Innovative Ways To Make Cost Effective LANs for K-12 Schools Mike Lynch Telecommunications Industry Association Fiber Optics LAN Section

Innovative Ways To Make Cost Effective LANs

for K-12 Schools

Mike Lynch

Telecommunications Industry Association

Fiber Optics LAN Section

2

TIA Fiber Optics LAN Section

Background and Mission

Formed in 1993 as part of TIA’s Fiber Optics Division

Members include: ADC, Berk-Tek, CommScope, Corning,

Fluke Networks, Leviton Voice & Data, OFS, Optek

Technology, Ortronics, Panduit, Sumitomo Electric

Lightwave, Transmission Networks, Tyco/AMP Electronics

Mission: To create a resource where people can learn about

the technical advantages and affordability that optical

transmission brings to customer-owned networks

3

Expanded FocusResult of Target Audience & Member Input

• Fiber-based LANs• Storage area networks• Data centers• Market-specific applications

Industrial Education Government

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TIA Fiber Optics LAN SectionMany Resources Available

Web site Trade press articles White papers Press releases Editor briefings Stimulate complementary

standards development Interoperability

demonstrations

Presentations at industry conferences

Enterprise fiber case histories Equipment directories Web conferences

www.fols.org

Innovative Ways To Make Cost Effective LANs

for K-12 Schools

Mike Lynch

Telecommunications Industry Association

Fiber Optics LAN Section

6

Outline – Agenda

• FOLS Background• The New Fiber - Characteristics• Basic Network Designs

Applying designs to K-12 Schools Examples of net designs – Labs, Classrooms, Administration Applying Products to Designs

• FOLS Cost model Review of Assumptions Review model format Interactive cost modeling

• Summary - Next Steps

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Fiber Misconceptions “Not Your Father’s Fiber”

• Perception: Copper cable is smaller than fiber cable

• Fact: Fiber is 15% smaller

Size • Perception: Copper weighs less

than fiber• Fact: Fiber components are

heavier, but fiber cable is lighter

Weight

• Perception: Copper is more fire-resistant

• Fact: Fiber is plenum-rated, compatible with infrastructure

Rating

• Perception: Fiber is fragile• Fact: Fiber is 4+ times

stronger than copper

Strength

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Fiber’s New Characteristics

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A Multi-design K-12 Network

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A Distributed NetworkCopper and Fiber

In a conventional distributed structured cabling design, the backbone cable is optical fiber. The horizontal segment of the network typically consists of twisted-pair copper cable or optical fiber cable (depending on distance).

Backbone cables in an inter-building network travel from a main cross-connect (distributor) to one or more horizontal cross-connects within a telecommunication room, which includes active electronics equipment such as hubs, concentrators or switches. These would easily support a school administration network.

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A Centralized NetworkAll Fiber

Optical fiber’s bandwidth and ability to carry data over long distances is best utilized in centralized networks.

Centralized networks have more unblocked bandwidth than distributed networks and therefore are better suited to support combined voice, video and data traffic requiring quality of service implementation.

Optical fiber eliminates intermediate closets, thus simplifying network layout and reducing overall system cost. Classrooms are a good example of one of the places a centralized network could be implemented.

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Zone Cabling Architecture

Moves, adds or changes in an open-office environment can be accommodated quickly and efficiently through consolidation points by combining permanent feeder cabling with pre-terminated plug-and-play extender cables associated with the work area.

Zone cabling is a relatively new term for a concept being used in many schools today. One good example of where it could be used is in a computer lab.

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Standard Architectures Drive Lower Costs

• TIA-568 - in 1991• Centralized Cabling• Consolidation Points• Telecommunications Enclosures

Commonly know with “zone” cabling

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Zone, Tiny TR, Telecom Enclosure Update

• TR42.3 has drafted Telecom Enclosure (official name) Has finished final default ballot. Will be part of the ANSI/TIA-569-B Standard

TR42.1 has drafted a TE cabling implementation document Final default ballot complete - Will become an addendum for TIA 568-B.1

• Ballot Resolution Completed in February. • Final document integration this Summer.

