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edhalter log out ADVERTISE BACK ISSUES CONTACT US SUBSCRIBE search ARTGUIDE IN PRINT 500 WORDS PREVIEWS BOOKFORUM A&E 中文版 DIARY PICKS NEWS VIDEO FILM PASSAGES SLANT IN PRINT recent issues March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 Archive to 1962 WAY, WAY BACK, in the nearPleistocene, preiPhone year of 2005, GUTHRIE LONERGAN was playing around. The programmer and artist was taking the Internet’s presets and plugins and stock images—caches of photos, video, and code that were merely given and everywhere available—and investigating their early promise of social connectivity and sensory plenitude in tandem with their degraded, schlocky aesthetics, their illusions of choice, and their veiled mechanisms of control. His work would come to question the very divides between online and offline, to probe the strange and inextricable relation between the two experiences, and he would become legendary among other artists, if remaining virtually unknown to the larger art world. Lonergan tried to enter that world in earnest, to make his ephemeral work stick, make it solid, “print it out”—a strategy that would be darkly mirrored when the problematic term “postInternet” was used to brand and sell a wide variety of art production. But by then Lonergan had moved on. Ed Halter tells his story. “SOMETHING REAL COMING THROUGH” Visit Guthrie Lonergan’s website at theageofmammals.com and you’ll find little but a long index of links, rendered in Times New Roman on plain white, ordered for the most part by year, in reverse chronology, stretching back to 2005. Scroll to the bottom. One of the earliest of the hyperlinks is titled “LONELY LOS ANGELES.” Follow the link, and it leads to another simply designed page, this one populated by two adjoining columns of screenshots that record MapQuest images of LA. The top row shows a pair of busy grids of red highways and spindly black streets. Beneath these shots are the words “Lonely Los Angeles” (again in Times New Roman) over an animated GIF of a tiny blue automobile, slowly creeping across the page. Below lies the heart of the piece: sixteen maps of underpopulated parts of the city with barely anything to chart. In one, Mulholland Drive forms a wobbly horizontal barrier between expanses of pure beige and green. In others, bits of roadway jut inward from the edge of the shot, like hairs stuck in the gate of a film projector, deadending in featureless fields. One map is merely a rectangle of green, bordered like every one of its neighbors with the MapQuest logo, a minuscule icon denoting scale in meters and feet, and a copyright notice. This last example from Lonergan’s Lonely Los Angeles, 2005, has its literary precedent in a map famously described by Lewis Carroll in his narrative poem The Hunting of the Snark (1876). In this mock epic, the captain of the ship engaged in chasing said creature employs “a large map representing the sea, / Without the least vestige of land,” completely devoid of latitude or longitude lines—devoid, for that matter, of any features at all—presenting “a perfect and absolute blank.” Indeed, on one level Lonely Los Angeles is an exercise in Carrollian nonsense, subverting the utility of a mapping service by isolating portions of the city to the degree that they become illegible, thereby altering the site’s function from conduit of information to generator of abstract compositions. But the piece’s title, and the character of the poky little car driving solo underneath, impart a melancholy to these images that goes beyond both their obvious absurdity and interest in form. The viewer is put in the position of a Web surfer near the middle of the last decade, searching through street maps of Los Angeles for something, but choosing roads that lead nowhere. In fact, this reflects how the project was created. In an interview with Light Industry codirector Thomas Beard in 2008, Lonergan says he made the piece (while still an undergraduate at the University of California, Los Angeles) “before I learned to drive, so in a way I was using the computer lab to cruise around the city.” The deft economy of Lonely Los Angeles typifies Lonergan’s best extant work. Elegant yet humble gestures like this, generating maximum emotional resonance from minimal arrangements of found online media, made him something of a legend among fellow artists engaged with the Internet in the past decade or so. A few months ago, Cory Arcangel—an artist known for his sustained and groundbreaking involvement with new media—told me that he thought Lonergan, though little known in the greater art world, was “our Bruce Nauman.” If Nauman asserted that anything that happens in an artist’s studio can be art, Lonergan updated this claim for an age in which the artist’s studio had become a laptop. “ONE BIG DATABASE” About twentyone years old when he uploaded Lonely Los Angeles, Lonergan would make his most important connections well beyond the confines of his native city, in the dispersed communities of the emergent social Web. Finding other people online was a more peripatetic affair at that time, when the oligarchy of megaplatforms that now exists had yet to fully take hold of online experience. For example, YouTube was still in its infancy when Lonergan compiled Babies’ First Steps, 2005, a montage of amateur videos (pixelated by the exigencies of compression) by parents marking a milestone in their children’s development from newborn to toddler; to gather the footage, he used the Lycos search engine to locate video files on individual homepages. As an homage to its origins, Babies’ First Steps can be found today embedded like its source materials in the center of an otherwise empty page, the background of which is shaded a nurserywall pink. NOVEMBER 2014 Guthrie Lonergan, Lonely Los Angeles (details), 2005, website screen captures. links

