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FIDIC Davos Conference 2011 Seminar 7 Innovation TF (Report from ITF) Pande Michael Mabonga Innovation ‘Expressed needs’ from Africa Wednesday, 05 October 2011, 10.45 – 12.15

Innovation ‘Expressed needs’ from Africa · Innovation ‘Expressed needs’ from Africa. Wednesday, 05 October 2011, 10.45 – 12.15. FIDIC Davos Conference 2011. Innovation:

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Page 1: Innovation ‘Expressed needs’ from Africa · Innovation ‘Expressed needs’ from Africa. Wednesday, 05 October 2011, 10.45 – 12.15. FIDIC Davos Conference 2011. Innovation:

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2011 Seminar 7

Innovation TF (Report from ITF)

Pande Michael Mabonga

Innovation ‘Expressed needs’ from Africa

Wednesday, 05 October 2011, 10.45 – 12.15

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2011 Innovation:

Its significance to the Consulting Engineering

Profession (CEP) in anticipating local and 

global changes through immediate action 

‘Expressed needs’ from Africa

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Pande Michael Mabonga

Civil Engineer

MBW Consulting Ltd

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The FIDIC 2011 theme is “Local resources – global perspectives”

FIDIC, i.e., the Consulting Engineering Industry exists to sell (and or by literally selling) knowledge.

Therefore, in, or for a Knowledge‐based industry (KBI) such Consulting Engineering Industry (CEI), resources <═> its ‘knowledge generators/ creators’ <═> the people (and precisely, the engineers!)

The FIDIC 2011 theme could actually (have) be(en)

‘Local engineers – global perspectives’

This presentation therefore is in the context of the above.

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2011 Local and global changes

Increasingly, knowledge‐based firms (e.g CEF/P) are experiencing the

need for innovation as competitive markets at the national (local) and

global level increasingly demand enhanced services (and or products).

The CEF/Ps therefore cannot remain the traditional ‘trusted advisors’

but must also be contemporarily relevant to society's (very) existence. 

This presents a twin demand on the CEP/Fs to innovate for both their

own competitive advantage and societal transformation.

From the above, the greatest challenge to the success of a CEP/F, is

in maintaining the ability to innovate and continually set  the industry

standards (or at least meet the changing societal demands).  

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…organizational innovation  

Organizational innovation – viewed as the functional systems and processes

utilized by organizations to upgrade their existing services, (products), and 

processes, along with the creation and introduction of new services, 

(products), and processes – is very critical in what has become highly 

demanding and competitive environment.

Innovation for (CEF’s) competitive advantage 

1. Organizational – (processes & as a business entity)

2. In deliverables to clients – (services, projects or products)

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What is common (to both organizational or deliverables innovation) however is that,

for any (meaningful) innovation to occur there must be new

knowledge (or sometimes information harnessed via experiences)

and new knowledge cannot be created by anything else but people –

the human resource

…deliverables’ innovation  

Deliverables’ innovation – the creation and subsequent introduction of a good or 

service that is either new or improved on the previous goods or services of its kind – is 

equally critical in the demanding and competitive environment. 

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For long, actually throughout history, African economies have 

been Resource‐based and not/never Knowledge‐based (wherein the 

production and dissemination of knowledge leads to economic benefit 

and enriches all fields of human endeavor).

…What of in Africa? 

Similarly, the imaginarily infinite natural resources have been, and actually still are, viewed by many a policy maker in these economies as being the more vital of the resources for their economic growth and social development than the human capital.

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Consequently, it is not uncommon for policy makers in these economies to focus all their development expectation on these nonrenewable resources at the expense of human capital development. 

One may argue therefore that, the ‘many natural resources’ have been 

(or are) a hindrance to innovation in many African nations  as they

blind these nations from recognizing/ appreciating the importance

of knowledge‐based industry as a (if not the) key driver of the 

contemporary economies.

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(cf the Dutch disease, negative consequences arising from large increases in a country's income. Dutch disease 

is primarily associated with a natural resource discovery, but it can result from any large increase in foreign

currency, including foreign direct investment, foreign aid or a substantial increase in natural resource prices)

(In this case, the ‘African’ Dutch disease has two main effects:

1. A decrease in new knowledge creation by locals, and hence theinnovativeness, of the affected country's human resource 

2. High reliance on foreign human resource 

In the long run, both these factors can contribute to local skills flight toknowledge‐based economies. The end result is that the knowledge‐basedindustry including the CEP is hurt by the intemperate focus on the resource‐based industries.