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Traditional Design

HC in the TR

CubiclesOffices

= Telecommunications Outlet/Connector= Building Pathways

and Spaces= Horizontal Cross-

Connect= Telecommunications

Room

LEGEND:

TR

= Fiber Backbone Cable= Horizontal Cable

Optical Fiber Backbone

HC

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Zone Cabling with a Telecomm Enclosure

HC in the TR

CubiclesOffices

Optical Fiber Backbone

= Telecommunications Outlet/Connector= Telecomm Enclosure

with a switch= Building Pathways

and Spaces= Horizontal Cross-

Connect= Telecommunications

Room

LEGEND:

TR

= Fiber Backbone Cable= Horizontal Cable

HC

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School’s “Secret Weapon”

• Small inexpensive switch in every class• Managed or un-managed• Covered or accessible• Really used as a media converter

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Details Of A Multi-design K-12 Network

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Transition points vs.

consolidation points

Used in Computer Labs

Zone Cabling

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Zone Distribution

Labs or Classrooms

Patch panels Patch cordsConnectorsCablesExtreme switches

Mini-SwitchCopper Cable

Fiber Cable

Patch PanelsPatch CordsConnectors

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For Classrooms


Centralized or Zone Designs

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Distributed Network


For Admin

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Details Of A Zone K-12 Network

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Volition Network Solutions™

Fiber to the Classroom

2

1

3

CONSOLE

PCMCIA

MGMT

LINK

ACTIVITY DIAG A PSUSTATUS B PSU

1000 BASE-X

4321

GREENAMBER

FLASHING ORANGE

- ACTIVITY- LINK OK

- DISABLED

G M -4X i

45112

STATUS 1 2 3 4

STATUS

GREEN - LINK OK

100 BASE-FX

AMBER - ACTIVITY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

FM -24F i

45211

STATUS

GREEN - LINK OK

100 BASE-FX

AMBER - ACTIVITY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

FM -24F i

45211

Specifications:

(4) 1000BaseSX Uplinks(48) 100BaseFX Uplinks

(240) 10/100BaseTX Low Usage Ports(18) 10/100BaseTX High Usage Ports(24) 10/100BaseTX High Usage Lab

Ports

(18) Standalone Computers(30) Classrooms(1) Computer Lab

Alpine 3804 Chassis

Alpine 3800 4-Port GBIC ModuleAlpine 3800 24-port 100BaseFX ModuleAlpine 3800 24-port 100BaseFX Module

Centralized Main Closet

Typical Low Demand Classroom Typical Standalone ComputerTypical High Demand Lab

VOL-1081 Mini Switch

3M L2 Switcheswith Gigabit Uplink

100BaseFX Fiber Link

100BaseFX Fiber Link1000BaseSX Fiber Links

Workstation

Fiber NIC orMedia Converter

3804

DIAG

STATUS

A

B

PSU CONSOLE M ODEM M GM T

PCM CIALINK\ACTIVE

SM M i

45014

45015

1

2

3

4

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

AMBER = ACTIVITYGREEN = LINK OKFLASHING GREEN = DISABLED

STATUS

FM-24T i45213

1-12 12-24

GREEN

AMBER

FLASHING GREEN

- ACTIVITY

- LINK OK

- DISABLED

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

10/100 BASE-T XMDI-X

4

20

1

17

8

24

5

21

12

28

9

25

16

32

13

29

FM -32T i

45210

ST AT US

GREEN

AMBER

FLASHING GREEN

- ACTIVITY

- LINK OK

- DISABLED

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

10/100 BASE-T XMDI-X

4

20

1

17

8

24

5

21

12

28

9

25

16

32

13

29

FM -32T i

45210

ST AT US

1 0 0 0 B A S E -X

4321

G R E E N

A M B E R

F LAS H ING OR ANG E

- ACT IV I T Y

- LIN K OK

- D IS AB LE D

GM-4Xi

45112

S T AT US 1 2 3 4

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Testimonials on FOLS.org

• Education (K-12) Guilford County School System, Greensboro, N.C. Richardson Independent School District, Richardson, TX Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, Nashville, TN Fowlerville Junior High School, Fowlerville, Michigan Mother Teresa Catholic Secondary School, Ontario New York Public School 199, New York, New York

How Much Savings Can Design Changes Create?

