Inner pages - Global Research Review NEWbec.besant.edu.in/documents/224/Global_Research_Review_2018-_Final_pdf.pdfmanagement, Social networking, Green marketing, Employability skills

DEPARTMENT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES IN COMMENRCEBESANT EVENING COLLEGE

Sponsored by : WOMEN’S NATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY

Volume 4 2018 ISSN 2250-2521

Journal of Innovative Research

in Commerce and Management

ae rs ce hR Rla eb vo il eG w



(Re-accredited by NAAC with 'B' Grade & Affiliated to Mangalore University)

M. G. Road, Mangaluru - 575 003, Karnataka

Chief Editor : MA, PhDDr. Lakshminarayan Bhat A.,

Principal, Besant Evening College, Mangalore

Editors : BCom., MA, LLB, AIIB, PGDGC, PhDDr. Sreedhara Jois K. S.,

Visiting Faculty, Dept. of P.G. Studies in Commerce

Besant Evening College, Mangalore.

M.Com, M.L.I.Sc, PGDCA, PhDDr. Vasappa Gowda,

Selection Grade Librarian, Besant Evening College, Mangalore.

M.Com, M.L.I.Sc.Prof. Thara S. Shetty,

Assistant Professor, Dept. of P.G. Studies in Commerce


EDITORIAL BOARD

Dr. Vijay Kumar, M.Com, MBA, PGDFM, PhD

Dean (Academic Affairs),

A.J. Institute of Management, Mangalore.

Prof. Sathvika H.Shetty, M.Com, MA (Bharathanatyam)



Mr. Sanjeeva N., MA, M.L.I.Sc, PGDCA

Librarian

Dept. of P.G. Studies in Commerce


Mr. Shreenidhi B. S., M.Com



ADVISORY BOARD

Writing the research paper is a systematic way of presenting the ideas. To develop the

writing skills among the academic community, the educational institutions create various

initiatives through conducting programmes such as workshops, seminars, conferences,

etc. Paper presentation is one among such initiatives which play a significant role in the

students' life especially at Post-Graduation level. In this context Besant Evening College

has initiated to organise seminars for the PG students. “ANVESHAN- Inter-collegiate

PG Students Research Conclave” is an attempt in this direction. The purpose of the

seminar is to create a platform for exchange of ideas in various aspects of social science

discipline. The “ANVESHAN 2018- Inter-collegiate PG Students Research Conclave”

was organized on 23rd February 2018. The seminar has received overwhelming

response.

We are presenting to you our in-house journal; 'Global Research Review- Journal of

Innovative Research in Commerce and Management'- volume 4. Few invited research

papers and selected research articles of “ANVESHAN 2018 have been published in this

issue. The major areas covered in the issue are Digital India Initiatives, E-commerce,

Banking, Finance and insurance, Human resource development, Operation

management, Social networking, Green marketing, Employability skills and

entrepreneurship, Capital market, Goods and Services Tax, Work life management,

Stress management, Knowledge management, Corporate Social Responsibility,.. etc.

We acknowledge the advisory committee for the timely guidance. We thank all the

authors for their efforts to contribute the papers. We are grateful to the readers of this

volume. Please go through it and enrich your knowledge. We welcome your suggestions

for the improvement journal in future.

Happy reading…….

Editorial Committee

EDITORIAL

GLOBAL RESEARCH REVIEW Volume 4 - 2018

i

ISSN 2250-2521

GLOBAL RESEARCH REVIEWJournal of Innovative research in Commerce and Management

Volume 4, 2018

Global Research Review is an Annual Journal of the Department of Post Graduate

Studies in Commerce, Besant Evening College, Mangalore.

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E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.bec.besant.edu.in

Phone: 0824-2491204


ii

ISSN 2250-2521


Volume 4, 2018

Contents

1. A Study on Work-Life Balance of Married Working Women with 1

Special Reference to Karkala Region

Hiranya and Drashya S Rao

2. Youths’ Perception Towards Online Shopping: 11

A Study With Reference To Udupi City

Sandhya G. S. and Vinisha Ancita Vas

3. Work Life Management: A Study of the Actual Scenario of 20

Working Mothers and the Views of Female Students about Work

Silvia Das Merces Joao and Vanessa Iral Rodrigues

4. A Study on Work Life Balance of Self Employed Women 25

Entrepreneurs in Mangalore City

Thara S. Shetty and Sathvika H. Shetty

5. Stakeholders’ Perception of Desirable Employability Soft Skills 33

for Commerce Students – A Study of Dakshina Kannada District

Seema Prabhu S.

6. Impact of GST on Custom Valuation of Cashew Kernals: 41

A Study on Present Scenario

Sagar. S.S and Harshitha. L. R.

7. A study on Effects of Chinese Electronic Products on Indian Market 48

Kripa and Lavina Machado

8. Awareness & Perception of Customers towards Technology 55

Oriented Banking: A Study with Reference to Karnataka Bank App

Bhavya and Pushpalatha B.


iii

9. Effectiveness of Village Wifi- A Programme of Digital India: 61

Study with reference to Belthangady Taluk

Chaithara K and Chaithra

10. A Study on Customer Expectations and Satisfaction Level 69

towards Online Shopping in Karkala Region

Sowmya K and Bhavyashree

11. Recent Trends in Intellectual Property Rights in India 81

Shreenidhi B. S.

12. A Study on the Security of Online Transactions with special 88

reference to Mangalore City

Alphy Devasia and Amrutha M Johnson

13. A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Organized Retail 94

Outlets in Mangalore Region of Karnataka State

Rukhiya Harshida H and Ailinda Marwein

14. Perception of Customers on Privacy Policy in E –Marketing: 98

A Study with reference to Customers of Mangalore Taluk

Lavanya and Chethan

15. Job Stress among Women Employees with Reference to 105

Teaching Profession: An Empirical Study

Thara and Suraksha

16. A Study of Work Life Balance among Married Working Women 112

Pooja Sanil and Pooja Joshi

17. Attitude of Students of Commerce and Management towards 120

Entrepreneurship: A Study of Post-Graduate Students of

Mangalore University

Bhagyashree and Anupama Nayak K

18. A study on green marketing – with special reference to Karkala 126

Pavithra Rai and Deeksha


iv


1

A STUDY ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE OF MARRIED WORKING WOMEN

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KARKALA REGION

HiranyaM.Com

Drashya S. RaoM.Com

Abstract

Work-life balance is one of the most challenging issues being faced by the women

employees in the 21st century. Work-life balance (WLB) is about finding the right balance

between work and life, and about feeling comfortable with both work and family

commitments. Work-life balance is essentially the balance between three components,

namely, paid work, unpaid work and personal time. In the recent time the issue of work-

life balance has gained more concern due to the reason that an individual's work life and

personal life may present contradictory demands, while demand from both the spheres

are equally important. This problem is more prominent amongst female employees. Thus,

achieving work life balance is a necessity for working women to have a good quality of

life. This paper is an attempt to explore the tough challenges faced by working women in

maintaining a balance between their personal and professional life. The various factors

affecting the work-life balance of married working women have been examined in this

study. The tool used for the study is the manual on work–life balance of the Industrial

Society (now the Work Foundation) by Daniels and McCarraher.

Keywords: Work-life balance, quality of life, working women, personal life,

professional life.

Introduction

In the conventional era, the women were considered as home makers and were deprived

of the right or opportunity to go outside home. But now apart from home maker role, they

also have a significant role to engage even outside the home. With the increase in cost of

living on one hand and the improved education and employment opportunities on the

other hand, both husband and wife started working and many families became dual

earners. Over a period of time women accomplished remarkable progress in every walk

of life and made a noteworthy achievement in the respective fields. Education has not

only empowered them but also has given them robust careers. With brain power being the

Manjunath Pai Memorial Government First Grade College of Professional And Business Management and Post Graduate Study Centre,

Karkala, Udupi District.


2

requisite skill in this knowledge era, rather than endurance or physical strength, the

women workers seem to flood into every industry on par with men. But there is no

significant change in performing the role of home maker. With increase in demands at

work place and at home, the work-life balance of women employees is at stake. Working

mothers of today fulfill family responsibilities and also try to remain fully involved in

their careers coping up with the competing demands of their multiple roles. This paper

focuses on the life of married working women of Karkala region in their battle to strike a

balance between work and family life.

Literature Review

Rahul Singal and Parvesh made an attempt to explore the tough challenges faced by

working women in maintaining a balance between their personal and professional life

and showed that most of the female teachers had normal stress in managing their work

life and family life. They also found that the problems faced by the working women in

terms of work-life balance are quite high.

Dr.Kavita Pareek and Shiv Charan Mathur are of the opinion that women of the city

are not fully aware regarding the work- life balance concept and the basic requirement of

it for an effective and efficient working but women do try to follow the concept at their

best. A good number of women feel satisfied for what they are working but do not feel

satisfied by the way they are living their lives.

Shinu Shukla's study shows that work life balance describes the relationship between

the work & commitments in the life & how they impact on one another, the optimum

level of stress i.e. distress indicates the disappointment, inadequacy, defeat &

helplessness which is least in working women whereas Eustress indicates the

achievement, triumph and exhilaration among working women.

K Thriveni Kumari in her study observed that the levels of work life balance of women

employees in selected service sectors are significantly different. Banking sector stands

first in facilitating work-life balance to women employees and health care sector

occupies last position in facilitating work-life balance to women employees.

Objectives

The objectives of the study are:

1. To study the prevalence of work-life balance problem among the married working

women.

2. To study the extent to which various factors like hours worked, work involvement

and family responsibilities affect married working women's work-life balance.


3

3. To study how various factors affecting work-life balance influence the married

working women from business, Academics, Insurance, Postal, Marketing,

Banking, Healthcare and other sectors.

4. To study the work-life balance problems of married working women across their

demographic characteristics such as age group, number of children, spouse's

profession, educational qualification and annual income.

Research Methodology

Description of Sample: The study was conducted among the married working women

of Karkala region. A sample of 50 married working women was selected using

Convenience random sampling. They were from Business, Academic, Insurance,

Postal, Marketing, Banking, Healthcare and Other sectors.

Description of the Tool Used for data collection: The questionnaire was distributed to

the married working women of the various sectors in person. A total of 50 questionnaires

were distributed and duly filled questionnaires were collected giving an overall response

rate of 100 per cent. The questionnaire had 22 items. The major tool was the checklist

(Daniels and McCarraher, 2000) in the manual on work–life balance of The Industrial

Society (now the Work Foundation). It consists of ten significant statements about

work–life balance where the options for answers were either 'agree', 'sometimes',

'disagree' or 'not applicable'; Seven statements on the demographic details of the

respondents namely Age group, Educational Qualification, Annual Income, Number of

Children, Profession of Spouse and Industry/Sector the respondent is working in; Five

general statements with the options 'yes' and 'no'.

Tool for analysis: The questionnaires were aptly coded and uploaded in MS Excel. This

application was used to compute statistical data like Mean, Standard deviation. Besides

Descriptive statistics, percentage analysis and cross tabulation of variables were

prepared using Pivot tables and analysed for outcomes.

Scope

The scope of the study was limited to the married working women of Karkala region

from the Business, Academic, Insurance, Postal, Marketing, Banking, Healthcare and

other sectors regarding the challenges that they face in balancing professional life and

personal life.

Data Analysis and Interpretation

In order to subject the data to statistical testing, the collected data were tabulated with

frequency tables and percentages using MS-Excel.


4

Demographic profile of Respondents: Among 50 married working women, 40% of

respondents belongs to the age group of 31-40, 32% belongs to 41-50, 18% belongs to

above 50 and10% are belongs to below 30 years. 54% of respondents had two children,

30% had one child, 14% had none and 2% had three or more children. In terms of

respondent's Profession, 22% were engaged in Academic sector and 16% each in

Insurance and Marketing 14% in postal, 12% in banking, 8% business, 6% each health

care and others. As regards to educational qualification, 34% of the respondents were

under graduates, 30% were postgraduates. In terms of Spouse's Profession, 21.74% were

engaged in business, 15.22% in the Banking and Postal sector and so on respectively.

34% of respondents' annual income range between Rs. 2.5 Lakh to 5 Lakh, 30% below

one lakh, 24% above five lakh and 12% range between 1 lakh to 2.5 lakh.

Percentage Analysis: Percentage analysis was done to check the response of the

respondents to the checklist instrument. Figure 1 represents the percentage of 'A's

(Agrees), 'B's (Sometimes),'C's(Disagrees) and 'D's(Not Applicable)selected by the 50

respondents in the checklist instrument.

Interpretation: It is found that there is a strong predominance of 'C' which signifies that

work-life balance of married working women in Karkala is in control. Therefore, various

factors like hours worked, work involvement and family responsibilities, affect the

married working women's work-life balance to some extent in Karkala.