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Therefore unless and until African nations recognize that actually their broad socioeconomic mandates particularly the necessity for accelerated and sustainable economic growth (will now) have to be founded on their human capital, innovation will never receive primacy their short term and strategic plans. 

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Notwithstanding the (policy makers perspective) above, in most of Africa/

LDCs, innovation (particularly, organizational) is actually high except

that it is not documented and or not systematic but largely informal and

sometimes ad hoc (or makeshift, if you like).

The same informality occurs in the area of knowledge management – an

area that should (be) form(ing) the backbone of innovation. Whereas

substantial knowledge is created, (albeit more as coping mechanism

than as exploratory venture), little, if any, of the created knowledge is (or

has been) methodically filtered, configured, shared/disseminated and

applied reproducibly.

…What of Africa’s CEF/Ps? 

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Acquisition : Knowledge is acquired through knowledge creation and content development through the distillation of 

experiences and lessons learned from client engagement projects, by collecting, synthesizing and interpreting a variety 

of information (Holsapple & Joshi, 2002).

Filter: Not all knowledge available is useful as not all can be relevant to the business ventures at hand and it is 

not created equal (Lubit, 2001). Therefore knowledge has to be filtered so that only that knowledge useful and 

applicable to achieve reality‐based results is retained (Gupta & McDaniel, 2002). Knowledge is usually customized to 

meet the needs of a particular project.

Configuration: When knowledge available to the company has been thoroughly examined for its strategic and 

pragmatic usefulness, mechanisms must be developed for organizing and storing this knowledge (Gupta & McDaniel, 

2002). A formal structure for configuring knowledge can be provided by database management and data warehousing.

Dissemination: Knowledge dissemination may mean knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer although the 

two terms may be used interchangeably. Knowledge sharing process enables the flow of knowledge among and 

between individuals, groups and organizations (Egbu et al; 2005; Hoon, 2003), whereby one unit is affected by the 

experience of another.

Application: A KM strategy should consciously help people to share and put knowledge into action by creating access, 

context, infrastructure, at the same time shortening learning cycles (Massey & Montoya‐Weiss, 2003). In order for 

knowledge to have value, it must be applied within a specific business context to create value.

Knowledge management

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Typically, there are no (harmonized) databases (at Company, Member Association and National levels) – for new applied knowledge and or available skills (both in quantity and quality terms). 

Thus,  without ducking their responsibility, the failure to systematize knowledge management and hence innovation by CEF in Africa can be attributed to, among others, the lack of continuity through properly managed leadership succession in the consulting engineering firms. Few CEFs, (especially outside South Africa) have outlived their founding partners/directors. Thus no cross‐generational skills transfer.

This implies that (more often than not) vital knowledge that could/should have spurred innovation is lost. (Uganda e.g has an engineer in whose memory; UIPE holds yearly lectures 

yet in about only 10 years after he passed on, the CEF he founded was no more).

…What of Africa’s CEF/Ps? 

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Without systematization of knowledge management therefore, Africa (i.e, the CEP/Fs) shall continue to lose lots of valuable opportunities for growth (of their CEI) that would come via commercial innovations accruing out of synergetic contributions of the rather strewn knowledge creators. 

MAs should (or can) play the central role of creating databases of all skills and competences within their membership and of systemizing new knowledge since (or if) many of the (mostly petite sized) CEFs are focused on their own survival innovations.  

…What of Africa’s CEF/Ps? 

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By this, opportunities for Africa (ie the CEFs) to commercialize their innovations will begin to emerge and or become viable. 

With commercialization of their innovations, the ability of individual CE firms to afford skills development for their staff will be enabled and or enhancedand so that sooner than latter an adequate pool (in both quantitative and qualitative sense) of knowledge‐workers capable of building global competitive economies shall be enabled and sustained. 

…What of Africa’s CEF/Ps? 

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1. Conditionality on funds given

2. Supply driven projects 

3. Supply driven training/skills development

4. Grafted (and thus oftentimes inapplicable) innovation 

…What about the ‘Development partners’ of Africa? 