FOLS Proprietary Cost Model developed by FOLS and Pearson

Technologies

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Cost Model Background & History

• Aug 2000 – Tolly Group white paper “Migrating to Fiber – The Case for Centralized Cabling” Paper need more robust “interactive” backup model

• 2001 – First version of Fiber Optic LAN Section (FOLS) cost model Focused on SFF connectors, and media converters Implemented conclusions of Tolly study with “real world” scenarios.

• April/May 2003 – Version 2 of cost model developed Updated new lower cost fiber and copper switches and other products Doubled the number of scenarios

• Added very low cost and Zone configurations

• Jan 2004 - Simplified Data Entry Developed

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Distributed vs. Centralized vs. Zone

• Distributed Accommodates the 100-meter limit of UTP copper cable. Necessitates media conversion in the telecommunications room. Typically, consists of high-speed uplinks

• Centralized Not bound by copper’s 100-meter limitation, nor do they require

media conversion from one physical medium to the other.

• Zone Combines the best of Centralized and Distributed Small telecommunications enclosures Use fiber for distance and bandwidth Copper for short distance final connections

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Cost Model AssumptionsTIA FOLS Fiber-Copper Cost Models

• Hierarchical star UTP vs. centralized fiber• Building “model”

8 story, 48 ports/floor Costs calculated on “per port” basis Port utilization

• Copper: 70%• Fiber: 90%

• Fiber used in riser subsystem (both models)• Horizontal subsystem

UTP: Cat 5e or Cat6 UTP (depending on model) Fiber: 62.5 or 50 µm multimode fiber

• Telecommunications room Copper TR: $20,000 Fiber TR: $4,500

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Cost Model Assumptions

• Twenty-one page document details all parts of the model• Updated as the cost model modifications are made.

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Cost Model Assumptions (cont.)Scenario 3: K-12

This scenario was developed in response to the growing need of K-12 schools toupgrade their networks to support higher bandwidth applications. The K-12 scenario includes afactor for maintenance labor that is not included in the other scenarios. This labor cost would berequired if TRs are installed within 100 m of the node. Such rooms would require a technician orengineer on staff for troubleshooting and maintenance. This labor factor results in additionalsavings since school administrators are unable to hire a technician for such maintenance. In themodel we have conservatively estimated 1 hour/week of maintenance time per TR.

UTP: The UTP model is the same model as in Scenario 1: the Cisco 3550 switch in theTRs at list price. This switch is linked via fiber to a GBE switch in the MC.

FTTD: The fiber model uses a UTP patch cord to an 8-port mini switch. This switch has afiber link to a fiber switch in a CDF.

For budget-conscious school districts, using fiber can help them achieve significantsavings. Compared to an UTP-fiber network, FTTD reduces the cost by $521.24/ node or by$200,160 for the complete network.

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Cost Model Assumptions (cont.)

Scenario 4: Fiber-to-the-ZoneWith one exception, the fiber-to-the-zone (FTTZ) scenario is identical to that in Scenario

3. The exception is the maintenance cost, which is excluded in this scenario to make it consistentwith all other scenarios (with the exception of Scenario 3, because that is how schools evaluateFTTZ). This scenario is based on eight nodes connected by UTP to a locally installed switch. Theswitch is located in a typical office environment and does not need environmental control. Theswitch has a 100 Mb/s fiber uplink to a MC, which contains a main fiber switch. If multiple mainswitches are needed, they would be linked via GBE over UTP, the best possible use of UTP!

FTTZ demonstrates a very cost effective way to bring the bandwidth capabilities of fibercloser to the user. Compared to an UTP-fiber network, fiber-to-the-zone saves users $443.13/portor $170,160 for the network.