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  • edhalter logout ADVERTISE BACKISSUES CONTACTUS SUBSCRIBE search

    ARTGUIDE INPRINT 500WORDS PREVIEWS BOOKFORUM A&E DIARY PICKS NEWS VIDEO FILM PASSAGES SLANT

    INPRINT

    recentissuesMarch2015

    February2015

    January2015

    December2014

    November2014

    October2014

    September2014

    Archiveto1962

    WAY,WAYBACK,inthenearPleistocene,preiPhoneyearof2005,GUTHRIELONERGANwasplayingaround.TheprogrammerandartistwastakingtheInternetspresetsandpluginsandstockimagescachesofphotos,video,andcodethatweremerelygivenandeverywhereavailableandinvestigatingtheirearlypromiseofsocialconnectivityandsensoryplenitudeintandemwiththeirdegraded,schlockyaesthetics,theirillusionsofchoice,andtheirveiledmechanismsofcontrol.Hisworkwouldcometoquestiontheverydividesbetweenonlineandoffline,toprobethestrangeandinextricablerelationbetweenthetwoexperiences,andhewouldbecomelegendaryamongotherartists,ifremainingvirtuallyunknowntothelargerartworld.

    Lonergantriedtoenterthatworldinearnest,tomakehisephemeralworkstick,makeitsolid,printitoutastrategythatwouldbedarklymirroredwhentheproblematictermpostInternetwasusedtobrandandsellawidevarietyofartproduction.ButbythenLonerganhadmovedon.EdHaltertellshisstory.

    SOMETHINGREALCOMINGTHROUGH

    VisitGuthrieLonerganswebsiteattheageofmammals.comandyoullfindlittlebutalongindexoflinks,

    renderedinTimesNewRomanonplainwhite,orderedforthemostpartbyyear,inreversechronology,

    stretchingbackto2005.Scrolltothebottom.OneoftheearliestofthehyperlinksistitledLONELYLOS

    ANGELES.Followthelink,anditleadstoanothersimplydesignedpage,thisonepopulatedbytwo

    adjoiningcolumnsofscreenshotsthatrecordMapQuestimagesofLA.Thetoprowshowsapairofbusy

    gridsofredhighwaysandspindlyblackstreets.BeneaththeseshotsarethewordsLonelyLosAngeles

    (againinTimesNewRoman)overananimatedGIFofatinyblueautomobile,slowlycreepingacrossthe

    page.Belowliestheheartofthepiece:sixteenmapsofunderpopulatedpartsofthecitywithbarely

    anythingtochart.Inone,MulhollandDriveformsawobblyhorizontalbarrierbetweenexpansesofpure

    beigeandgreen.Inothers,bitsofroadwayjutinwardfromtheedgeoftheshot,likehairsstuckinthegate

    ofafilmprojector,deadendinginfeaturelessfields.Onemapismerelyarectangleofgreen,borderedlike

    everyoneofitsneighborswiththeMapQuestlogo,aminusculeicondenotingscaleinmetersandfeet,and

    acopyrightnotice.