Mean And Standard Deviation: The mean and standard deviation of responses (based

on agreement of respondents) for each statement in the checklist are tabulated as below:


5

Table 1 : Work life balance

Particulars

N Mean S.D

1 At the moment, because the job demands it, I usually

work long hours

50

1.82

0.77

2

I do not get much time to relax with my partner and family

50

1.84

0.81

3

I have to take work home most evenings

50

1.68

0.73

4

I often work late or at weekends to deal with paperwork without interruptions

50

1.80

0.77

5

Relaxing and forgetting about work issues is hard to do

50

1.86

0.94

6

I worry about the effect of work stress on my health

50

1.68

0.88

7

My relationship with my partner is suffering because of the pressure or long hours of my work

50

1.28

0.69

8

My family are missing out on my input, either because I

50

1.88

0.84

9 Finding time for hobbies, leisure activities, or to maintain friendships and extended family relationships is difficult

50 1.78 1.01

10 I would like to reduce my working hours and stress levels, but feel I have no control over the current situation

50 1.68 1.05

Interpretation: Among all of the statements presented in Table 2, the statement 'My

family are missing out on my input, either because I don't see enough of them/am too

tired was rated highest, with a mean score of 1.88, which implies that married working

women find it hard to give the desired input to their families because of their tight

schedules or fatigue. The statements 'Relaxing and forgetting about work issues is hard

to do' and 'I do not get much time to relax with my partner and family' had closer mean

scores of 1.86and 1.84 respectively which implies that work stress continue to be in the

minds of women even after they reach home and hence find difficult to relax with their

partner and family. On the other hand, " My relationship with my partner is suffering

because of the pressure or long hours of my work " scored the lowest mean score, 1.28,

which implies that the majority of respondent's relationship with their partner is not

suffering because their long hours of work.

Frequency Distribution and Percentage Analysis:

Respondents' ability of balancing personal and professional life: From the research it

was found that out of the total 50 married working women respondents of Karkala

region, 80% of them felt that they were able to balance their work-life while 20% of them

felt that they were not able to do so.


6

Work-life balance is biggest challenge of working woman: From the study it was

found that 88% of respondents felt that work-life balance was the biggest challenge that

they faced while 12% felt that it was not their biggest challenge.

Relationship between work-life balance and quality of life: In the study it was found

that 88% of respondents felt that there is a strong relationship between work-life balance

and quality of life while 12 felt no.

Better work-life balance can guarantee a better quality of life: From the study it was

found that 94% of respondents felt that better work-life balance in their life can guarantee

them a better quality of life while 6% felt it is not possible.

Level of satisfaction towards Quality of life: From the study it was found that 80% of

respondents felt that their level of satisfaction towards their Quality of life is good while

20% felt is not good.

E. Cross Tabulation:

Table 2: Distribution of respondents on the basis of availability of time to relax

Age

Responses

Total

NA

Disagree

Sometimes

Agree

COUNT

% COUN

T

% COUN

T

% COUN

T

%

Under 30 years 0 0 2 40 2 40 1 20 5

30 to 40 years 0 0 6 30 7 35 7 35 20

41 to 50years 0 0 9

56.25 3

18.75 4 25 16

above 50 years

0

0

4

44.44

4

44.44

1

11.12

9

Total 0 0 21 42 16 32 13 26 50

Interpretation: From the above table, it was found that working women coming under the

age group 41 to 50years (56.25), Disagree with the statement “I do not get much time to

relax with my partner and family”. This implies that working women under this age

group get enough time to relax with their partner and family.

Distribution of respondents on the basis of availability of time

“Finding time for hobbies, leisure activities, or to maintain friendships and extended

family relationships is difficult” with their No of Children.


7

No of Children

Responses TotalNA Dis agree sometimes agree

COUNT

%

COUNT

%

COUNT

%

COUNT

% COUNT

None 0

0

3 42.86

0

0

4

57.14 7

One 0

0

10

66.67

1

6.67

4

26.66 15

Two 2

0

10

37.04

5

18.52

10

37.04 27

Three or more

1

100

0

0

0

0

0

0 1

Total 3 6 23 46 6 12 18 36 50

Interpretation: From the above table, it is found that among the working women having 2

children(27),10 of them(37.04%) have disagreed to the statement “Finding time for

hobbies, leisure activities, or to maintain friendships and extended family relationships

is difficult”, wherein equal number of respondents have also agreed to the same

statement. So there is a contradictory response to the above statement by the respondents.

Distribution of respondents on the basis of balancing of personal and professional

life

Occupation

Responses YES NO

TOTALCOUNT % COUNT % Business

4

100

0

0

4

Academic

9

81.82

2

18.18

11

Healthcare

2

66.67

1

33.33

3

Marketing

8

100

0

0

8 Banking

2

33.33

4

66.67

6

Insurance

7

87.5

1

12.5

8

Postal

6

85.71

1

14.29

7

Others

2

66.67

1

33.33

3

Total 40 80 10 20 50

Interpretation: above table shows that women working under Business and Marketing

sector completely agree with the above statement. This might be because of the flexible

time schedules of the occupation they are working in. On the other hand, respondents

working under the banking sector highly disagreed with the above statement. This might

be due to their increased job stress to meet deadlines and high work pressure during the

year end.

Table 3: Distribution of respondents on the basis of availability of time

Table 4: Distribution of respondents on the basis of balancing of personal and professional life


8

Response to statement: “As a working woman, my biggest challenge is

work-life balance” according to their educational qualification.

Table 5: Qualification wise responses

Educational Qualification

Responses

YES

NO

TOTALCOUNT

% COUNT

%

U G

3

17.65

14

82.35

17

Graduation

9

60

6

40

15

P G

12

80

3

20

15

Professional degree

3

100

0

0

3

TOTAL

27

54

23

46

50

Interpretation: From the above table, it is found that working women possessing higher

educational qualification find work life balance more challenging than that of under

graduates. This may be because of the level of awareness in relation to problems

involved in work life balance.

Response to statement: “In general, my level of satisfaction towards my Quality of life is

good” according to their annual income.

Table 6: Level of satisfaction towards quality of life

Annual Income

Responses

YES NO

TOTALCOUNT % COUNT %

Bellow 1 Lakh 15 100 0 0 15

1Lakh - 2.5 Lakh

5

83.33

1

16.67

6

2.5 Lakh - 5 Lakh

9

52.94

8

47.06

17

Above 5 Lakh

11

91.67

1

8.33

12

TOTAL

40

80

10

20

50


9

Interpretation: From the above table, respondents with annual income of less than 1 lakh

as well as with annual income of more than 5 Lakh are satisfied with their quality of life.

This implies that, annual income does not highly impact on the satisfaction level of the

respondents towards their quality of life.

Summary of Findings

This study was able to measure the work–life balance of working women finding that

married working women of Karkala region are able to balance their work and personal

life irrespective of the sector they are into, the age group they belong to, the number of

children they have, their education qualification, their annual income and their spouse's

profession. The women working under marketing and business sector completely agree

that they are having a good Work life balance. This may be because of the flexible time

schedules of the sector they are working in. On the other hand women working under

banking sector find it very hard to balance their work and personal life this may be due to

the heavy work load and rigid time schedule.

From the study it is found that majority of the working women are unable to give their

desired input to their family either because of their long hours of working or tiredness

after hectic work. This shows that women in-spite of their wish are unable to devote a

better family involvement. Married working women above 40 years age group are

getting enough time to relax with their partner and family, the reason may be because of

their experience in managing both the fields simultaneously. Based on the education

qualification, women possessing higher education qualification find work life balance as

most challenging as undergraduate. Respondents with spouse occupation as marketing

feel that they get enough time to relax with their partner and family.

The result of the study shows that respondent's annual income does not highly impact on

the satisfaction level of the respondents towards their quality of life. Our findings

revealed the importance of work-life balance and the need to have work-life balance to

have happiness and life satisfaction. It is found through the tabulated results that majority

of the respondents are successful in striking a balance between their personal and

professional life. A large number of respondents are found to have the feeling that the

biggest challenge of being a working woman is work-life balance. Many respondents

have agreed that there is a strong relationship between work-life balance and quality of

life and many of them feel that a good work-life balance can guarantee them a better

quality of life. Majority of the respondents are satisfied with their quality of life which

shows that married working women are pleased with the way their life is going.


10

Conclusion

With dual career couples widely prevalent in this modern era, there is a need for

systematic research into the nature of work-life conflict and further insight is required

into ways by which the work-home interface can be more effectively managed.

Considerably more research is needed to gain additional insight into the meaning and

consequences of work–family balance. This study was able to measure employees'

work–life balance and found family involvement, working hours and the stress

associated with work were very important determinants of women employees' work–life

balance, alongside their occupations, age and caring responsibilities. Juggling between

the obligations towards the families and expectations of the organisation and constant

struggle to maintain a balance between work and family can have serious implications on

the life of an individual by affecting their well-being and overall quality of life. From this

study it can be said that there is no ideal work life balance, everyone is different and the

right balance may alter overtime families grow older and personal commitments change.

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, we would like to thank almighty god for showering his blessings and granting us the chance and ability to successfully complete this Research paper. We express our gratitude to Prof. Shrivarma Ajri M (Principal) for giving us the opportunity to do this Research paper during the course of our study. We would like to express our heartfelt and sincere gratitude to Asst. Prof. in Management Divya Prabhu (Research supervisor) for her valuable suggestions and constant support. We would like to express our gratitude to parents, friends and everyone who has helped us to complete this research paper.

References:

A. Singal Rahul &Parvesh“Work Life Balance of Women Employees with Reference to Teaching Faculties”, International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology(E-ISSN: 2321-3264) ,Vol. 3, No. 1, August 2015,pp.38-46

B. Dr.PareekKavita&Mathur Shiv Charan“A Perspective Study On: Work Life Balance Among Women With Special Reference To Bhilwara”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Management Studies (IJIRMS) Volume 2, Issue 12, January 2018. pp.7-16.

C. Mrs.ShuklaShinu, “A Study On Work Life Balance On Selected Working Women In Urban Satna (M.P.)”, International journal of science technology and management, Vol.no.5,issue No.04 April 2016, ISSN 2394-1537, Pp: 116-121

D. G.Delina&Dr.RayaR. Prabhakara, “A study on Work-Life Balance in Working Women”, IRACST – International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management (IJCBM), ISSN: 2319–2828 Vol. 2, No.5, October 2013,Pp: 274-282

E. KumariK.Thriveni&Dr.V.Rama Devi, “A Study on Work–Life Balance of Women Employees in Selected Service Sectors”,Pacific Business Review International Volume 7, Issue 10,April 2015,Pp: 17-23

** *** **


11

YOUTHS' PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO UDUPI CITY

Sandhya G. S M.Com (Final)

Email: [email protected]

Vinisha Ancita VasM.Com (Final)Email: [email protected]

Dr. G. Shankar Govt. Women's First Grade College & P.G. Study Centre, Ajjarkadu, Udupi – 576101

Abstract

Internet is changing the way consumers' buy goods and services and has rapidly evolved

into a global phenomenon. The internet has influenced our lives deeply. By observing

this point many companies are concentrating on carrying business operations through

internet to cut on the marketing cost, thereby reducing the price of products and services

and to stay ahead in highly competitive market field. E-commerce has come into

existence for the benefit of both the consumers and traders. Online shopping is

significant part of E-commerce. Online shopping has become the fastest-growing

business and 'internet' have reported that online shopping is one of their primary use of

their service. In this research paper, researchers made an attempt to analyze the

perception of youths towards online shopping in Udupi City with the sample size of 100.

For the analysis of data statistical tools have been used. Majority of the respondents

responded that product prices, convenience, accessibility, delivery time, quality

comparison, method of payment, satisfaction level of the consumer are the important

variables in online shopping. Along with the youth perception researchers highlighted

the issues and challenges of the E-commerce or online business.

Keywords:

Internet, E-commerce, Online shopping, Consumer Behavior, Young Consumers.

Introduction

Online shopping is a process whereby consumer directly buys goods or services etc. from

a producer/manufacturer/publisher in real time without intermediary services over the

internet. Now a day's most of the people think about convenience and comforts in

shopping rather than how much money they have spent. This is the main reason for the

development of online shopping websites such as Amazon, Flipkart, e-Bay etc. In 1990,

Tim Berners Lee created the first World Wide Web server and browser in UK. It was

opened for commercial use in 1991. In 1994, other developments took place such as

online banking and online shopping. The first online shopping system was introduced in

1994 by the German Company 'Intershop'. Though, surprising 'Pizza hut' was the first

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


12

online retailer during 1994 test phase in Santa Cruz, California. 'All locations' option was

put in 2007. In 1994, Amazon also launched its online shopping site in Washington by

Jeff Dezos. The Annual India Online 2011 Report which puts the number of Indian

internet users at 65 million has compared to 51 million in the previous year. Indian

customers are increasingly getting comfortable with online shopping and there is a

higher acceptability of this mode of purchases. According to report, India has 25 Million

internet users and more is now turning to online shopping. The revenues from online

shopping expected to increase tremendously. In India, more than 50% of the population

belongs to young generation. The changes in young consumers' behavior towards online

shopping may affect the online business significantly. That's why, researchers choose

young people for their study.

Objectives

• To study the attitudes and behavior of young consumer towards online shopping.

• To understand the issues and challenges of online shopping.

• To examine the satisfaction level of online purchases of young consumers.

• To identify the factors which determine online shopping.

• To know the future and growth of online shopping in India.