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Cost Model – Interactive

Microsoft Excel Worksheet

Cost model available at www.fols.org

http://www.fols.org/

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Total loaded labor rate, $/hour 60UTP switch port utilization 70%

number of ports in switch in wiring closet 48 K-12 Scenario -- NEW fiber switch port utilization 90% Prices from 6/2003number of wings 8closet cost, @$/sq.ft= 150$

material materials labor

LOCATION UTP PLUS FIBER NETWORK cost, $ per node per node man-hrs

desktop UTP NIC 42.00 3Com managed 10/100 NICUTP jumper to wall plate 9.00wall plate 2.29jack 5.00 9.60 0.16horizontal UTP cable 45.00 Data Warehouse

telecom patch panel in closet 5.00 0.20 0.16room jack in patch panel 5.00 9.60 0.16

UTP jumper to switch 5.59 5.00 0.08switch; Cisco 3550 2995 89.14conversion to fiber in hub; 1000Base SX 288 6.00 0.00 Data Warehouserack 100 2.08 0.63 0.50

A cost/port 216.10 25.03

fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 6.40 0.00 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16jack 0.002 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogvertical riser fiber cable 14.13 FIS 2003 catalog 24f/riser

sub total 37.89 19.60B cost/port 0.79 0.41

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telecom power and lighting. 5 years @ $1.50/sq ft/yr 450.00room UPS 1000.00 30.00 0.50

support technician support 3750.00 30000$/yr*5years*2.50 %/closettemperature control 10000.00closet cost, 6x10 9000.00

sub total 24200.00 30.00C cost/port 504.17 0.63

MC duplex barrel in patch panel 0.00 2.50 0.042 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 11.60 0.00 FIS2003catalogfiber switch, GBE, 8 port; data warehouse 1,099$ 137.38 16 port netgear GBE switchGBIC GBE module 240$ 240.00 estimate ext media conversion UPSgrounding

sub total 406.34 22.10D cost/port 8.47 0.46

SUB TOTALSA desktop to wiring closet 216.10 25.03B fiber in and to wiring closet 0.79 0.41C support costs 504.17 0.63D MC 8.47 0.46

GRAND TOTAL PER PORT 729.52 26.52756.04

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number of ports in switch in wiring closet 48 K-12 Scenario -- NEW fiber switch port utilization 90% Prices from 6/2003number of wings 8closet cost, @$/sq.ft= 150$






A cost/port 216.10 25.03



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number of ports in switch in wiring closet 96 K-12 Scenario -- NEW fiber switch port utilization 90% Prices from 6/2003number of wings 1closet cost, @$/sq.ft= -$






A cost/port 125.49 24.61



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50








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ampI duplex jack in patch panel 0.83 10.00 0.17 FIS, p. 72 2003 catalogfiber patch panel 1.28 10.00 0.17 FIS, p. 72 2003 catalogfiber jumper from switch to patch panel 1.58 FIS, p. 72 2003 catalogswitch; 48 port VOL-5000NA 26.89 9292 80 % list pricegigabit uplink to other switches included in cell L44UPSgrounding


SUB TOTALSA desktop to wiring closet 54.38 35.00B fiber in and to wiring closet 1.05 0.00C support costs 0.00D MC 30.57 20.00

86.00 55.01GRAND TOTAL PER PORT 141.01

FTTD $-UTP $= -89.07 $/port Fiber is the lowest cost solution.-8551 $, total Users save $89.07/port

If additional costs of closets on each floor = this value: -8551then the two networks have the same cost

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SummaryHow Fiber Can Save Money In K-12 Schools

• Use Zone architecture concepts– Decrease the number of wiring closets– Cover long run distances to classrooms over 100m away– Enable network managers to use inexpensive switches as media

converters– Easier to manage– High bandwidth applications or for use supporting PC labs.

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Documents

Innovative Ways To Make Cost Effective LANs for K-12 Schools Mike Lynch Telecommunications Industry Association Fiber Optics LAN Section