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INQAAHE CONFERENCE, 2009. New Approaches To Quality Assurance In The Changing World Of Higher Education. WS Wong, Executive Director, Joint Quality Review Committee, Hong Kong. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INQAAHE CONFERENCE, 2009
New Approaches To Quality Assurance In The Changing World Of Higher Education
WS Wong, Executive Director,
Joint Quality Review Committee,
Hong Kong
1
Different approaches to QA in Hong Kong, Mainland China & Taiwan, China: Background, impact, and reaction from the sector
2
Quality Assurance of Higher Education in Hong Kong, China Mainland ChinaTaiwan, China
3
Audit vs. Accreditation
4
External Quality Assurance
Audit vs. accreditation Self accrediting institution vs. non-self-
accrediting institution Binary system Criteria of Review/ accreditation Rise of Private Post Secondary
education Use of Institutional information as a
quality assurance tool
5
Two major types of External Quality Assurance
Usually leads to outcome of approval / non-approval, or yes / no decision
Conducted on institution and/or programme
Conducted at all types of institutions
6
Usually does not lead to an approval/ non-approval decision (may result in recommendations and/or ranking )
More often conducted on institution basis
More often conducted at self accrediting institutions
Accreditation Audit / Review
Binary System
7
Self Accreditation vs. Non Self Accreditation
The concept applies to some systems U.K. (former CNAA) Hong Kong
Self accreditation Institutions judged to be mature in internal
quality assurance Not required to undergo external accreditation
Non self accreditation Institutions / programme required to undergo
external accreditation Usually new institutions
8
Accreditation or Audit
9
UKNon-Self-accrediting institutions
Self-accrediting institutions
AustraliaSelf-accrediting institutions Non –self-accrediting inst. –
Hong KongNon-self-accrediting institutions Self-accrediting institutions
- former CNAA conducted accreditation- QAAHE conducts Institutional
audit
- audited by AUQA- accredited by local accreditingbodies
- accredited by HKCAAVQ- audit by UGC- review by JQRC
Accreditation U.S. --Accreditation (institution-based) by
regional accrediting bodies -- Professional accreditation – by
professional bodies
Mainland China – institution-based accreditation
( 普通高等學校本科教學工作水平評估 )
Taiwan – department-based accreditation(系所評鑑 ) 10
Outcome of Audit /Accreditation
Accreditation US – institution based accreditation– outcomes range from
“reaffirm accreditation”, to “warning”, to “probation”, or “terminate accreditation”
Mainland China – outcomes of Excellent, Good, Pass, Fail Taiwan – outcomes of Pass, Under Observation, or Fail ( 通過 , 待觀察 , 未通過 ) HK – HKCAAVQ – approval, conditional approval, non-
approval
Audit/ review U.K. – subject reviews – graded profile of 1 to 4 - academic audit - “degree of confidence” Australia – AUQA – commendation, affirmation,
recommendations H.K. -- UGC – QAC audits – commendations & recommendations -- JQRC – recommendations, good practices ( IR )
11
12
External QA in Hong Kong
UGC-funded institutions (Self-accrediting)
QAC:Conducts audit at degree level
JQRC:Conducts reviews at self-financed sub-degree level
Private and other institutions (non-self accrediting) except OUHK
HKCAAVQ:•Conducts accreditation: validation / revalidation
•Programme-area accreditation•periodic review
Outcome of Accreditation / Review
Hong Kong Accreditation:•Approved / Not approved
Audit (by OAC)•Commendations /recommendationsReview (by JQRC)•Recommendations/Good Practices
Mainland China Accreditation:•Excellent, Good•Pass, Fail
Taiwan Accreditation:Pass, Under Observation, Fail
13
Methodology of External Quality Assurance in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan, China
3 – stage review process Self evaluation / report by SSPU Peer review and site visit Written report
This methodology is commonly used in reviews/ accreditation around the world
14
Criteria and Standards of Accreditation / Review
15
Audits/ Reviews – with a focus on Process UGC – QAC Quality Audit “An audit of an institution’s Fitness for
Purpose in teaching and learning. The audit examines whether an institution has procedures in place appropriate for its stated purpose, whether it pursues activities and applies resources to achieve those purposes”
Sampling of programmes – “ to seek evidence that ….quality assurance processes are in fact being implemented..” 16
Review Criteria: areas of focus
Areas of Focus eg. UGC QAC Audits :11 areas of focus
Articulation of appropriate objectives Management, planning and accountability Programme development & approval process Programme monitoring and review Curriculum design Programme delivery, resources, teaching
mode Experiential and other….learning Assessment ……………etc.