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2011 So what are the expressed needs

As a result of failure to be recognized/ appreciated by the policy makers, who also happen to be (or to represent) the primary employers in the African economies, the knowledge‐based professionals are (or have become) oblivious of the innovations that have sustained them in the circumstances (and actually made many to expand their frontiers). Some are instead preoccupied with the thinking that innovation is only via research in science and discovery or creation of technologies. This is half the story!

Innovation in products/services provided VS innovation in running the CE business. (cf. deliverable & organization innovation).  

1. To understand what innovation is

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According to World Bank Institute – WBI, innovation should be understood broadly as something new to a local context and encompasses not only “technological” innovation, (i.e. the diffusion of new products and services of a technological nature into the economy), but equally includes non‐technological forms of innovation such as “organization” innovations that encompasses new approaches to management and marketing, supply and logistics, communications and positioning, et cetera. The innovation system in any country thus consists of the institutions, rules, and procedures that affect how it acquires, creates, disseminates, and applies knowledge.

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2. To correct the ‘mythcenception’ by major financiers

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3. Skills development and or enhancement (Injection of fecundity into the renewable resource) 

a). Through training: 

(Quantitative and qualitative skills development) FIDIC training of trainers from among the local persons/professionals to build/capacitate local resource for global challenges

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b) Through being let to make a few/some errors:

Voltaire (1764) said; "Le mieux est l'ennemi du bien.“ literally translated "The best is the enemy of good.", but more commonly cited as “the perfect is the enemy of the good”

Thus Africa, i.e CEP/F, “should not let perfection stand in the way of necessity”. And whereas this is not justification for mediocrity or shoddiness, some practical errors will have to be accommodated in the interim. Africa should be run by Africans notwithstanding the problems!

Elsewhere, Admiral Grace Hopper said, “ If it’s good idea, go ahead and do it. It is much easier to apologize than it is to get permission”. In highly (and in the case of Uganda, completely) liberalized economies, it is mainly the daring that progress.  Applicable to PPDA!

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4. Synergize all skills To cooperate with another or others to remedy the situation – to act together to increase activity  

All skills including the currently strewn ones and those that shall arise out of No. 3 above should be systematized and synergized. (Uganda, Tanzania & Kenya already have MoU to be in sync with the evolution of EAC/PF). (Also under Pro€nvest Kenya, Uganda & Ethiopia all coordinating – I have a problem with nature of training skills and on who determines the training needs. Not demand driven but rather supply driven)  

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5. Commercialization of innovations Formation of critical mass of skilled knowledge‐workers – it is to create a group brand and unified marketing, lobbying and of course clout. 

EAC (& I am sure many other African nations) are struggling to match, (in terms of policy formulation/regulation), the pace of ‘Mobile money’ craze, a revolutionary innovation, by Safaricom of Kenya, that has transformed the financial sector, creating opportunities for more effective money transfers to the poor, and influencing a range of productive activities.

The (MobMon) revolution is so fundamental that even the WB is studying this concept that has deepened financial access (industry) to an estimated 15 million Kenyans from less than 5 million banked Kenyans three years earlier (2008) ‐ something banks had failed to do for over 40 years…. credit/debt cards cannot match the pace. (from Kenya Economic Update December 2010)

Let the innovation be undeniable….. President Amin Dada

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6. Innovation in projects (design & execution)   Innovation in projects is traditionally (and of course erroneously) assumed to be/deemed as/understood as constituent of what engineering works/ assignments should have. Thus innovation is not appreciated.  

7. Policy makers   CEF in Africa should not transfer their very existence to government/ policy makers as this will empower the sometimes ill‐informed and or uninformed position holders to control the CEI. On the contrary, engage. 

Necessity is very fertile ground for innovation. The more hostile the environment is, the more innovative and creative the people will become. Henry Ford said and I quote “The man who will use his skill and constructive imagination to see how much he can give for a dollar, instead of how little he can give for a dollar, is bound to succeed. 

Chasing monkeys out tiresome, chasing for increases motivation

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2011 Recommended strategy

1. Skills development and enhancement for CEPs

2. Engaging major financiers

3. Engaging major local policy makers

References: The ten‐year plan for South Africa, 2010; Tushman and Anderson, 1986).

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Thanks!