Our study is based on primary data and secondary data. In present study, researchers have

collected primary data by structured questionnaire with sample size of 100 covering the

area of Udupi city. Secondary data have been collected by referring to journals, books,

internet sources, etc. For distributing the questionnaire, researchers use random

sampling. And for analysis and interpretation, researchers use simple statistical tools and

chi-square test. For presenting the data, pie chart, bar diagram have been used.

Hypotheses

• H0: Gender and Buying Behavior are independent.

• H1: Gender and Buying Behavior are not independent

Scope

Study focused mainly on youths' perception towards online shopping with reference to

Udupi city only. Other aspects of the online shopping are not covered.

Limitations

• The conclusion drawn by us cannot be generalized with other areas or city

• Shortage of time and sample size is less.

GLOBAL RESEARCH REVIEW

13

Volume 4 - 2018

Need For the Study

The study will have significant contribution to the society by way of helping E-

commerce industries while implementing marketing strategies and development

programs in their operations in Udupi. It also helps the academicians while

understanding market structure in online shopping and young consumer behavior

towards online shopping.

Literature Review

According to Philip Kotler (1997); Solomon (1985), “Assurance is important to capture

confidentiality, shopping security, complaint resolution, problem solving and

warranties.

Michael (1998), “The consumers' attitude towards online shopping is known as one of

the main factors that affects E-shopping potential.”

Lindstrom (2001), “With the inability of consumers to feel and touch the product in an

online context, because online retailing lacks the tangible features, it makes it difficult to

market those products on the internet.”

According to Lindstrom (2001) which was cited by Rajamma, parwan and Ganesh

(2007), “it is easier to market the product on traditional stores than the internet because

consumers can feel and touch the product and they can even wear it on the spot.”

Findings of the study

Demographic profile of the Respondents

In present study 100 respondents were surveyed, 50 were males and 50 were females. As

for as age group is considered, 4 respondents were of 25-29 age group, 20 respondents

were of 20-24 age group, 76 respondents were of 15-19 age group. There were 87

students, 4 self-employed, 1 professional and 8 were salaried employees.

Internet users as per the Gender basis

From the study it is found that out of 50 male respondents, only one respondent(2%) is

not using internet but out of 50 female respondents, 4 (8%) are not using internet. 95% of

male and female respondents are using internet. This information is depicted in the

following chart:


14

Chart 1: Internet users as per the Gender basis

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male Female

Yes

No

Online shopping consumers in Respondents

There were online consumers in the respondents as shown in the following table:

Table 1: Online shopping consumers in Respondents

Male

Female

Total frequency

Percentage

Yes 48 29 77 77%

No 2 21 23 23%

Source: Primary Data

From the above Table 1, it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 77% of respondents have

purchased from online. Only 23% have not purchased anything on shopping website.

Perception of Young people for Factors influencing online shopping: Perception of

the youth affects online shopping as shown in the following table:

Table 2: Perception of Young people for Factors influencing online shopping

Factors Male Female Total frequency Percentage

Convenience

15

9

24

21%

Price

22

8

30

27%

Saves time 10 9 19 17%

Availability 9 15 24 21%

Product comparison 6 9 15 14%

Table 2 indicates that 27% of respondents have been motivated to purchase goods

and services through online only for the cheaper price quoted on shopping website.


15

Preference regarding Payment method in online shopping:

In the study it is found that 87% of respondents prefers for cash on delivery payment

method in online shopping rather than other methods.

Categories of product that purchased by Respondents through online:

In the study it is found that respondents were purchasing different categories of products

through online. Majority that is 25% of the respondents have purchased fashion

products, 21% of respondents purchased electronic gadgets and 9% of respondents

purchased home tools and products.

Maximum amount spent by Respondents per year over online shopping:

Study reveals that 45% of respondents have been spent maximum amount in the range of

Rs.1000 - Rs.5000. The following chart shows amount spent by respondents per year

over online shopping:

Chart 2: Maximum amount spent by Respondents per year over online shopping

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Male

Female

Perception of youths towards kinds of problem arising in online shopping: There are

different kinds of problems in online shopping which are shown in the following table:


16

Table 3: Perception of youths towards kinds of problem arising in online shopping

Male

Female

Total frequency

Percentage

Delay in Delivery

7

1

8

27%

Cheap Quality Product 10 2 12 40%

Product Damage 5 4 9 30%

Non Delivery 0 0 0 0%

Security Issues

1

0

1

3%

Table 3 reveals that majority of 40% of respondents get problems relating to quality of

the products.

Perception of young people towards risk level in online shopping: The following

table shows the perception of young people towards risk level in online shopping:

Table 4: Perception of young people towards risk level in online shopping

Male

Female

Total frequency

Percentage

Agree 22 15 37 49%

Disagree 18 11 29 39%

Neutral 8 1 9 12%

From Table 6, it is examined that 49% of respondents agreed that online shopping is risky, 39% disagreed and remaining 12% are neutral about the perception of risk involved in online shopping and traditional shopping is.

Perception of people towards preference of traditional shopping to online shopping

Study reveals that 51% of the respondents prefer online shopping because of its convenience, quality services and availability of product, 33% preferred traditional shopping. This shows online shopping has future in India with ability to compete with traditional shopping.

Perception of youths towards accuracy of product descriptions given in shopping website

From the study it is found that 53% of respondents felt that product descriptions given in the shopping website are not very accurate.

Perception of youth towards satisfaction level in online shopping: The following table shows the level of satisfaction in online shopping among youth:


17

Table 4: Perception of youth towards satisfaction level in online shopping

Male Female Total frequency Percentage

Satisfied 35 18 53 71%

Dissatisfied 3 0 3 4% Indifferent

10

9

19

25%


From the above table it is clear that, 71% of respondents satisfied of online shopping, 4%

felt dissatisfaction regarding in online shopping and 25% are of neutral about their

opinion.

Perception of young people towards future of E-commerce in India: The following

table shows the opinion of young respondents towards future of E-commerce in India:

Table 5: Perception of young people towards future of E-commerce in India

Male Female Total frequency Percentage

Very good

27

24

51

51%

Good 21

21

42

42%

Not so good

1

1

2

2%

Do not have a future in

India

0

0

0

0%

Cannot say

1

4

5

5%

From the Table 5, it is clear that online shopping has a very good future in India because

51% of the respondents felt that E-commerce has a very good future in India, 42% felt

that good future. None of the respondents felt that E-commerce do not have a future in

India.

Testing of Hypotheses :

In order to test whether attributes 'Gender' and 'Buying behavior' is independent; a survey

of 50 males and 50 females was conducted. The result of the survey is as follows:


18

Table 6: Online shopping consumers in Respondents

Male Female Total

Yes

48

29

77

No

2

21

23

Total 50 50 100


H0 :'Gender' and 'Buying behavior' are independent.

H1 : 'Gender' and 'Buying behavior' are not independent.

The degree of freedom is 1.

The level of significance α is 1%.

The critical value k = 6.63

Calculated Value Critical Value

18.29

6.63

Since Chi-square= 18.29 is more than 6.63, H is rejected.0

Interpretation: 'Gender' and 'Buying behavior' are not independent. They are

dependent. In this study males are more passionate about online shopping rather than

females.

Conclusion

The research shows online shopping is having very bright future in India. Researchers

have got positive response from majority of the respondents. With the use of internet

consumers can shop anywhere, any products and at any time with easy and safe payment

options. Consumers are able to compare between availability of products as well as

online stores. In this study, majority of the respondents rated high satisfaction level in

online shopping. Almost all respondents preferred cash on delivery while conducting

online shopping. According to perception of majority respondents, convenience and

cheap price are the main two factors that motivate them to online purchase. Essentially,

the idea of online shopping helps the consumers to find convenient way of shopping.

Consumers will able to save their time and money with required product information


19

with just few clicks in few minutes. Home delivery of products in online purchase

enables the people to buy the products without going out of their homes. Thus, online

shopping indirectly contributes to the environment significantly by reducing traffic and

air pollution, sound pollution which is caused by vehicles.

Bibliography

• Jayasubramanian P., Sivasakthi D., Ananthi Priya K., (2015). A study on customer satisfaction towards

online shopping. International Journal of Applied research, 1(8), 489-495.

• Lindstrom (2001), “Marketing Techniques”.

• Philip Kotler (1974), “Principles of Marketing”. McGraw Hill, Tokyo.

• Solomon (1985), “Principles of Marketing”

Websites

• www.allresearchjournal.com

• www.indian online marketing.com

• www.UK ESSAYS.com

• www.wikipedia.com

** *** **


20

WORK LIFE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF THE ACTUAL SCENARIO OF WORKING MOTHERS AND THE VIEWS OF FEMALE STUDENTS ABOUT WORK

Silvia Das Merces JoaoM.Com

Vanessa Iral RodriguesM.Com

St. Aloysius College, Mangaluru

Abstract

Working mothers are spine in the society as they hold together their work, family and life.

They give a shape to these three important factors with their role being played diligently

and deliberately. In the present days there lacks a balance between the wok and the life

because of the busy schedule of the employees, they are not able to give enough time to

their families. But the ill treatment of the employees in the organisation also affects the

life in a certain way. The women employees in the organisation are not given equal

opportunities at the work place and the gender bias is created. These brings in the

depression and the stress level among the women employees and are not able to be happy

in their day to day lives which affects their balance at the work place. The present study is

conducted to know the actual scenario of working mothers and the perspective of young

female students towards work life. The overloading of work and great amount of work

pressure, with less concentration on personal life generates stress in the mind of working

mothers.

Introduction

Women today have changed the notion of work. In the present world, the concept of

'work outside home is meant for men' has changed to 'work outside home is meant for all'.

This is because in every sector of the environment we see women working. With growing

equality between men and women, women have been spending more time establishing

their career prior to having children. When a family comes into picture, there arises a

concept of “work life management” in their lives. Work life balance is a concept which

includes maintaining of a balance between work and personal life. It includes allotting a

certain amount of time towards the factors around a person. With responsibilities at home

and at office the working mothers are stressed and find it difficult to manage both and

often heard complaining of 'no time' for family. All of this has led to the creation of an

impact on young women who are at the peak of their study life. There is a common

perspective among them that life as a mother one will surely be stressed out. With this

background an attempt is made to analyse the actual scenario of working women and the

perspective of young women towards work life.


21

Literature Review

The work life management of the working mothers is viewed by different authors in

following ways:

Poelmans and Steven A.Y. (2008) have focused that the effective work life balance

practices can improve employee's productivity and firm success, while enriching the

employee's engagement and the life satisfaction. Harmonizing the work, life and the

family examines the organizational challenges of introducing work-life policies and

practices from both an individual and a managerial perspective. In the recent years, the

number of working women has increased. This is a sign of development but on the other

hand it poses a problem to manage their work and life together. They strive for a more

complete life that includes professional and personal life. Therefore the author says that

advantage of flexibility of work should be given and they should be even given enough

leave and leisure at the work place.

Objectives

The objectives of the study are:

1. To understand the dilemma that a working mothers face while managing both her

personal and professional life.

2. To understand the perspective of young women towards work and family life.

3. To study the actual scenario of working mothers and the perspective of young

female students towards work life.

Scope of the Study

The study is covered working mothers holding different professions and the young

female students having different opinions towards work-life. The study is limited to the

city of Mangaluru. The study highlights the struggles faced by working mothers at their

work place and in their lives. It also brings into light the perspective of young women

towards work life management.

Methodology

Sample and the Sample Size: A sample is a small quantity or a number which helps a

person get an idea of the bigger picture. The sample taken for the study includes working

mothers and young women in Mangaluru. The sample size is 60 each for both the groups.

Sources of Data: The study is done through both primary and secondary data. Primary

data is obtained directly from the working mothers and also from the young female

students in Mangaluru. The method to obtain primary data was the direct personal


22

interview and through the administration of the questionnaires. Secondary data has

gathered through the books, internet, books and journals.

Data Analysis

Findings

In the study researchers have considered two major components, one being a group of

working mothers within the city of Mangaluru and the other is the young female students

falling in the age group of 20-23. A few findings and suggestions of the study are as

follows:

Working Mothers:

• 50% of the working mothers work for almost 5-8 hours in a day, 40% of the others

work for about 8- 12 hours. The remaining others work for more than 12 hours a day.

• Majority of the women respondents get regular holidays at their work place,

although they were quite a few who stated that they did not get timely leaves or

regular holidays.

• Most of the respondents of the study live in nuclear families. Something very

shocking was that apart from the work done at the work place; most of these mothers

do a part of their work at home too.

• It is observed that due to overloading of work, women do not get enough time to

spend with their families even if they wish to.

• 50% of the respondents said that their spouses and children help them in their

household chores. But there were a few others who said that the household work

was entirely done by them or by a maid.

• 66% of the respondents sometimes feel that they are not able to manage the work

and the life together. Whereas 17% are not able to manage their work-life and

remaining 17% are able to manage it.

• It was also understood from the survey that 70% of the respondents are not going on

any regular vacations for relaxation and only 30% are going out for a change in

environment.

• A very sad fact was that more than 50% of the respondents easily agree that work

makes them depressed and makes them feel sad.