    ThislastexamplefromLonergansLonelyLosAngeles,2005,hasitsliteraryprecedentinamapfamously

    describedbyLewisCarrollinhisnarrativepoemTheHuntingoftheSnark(1876).Inthismockepic,the

    captainoftheshipengagedinchasingsaidcreatureemploysalargemaprepresentingthesea,/Without

    theleastvestigeofland,completelydevoidoflatitudeorlongitudelinesdevoid,forthatmatter,ofany

    featuresatallpresentingaperfectandabsoluteblank.Indeed,ononelevelLonelyLosAngelesisan

    exerciseinCarrolliannonsense,subvertingtheutilityofamappingservicebyisolatingportionsofthecity

    tothedegreethattheybecomeillegible,therebyalteringthesitesfunctionfromconduitofinformationto

    generatorofabstractcompositions.Butthepiecestitle,andthecharacterofthepokylittlecardrivingsolo

    underneath,impartamelancholytotheseimagesthatgoesbeyondboththeirobviousabsurdityand

    interestinform.TheviewerisputinthepositionofaWebsurfernearthemiddleofthelastdecade,

    searchingthroughstreetmapsofLosAngelesforsomething,butchoosingroadsthatleadnowhere.Infact,

    thisreflectshowtheprojectwascreated.InaninterviewwithLightIndustrycodirectorThomasBeardin

    2008,Lonergansayshemadethepiece(whilestillanundergraduateattheUniversityofCalifornia,Los

    Angeles)beforeIlearnedtodrive,soinawayIwasusingthecomputerlabtocruisearoundthecity.

    ThedefteconomyofLonelyLosAngelestypifiesLonergansbestextantwork.Elegantyethumblegestures

    likethis,generatingmaximumemotionalresonancefromminimalarrangementsoffoundonlinemedia,

    madehimsomethingofalegendamongfellowartistsengagedwiththeInternetinthepastdecadeorso.A

    fewmonthsago,CoryArcangelanartistknownforhissustainedandgroundbreakinginvolvementwith

    newmediatoldmethathethoughtLonergan,thoughlittleknowninthegreaterartworld,wasourBruce

    Nauman.IfNaumanassertedthatanythingthathappensinanartistsstudiocanbeart,Lonerganupdated

    thisclaimforanageinwhichtheartistsstudiohadbecomealaptop.

    ONEBIGDATABASE

    AbouttwentyoneyearsoldwhenheuploadedLonelyLosAngeles,Lonerganwouldmakehismost

    importantconnectionswellbeyondtheconfinesofhisnativecity,inthedispersedcommunitiesofthe

    emergentsocialWeb.Findingotherpeopleonlinewasamoreperipateticaffairatthattime,whenthe

    oligarchyofmegaplatformsthatnowexistshadyettofullytakeholdofonlineexperience.Forexample,

    YouTubewasstillinitsinfancywhenLonergancompiledBabiesFirstSteps,2005,amontageofamateur

    videos(pixelatedbytheexigenciesofcompression)byparentsmarkingamilestoneintheirchildrens

    developmentfromnewborntotoddlertogatherthefootage,heusedtheLycossearchenginetolocate

    videofilesonindividualhomepages.Asanhomagetoitsorigins,BabiesFirstStepscanbefoundtoday

    embeddedlikeitssourcematerialsinthecenterofanotherwiseemptypage,thebackgroundofwhichis

    shadedanurserywallpink.

    NOVEMBER2014

    GuthrieLonergan,LonelyLosAngeles(details),2005,websitescreencaptures.

    links

  • Atthetime,thecleaninstitutionalspacesofFacebookremainedrestrictedtocollegestudents.ItspredecessorMyspacethentypifiedtheadolescenceoftheInternetitself:awkwardlydesigned,uncertainofwhatitshouldbecome,butopentoexperimentingwithextreme(andoftenquestionable)formsofselfexpression.AseriesofMyspacepagescustomizedbyLonergan,collectivelytitledMyMyspaces,20052006,isnoweffectivelylost,thankstosuccessivechangeoversinthesocialnetworksarchitecture.OneofthefewofthesetthatwererecordedontheInternetArchivesWaybackMachinewasfittinglylocatedundertheusernameghostsofmyspace:Thepageseemstohavedepictedaflattenedmapoftheglobesurmountedbyatrioofidenticalanimatedghosts,eachGIFenlargedintoapulsatingcloudofsoftpixels,hoveringoverasetofnearlyinformationfreeframes.Encounteringanoldwebsitelikethisisastrangeexperiencenownotonlyaremanyofitshyperlinksdead,butdead,too,areitsconnectionstoofflinereality,sincethegreatersocialworldwithinwhichitwasmadetofunctionnolongerexists.

