Insect Pests Of Brinjal

By Nandana N Kumara

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Brinjal

Family -Solanaceae

Genus -Solanum

Species -S.melongena

Common names- Brinjal

/egg plant

/aubergine /(Sn- wambatu)

Plants with close relationship-

Tomato/potatoFruit

Plant

Flower

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

ClassificationPhylum -Arthropoda

Class -Insecta

Order -Lepidoptera

Family -Pyralidae

Eg -Leucinodes orbonalis

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

DistributionMalaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Germany

and East Africa

Crops that can be attackedBrinjal

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Life history Eggs• Eggs are spindle in shape and creamy white in color. • Adult female lays 80-120 eggs in singly or in batches.• scattered on the under side of leaves or on green stems• Incubation period is 3-5 days.

Larva• Larva is a reddish brown caterpillar (creamy white in early instars). • It has dark brown tubercles arranged in rows• Head is shiny brown with a black thoracic shield• 5 larval instars present.• Larval period is 11-13 days

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Life history cont’dPupa•Pupa is within a leathery brown cocoon on the outside of the fruit, stem or the ground

•pupa is brownish in color •pupal period is 11-13 days.

Adult •Wings of adult are white with a pinkish tinge. •Distinct dark brown markings on fore wings.•Apical and anal margins of wings have hairs. •Some light brown patches are present on the surface of the wings.

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Life cycle

Eggs (leaf surface) Larva (burrows into fruit)

Adult (flying) Pupa (outside of fruits)

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Damage• Damage is done by larva.• Larva bores into and feeds on the stem and fruits. • One larva can damage 4-6 fruits.

Damage symptoms• The attacked shoots wilt and hang down. • These shoots have tiny holes with extrudations of yellowish or

brown faecal matter. • The attacked fruits have black circular openings covered with frass.

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

ControlCultural methodsRemove and destroy affected shoots and fruitsAvoid continuous cropping of Brinjal

Chemical methodsSpray, one of following chemicals in 625L of water per hectare. 2 L of Endosulfan 35 EC 2 L of Quinalphos 25 EC1.25 L of Triazophos 40 EC2 Kg of Carbaryl 50 WP400 ml of Decamethrin 2.8 ECRepeated use of the same insecticide should be avoided to prevent development of resistance in the pest.

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Images

Eggs 0.7mm

Larva 14mm

Pupa and pupal cocoon

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Images

Adult 26mm

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Brinjal shoot and pod borer

Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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Lady bird beetle

ClassificationPhylum -Arthropoda

Class -Insecta

Order -Coleoptera

Family -Coccinellidae

Eg -Epilachna indica (there are several species)

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Lady bird beetle

DistributionWide spreaded • Serious pest in Africa and north America• Present in Sri Lanka

Crops that can be attackedHighly Polyphagous• Brinjal and other solanaceous plants• Almost every cucurbit• Some legumes• Graminaceous plants and may other plants

Lady bird beetle

Life history

Eggs• Eggs are yellowish in color. • Elongated-oval in shape• 0.5mm in length • Laid in clusters on the underside of the leaves• Each female lays about 12 clusters having an average of 22

eggs • Incubation period is 3-4 days

Lady bird beetleLife history cont’d

Larva• Larva is yellowish in color with a dark head. • bears a series of tubercles covered with branched spines • Larval period is 14-19 days.

Pupa• Pupation takes place on the leaves. • Pupa is yellowish white in color • Distinct dark brown markings present on the abdomen

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Lady bird beetle

Life history cont’d

Adult• Adult is hemispherical in shape. • Reddish brown in color • Covered with fine short setae • 12 black spots on elytra.

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Lady bird beetle

life cycleEggs (on leaf surfaces) Larva (on leaf surfaces)

Adult (flying in the field) Pupa (on leaf surfaces)

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Lady bird beetle

Damage• Damage is done by Both adults and larvae• Adults feed on the upper epidermis resulting in transparent

markings. • Larvae feed on leaves by nibbing the upper and lower epidermal

surfaces.

Damage symptoms• Rows of transparent, crescent shape and scorched patches can be

seen on leaves. • These patches become brownish later.