The overloading of work and great amount of work pressure, with less concentration on

personal life generates stress in the mind of working mothers. This in many cases has

given rise to various health problems. The above factor also hinders a person from


23

spending time with family and friends. Not much of attention can be given to their

children personally or in their academics. Working mothers also state that they do not get

enough time for themselves or to indulge in any other hobbies. They also say that they

have absolutely no time for relaxation.

Female Students:

The study was conducted on female students who belonged to the aged group of

18-23.When asked about their plans after completing their studies, all the respondents of

the study said that they wanted to work.

When posed with the question as to whether they would postpone their marriage

assuming that work life won't be easy, Most of them disagreed with the same. Though

there were quite a few who wished to do so. A few others had a neutral opinion about the

same.

Do you think managing work life will be hard as a mother?

Table 1 : Managing work life among working mothers

Particulars

No of respondents

Yes 31

No 17 May be 12

More than 50% of the respondents believe that managing work life will be hard as a

mother. The remaining of the respondents did not have a steady opinion on this point.

Do you feel that the present working mothers are overloaded with the work?

Table 2: Workload of working mothers

Particulars No of respondents

Yes

31

No 29

52% of the respondents feel that the present working mothers are overloaded with work.

Though there were others who disagreed with same.

When the respondents were asked to give their views about working mothers with regard

to work-life, majority of the respondents quite easily agreed that the present working

mothers are independent yet filled with stress which has an ultimate effect on health.


24

Most of the respondents feel that due to fatigue they are not able to give time to their

family needs.

The respondents were then asked as to how they would manage work and personal life if

they would step into the shoes of working mothers. Majority of the respondents said that

they would maintain a timetable and work accordingly. Some respondents believe that

staying in a joint family would lessen their burden. Taking help from the partner in

household chores would also help them manage work and work life.

Suggestions

NGO's can provide the facilities of baby day care centre and reduction in the working

hours or giving them two days off in a week to bring down the stress level of the working

mothers especially for mothers receiving low wages who cannot afford the same. Rest

rooms may be provided at work place for mothers to relax during break period.

Conclusion:

In most of the Indian families mother gets to play a diversified role. By this we mean that

she is the one who manages external work, household chores, her children's education,

health and also herself. It is because of these factors that most of the working mothers are

not able to shoulder dual responsibilities of family and work and are totally drained and

strained. Because of this notion young girls in the society have a narrow minded view

about work and working mothers. Hence bringing down the stress level of working

mothers will help in better work life balance and thus will help the young girls to have a

positive approach towards working mothers.

References:

• Robbins. Organisational Behaviour, Ninth Edition. Prentice Hall. pp. 563-565.

• Work life balance, Emerald group, 2005, ISBN: 9781846633058.

• Poelmans, Steven A.Y. Harmonizing work, family and personal life: From policy to practice. 2008, Paula

Cambridge University Press.

• Working mother research institute (2011), what moms choose? working mothers report.

• Determinants of work life balance of working mothers, Tripathi Vibhuthi, Shukla Sakshi Misra, Randev

Kadambari, Management Insight, 2012.

• https://www.workingmother.com

** *** **


25

A STUDY ON WORK LIFE BALANCE OF SELF EMPLOYED WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

IN MANGALORE CITY

Thara S. ShettyAssistant Professor

[email protected]

Sathvika H. ShettyAssistant [email protected]

Department of PG Studies in CommerceBesant Evening College, M.G. Road, Mangaluru - 575 003.

Abstract

Increasing presence of women in economic pursuits like entrepreneurship activities is

believed to be the result of development policies. This belief ignores the role of

socioeconomic factors in the growth and development of women entrepreneurship. Many

women entered the world of business and they have become successful entrepreneurs in

various business activities. Women entrepreneurs in Mangalore city have set up business

ventures in a range of industries. The study has been conducted to know the extent of

problems faced in managing work and life by women entrepreneurs. Majority of the

respondents started their business or service to become independent and to meet the

financial needs of their family. From the study it has to be found that majority of the

women find it difficult to manage their work and family and they are trying to overcome

these difficulties by time management and with the help of their family members.

Key Words: Women entrepreneurs, Work-life balance, Time management.

Introduction

The emergence of entrepreneurs in a society depends to a great extent on the economic,

social, religious, cultural and psychological factors prevailing in the society. Women

entrepreneurs include anyone who is engaged in some sort of income generation activity.

Today, in the field of entrepreneurship, we observe that a number of women have been

able to reach similar heights like that of men. These women entrepreneurs are assertive,

persuasive and willing to take risks. This naturally gives an impression that women have

been able to contribute to the growth and development of the economy, by themselves

being an engine of growth in their capacity as entrepreneurs. In Dakshina Kannada some

women entrepreneurs running business and some others are aspiring to start their own

ventures. Some had been doing business in the arecanut processing industry, herbal

products, teaching classical dance and managing coaching institute. To be a woman


26

entrepreneur meant everyday is a challenge but if one had the conviction, it can be a

success stated by one of the women entrepreneur. Women from the past have been

actively associated with the development of their families and this is a trend seen from a

distance past.

Literature Review

Chassinet al. (1985) found three types of conflicts in their research on a sample of 83

dual worker couples with pre-school children. The types of conflicts they faced can be

described as the conflict between demands of multiple roles, conflict between role

expectations of self and spouse and conflict created by lack of congruence between

expectation and reality of roles. The authors stated that self-role congruence in women

leads to better mental health.

Kandelet al. (1985) studied the nature of specific strains and stresses among married

women in their marital, occupational and house work roles. They found that strains and

stresses are lower in family roles than in occupational and household roles among the

married women. These have more severe consequences for the psychological well-being

of women than occupational strains and stresses. Strains predicted distress through role -

specific stress, with strains deriving from contribution of role-specific stress.

Schwartz (1989) found that women make career decisions, work extra hours, make

sacrifices in their personal lives and utilise every opportunity for the sake of professional

development. Professional success requires women to remain single or childless; if they

do have children, they need to be happy for others to satisfy them

Khairunneezam Mohd. Noor (2011) study examined the relationship between

perceived work -life balance satisfaction of academics in Malaysian public higher

education institutions and their intentions to leave the organisation. The results indicated

that perceived work-life balance satisfaction was correlated negatively with intention to

leave the organisation among academics. The results of the simple mediation analysis

indicate that job satisfaction and organisational commitment are partial mediators for the

relationship between work-life balance and intention to leave.

Rincy V. Mathew and N. Panchanatham (2011) the major objective of the study was to

develop and validate an appropriate tool to illustrate the work-life balance (WLB) issues

faced by women entrepreneurs of South India. This study revealed that role overload,

dependent care issues, quality of health, problems in time management and lack of

proper social support are the major factors influencing the WLB of women entrepreneurs

in India.


27

Objectives

The basic objectives of this research paper are as follows:

1. To understand the factors influencing women to become an entrepreneur.

2. To know the financial problems faced by women entrepreneur.

3. To study the managing capacity of women entrepreneur during the peak season of

work.

4. To understand the problems faced by women entrepreneur in work life balancing.

Methodology

Sources of data

Data are facts, figures and other relevant materials, past and present serving as bases for

an analysis. The data serves as bases for analysis and interpretation. The data has been

gathered through a survey and collected through structured questionnaires.

a. Primary data: Questionnaire method - Primary data are original sources from

which the researcher directly collects data that have not been previously collected.

In this study the primary data has been collected through questionnaire. A

questionnaire consists of set of questions presented and personal attention given to

respondents for their answers. The questionnaire must be simple, direct, unbiased

wording and should be pretested with a sample of respondents before it is used.

b. Secondary data: Is obtained from Journals, research Articles and magazines and

information from several websites.

Sampling

a. Unit: The sampling unit for the study women entrepreneurs of Mangaluru city.

b. Geographical location: The area where the study has been undertaken is

Mangaluru city. Sample Size: The sample size taken for the study is 30 women

entrepreneurs.

d. Sampling Method-Non probability method: Here Judgment method is used in

which the population elements are purposively selected based on the judgment of

the researcher.

Limitations

a) There was shortage of time as the research was conducted within 1 month;

b) Sample size taken for conducting research is small that is 30 women entrepreneurs;


28

c) Scope of research is restricted to a small area i.e. Mangaluru city and respondents

are the women entrepreneurs only.

d) Some of the respondents were reluctant to give certain information while answering

the questions.


The data collected is analyzed with the help of statistical tools and presented in the form

of Charts.

Chart 1: Distribution of respondents based on the place of their business as shown in the

following chart:

29%

71%

Place of business/service

At Home Other Premises

Interpretation: 29% of the respondents carrying their business/service at home and

71% at other premises which are either self owned or rented.

Chart 2: Distribution of respondents based on the purpose of carrying on business /

rendering service as shown in the chart below:

To become independen

t

43%To meet the

financial needs

43%

Time pass14%

Purpose of carrying on business or rendering service

or rendering service


29

Interpretation: 43% of the respondents started their business/service to become

independent, 43% to meet the financial needs, 14% of the respondents for time pass.

Distribution of Respondents based on the appointment of employees for their business:

71% of the respondents appointed employees to run their business/ service.

Distribution of Respondents who found it difficult in managing their home during

heavy season: 57% of the respondents found it difficult and 43% of respondents did not

found any difficulty in managing their home and work during heavy season.

Chart 4: showing Distribution of Respondents based on the management of their work

during heavy season:

Managing the work during heavy season

Work over time Help from others

temporary worker All the above

57%

0%0%

43%

Interpretation: 57% of respondents work over time, 43% of respondents takes help from

others and none of the respondents appoint temporary worker during heavy seasons.

Distribution of Respondents based on the help taken to manage their work and life:

60% of the respondents take help from their family members to manage their work and

life and 40% of respondents manage themselves.

Distribution of Respondents based on the type difficulties in managing their home

during heavy season: 75% of the respondents had lack of time for family and 25% of the

respondents had stress or work pressure during heavy season.

Distribution of Respondents based on monthly income from their business/service:

28% of the respondents earning monthly income of Rs. 10,000; 29% of the respondents

earn Rs. 15,000; 29% of the respondents earn Rs. 20,000 and 14% of the respondents

earn Rs. 25,000.


30

Chart 5: showing Distribution of Respondents based on managing the work and life:

Managing the work and life

Time mgt Support from family

help from maid all the above

28%

29%14%

29%

Interpretation: 28% of the respondents managing their work and life by time

management; 29% by the support from family; 14% by the help from maid; and 29% by

the help of all the three.

Major Findings of the study

The following are the findings which are found from the study undertaken:

1. 100% of the Respondents, who have not appointed employees, will manage

themselves.

2. Majority of the respondents carry on their business at other premises which are

either self owned or rented. Only 29% of the respondents carrying their

business/service at home.

3. Majority of the respondents started their business/service to become independent

and to meet the financial needs, only 14% of the respondents for pass time.

4. During heavy season of work, 57% of respondents work over time, 43% of

respondents take help from others.

5. Majority (i.e. 57%) of the respondents found it difficult in managing their home and

work during heavy season.

6. Majority (i.e. 60%) of the respondents takes help from their family members to

manage their work and life and 40% of respondents manage themselves.

7. 75% of the respondents had lack of time for family and 25% of the respondents had

stress or work pressure during heavy season.


31

8. 28% of the respondents earning monthly income of Rs. 10,000; 29% of the

respondents earn Rs.15,000; 29% of the respondents earn Rs.20,000 and 14% of the

respondents earn Rs.25,000.

9. 28% of the respondents managing their work and life by time management; 29% by

the support from family; 14% by the help from maid; and 29% by the help of all the

three.

Suggestions

During the study, the following suggestions were provided by the respondents for the

development and encouragement of women entrepreneurship in Mangaluru city.

1. Some of the women entrepreneurs suggested that it is better to work independently

instead of working under the stress and pressure of others.

2. Young women should become self employed and independent by taking risks and

challenges of entrepreneur.

3. Self employed women should learn to manage time for their family as well as for

work.

Conclusion

Today, in the field of entrepreneurship, we observe that a number of women have been

able to reach similar heights like that of men. This naturally gives an impression that

women have been able to contribute to the growth and development of the economy, by

themselves being an engine of growth in their capacity as entrepreneurs. In the study it is

found that majority of the respondents started their business/service to become

independent and to meet the financial needs. For work-life balance, the majority of the

respondents managing the time and taking the support of family members, and only

some of the respondents takes the help of maid.

References

1. Chandra, Shantha Kohli. Development of Women Entrepreneurship. New Delhi: Mittal Publications,

1997.

2. Khanka, S.S. Entrepreneurial Development. S.Chand Publications, 2006.

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5. DSouza, Preethi Keerthi and Pakkeerappa P. Women Entrepreneurs-A Study with Special Reference to

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http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/33806/2

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33

STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTION OF DESIRABLE

EMPLOYABILITY SOFT SKILLS FOR COMMERCE

STUDENTS – A STUDY OF DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT

Seema Prabhu S.Assistant Professor

Department of Commerce, Canara College, Mangaluru.

