naturally become ripe.
7. This gives them more flavor.
8. Also, in-season foods are usually cheaper than out-of-season foods.
9. Farmers can sell these fruits and vegetables right after picking them.
10. They don’t have to store them for a long time.
11. That reduces costs.
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12. Last, in-season foods can give us certain nutrients when we need them.
13. For example, apricots are great in summer.
14. During this season, people get sunburned easily.
15. Luckily, an apricot has special nutrients.
16. These help us prevent sunburn.
17. Buy and eat in-season foods, not out-of-season foods.
18. Your wallet and your body will thank you.
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Lesson 11. Summer and Winter Solstices
1. The sun rises early and sets late in summer.
2. What about winter?
3. In winter, the sun rises late and sets early.
4. This is why we have longer days in summer than in winter.
5. The longest day of the year is called the summer solstice.
6. The winter solstice is the opposite.
7. It is the shortest day of the year.
8. This means that solstices happen only twice a year.
9. Some countries do something special on these days.
10. Peru holds the Festival of the Sun on the winter solstice.
11. During the festival, a man dresses up like a king.
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12. He and his people honor the sun god.
13. Sweden welcomes the summer solstice.
14. On this day, Swedish people make crowns with wildflowers and wear them.
15. They also dance together around a big pole.
16. How interesting!
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Lesson 12. The Four Musical Seasons
1. Argentina is full of tango.
2. You can enjoy tango music and dance there.
3. Astor Piazzolla was a tango composer from Argentina.
4. In 1965, he wrote four special tango pieces.
5. They were about the capital of the country, Buenos Aires.
6. Each was named after a season.
7. They describe the seasons of the city perfectly.
8. They’re written for many instruments.
9. There are violins, a piano, and an electric guitar!
10. At first, the four pieces were individual songs.
11. Later, they became one set.
12. It is called The Four Seasons of Buenos Aires.
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13. Around 1996, a Russian composer changed it.
14. He chose a famous piece of classical music.
15. And then he added it to Piazzolla’s tango.
16. The piece was The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi.
17. Now you can hear Piazzolla’s and Vivaldi’s music together.
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Lesson 13. Patterns of Light
1. Try throwing a ball at a wall.
2. What happens to the ball?
3. It bounces off the wall and comes back to you.
4. This happens with light and mirrors too!
5. When light hits a mirror, the mirror reflects the image.
6. A kaleidoscope is a toy with mirrors.
7. One type has three mirrors inside.
8. They make a triangle.
9. It also has some beads.
10. When you look inside it, you can see beautiful patterns.
11. How does this work?
12. The three mirrors reflect the images of the beads.
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13. The reflections bounce back and forth and from side to side.
14. This creates multiple patterns.
15. As you turn the toy, the beads move.
16. This makes the patterns keep changing.
17. Because of their beauty, people use kaleidoscope designs for many things.
18. You can find these pretty patterns on wrapping paper and fashionable clothes!
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Lesson 14. Mirror Writing
1. Leonardo da Vinci loved recording everything.
2. He always wrote down his ideas.
3. He had a special way of writing.
4. He wrote from right to left.
5. He also wrote his letters backwards.
6. This is called “mirror writing.”
7. It is hard to read.
8. But a mirror shows the letters with left and right reversed.
9. So it can help people read mirrored text.
10. Why did Da Vinci write like this?
11. There are many theories.
12. One of them is that he was a left-handed person.
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13. Writing this way probably kept his hand and notes clean.
14. Today we still see mirror writing.
15. You can see it on the front of ambulances.
16. The word AMBULANCE is usually written in large mirrored letters.
17. This is for the cars in front of the ambulance.
18. The drivers can see the word the right way in their rearview mirror.
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Lesson 15. The Hall of Mirrors
1. The Palace of Versailles in France is visited by many people every year.
2. Visitors love walking through the palace’s beautiful rooms.
3. Let’s look at one of them.
4. The Hall of Mirrors is the palace’s most famous room.
5. Inside the room, there are 17 huge mirrors.
6. Each huge mirror consists of 21 smaller mirrors.
7. So there are 357 mirrors in total.
8. Across from the huge mirrors, there are 17 large windows.
9. The mirrors and the windows are the same shape.
10. So the room looks balanced.
11. This palace was built under King Louis XIV.
12. Back then, mirrors were very expensive.
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13. This room was made to show off France’s wealth.
14. It also showed Louis XIV’s power.
15. King Louis XIV is shown in 30 different paintings on the ceiling.
16. Some of them show his victories in war.
17. He looks like a powerful god!
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Lesson 16. The Secret of The Arnolfini Portrait
1. Jan van Eyck was a painter from the Netherlands of the 1400s.
2. His paintings are famous for looking realistic.
3. One of his greatest works is The Arnolfini Portrait.
4. Do you see the man and woman in the painting?
5. The man is Giovanni Arnolfini.
6. He was a wealthy Italian trader.
7. The woman is his wife.
8. They are holding hands.
9. You can also see a dog, two pairs of sandals, and a mirror.
10. This portrait has an interesting secret.
11. Look closely at the mirror on the wall.
12. There are two other people in it!
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13. Many people believe one of them is Jan van Eyck.
14. He even wrote Jan van Eyck was here 1434 above the mirror.
15. The painter put himself in the center of the painting.
16. This makes the painting truly special!