    ThoughhetinkeredoffandonwithMyspace,Lonerganmadehismostimportantdiscoveriesonthebarerboneddel.icio.us,asocialbookmarkingprojectdesignedbyJoshuaSchachterthatallowsuserstoquicklysharelinkstopagesastheysurfthem.Itwasondel.icio.usthatLonergandevelopedatasteforthemostbanalofonlineephemeraapagecelebratingitsauthorscollectionofSuperSoakersquirtgunsaphotooftwofloppydisks,onemarkedMARILYNMANSONPICTURESDARCYSwithatinyhanddrawnpentacleavideoofkidsglidingdownaSlipNSlide.Throughthisongoingresearch,LonerganfoundacircleoffellowWebsurferswhosharedaninterestincollectingsuchthingsandeggedoneanotherontofindtheultimateexamplesofdigitalartifactsthatmightproveastonishingintheirtypicality.Lonerganthenjoinedafewofthemostardentdel.icio.usposters,includingTravisHallenbeck,JohnMichaelBoling,andMarisaOlson,increatingtheblogNastyNets,anInternetsurfclubpredicatedonthesharingofsuchlinks,aswellasofthenewvideos,animatedGIFS,andotherdigitaldetritusassemblagestheywouldcreatefromtherawmaterialprovidedbytheWeb.TheclassicNastyNetspostwassomethingthathoveredinitsstrangenessjustbelowthethresholdofmemespreadability,toounderstatedinitsawkwardnesstobenoticedbytheInternetatlarge,yetsubtlyenhancedbythebarelytheresurfclubcontext.

    ThebulkofNastyNetsactivitiestranspiredbetween2006and2009.Thefirstfewofthoseyearsalsomarked,arguably,theculturalapogeeofInternetbrowsingitself,beforesuchpleasureswouldbechallengedbycompetingactivitiesourattentionscorralledintomalllikesocialnetworks,highwayedoverbyserialtelevisionbingeing,orprocessedthroughatoyboxofapps.Fordesktopusers,itwastheageofthefirstbigflatscreens,vastvistaspoweredbybroadbandconnections,onwhichtheusermightroamfastandfree,abletoenlargeoldtwentiethcenturypagessotheirprimitiveelementsseemedtofloatwithinthesebrightnewexpanses.TheneoDecodesignofspecializedcomputerdesksintheyearsleadinguptothisperiodreflectedtheluxuriousnatureofWebsurfing.Theseunitsbodiesofpressedwoodpulp,shapedintovaguelyMetropolislikerecessesfordrives,speakers,andDVRspindles,promisedkinglyconveniencetotheuserashekickedbackinhisergonomictaskchair.

    ThedomesticarchitecturesofthisperiodarepreservedinLonergansmusicvideoDomain,2006,aslideshowofphotosdepictingusersselfdesignedmediacentersmakeshiftclustersofscreensanddevicessurroundedbypilesofclutterintercutwithstandarddefinitionfootagezoomingoverajankilyrenderedvirtualocean.Theworksdirgelikemidisoundtrackreinforcesasenseofsolitude,ofwanderingalonethroughdigitalspace.Suchwasthefeelingofthatera,foreveniftheusermultitasked,surfingwithanopenchatwindow,socializingwasadiscreteactivitythathadtobeturnedonratherthanoptedoutof.InotherpiecesbyLonergan,thedesiretocommunicateisarticulatedwithunderstateddesperation.OneoftwovideostitledAcapella,2009,presentsclipsfromastockfootagelibrary,stillbearingtheirtimecodes,ofobjectssuchasanapple,abasketball,andaburgeoningpileofpopcorn,morphingoverchromakeyreadysinglecolorbackgrounds.LonergansetsthiscollectiontoStingsacappellaversionofthePolicesMessageinaBottle.ThatsongsrefrainofsendingoutanSOSseemstoechoLonergansWebcollagebrb,2008,madefrommerelytwoelements:thelowercaselettersofitsacronymictitle,scrollingrighttoleft,placedoveranembedded,loopingsoundfileofwhatoneatfirstassumestobetheMorsecodedistresssignal(threeshort,threelong,threeshort),butuponcarefullisteningdiscoverstospelloutbrb(onelong,threeshortoneshort,onelong,oneshortandonelong,threeshort).Berightback.