Abstract

Enhancing employability skills of students in Commerce discipline is considered as an

important task within higher education system. The main aim of this study is to

investigate the perceptions of desirable graduate workplace skills for commerce

graduates. A cross-sectional research design was followed with data collected by means

of surveys. A sample of 210 students of under graduate and 52 students of post graduate

courses, 55 faculties in the field of commerce and 26 employers (who have previously

employed our students) of Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka participated in this

study. The most important graduate skills identified included Communication,

professionalism, time management, ability/willingness to learn, interdisciplinary

thinking.

Keywords : Employability, Soft skills, Commerce graduates

Introduction

In today's dynamic environment it is very difficult to find a course that suffices and

fulfills all criteria required by the employers. Commerce in itself has a vast scope and

there is a necessity to be aware of its component to a certain level as we are living in the

era of “Jack of all trades, master of some”. It was observed that “the system of higher

education was producing a prototype of manpower, where as developing economy

required wider capabilities; hence for many jobs, suitable persons were not available.

There was a mismatch between types of capabilities demanded and the types of

capabilities developed among students by the education system”. The above statement

holds good like other streams of university education also with commerce education in

India. Commerce education is that area of education which develops the required

knowledge, skills and attitudes for the successful handling of trade, commerce and

industry.

With high rate of unemployment and turnover, competition and evolving business

opportunities, there is a need of individuals who not only just excel in their academics but


34

go beyond the regular curriculum. The ability to confidently speak in public, to write

professional and convincing letters have a high aptitude, know a certain level of math

operations, have a certain level of general knowledge and awareness etc. are extra

abilities which can help an individual in landing into a long successful career. Till yester

years, commerce education was business education. But, in tune with the needs of the

business and society, independent professions have emerged in the form of Chartered

Accountant, Cost and Works Accountant, Company Secretary and business

administrator. Commerce is a field that is continuously evolving, changing and

developing and thus, there is a need to be well-informed in aspects other than studies. Just

graduate degrees no more fetch high-paid jobs, due to which complementary courses

have to be taken up to develop ones intellectual skills.

There is a definite talent gap between the kind of abilities colleges are producing in

students and what the corporate really need. What graduate courses provide us with are

basics of business, finance and economics which are generally more theoretical in

nature. It does not provide us with any practical experience but helps us understand the

base and basics of the subjects. There is a great expectation for higher education

institutions to proactively engage with the skills needs by the economy and to address

this through knowledge generation and innovation [13]. However, in many cases higher

education institutions are criticized for not producing graduates that are workplace ready

[6, 18, 27]. Employers and graduates are of the opinion that a tertiary qualification does

not necessarily prepare students for the work environment and that students lack

practical skills, are not of high quality or suited for specialist positions innovation [13,

20, 21].

Graduate employability skills are considered of paramount importance in assisting

graduates to secure employment. Graduate employability skills are considered of

paramount importance in assisting graduates to secure employment. Employers often

complain about a lack of soft skills among graduates from tertiary institutions. The

British Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), for example, made an outcry in 2008

and reported that “employers say graduates lack soft skills such as team working”. They

go on to explain that candidates are normally academically proficient but lacking in soft

skills such as communication as well as verbal and numerical reasoning. Other important

soft skills highlighted by researchers are interpersonal skills, motivation, good inter-

personal communication skills, business skills and etiquette, team spirit and

cohesiveness and showing interest [9, 13, 22, 23, 24].


35

Literature Review

Knight and Yorke refer to soft skills as personal qualities (self-confidence,

independence, adaptability, initiative, willingness to learn), core skills (information

retrieval, self-management, creativity) and process skills (problem-solving). Soft skills

complement hard skills which are the technical requirements of the job innovation [16].

Soft skills are also known as “people skills” and are typically hard to observe, quantify

and measure. Other important soft skills highlighted by researchers are interpersonal

skills, motivation, good inter-personal communication skills, business skills and

etiquette, team spirit and cohesiveness and showing interest [2, 3, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 19, 22,

24, 28].

Coll and Zegwaard conducted an investigation on the views of four stakeholders

(student, recent graduates, employers and faculty) with the intention of finding out which

graduate competencies are ranked as the top five. The stakeholder's views provided

different preferences regarding the top five competencies. The findings of the study

revealed that the top five ranked competencies by business students included computer

literacy, customer service orientation, teamwork and cooperation, self-confidence, and

ability and willingness to learn [9].

Objectives of the study

The main objectives of this research are:

1. To determine the key stakeholders (i.e. Undergraduate students, Post graduate

students, academicians, industry (employer)) perceptions of desirable

employability soft skills for commerce students.

2. To suggest an innovative solution to bridge the gap between the academia and

industry.

Research methodology

This study is based on primary data. A questionnaire was served to 210 students of under

graduate and 52 students of post graduate courses, 55 faculties in the field of commerce

and 26 employers (who have previously employed our students). Besides the data

collection through a survey questionnaire; a group interview was also conducted to

mobilize the information relating to the topic of the study. Data derived from the

questionnaire and the interview was then tabulated and analyzed according to themes.

Simple statistical tools are used to analyze the collected data.


36

Volume 4 - 2018

Limitations

• This study is restricted to Dakshina Kannada District only.

• Convenient sampling has its own drawbacks.

Findings of the study

For the purpose of the study the researcher pointed out the following soft skills after

thorough literature review and other sources (in alphabetical order):

Ability to cope with uncertainty, Client management, Communication (verbal and

written), Conflict management, Critical thinking, Cross-cultural relationships,

Decision-making, Emotional intelligence, Interpersonal relations, Leadership, Multi-

disciplinary thinking, Positive attitude, Presentation skills , Problem solving,

Professionalism, Self-confidence, Self-management, Teamwork and co operation,

Time-management / punctuality, Willingness to learn, Work ethics / Integrity

Opinion of Students

Soft skills in the order of priority

The significance of soft skills based upon the need of the students are assessed by asking

the respondents to rank the prescribed soft skills in order of priority. For this purpose 21

soft skills selected on the basis of its significance in employment and in higher education.

Based upon the response, 76 percent of the respondents consider oral communication as

the most preferred soft skill for their future career, whereas decision making (72 per cent)

and team work and co operation (67 per cent), problem solving (64 percent) and

presentation skills(60 percent) were the next four highest preferred option among the

students. It is oral communication particularly in English, decision making, team work

and cooperation, problem solving and presentations skills are the most needed skills of

students during their studies. Efforts are to be made to incorporate these skills in the

curriculum.

Opinion of Teachers


Based upon the response, 79 percent of the teachers consider communication as the

most preferred soft skill for their future career, whereas Self management (72 per cent)

and team work and co operation (68 per cent), Conflict Management (64 percent) and

leadership (60 percent) were the next four highest preferred options among the Teachers.


37

Development of Soft skills in the modules

Teachers were asked which soft skills are, according to them, developed in the modules

they teach. Lecturers responded for 21 different subject areas that form part of the

graduate and post graduate programmes. Soft skills mentioned were communication

(mentioned 55 times), self-management (40), teamwork (42), interpersonal relations

(40), conflict management (19), leadership (19), decision making (18), work ethic (4),

multi disciplinary thinking (4), professionalism (2), negotiation (2), flexibility (2), cross

cultural relationships and self confidence.

Soft skills that are not taught according to lecturers and students are critical thinking,

emotional intelligence, positive attitude, time management, and willingness to learn.

Opinion of Industry


Based upon the response, 85 percent of the employers consider communication (verbal

and written) as the most preferred soft skill they expect from their employee. Whereas

flexibility (70 percent) Self management (69 percent), team work (68 percent) and

multidisciplinary thinking (64 percent) were the next four highest preferred option

among the Employers

With which of the soft skills do graduates have the biggest problem?

Communication, conflict management, multi-disciplinary thinking, decision making

and emotional intelligence are the soft skills where the biggest shortcomings exist

according to the industry.

Suggestions

Based on the study and analysis of data, the following suggestions are made for the

effective learning of soft skills and Life Skills by the students by introduction of

Finishing School Programme Concept into the Indian education system:

1. Introduction of mentorship programme and Soft Skills Training programme in the

education system to built healthy teacher – student relationship.

2. To consider university education as a “Preparation for life” and therefore should

cover a wider spectrum of courses that will be relevant in the field of work.

3. Personality Development programmes be included in every course at graduation

level. Development of aspects like communication, listening skills, selection of aim

and goals, social graces, leadership should be included in the programmes.


38

4. Students should be encouraged to enhance their soft skills by applying the methods

e.g. reading dedicated books, attending courses, and joining clubs or societies to

broaden their horizon, like debating societies, Toast Masters who are practicing

Rhetoric, or scientific societies who offer presentations and discussions.

5. A formal approach to the problem would be to incorporate soft skills subjects into a

programme's curriculum. On graduate level and post graduate level a course on

management skills, including some communication skills together with the

management of time, conflict, cultural issues, and of major importance, oneself, has

in practice been well received by students. However, very often the curricula are

already overloaded with hard skills courses, making it almost impossible to add or

substitute courses. A very elegant way of offering soft skills training to students is to

embed it into the teaching of hard skills.

6. Experiential learning in higher education provides more opportunities to the

students to learn soft skills- Students should work on real world projects with real

world clients. Students should work in the industry during holidays and work with

students from other courses or faculties.

7. Use experts to present lectures and workshops.

8. Motivate students to do their best to excel.

9. More teamwork must be done; especially on projects were components of the

assignment are inter-dependant.

10. When students work in a team, they must assume different roles so that a student can

not choose to do only that which he is comfortable with.

11. Interactive lectures will help with the development of communication skills.

12. Certain commercial skills such as leadership quality, coping with multi-tasking and

networking that are required in all types of jobs are considered as least important by

students due to general lack of clarity about their career direction. Therefore there is

a need to create awareness among the students about the different types of skills

required for different jobs.

Conclusion:

On an average 3.45 crore students get enrolled every year in various graduate and post

graduate courses across Indian Universities (Source: AISHE report 2015-16).

Considering the fact that during the last decades in society the perceived importance of

soft skills has increased significantly, it is of high importance for everyone to acquire


39

adequate skills beyond academic or technical knowledge. This is not particularly

difficult. Once a shortcoming in a certain area of soft skills has been identified at oneself,

there are numerous ways of rectifying such a deficiency. Educators have a special

responsibility regarding soft skills, because during students' School and University time

they have major impact on the development of their students' soft skills. Besides raising

awareness regarding the importance of soft skills and encouraging students to improve

their skills, lecturers should actively practice soft skills with their students. A very

effective and efficient way of doing this is to include soft skills training into the teaching

of hard skills. As a positive side effect the lessons will become more attractive, which in

turn will increase the success rate of learners. Soft skills fulfil an important role in

shaping an individual's personality by complementing his/her hard skills. However,

over-emphasising it to such an extent should not taint the importance of soft skills, and at

the same time make hard skills insignificant.

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[3] Andrews, J. & Higson, H. (2008). Graduate Employability, 'Soft Skills' Versus 'Hard' Business

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** *** **


41

IMPACT OF GST ON CUSTOM VALUATION OF CASHEW KERNALS: A STUDY ON PRESENT SCENARIO

Sagar S. S.M.Com.

E-mail- [email protected]

Harshitha L. R.M.Com.E-mail- [email protected]

Alva's College, Moodbidri, D.K

Abstract

Tax is an important and most significant source of revenue of the government. It is an

effective tool to achieve economic growth. Taxes may be direct or indirect. New indirect

tax reform made tremendous variation in the Indian economy. New tax reform affected

on price of the goods and services of the country. Goods and Service Tax is one of the

transformation reforms of the indirect tax, which replaced excise duty, CENVAT, service

tax, entry tax etc. This effect the another element of indirect tax of India i.e., customs duty.

One of the major imports of India is cashew kernels which contributes 65% of the world

export. In order to meet the domestic demand, Cashew kernel was imported from other

countries. This new tax affects the price of the cashew and also the procedure of custom

valuation of goods and gateways for availing input tax credit. This study is attempted to

identify the Goods and Service Tax effect on import duty and changes happened in case of

valuation of cashew kernels

Key words: Goods and Service tax, Customs, Indirect tax, Cashew kernels.

Introduction

July 1, 2017 is the day of largest tax reform for India which leads to abolish of VAT,

Excise duty, CST and adopted dual GST model as per Kelkar committee suggestions.

GST gas levied through implementation of bills i.e., CGST, SGST, IGST and State

Compensation Cess and also classification of rates i.e., 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% other

rates of 0.25% for uncut diamonds and 3% on gold. GST will be levied on the supply of

goods and services. New tax reform lead to removal of cascading effect by implementing

uniformity of tax rate, easy compliance, single, transparent tax and relief of tax burden.

Custom duty is also affected by introduction of GST. Very important component

components of custom duty are CVD and SAD which components of domestic taxes.

GST leads to abolish of CVD and SAD but Basic Customs continue with same as earlier

and it is kept outside from GST. One of major imports which contributes to foreign trade

is cashew kernels from African countries. There is an impact o GST on cashew industry

also. So cashew kernels are comes under 5% IGST. This research is attempted to know

the valuation of imports and their procedure dealt with imported cashew kernels.


