Insel11e Ppt07 Abortion

8/2/2019 Insel11e Ppt07 Abortion

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2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 7


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Abortion:

the expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus

Miscarriage:

Spontaneous abortion that occurs naturally

The history of abortion in the U.S.

Mid-1800s: Prior to 20 weeks was legal

1900s: Physicians joined with other groups - stating

untrained people were performing them. All statesmade abortion illegal

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1973: Roe versus Wade

Supreme Court ruled :

Pregnancy divided into 3 trimesters 1st trimester - up to women & doctor

2nd trimester - state may regulate

3rd trimester - state may regulate and bar all abortions that are notlife threatening to mother

U.S. Congress and federal Medicaid funds

17 states provide nonfederal public money

Current issues

2007 Gonzales v. Carhart - Supreme Court upholding the Partial Birth

Abortion Ban Act.

The Freedom of Choice Act is introduced to Senate

2008 Planned Parenthood Abortion Access in the United State.

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Pro-life: The fertilized egg is a human being from

the moment of conception and therefore an

abortion is murder.

Any women having sex knows pregnancy is possible - shehas a moral obligation

Women unable or unwilling to raise the children should

consider placing him/her up for adoption

Abortion has destructive effects on our traditional morals

and values

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Pro-Choice :There are distinct stages of fetal

development and that preserving the fetus early in

pregnancy is not the ultimate moral concern.

Women should have the right to make their own decisions If not legal then unsafe and unregulated practices would occur

Women would be divided into those who could afford and

those who could not.

Some physicians would be forced to break the law

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U.S. public opinion seems to changedepending on the situation

Many approve legal abortion when health orwelfare consequences could result

The issue in later pregnancy is when does theright of the fetus take precedence over thewomans rights

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8/25 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Legal arguments

Moral arguments

Short and long term ramifications

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Two categories Surgical - 87% of all abortions in 2005

Medical use of medication Emergency contraception pills or IUD

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Vacuum aspiration

Early abortion; about 6th to 12th week

Used about 90% of all abortions

Vagina is washes with antiseptic, Anesthetic is injected intoor near the cervix.

Cervix is gently and gradually stretched over a 24 hourperiod.

After dilation a tube connected to a suction machine gentlyempties the uterus

After suction a Curette (narrow metal loop) gently scrapes

the walls of the uterus After a few hours in recovery the woman can return home

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MVA

Done within 4 or 5 weeks of last menstrual cycle

More effective and safer if performed at least 6 or 7

weeks

Gentle suction of a syringe

Cervix is dilated with medication.

Uterus is emptied with a handheld syringe

If a definitive gestational sac is not identified then

women is tested for possible ectopic pregnancy

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One in ten abortions is performed after the 12thweek of pregnancy.

Abortion from 13 to 24 weeks of pregnancy

Dilation and Evacuation: D & E Two steps: 1st: Vagina is cleaned with antiseptic

Absorbent dilators are inserted

2nd: Pain medications are administered

Local anesthetic is injected into or near cervix Fetus and other products are removed by surgical

instruments and curettage

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Intact dilation and extraction (known as Partial

birth abortion)

Rarely performed 0.17% of all abortions performed

Became illegal in 2007 by the Supreme Court ruling of

Gonzales v. Carhart

Labor Induction:

Rarely performed

Inserts a medication called prostaglandin or urea or salt

solution into vagina

Causes contractions to begin

Causes a stillbirth to occur

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Medical Abortion Used very early in pregnancy within 49 days of the last

menstrual period.

Choose to use a combination of drugs to end the

pregnancy Advantages and Disadvantages

Drugs used:

Mifepristone Blocks the effect of progesterone

Misoprostol Induces contractions

Methotrexate Stops the embryonic or fetal cells from dividing

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MifepristoneMisoprostol method

Initial dose of mifepristone

Two days later take dose of misoprostol

Effective rate is 92-95% Side effects

Follow-up procedures

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Mifepristone (RU-486)-Misoprostol Method Swallow a dose of Mifepristone at the doctors office

Two days later insert Misoprostol into vagina

Abortion happens from anywhere form a few hours to several

weeks

50% occur within 4 hours

75% within 24 hours

After two weeks of taking mifepristone, a woman must

return for a follow-up Advantages

Disadvantages

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Methotrexate with prostaglandin

Methotrexate stops the embryonic or fetal cells

from dividing.

80-85% of women will abort within 2 weeks

95% will abort within 30 days

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Possible physical effects Fever above 100 F.

Abdominal pain or tenderness

Swelling

Backache Prolonged or Heavy bleeding

Foul smelling vaginal discharge

Vomiting

Fainting

Delay of 6 or more weeks in resuming menstruation

Incomplete abortion

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Possible feels after having an abortion Guilt

New strength in having made and carried out an important

decision Depression

Sense of loss

Negative feelings about sex

Relationship may end

Anger

Bitterness

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Chapter 7

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Insel11e Ppt07 Abortion