    HACKINGVRS.DEFAULTS

    Duringtheseyears,Lonerganmadethemajorityofhispublicoutput,includinghismostaccomplishedworks.SomeareformalexperimentsinstrippeddownHTML,suchasCarpetinCarpetandMarbleMirror,both2007,madefromoverlappinganimatedGIFsquaresbearingcontrastingtexturesinmotion,eachbuiltfromnomorethantwentyonelinesofstreamlinedcodeperpage.OtherpiecesreflectonthevernacularaestheticsoftheWebasitblossomedintoatruemassculture.InternetGroupShot,2006,isavertical

    GuthrieLonergan,

    BabiesFirstSteps,2005,digitalvideo,color,sound,4minutes6seconds.

    GuthrieLonergan,Halt,

    robot!(detail),2006,Webpage.

  • collageofcutoutsnapshots,collectedfromhomepagesandforums,showinggroupsofeverydaypeoplegrinningforthecameraHalt,robot!,2006,isasimilararrangement,thistimeofmulticoloredstringsofCAPTCHAtext,thosefamiliarlookandretypeuseridentificationteststhathelpcomputerstellwerehuman.Bothreference,throughakindofpopcybernetics,standardizedhumanresponsescuedbyinterfaceswithmachines.ArtistLookingatCamera,2006,furtherpursuesthistheme.Appropriatingstockfootageofanonymousactorsplayingpainters,potters,andarchitectswhoglanceupfromtheir(notablytraditional)craftstosmileintothelens,LonergansvideostillbearstheGettyImageswatermark,whichinterruptsthecoldgazeofeachwelllitfaceasitattemptstomakeanemotionalconnectionwithahypotheticalviewer.

    PerhapsLonergansmostinfluentialworkishispieceHackingvrs.defaultschart,2007,atwocolumnHTMLtableattemptingtoparsewhathesawasthetwomainmodesofInternetartatthetime.Theleftcolumn,titledHacking,istypifiedbyHackingaNintendocartridgetomakeimages(areferencetoearlyworkbyArcangel,suchasSuperMarioClouds,2002),Rock&Rollattitude,andSophisticatedbreakingoftechnology,anditiscounterposedwithDefaults,therighthandcolumn,whichoffersinsteadUsingMSPainttomakeimages,Exuberanthumility,andSeminaive,regularuseoftechnology.Thechartwasreceivedasanaestheticmanifestoofitsmoment,evenreadattimesasagenerationallineinthesand.Asitcirculated,Hackingvrs.defaultschartsparkedreactionanddebateonRhizome.organdblogsdevotedtonewmedia,uppingthetermdefaultsasakeycriticalconceptindiscussionsaboutartisticengagementswithtechnology.BloggerTomMoody,himselfanactiveNastyNetsparticipant,laterinterpretedLonergansdichotomyasmeanttodistinguishartistswhouseofftheshelfsoftwarefromtheoldertypeofnetartistewhoinsistsonhandcodingeverything.Lonerganhimself,however,indicatedthatthephenomenonhedescribedhadapplicationbeyondmereartmaking.Therearedefaultsinourculture,LonergantoldtheWallStreetJournalin2007,foranarticleoninternetinspiredart.MySpacedoesntsetupsomethingforyoutocreateanintroductionvideo,butkindoflikeatelephoneansweringmachine,youassumeacertainkindofvoiceandsaycertainthings.