42

Need for Study

Implementation of Goods and Service Tax made fluctuation of price of commodities in

the economy. There are mixed opinion about Goods and Service Tax (positive and

negative). Another indirect tax i.e., custom duty also connected with earlier abolished tax

.i.e., Counter-Veiling Duty and Special Additional Duty. So here we made an attempt to

study the effect of Goods and Service Tax on import valuation.

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to know the effect of Goods and Service Tax on the

import valuation of cashew kernels. However in order to satisfy the main objective the

following objectives are framed

• To identify the changes in the import procedure after GST.

• To estimate the impact of GST on imports.

• To analyze impact of GST on custom valuation.

• To determine the changes in the price o imported good after implementation of

GST bill.

Methodology

Primary data

The study is based on primary data collected through the questionnaire by asking

respondents of 20 cashew industry of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada district. Based on

the opinion of the accountants and proprietors of cashew industry data was collected.

Secondary data

For Literature review it was collected from the secondary source by referring books and

internet.

Limitations

• Study is limited to cashew industry of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts.

• Research is made before the finance budget 2018 so updates are not considered.

• Study is limited to 20 respondents


Procedural changes in GST: Goods and Service Tax made fluctuation of price in Country

and also while calculating the tax of the commodity.


43

SL. NO. Response Respondents Percentage

1. Yes

20

100%

2. No 0 0%

TOTAL 20 100%

In the above table 100% of the respondents are felt that Goods and Service Tax had

changed the procedure of valuation.

Procedural changes: GST had changed the system of valuing the goods for computing tax

and it has effect on the procedure to deal with as shown in the following table:


1. Complicated

8

40%

2. Easy

10

50%

3. No changes

2

10%

TOTAL 20 100%

From the above table it is found that 40% of the respondents feel GST is complicated,

50% were felt easy and remaining felt that no changes.

Tax burden reduces in case of GST: Earlier various taxes are levied at different rate on

different level of supply now it has subsumed in one that is GST and burden of tax has

been reduced.


1. Yes

17

70%

2. No 3 30%

TOTAL 20 100%

The above table shows that 70% of respondents are of the opinion that tax burden

reduced and remaining 30% felt that burden of tax was not reduced.

GST affects the shipping charges: As import valuation includes the shipping charges,

shipping charges effect to value of import of goods.

Table 1: Fluctuation of price from GST

Table 2: Procedural changes in GST

Table 3: Reduction tax burden in GST


44


1. Yes 12 60%

2. No

8

40%

TOTAL 20 100%

Above table shows 60% of the respondents said that yes shipping charges are affected by

GST and remaining 40% said that it will not affect shipping charges.

GST affect the price of commodity: GST is applicable in case of supply which leads tax

on the value of the goods, so price of the goods will affect.


1. Increase

4

20%

2. Decrease

8

40%

3. No changes

8

40%

TOTAL 20 100%

Above table indicates that 40% of respondents opined that decrease in price, another

40% said that no changes, and 20% are of the opinion that GST leads to increase in the

price.,

Any changes in the total imports after GST: GST implementation has created

dilemma in the valuation of goods and also leads to variation in the day to day business.


1. Yes

6

30%

2. No

14

70%

TOTAL

20

100%

From the above table it is clear that 70% of the respondents said that there is no changes

in the total imports after GST and remaining 30% are opined that there are changes.

GST has made easier to make calculation than earlier tax:


1. Yes 6

30%

2. No 14 70%

TOTAL 20 100%

Table 4: Effect of GST on shipping charges

Table 5: Effect of GST on price of commodity

Table 6: Changes in the total imports after GST

Table 7: Tax calculation under GST


45

Above table shows that 70% of respondents said that calculation of tax under GST is not

easier than earlier and only 30% opined that it had made easier.

Table 8: IGST can be set off to other tax payment (cross set up)


1. Yes

18

90%

2. No 2 10%

TOTAL 20 100%

From the table it is clear that 90% of respondents said that IGST can be set off with other

tax and remaining 10% responded that it is not possible to set off with other. So IGST can

be set off with other tax.

Table 9: Any extra documents are required for IGST:

SL. NO. Response

Respondents

Percentage

1. Yes 0 0%

2. No 20 100% TOTAL 20 100%

State and central and the documents related aspect respondents says that there is no extra

documents required for IGST payment.

Refund or tax credit : Earlier indirect tax law has also have refund facility and changes

had taken place after GST implementation:


1. Easy

12

60%

2. Complicated

2

10%

3. Same 6 30%

TOTAL 20 100%

From the above table it is observed that 60% of respondents said that it had made easy to

get refund, 10% felt complicated and remaining 30% responded that it was same as

earlier.

Table 10: Tax Credit


46

GST affected the price of imported goods

As GST implementation made fluctuation in the valuation of goods and market price. In

case of cashew kernel importers 60% of respondents said that it was not affected the price

of the goods and remaining 40% opined that it has effect to fluctuation of prices.

IGST is beneficial than previous CVD and SAD: Earlier tax was levied in different

rate and also valuing procedure was long and credit also differs in both case of SAD and


1. Yes

18

90%

2. No 2 10%

TOTAL

20

100%

From the above table it is found that 90% of respondents said that IGST is benefited than

earlier and remaining 10% are not satisfied with IGST benefit.

Effect of E-way bills on import:

From the study it is clear that 10% of respondents said that it will affect the import of

goods and 90% are opined that it will not effect.

Any extra cess is applicable on import:

From the study it is found that 20% of respondents are of the opinion that extra cess is

charged and 80% are of opinion that no extra cess is charged.

Findings

• Importers of cashew kernels are in dilemma about the valuation of imports.

• GST abolish SAD and CVD by replacing IGST and compensation cess.

• IGST credit related to goods and service can be set off with other GST payment and

it is beneficial then the SAD and CVD.

• Double taxation relief has been reduced after implementation of GST.

• Before GST, import was made through duty free advance license, after GST

importer has to pay IGST

• ITC will help the importer then earlier because GST applicable at single rate and

they can claim at single rate.

• Some respondents had hope that in future this new indirect tax reform will be

beneficial for everyone.

Table 11: IGST Benefits


47

• Most of the respondents are feeling that valuation procedure is very complicated

than earlier.

• More documentation is required while filing the returns and availing ITC.

Suggestions

• Procedure for availing refund of IGST has to be made simpler and has to get refund

in a short span of time.

• While valuing the imports the custom authorities has to consider transaction value

for levying IGST.

• Guidelines had to be set and communicated about valuation of imports.

• There should be simpler procedure and less documentation to availing the ITC.

Conclusion

GST implementation made solution for the problems of indirect tax faced by tax payer. In

the initial stage some problems are arises on rate and valuation of goods and service later

it has been solved. While it comes to import duty the GST has affected the import of

cashew kernels. It lead to change of valuation of cashew kernels and it created confusion

in the manner of valuing goods. GST had the benefit to get the credit and refund by way of

levying single rate of tax. The cascading effect has removed by new tax law. Some

documents are more while availing the benefit of tax. Credit availed can be set off with

payment of tax. By considering all aspects effect of GST has benefited the importer and

made easier to compute at single rate. Even though GST made initial complication, but in

future it will be friendly tax policy.

Abbreviations

GST - Goods and Service Tax

IGST - Integrated Goods and Service Tax

CVD - Counter Veiling Duty

SAD - Special Additional Duty

VAT - Value Added Tax

CST - Central Sales Tax

Bibliography

• Datey V. S. (2015) Indirect taxes law and practice. New Delhi: Taxman Publication Pvt. Ltd

• Dr.H.C.Mehrotra,(2013), Indirect taxes, Sahitya Bhawan publications, Agra

• http://www. exportgenius.in

• http://www.cbec.gov.in

** *** **


48

Abstract

The electronic industry emerged in the 20th century and has now become a global

industry worth billions of dollars. Contemporary society uses all manner of electronic

devices built in automated factories operated or semi – automated factories operated by

the Industry. The electronic industry is one of the most flourishing and an extremely

diversified sector. It has been growing at a rapid pace with the invention of innovative

technologies. India and China are the two most populous countries and fastest growing

major economies in the world. China is the largest partner of India. India imports from

China worth are seven times of India exports to China. Electronics, machinery and

organic chemical are the most importing commodities from China. India imports of

electronics items from China have been increased by 13 % between 2012 and 2016. In

any electronic market in India cheap Chinese electronic products are available

everywhere. A cheaper Chinese version is available for almost every Indian electronic

product. These products come at the price of 10 to 70% lower than their original

counterparts; help the consumers save their hard – earned money. Because of cheaper

prices products made in China are becoming more popular among the Indian masses. In

this research paper we made an attempt to study about the trend of Chinese electronic

products in India and about the perception of electronic retail shopper regarding

Chinese electronics, and also study about Indian electronic market.

Key words: Effect of Chinese electronic products, advantages and disadvantages of

Chinese product.

Introduction

Electronic devices refers to the finished products which has their molecule composition

changed while processing and is now widely used to refer to general electronic products

made of semiconducting materials. Electronic industry in China grew rapidly after

liberalization of the economy under the national strategic policy of accelerating the

informatisation of its industrial development. Most consumer electronics are made in

China, due to maintenance cost, availability of materials; quality and speed as opposed

to other countries. In 2013 China surpassed the United States at largest trading nation in

A STUDY ON EFFECTS OF CHINESE ELECTRONIC

PRODUCTS ON INDIAN MARKET

Kripand2 M.com

[email protected]

Lavina Machadond2 M.com

[email protected]

Sri Bhuvanendra College, Karkala.


49

the world and plays a vital role in international trade. China is India's key trade partner

and most of the electronic goods that are sold in the Indian markets are 'Made in China'.

Made in China products are becoming more popular among the Indian masses because of

the cheaper prices as compare to Indian products. The Chinese goods have invaded

almost all the sectors of Indian market and seem to be bringing tougher time for Indian

Industry. One of the mainstays of the Chinese strategy of following a mass-production

and mass-consumption formula is to keep the profit margins low and cover the gap by the

subsequent boost in sales. The huge scale of operations of the Chinese industry is geared

towards supplying not only the large domestic market, but also exporting extensively to

global markets at cheap rates.

Literature Review

According to Ramandeep Kaur, be it anything from needle to toys, electronic gadgets,

hot water bottles, Diwali crackers the Chinese version of the same is available in India at

much cheaper price. The price of Chinese goods is 10-70% lower than that of Indian

goods. Low price, bulk availability and variety are some of the favourable features of

Chinese goods in India. Chinese products in huge quantity are put into Indian market and

adversely affecting the Indian units. Chinese goods are not only affecting the domestic

business and Indian market but also affecting the export market of our country. Indian

goods are being replaced by 'Made in China' label both in India as well as abroad. Made in

China label is slowly capturing the every segment of Indian market such as electronic

goods, textile and garment industry, toys, medicines, car components etc.

According to Sagar agrawal, because of cheaper prices products made in China are

becoming more popular among the Indian masses. This has had a very negative effect on

our own manufacturing units and as a result many of them have had to shut stop. Due to

its cheap labour, China offers low-priced imports such as textiles and clothing, electronic

devices, machinery etc.

Objectives

The major objectives of this study are:

1) To study the effect of Chinese electronic product.

2) To study the perception of electronic retail shoppers relating to electronic products.

3) To study the limitation of the usage of Chinese electronic products.

4) To suggest the measures to improve the position of Indian producers position in

market.


50

Research methodology

To realize the objectives of the study, information was collected through questionnaire

from selected retailers in Karkala city. Both primary and secondary sources are used for

collection of data. The study is being descriptive in nature; an attempt is made to study

the effects of Chinese electronic products on Indian market.

Effects of Chinese electronic products on Indian market

When China opened up its economy to foreign investors, it simultaneously provided a

significant thrust to the export potential through a judicious mix of state incentives and

the free market mechanism. It created Special Economic Zones (SEZs) that were given

preferential treatment. The export sector was given a boost by creating an extensive

export network and dismantling impediments to the import of technology. The benefits

accruing to Chinese manufacturers are essentially due to seven factors: economies of

scale in manufacturing, tariff differentials, lower cost of capital investment, higher

labour productivity, lower transaction, power and transportation costs.

China has been increasing the resorting to measures such as dumping- it sells its product

in the Indian market at very cheap prices. The result is that China has potential to cause

injury to the domestic producers. India's infrastructure does not permit it as yet to observe

huge economies of scale like those of China. Having this competitive advantage, the

Chinese industry is bolstering itself by diverting its products to India. But in the process,

it is causing irreparable damage to the Indian domestic market and producers.

India has also been growing impressively but more slowly than China's rate the two

economies are linked in many ways; they compete in several markets and complement

each other in other market. Electronic products are used at large scale, for example:

mobile, television, refrigerator, computer etc. Chinese version of all electronic products

is available in India. These products are not reliable but they are cheap and hit large

portion of Indian market.

Data analysis and interpretation

Sale of Chinese products at shop: From the study it is found that 96% of respondents were

selling Chinese electronic products at their shop and remaining 4% were not selling

Chinese products at their shop.