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Lady bird beetle

Control• In home gardens hand picking and destroying of life

stages can be done

Chemical control

Spraying of• Trichlofon• Dieldrin• Malathion

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Lady bird beetle

Images

Eggs 0.5mm Larva 6-7 mm Pupa 6mm

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Lady bird beetle

Images

Adult 6-8mm

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Lady bird beetle

Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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Lace winged bug

ClassificationPhylum -Arthropoda

Class -Insecta

Order -Heteroptera

Family -Tingidae

Eg -Urentius echinus (or Urentius hystricellus)

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Lace winged bug

DistributionIndia and Sri Lanka

Crops that can be attackedBrinjal

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Lace winged bug

Life history Eggs• Shiny white in colour• Female lays 35-40 eggs singly in the leaf tissues of

lower surface.• Incubation period is 3-12 days. Nymph• Nymphs are pale yellow in color • prominent spines present on the body. • 2mm in length and 1.35 in width• crawl down to the under surface of leaves and live near

the mid rib.

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Lace winged bug

Life history cont’d

Adults• Adults are small bugs of 3mm in length• Pronotum and hemi elytra are reticulated. (lace like)• Wings are brownish, but head , thorax and abdomen are

black. • Body is flat and shiny. • There are several overlapping generations within a year.

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Lace winged bug

Life cycleEggs (in tissues of the lower surface of leaves)

Nymphs (on lower surface of leaves)

Adults (on lower and upper surfaces of the leaves)

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Lace winged bug

Damage• Damage is done by both adults and nymphs.• They suck the sap from leaves.

Damage symptoms• Attacked leaves have yellowish patches near the mid rib. • Nymphal cases and frass can be seen on the underside of the

leaves.

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Lace winged bug

ControlChemical control• Apply any of following dissolved in 625 L for 1ha• 625ml of Diazinon 20 EC• 1L of Dimethoate 30 EC• Systemic insecticides like Carbofuran and Carbaryl are

also effective

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Lace winged bug

Images

Adults 3mm

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Lace winged bug

Images

Nymphs 2mm

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Lace winged bug

Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

ClassificationPhylum -Arthropoda

Class -Insecta

Order -Coleoptera

Family -Curculionidae

Eg -Myllocerus viridanus

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

DistributionIndia and Sri Lanka

Crops that can be attackedBrinjal

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Life history Eggs• Ovoid in shape• Light yellowish in color• Eggs are laid in soil• Hatch in 3-5 days

Larva• Larva is white in color• Legless• Cylindrical in shape• 8mm in size• Completes development in 1-2 months

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Life history cont’dPupaLarva pupate in soil inside earthen cells.It is a typical coleopteran pupaPupa is creamy white in colorPupal period is 1 week

AdultAdult is a grayish weevil.3-6mm longlife span is 1-4 monthsBreeds 3-4 times a year

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Life cycle

Eggs (under ground) Larva (under ground)

Adult (flying in the field) Pupa (under ground)

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Damage• Damage is done by adults and larva• Larva feeds on underground roots• Adults feed on leaves, buds, flowers

Damage symptoms• Young seedlings may wilt and die due to the larval feeding on roots.• Prominent round holes can be seen on leaves, buds and flowers.

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

ControlCultural methods• Plough into a depth of 7.5cm

Chemical methods• Spray 2.5 kg of Carbaryl 50 wp in 375 liters of water per

hectare.• Systemic insecticide like carbofuran are also effective.

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Images

Larva 8mm

Pupa

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Images

Adult 3-6mm

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Brinjal Grey Weevil

Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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References

• Atwal, A.S. & G.S. Dhaliwal (1997). Agricultural Pests of South Asia and Their Management. Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi.

• Hill, D.S. (1979).Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

• http://www.avrdc.org/LC/eggplant/epilachna.html• http://student.biology.arizona.edu/honors2002/group10/181H.html• http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/veg/bean/mexican_bean_beetle.htm• http://www.agriculture.gov.bn/website2003/ninformation/fact30.htm• http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/weevil-pest-alert.html• http://www.aphorticulture.com/Brinjal.htm• http://ecoport.org/ep?

SearchType=pdb&PdbID=31345&pictureType=PH&subjectType=E&subjectId=136404

• http://ecoport.org/ep?searchType=entityTaxonSearch&taxonName=Urentius• http://www.koleopterologie.de/heteroptera/2cimi1/tingidae-urentius-chobauti-

foto-guenther.html

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Thank you for your attention!