17
Purpose of JQRC Institutional Review
“The purpose of IR is to provide for a peer review of the institutional structures and processes adopted for ensuring the quality of Self-financed Sub-degree programmes, including structures and processes for ensuring the appropriate institutional support and environment.”
18
JQRC Reviews include both focus on Process & Standards
As an audit of quality assurance
processes ---focused on Processes As a review of Standards – eg. QF levels, common descriptors of AD/HD, other input/outcome indicators
19
Review Criteria
Qualitative type
Quantitative type
20
JQRC Institutional Review Review Criteria
Issues Considered in Institutional Review - Institutional Plans & Policies - Approval authority & governance - Programme approval, delivery and monitoring
- Institutional Support for Quality - Indicators of Quality/ Quality Assurance
21
Example of Accreditation Criteria (Mainland China)quantitative type
具有高級職務教師占專任教師的比例 (%) percentage of senior staff
生均佔地面積 ( ㎡ / 生 ) area per student 生均宿舍面積 ( ㎡ / 生 ) hostel area per student 百名學生配教學用計算機台數 ratio of computer :
students 百名學生配多媒體教室和語音實驗室座位數 ( 個 ) 新增教學科研儀器設備所占比例 (%) percentage of new
equipment 生均年進書量 ( 冊 ) no. of new books per student
(Mainland China: criteria for Qualifying Assessment)
22
1. 辦學指導思想 Mission 2. 師資隊伍 Staff establishment 3. 教學條件與利用 Resources 4. 專業建設與改革 Subject disciplines 5. 教學管理 Management of teaching 6. 學風 Academic culture 7. 教學效果 Outcome of teaching 特色項目 Outstanding characteristics(Mainland China : Criteria for accreditation of higher education
institutions)
Example of Accreditation Criteria(Mainland China)
quantitative & qualitative
23
Rise of Private (Self-financed) Post Secondary Education
24
25
External QA in Hong KongUGC-funded institutions (Self-accrediting)
QAC:Conducts audit at degree level
JQRC:Conducts reviews at self-financed sub-degree level
Self-financed sub-degree: as self accrediting institutions•Entitled to financial support•Entitled to QF
Private and other institutions (non-self accrediting) except OUHK
HKCAAVQ:•Conducts accreditation: validation / revalidation
•Progress-areas accreditation•periodic review
Self-financed sub-degree: voluntary accreditation•For the QF•For finanical support
Private Post Secondary Education
Issue of competition – student fees main source of income
Complaints of inequity – binary system Concerns of community about standards Setting up a Qualifications Framework Sensitivity about outcome of E.O.A. Additional quality assurance measures
26
Qualifications Framework (QF) in Hong Kong
A unified system of qualifications for different types and levels of study purposes
Consists of 7 levels eg. Degrees at level 5
Covers both degrees and sub-degrees and vocational qualifications
Upload onto QF is voluntary
27
Additional Q.A. measures for SFSD in Hong Kong
Annual Return – release of admission information
Institutional and Programme information on website www.ipass.gov.hk
28
Information Portal for Accredited Self-financing Post-secondary Programmes (IPASS)
29
Information Portal for Accredited Self-financing Post-secondary Programmes (IPASS)
30
Information Portal for Accredited Self-financing Post-secondary Programmes (IPASS)
31
Thank You
Joint Quality Review Committee Hong Kong 32