    Likemanyartistsdeclarationsonthegeneralnatureofart,Hackingvrs.defaultschartcanalsobereadmorespecificallyasaselfanalysisoftheauthorsownpractice.HadtherebeenanydoubtaboutthisinLonerganscase,itwouldhavebeendispelledbyalecturetheartistgaveatLightIndustryinBrooklynin2009,titledWeDidItOurselves!(AsoneofthecuratorsofLightIndustry,Iinvitedhimtospeak.)ThiseventgrewoutofaseriesofperformancesLonergangavein2006,inwhichhesurf[ed]theInternetinpublic,sharinghisownwork,theworkoffellowartists,andmaterialshehadcollectedonline.Inhislecture,Lonergandescribeshowthedoityourselfauraofindiemusichadbecomefarlesscompellingwhensuchmusicbecame,suddenly,widelyavailabletoallonthedemocraticspacesoftheearlyWeb.Intheprocessofexploringtheseissues,LonergancametothinkabouttheInternetasonebigdatabase,asentimenthehadexpressedsomewhatdifferentlyayearearlierinhisinterviewwithBeard,inwhichheremarked,IguessalotofmyworkapproachestheInternetasthoughitisonesingularbeing(whoa).

    ThesewebsitesIwasattractedtonevercompletelylooklikecrap,hetoldtheaudienceatLightIndustry,butthereisanantiseptic,corporatefoundationtothematerial.Certaindefaultsinthesoftwarearealwayspresent,andIfoundmyselfattractedtothesedefaults.Byfocusingonthetensionsbetweentheanonymityoftechnologicallystandardizedtemplatesandtheircounterintuitiveuseasvehiclesofpersonalexpression,LonerganhomedinonaphenomenonpeculiartothatmomentofInternetcultureyetgeneralizabletothehumanconditionasawhole:

    Iminlovewiththestruggleassomethingrealcomingthroughthisstructure.IhateutopianfantasiesoftheInternetasthistotallyfree,democraticspacethatwillmakeourlivesbetter.Wereallusingthispreexistingfoundationthatwillalwaysbetherenomatterwhat.Defaultsarealsoareactiontotheinfinitechoicesandpossibilitiesofferedbythevirtual(lettingthecomputerchooseforyou).Youcantgetoffthegrid,butthestruggleofnormal,basicInternetuserstogetsomethingrealthroughthisexistinggridisreallyexciting.Onsomelevel,Ithinkofdefaultasametaphorforallkindsofmediateddistance,forthewaywefeeldissociatedfromwar,money,art,andmusic.

    INTERNETAWAREART

    ItwouldbeincorrecttoimagineLonerganasasuigenerisdigitalnative,unmooredfromanytraditionorschool,whorealizedthepotentialofnewtechnologybydintofaninherentlygenerationalgenius.Infact,hewasexposedtotheongoinghistoryofInternetartevenbeforeattendingUCLA,where,hetoldmeinarecentGoogleHangoutinterview,hedhadaposterofArcangelsSuperMarioCloudsabovehisbedfreshmanyearandhefollowedinfluentialfigureslikePaperRadandJODIearlyon.Moreover,hisworkhashadanintermittentbutprominentpresenceingalleriesandmuseums.In2009,hecuratedashowwithartistPaulSlocumatthelattersDallasgallery,And/Or,forwhichtheycollectedandexhibitedexamplesoftemplatedriven,usermadeanimationsfromthemediasharingsiteYTMND(yourethemannowdog.com,establishedbyMaxGoldberg).Createdfromonlyafewelementseachtypicallyatiledanimatedimage,aloopingsoundfile,anduptothreelinesoftextYTMNDcompositionswereearlyversionsofthefunnymemestodaysharedonTumblrandFacebookbut,intheirrawminimalism,couldeasilybemistakenforworksofNetart.And/Orsexhibitionproposedthatsuchdistinctionsareirrelevant.Inanessaywrittentoaccompanytheshow,Picture.Sound.Text.,Lonerganarguesthat,whileYTMNDwantsnothingtodowithart,itnonethelesssortofcantquitebedefinedasanythingbutart...itssingularfocusformatisassharpasanyculturalappropriationintheartworld.