51

Opinion Number of people In percentage (%)

High 39

78 %

Moderate 2 4 % Low 9 18 %

Table 1: Level of Competition of Chinese products on Indian products:

From the above table it is clear that 78% of respondents are of the opinion that there is

high level of competition, 4% are opined that moderate level competition and 18% are

opined that lower level of competition of Chinese products on Indian market. It is clear

that, Chinese products are giving tough competition to domestic products.

Chinese products help Indian consumers to get the product at lower prices: From

the study it is found that 74 % of respondents agreed and 26 % disagreed that Chinese

products help Indian consumers to get the products at lower prices. It shows that Chinese

products help the consumers to get products at low cost.

Table 2: Chinese products required in Indian market:

Yes (72%) No (28%)

Competitive edge

Price cut

Availability

Number of people

8

12

16

14

In percentage 16 % 24 % 32 % 28 %

From the above table it is clear that 72% of respondents opined that Chinese products

required in Indian market for different purposes, and remaining 28% were disagreed.

Among 72% of the agreed respondents, 16% agreed that Chinese products bring

competitive edge, 24% agreed that it brings price cut and remaining 32% are agreed that

Chinese products bring availability of products. So it is clear that Chinese products are

required in Indian market not for the evil purpose but just to have healthy competition in

the market.

Table 3: Demand for Chinese products in Indian market:

Opinion Number of people Percentage (%)

High 29 58 %

Moderate

20

40 %

Low 1 2 %


52

In the above table 58 % of respondents have the opinion that there is high demand and 40

% respondents have opinion that there is moderate and 2 % respondents have opinion that

there is low level demand for Chinese products in Indian market. So it is clear that,

Chinese products have more demand in Indian market.

Efforts of government to increase the prices of Chinese product through anti-

dumping tax to protect the home producers:

Opinion Number of people Percentage (%)

Highly satisfied

5

10 %

Satisfied 40 80 % Not satisfied 5 10 %

In the above table 10 % respondents were highly satisfied and 80 % respondents were

satisfied and remaining 10 % were not satisfied with the efforts of government to

increase the prices of Chinese product through anti-dumping tax to protect the home

producers. Therefore it is clear that most of the people were satisfied with the efforts of

government.

Chinese products exploit the Indian market: From the study it is clear that 80% of

respondents were agreed that Chinese products are exploiting the Indian market and

remaining 20% were disagreed.

Table 5: Products preferred by the customers for the various services

Country India China

Respondents Percentage Respondents Percentage

Number

of people

After sales

50

100 %

Price

50

100 %

Quality

50

100 %

Warranty 50 100 %

In the above table 100 % of respondents prefer Indian electronic products for various

services like after sales, quality and warranty of the products. And 100 % of respondents

prefer Chinese product in matter of prices of the product. It is clear that most of the people

prefer Indian products for various services like after sales, quality, and warranty; but

when it comes to price factor people prefer Chinese product.

Table 4: Government efforts on price control


53

Safety of the Goods: From the study it is clear that 98% of respondents are of the opinion

that Indian goods are safer than Chinese products and remaining 2% disagreed. It is clear

that when it comes for safety the people prefer Indian products than Chinese product.

Chinese product affect adversely to economy: From the study it is found that 96 % of

respondents were agreed that Chinese products affect the Indian economy adversely and

only 4% of respondents were disagreed.

Findings

• From the study it is clear that, 96% of our respondents are selling Chinese electronic

products at their shop.

• From the study 78 % of respondents have a perception that Chinese electronic

products are giving high competition to Indian products.

• From the above analysis it is clear that74 % of respondents agree that Chinese

products are helping Indian consumers to get the product at a lower price.

• 72 % respondents (16%+24%+32%) believe that the Chinese products are required

in Indian market, among them 16% believe that it provide a competitive edge in

Indian market, 24 % of them answered that it required for price cut and 32% of

respondents answered that it requires for the purpose of availability of products.

And remaining 28% respondents disagreed for Chinese products in Indian market.

• According to 58% of respondents the demand for Chinese product in Indian market

is very high.

• From the research it is found that 80% of respondents are satisfied with the efforts of

government to increase the prices of Chinese product through anti dumping tax to

protect the home producers.

• 80% respondents have the opinion that the Chinese products exploit the Indian

market.

• For after sales services, quality, warrantee, 100% respondents prefer Indian

products, for price factor 100% respondents prefer Chinese product

• 100% respondents think that Indian products are more safer than Chinese products

• 96% of respondents agree that Chinese products affect adversely to economy where

as remaining (4% respondents) respondents were disagree.

Suggestions

Here are the few suggestions to improve the Indian market:

• Most of the customers in India purchase electronic products only by considering the

low price of Chinese electronic products as these are of much lower price than


54

Indian products. Therefore it is better to the customers while purchasing they must

consider other factors of products such as quality, warrantee etc.

• As seen in our research, demand for Chinese products are more, therefore it is

important to convey the information relating to pros and cons of these products

among the Indian mass through social medias, road shows, etc.

• As compared to Indian electronic products quality of Chinese products is low;

therefore government should impose strict rules relating to the importing products

from China.

• As Indian industries are facing tough competition from the Chinese product,

therefore the government should provide various incentives to domestic industries

in order to produce at large scale and reap the benefits of economies of scale.

• At present there is no strict safety standard were implied while importing products

in India, therefore the government should set proper safety standards in order to

improve the quality of importing products.

Conclusion

According to the above analysis it is clear that most of Indian population prefers Chinese

electronic products because of its cost efficiency, quality of product is overlapped by the

cheap price and therefore Chinese products are preferred all over India. And some people

had opinion that the Chinese products should be banned in India, as Indian domestic

industries are badly hit by these Chinese products. But some have the opinion that it

should not be fully banned because of the competition from foreign country, Indian

companies will become more effective and efficient. Also government should provide

various promotional schemes to Indian industries to produce at large scale and being

Indians we should bring awareness among the public about the advantage and

disadvantages of usage of Chinese electronic products.

Bibliography:

www.mapsofindia.com

1) http://www.sachdevajk.in

2) http://www.merinews.com

3) www.slideshare.net

** *** **


55

Abstract

Green banking is like a normal bank, which considers all the social and environmental /

ecological factors with an aim to protect the environment and conserve natural

resources. It is also called as an ethical bank or a sustainable bank. Green Banking is a

concept which provides a number of ways to conserve natural-resources in Banking

industry. This paper will be prepared with the objectives of finding out the customers

awareness and perceptions towards technology oriented banking.

Keywords: Green Banking, Technology, Banking App

Introduction

The 21st century has changed the way we live, work, and think the growth of high speed

technology has made possible applications undreamed of in the past. The data, images,

video may be transferred around the world within a second. The technical changes have

brought the impact on officers, employees, and customers of banks. Technological

Advancement have allowed the delivery of banking products and services more

conveniently and effectively than ever before.

This explosion of technology is changing the banking industry from paper and branch

banks to digitized and networked banking services. It has changed the whole internal

accounting and management systems of banks. Now there is changing process in the

delivery systems of banks to interact with their customers. The banks have been

struggling to find technological solutions to meet the challenges of the changing

environment. Green Banking has become popular in today's banking world. It will

ensure substantial economic development and promote environmental-friendly

practices as well. Green Banking benefits the nation and environment. A conventional

bank can be a Green Bank by directing its important operations toward the betterment of

environment.

AWARENESS & PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMERS

TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY ORIENTED BANKING:

A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO KARNATAKA BANK APP

Mrs. BhavyaLecturer

Email : [email protected]

Pushpalatha BLecturerEmail: [email protected]

Commerce and Management Department

University College, Mangalore 575002


56

Objectives of the Study

1. To know about the concept of green banking in general.

2. To understand the awareness of customers about KBL Mobile APP.

3. To analyse the perceptions of customers towards KBL Mobile APP.

4. To identify the problems and challenges of the customers in using mobile apps for

banking services.

5. To suggest the measures to the banks to popularise Mobile APP.

Methodology

Primary and secondary data are used for the purpose of study. A questionnaire is used to

collect the primary information from 100 respondents who are the customers of

Karnataka Bank Mangalore. Secondary data is collected from books, journals and

related websites. Only simple statistical tool, the percentage analysis is used for the

analysis and interpretation of the data.

Data Analysis

In July 2015 Karnataka Bank has launched two mobile applications - 'KBL ApnaApp'

and 'KBL m-PassBook'.

KBL-ApnaApp is an Android-based SMS banking application, which will work on the

basis of SMS authentication. Since app works on SMS authentication, there is no need of

GPRS/Wi-Fi connection, except for downloading the app/getting app updations.

KBL-mPassBook is an e-passbook mobile application, which facilitates download and

viewing of account entries on smartphone and tablet. Features such as adding

personalised remarks to transactions and creating personalized ledger are part of this

app.

Both the apps are available to customers free of cost and can be downloaded from the

Google Play Store. In 2016 bank has launched two more apps. One is "KBL smartz app"

on upi platform of NPCI. Second one is "KBL POS MANAGER" for the customers

having POS machine of the bank.

Age Respondents Percentage

20-30

30

30

30-40

40

40

40-50

20

20

Above 50 10 10

Total 100 100


57

Table 1: Age wise classification of respondents

Interpretation: Majority, that is 40% of respondents are in the age group of 30-40, and

minimum that is 10% in the age group of above 50.

Table 2: Educational Status of Respondents

Qualification Respondents Percentage

S.S.L.C 10

10

PUC 10

10

Degree 50 50 Post Graduate

30

30

Total 100 100

Interpretation: The majority that is 50% of respondents are graduates, 30% are

postgraduates and 10% each of respondents are S.S.L.C and PUC.

Table 3: Occupation of respondents

Occupation Respondents Percentage

Business 34

34

Private Employee

36

36

Govt. Employee 20 20 Others 10

10

Total 100 100

Interpretation: 36% of respondents are Private Employees, 34% are Business

men/women, 20% are government employees and 10% are Others.


58

Table 4: Monthly income of Respondents

Monthly Income Respondents Percentage

Less Than 10000

6

6

10000- 25000

20

20

25000 – 50000

46 46 Above 50000

28

28

Total 100 100

Interpretation: 46% of respondents earn monthly income between Rs.25000 to 50000,

28% earn above Rs.50,000, 20% earn between Rs.10,000 to 25,000 and 6% of

respondents earn less than 10000 income.

Awareness of the services provided by the bank through KBL APP: There are several

services provided by the KBL APP such as Balance enquiry, Mini statement, Cheque

status, Deposit account enquiry, Loan account enquiry, Stop payment of cheque, Request

cheque book, Debit card, Fund transfer, Airline ticket booking, Mobile recharge, M-

shopping, DTH top up, utility bill payments, out of which 82% of the respondents are

aware of balance enquiry, 77% are aware of loan account enquiry, and 75% are unaware

of stop payment of cheque, 70% are unaware of cheque status services provided by the

bank.

Usage of KBL APP services by the respondents: 80% of the respondents use KBL APP

for mobile recharge, 65% use for deposit account enquiry, 62% for balance enquiry, 60%

to request debit card, 58% to get mini statement, 54% for loan account enquiry, 42% for

fund transfer, 36% for utility bill payment, and only 5% use for Air line ticket booking.

The percentage rate is not equal to 100 because of multiple choices.

Table 5: Difficulties faced by respondents while using KBL APP


Strongly Agree

52

52

Agree

30

30

Neutral 13 13

Disagree 5 5

Total 100 100


59

The table reveals that 52% of the respondents are strongly agree that they have faced

difficulties while using KBL APP.

Table 6: Recommend others to use KBL MOBILE APP


Strongly Agree

63

63

Agree 20 20 Neutral 7

7

Disagree 10

10

Total 100 100

The table reveals that 63% of respondents are strongly agree to recommend others to use

KBL Mobile APP

Findings

• As per the survey majority(40%) of the respondents belong to the age group of 30-

40 years.

• Mobile Apps provide multiple services under single mobile to the customers

• Access their account 24 hours in a week.(24X7)

• Environment Friendly

• Majority of the respondents are facing technical problems while using mobile apps.

• Customers who generally have less time to spend on activities such as visiting a

bank and want a higher degree of convenience and accessibility prefer Mobile

Banking Services.

Suggestion

• Banks can make customers aware about KBL APP through their websites and

spread the news through the media.

• Providing training and development of relevant skills among bank employees to

guide the people to use more of Mobile Apps.

• Banks should safe-guard the interest of the customers by providing full-fledged

security.

• Reward or Incentive can be given to the users of KBL APP.


60

Conclusion

In this busy world computer and mobiles are playing a vital role. Mobile banking has

many benefits and some drawbacks. It's all based on the user. If we use the service

properly then it is very useful. It is helpful to improve the economy of the country.

Therefore go DIGITAL.