    LonergansworkappearedintwomajorsurveyshowsattheNewMuseuminNewYork,itsopeningexhibition,Unmonumental,in2008,anditsfirsttriennial,TheGenerationalTriennial:YoungerThanJesus,in2009.Forthelatter,LonerganpresentedhisMyspaceIntroPlaylist,2006,aYouTubeplaylistoffoundMyspacevideosinwhich(mostly)teensintroducethemselvestovisitors,asatwochannelinstallationthiswasalsotheforminwhichthepiecehadappearedinTheNewNormal,agroupshowatArtistsSpaceinNewYorktheyearbefore.AftercriticBenDavis,writingforArtnet,glossedLonergansworkasbeingaboutsocialmediabutnotitselfsocialmediaart,argumentsaboutthevalidityofthisfinedifferencepoweredanextendeddiscussiononRhizomesforums.OneofLonergansformercollaborators,NastyNetsMoody,contendedthatMyspaceIntroPlaylisthadbeentransformedbystagesfromanexpressioninsidesocialmediaintostandardmuseumvideoartfare,therebylosingmuchofitsoriginalmeaning.ThisclaimledtofurtherdebateonRhizome,includingresponsesfromLaurenCornell,oneofthecuratorsofYoungerThanJesus,andLonerganhimself.WhileIunderstoodtheworkhadanoriginalform&location,Ialsofeltitcouldhavedifferentversionsinnewcontextsthatwerevalid,Cornellwrote.Here,shemaybereferencingaconceptpopularizedbyartistOliverLaricinhisvideoessayVersions,2009,

    GuthrieLonergan,ShortMusicVideo#6,2005,digitalvideo,color,sound,4seconds.From9ShortMusicVideos,2005.

  • whichfeaturesavoiceoverbyLonerganinthecharacterofTheInternet.InhisownresponsetoMoody,Lonerganwrotethatheagree[s]thattheoriginalonlineMyspaceIntroPlaylistonYouTubeisthebetterversionofthepiece,buthealsothoughtthattheDVDversionisamorepermanentdocumentationofalive,linkedYouTubeplaylistpiecethatwillslowlydisappear.

    InhishighlyinfluentialessayDispersion,publishedinitsearliestformin2002,artistSethPricedescribesahypotheticalscenarioinwhichartistsmightbetterengagewiththesituationoftwentyfirstcenturycapitalismbycreatingworkthatcanvanishintothestructuresofmassdistributionforPrice,thisincludedpracticessuchasbookandmusicpublishing,aswellasthenewerpossibilitiesofferedbytheInternet.Engagingtheseprocesses,Priceoffered,couldextendthelegacyofConceptualismintoanewerathroughagameofontologicalbrinkmanshipbetweenartandnonart,playedoutinthepublicsphere.Insomeways,theactivitiesofLonerganandhisNastyNetspeerscouldbeseenasarealizationofPricesproposal.ButLonerganreverseengineeredPricesprophecy.Ratherthanstartingoutasagalleryartist,thenmovingonfromthatcontexttoexploitthemechanismsandformsofmassmediaincreatinganddisseminatinghisart,Lonerganbeganhisworkonlineandonlylaterattemptedtoadapthispracticeinordertoparticipateinmeatspaceexhibitions.

    In2008,concludinghisinterviewwithBeard,Lonerganstatedthatfindingawaytoworkingallerieswasthenanactiveproject.RightnowImscheminghowtotaketheemphasisoffoftheInternetandtechnology,butkeepmyideasintact,hereported.Objectsthatarentobjects...Igotacoupleofbooksandatshirtintheworks.RightnowImreallyintotext(notvisually/typography...just...text...),andlotsandlotsoflists...InternetAwareArt.:)Thislastphrase,too,becameafocusofdebateonline,seemingatfirsttopointtoanewphenomenonofformerlyInternetbasedartistsenteringthecommercialgallerysystem.ButmuchoftheargumentwasoverwhatpreciselyLonerganmighthavemeantbyhiscrypticstatement.IntheirroundupofRhizomehighlightsfrom2008,artistJohnMichaelBolingandcuratorsCeciMossandCaitlinJonesdefinedInternetAwareArtasanattempttodescribethetendencyforartiststotranslatebehavioralorsituationaltendenciesoccurringonlinetoothercontexts,particularlyoffline,notingthatthetermhadalreadygainedsomesignificanceindescribingtheapproachofotherartists,aclaimthatcameunderfireinensuingcomments.Lonergan,forhispart,clarified(somewhat)themeaningofInternetAwareArtinhis2009lecture,saying,IvesortofdefineditasrelatedtotheseideasofthebigdatabasethatIwastryingtotalkabout.AndjustbeingawarethatevenifyourenotmakingInternetart,thatyourartisgoingontheInternet,probably.Andsomehowanyattempttobeawareofthatwillchangeyourwork,thinkingaboutthatInternetcontext.

    DisagreementssuchastheseoverInternetAwareArtpresageddiscussionsoverthesimilarlyslipperymonikerpostInternet.ButLonergans2009elaborationonhisownpreviousstatementpointstoamorepreciseissue,whichremainscontentious.JustascinematographershavelongframedtheircompositionswithbothbigandsmallscreensinmindknowingthatTVs,computermonitors,smartphones,andthelikearewheremostwillseetheirimagesso,too,Lonerganargued,havegalleryartistssubtlyshiftedtheirownpractices,consciouslyorotherwise,totakeintoaccountanInternetenabledaudience.Certainly,fewartiststodaycanbeoblivioustothefactthatmorepeoplewillviewreproductionsoftheirworkonlinethantheoriginalsinperson,butdoesthisknowledgesignificantlychangethewaysuchworkisconceived,fabricated,andexhibited?ThatsuchaclaimcontinuestobecontroversialisreflectedinthemixedreceptiontoarthistorianMichaelSanchezsessay2011:ArtandTransmission(publishedinthismagazinessummer2013issue),inwhichSanchezarguedthattheincreasedavailabilityofhighresolutionimagesofnewart,viewableontheiPhoneIPSdisplayandcirculatedviaaggregatorsitessuchasContemporaryArtDaily,haschangedtheinternalrhythmsoftheartworldandcreatednewvectorsofinfluencebetweenartists.

    Inanycase,Lonergansactivity,bothonlineandoff,haspeteredoutinthepasthalfdecade.InourrecentGooglechat,Lonerganchalkedthisuptoshiftsinsocialmedia,whichmadethespecialdynamicofsurfclubsuntenableintheageofmasssharingonTumblrandInstagram,andtohisowndeclininginterestinenteringthegallerysystemfullforce.IngeneralImaveryconfusedpersonandcertainlymuchmoreconfusedaboutNetartnowthanIwasfiveyearsago,Lonergantoldme.Netartsrelationshiptocontemporaryartasawholeandtotheartmarketgetsmoreconfusingeveryday.Itsprettyfascinatingtowatch,though.Itriedforyearstofigureouthowtoprintitout,tomakesomethingsupersalable,butIcouldneverquitefigureitout,andIdontthinkIeverwill.

    Theageofmammals.comslistsindicatethatLonerganhasmadepubliconlyahandfulofprojectssince2009,andnothingpast2012.ButhehasletonepiecetrickleoutthroughhisTwitteraccount.OnApril2,2014,hetweetedalinktoahiddenpageonhissite,wherehehadcreatedanasciidiagramtranscribingtheintroductoryrifftothejinglefortheHBOGOstreamingserviceasatablatureforguitar.Twomonthslater,hetweetedthefollowingmessage,whichcurrentlyremainsthemostrecenttweetfromhisaccount.Itreads:update:myhbogotabhasbeenacceptedintoultimateguitar.comspreeminenttabdatabase.ItsasifLonerganhasdissolvedbackintothefluxofonlinemediafromwhichheemerged,nowjustanotherInternetuseramongbillions.

    EdHalter,afounderanddirectorofLightIndustryinNewYork,teachesatBardCollegeinAnnandaleon

    Hudson,NY.

    TwoscreencapturesfromGuthrieLonergansMyspaceIntroPlaylist,2006,twentythreedigitalvideos,color,sound,cumulativerunningtime13minutes36seconds.

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