References

http://ddc.aub.edu.lb/projects/business/it-banking.html·

https://www.karnatakabank.com/ktk/FAQ_IB.htm

http://www.academia.edu/14758122/Mobile_Banking_Supervising_System

** *** **


61

EFFECTIVENESS OF VILLAGE WIFI- A PROGRAMME OF DIGITAL INDIA: STUDY WITH REFERENCE

TO BELTHANGADY TALUK

Abstract

India's economy is one of the world's fastest growing, and it is buoyed by a technology

sector that encompasses innovative start-ups, as well as the outsourcing giants India is

known for. By making internet access more inclusive to a greater swathe of the

population, it only serves to grow this. In the digital India concept, most of the

transactions, events and more often everything should be digitalisation. Therefore,

growing concept of digital India, people should aware about internet access and how to

utilise this technology in their day to day work. Under digital India concept one more

project taken by the Indian government, that is village Wi-Fi. To combat this, Indian

government is installing 1050 new Wi-Fi hotspots in areas that lack fast, accessible

broadband. The program is expected to cost $62 billion, and will see towers installed in

villages which locals can connect to via their cell phones. The main objective of the study

is effectiveness of village Wi-Fi a programme of digital India study with reference to

Belthangady taluk, based on this, data will be gathered from the primary sources by

taking 227 respondents from various villages of Belthangady taluk.

Keywords: Digital India, village wi-fi, Internet,

Introduction

Digital India is a campaign launched by the government of India to ensure that

government services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online

infrastructure and by increasing internet connectivity or by making the country digitally

empowered in the field of technology. Digital India was launched by the prime minister

of the Narendra Modi on 1st July 2015 with an objective of connecting rural areas with

high-speed internet networks, improving digital literacy and also beneficiary of other

key government of India schemes, such as Bharath net, make in India, start-up India,

stand-up India, industrial corridors.

Chaithra K.M.Com Final

[email protected]

ChaithraM.Com [email protected]

Sacred Heart College, Madanthyar


62

The digital India programme is a flagship programme of the government of India with the

vision to transform India into a digital empowered society and knowledge economy. In

order to transform the entire ecosystem of public services through the use of information

technology, the government of India launched the digital India programme with the

vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.

The aim of the government is to use digital technology to provide basic development

services to rural areas, according to Indian Ministry of Electronics an Information

Technology official, Aruna Sundararajana as reported by CNN Money. The project will

also bring interactive education and give basic internet access to villages. Indian

government is gearing up to provide Wi-Fi and internet access to its rural citizens.

According to a report by CNN money, the government plans to provide free wireless

internet to over 1000 villages across its vast expanse in a new pilot project called 'Digital

Village'. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of village Wi-Fi

a programme of digital India of Belthangady taluk. Based on this, data gathered through

the survey of 227 respondents from various villages of Belthangady taluk.

Objective of the Study:

1. To know the effectiveness of village Wi-Fi programme of digital India in

Belthangady Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District.

2. To study the perception and effects of villagers towards Wi-Fi programme of

Belthangady Taluk

Hypothesis:

Ho: -There is no Relationship between education qualification and usage of internet of

theRespondents.

H1: - There is relationship between education qualification and internet usage of the

Respondents.

Methodology:

The present study is purely analytical in nature. The researchers have extensively used

primary information in preparing this paper. By taking 227 samples of Villagers as

respondents in the Belthangady taluk under Random Sampling method with structured

questionnaire as well as interview with Taluk officials to know about the working. The

data are being extensively obtained from different websites, volumes, journals and

dailies.


63

Village Wi-Fi:

The government plans to set up Wi-Fi hotspots (mounted on special towers) in these

villages. CNN Money reports that Indian as well as global internet provides are queuing

up for the project, which aims at connecting more than 900 million people in the country.

The government is allocating $62 million (over Rs. 400 crores) in the initial phase of the

project, before it is expanded to the entire country. The aim of the government is to use

digital technology to provide basic development services to rural areas, according to

Indian Ministry of Electronics an Information Technology official, Aruna Sundararajan

as reported by CNN Money. The project will also bring interactive education and give

basic internet access to villages.

The demographical area of Belthangady taluk

The population of Belthangady taluk is 2,46,494 as per census 2001. 48 Gram

panchayats are coming under this taluk. The government planned to implement this

project in the development of rural economy and overall development of the country.

Data Analysis

Profile of Respondents

As per survey, out of 227 respondents, 38% of respondents are of the age group between

20-30 years, 41% are belonging to 30-40 years, 15% are of 40-50 years and 6% are of

above 50 years. As regards to Education qualification, 25% of respondents are illiterates,

43% are of below SSLC, 23% are of PUC and remaining 9% are graduates. As regards to

monthly income, 53% of respondents are earning less than Rs.5000, 28% are earning

between Rs.5000-10000, 16% of are earning between Rs.10000-15000 and remaining

3% are earning more than Rs.15000.

Table 1: Distribution of respondents on the basis of Usage of smart phone:

Usage Respondents Percentage

Yes 165

73

No 62 27

Total 227 100

Above table shows that 73% of respondents are using the smart phone and remaining

27% are not using the smart phone.


64

Table 2: Network opted by the respondents shown in the following table:

Networks Respondents Percentage

Idea 31 14

Airtel 62

27

BSNL 79

35

Jio reliance 37 16 Other 18

8

Total 227 100

From the above table it is clear that out of 227 respondents, 14% of respondents opted

Idea network, 27% opted Airtel, 35% are opted BSNL, 16% are opted Jio reliance and

remaining 8% are opted some other network.

Awareness of internet browsing among the respondents as shown below:

From the study it is found that, 83% of respondents are aware of the internet browsing

and remaining 17% are not having much awareness about the internet browsing.

Table 4: Level of internet usage by the respondents as shown below:

Usage level Respondents Percentage

High 79

34.80

Average 85

37.44

Low 37 16.30

Not using 26

11.45

Total 227 100

As per the survey, 79 respondents are high user of internet, 85 respondents are average

user of internet, and 37 respondents are fall in the category of low user of internet and

remaining 26 respondents not using the internet.

Awareness of digital village Wi-Fi hotspot connection among respondents:

As per the survey, 28% of respondents are aware of digital village Wi-Fi hotspot

connection and remaining 72% are not aware about it.


65

Respondents are making use of free Wi-Fi hot spot connections for browsing:

As per the survey, out of 227 respondents 203 respondents are making use of the free Wi-

Fi hotspot connections and 24 respondents are not interested about it. Out of 203

respondents, 15% of respondents are making use of it for online connection, 44% are for

entertainment, 26% are for getting the information about business and 15% for the

current issues of the economy.

Hypothesis Testing

Ho: -There is no Relationship between education qualification and usage of internet of

the Respondents.

H1: - There is relationship between education qualification and internet usage of the

respondents.

Internetusage

Qualification

High

average

Low

Not using

Total

Uneducated

10

16

12

18

56Bellow SSLC 22 48 21 7 98PUC 31 16 4 1 52Degree 16 5 0 0 21Total 79 85 37 26 227

E = RT * CTN

2x =

(O-E)2E

O

E

(O-E)2

(O-E)2

E

10

19

81

4.26

22

34

144

4.24

31

18

169

0.72

16

7

81

11.57

16

21

25

1.19

48

37

121

3.27

16 19 9 0.47

5 8 9 1.13

12

9

9

1

21

16

25

1.56

4

8

16

2

0 0 0 0

18 6 144 24

7 11 16 1.45

1 6 25 4.170 0 0 0

61.03


66

X2 = 61.03

V= (r-1)*(c-1) = 3*3= 6

For v=1: table value of chi square 12.592

It can be inferred from that the calculate value is 61.03 is more than the table value i.e.

12.596, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected hence, it is concluded that the there is

relationship between qualification and internet usage of the respondents. It can be

understood that the qualification is necessary to use the internet.

Findings

1. It was found that 38% of respondents belongs to the age group of 20-30, 41% of 30-

40, 15% of 40-50 years old and 6%are belongs to above 50 years old. The education

qualificationof the respondent is 25% are uneducated, 43% are below SSLC, 33%

are PUC and 9% are degree.

2. This study shows that, more number of respondents monthly income is below 5000

i.e. 53%, then 28% of fall between Rs.5000 and 10000 , 16% of Rs.10000 to 15000

and the 3% are have above Rs. 15000.

3. From the study it was found that usage of smart phone in village is more.The73% of

respondents using the smart phone at present as per the survey and remaining 27%

of the respondents not having the smart phone. It is found that in the rural village

also there is network connection, 35% respondents are using BSNL network, 27%

are Airtel, 17% are idea users, 16% are using Jio reliance and other network like

Vodafone, docomo users is 8%.


67

4. In the study it was found that the awareness of internet among respondents is more.

87% of respondents have the knowledge about internet access and the 23% are

unknown about internet. Because of lack of knowledge.

5. The study shows that the respondents are usage of the internet at present. We found

that 83% have the aware about internet browsing.

6. It wass found that after the connection of the free Wi-Fi hotspot the 89% of

respondent interested to use this technology. Like online transaction, for getting the

information about trade, current issues

7. The study shows that, some of the respondents are not having the interest to use this

facility because they have the less knowledge about the smart phones, internet

browsing etc.

Suggestion

• The union budget of 2018 presented commitment towards Digital India by

increasing the custom duty on mobile phones from 15% to 20%, these were

expensive for rural people for consumption of smart phones, therefore government

should provide the subsidy rate for smart phones, so poor people can get smart

phones at lowest price.

• The govt may also adopt new technology for the rural development like all the

activities should compulsory take place through the online like in the farewell

shops, financial transactions, PDS Distribution etc. and when the items are

purchased from the shops, that should get the information like it is to be sent by

message.

• There is lack information about the free Wi-Fi hotspot for the people, therefore we

should create the awareness about this programme through the grampanchayats,

NSS students and other institutional programme.

Conclusion

The Indian government take the various programme for economic development of the

country. In that digital India concept is also there, under this programme free Wi-Fi

hotspot connection provided to the public. the government of India to ensure that

government services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online

infrastructure and by increasing internet connectivity or by making the country digitally


68

empowered in the field of technology. Hence any facilities can have provided by the

government, they should analyse the perception and effectiveness of the concept. When

these kinds of facilities provided to the public, there is the chances of misuse of the

technology. There for government or concern authority should take the measures to

control if any kind of misuse will have happened in the society. Human needs are

different, it will change from time to time for different season, lifestyle etc. Hence our

Indian government have lot of responsibility to fulfil the public needs along with that

standard of living of the people and economic development of the country. So, we are the

great Indian have the right to use this type of facility provided by the Indian government

along with that we have lot of responsibility to make success of all this programme.

Reference:

1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

2. https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com

3. meity.govt.in >technical-specifications

** *** **


69

Abstract:

Online shopping is a recent phenomenon in the field of E-commerce. Companies use the

Internet to convey, communicate and disseminate information to sell the product, to take

feedback and also to conduct satisfaction surveys with customers. Various researches

showed that the customers use the Internet not only to purchase the product online, but

also to compare prices, product features and after sale service facilities they will receive

before the purchase the product from a particular store. In this context, a study was

conducted on Online shopping behaviour in Karkala region, Udupi District. The results

of study was that on-line shopping in this region is significantly affected by various

Demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, occupation and income.

Researchers found that most of the respondents prefer cash on delivery as the most

favoured payment method. This study reveals that people in Karkala Region chose

Amazon and Flipkart to be their favourite online shopping portal. In addition, the

respondents were apprehensive about security of private data provided by them.

Keywords: Online shopping, E-commerce, portals, expectation and satisfaction.

I. Introduction

Competing in a high-pressure business scenario has become a challenge for retailers. As

an effective alternative sales channel sellers are looking at internet, which gives them

direct access to target customers. Online retailing (also known as e-tail) is a web-enabled

interface between a retailer and its target consumers for selling products and services on

the web with the facility of ecommerce. These kinds of retailers are also known as e-

tailor. Almost all big retailers are now electronically present on the World Wide Web. The

online shopping environment has gone through a lot of transformation and today it is still

developing in a much diversified way. It has become very popular in the areas of apparel,

arts and handicrafts, books, car rentals, computers and electronics, cosmetics, financial

services, gifts and novelties, etc. Some of the major advantages of personal health care

A STUDY ON CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS AND SATISFACTION LEVEL TOWARDS ONLINE

SHOPPING IN KARKALA REGION

Sowmya. K M.Com (Final)

e-mail id: [email protected]

BhavyashreeM.Com (Final)

e-mail id: [email protected]

Manjunatha Pai Memorial Government First Grade College Karkala


70

items which make it popular among the retailers are: low investment cost, direct access

to target customers, quick return on investment. This kind of retail set-up helps the

retailers to serve their customer quickly and more efficiently by offering them a detailed

portfolio of products and services. On the other hand, availability of the point of

transaction data helps the retailers to analyse and interpret the consumer behaviour of

their target customers. It has become the most efficient way to offer valuable information

to the customers like discounts, promotions, new and existing products as per the

customer requirements and past shopping behaviour. Availability of plenty of

information about the products has increased the confidence level among the consumers.

The increased purchasing power of the Indian customers is set to bring online shopping

boom in India. One of the latest additions to online retail is advertising through social

media websites like Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc. Apart from website technologies,

retail sellers are trying to adopt video, mobile and other social media strategies with a

view to provide richer, more engaging and user friendly experience.

Review of literature:

Dr. A.B Santhi (2017), “A study on the customer satisfaction towards online shopping in

Tirupathi”. This study has been undertaken to understand the factors influencing

customer's online shopping decisions and how these factors affect customer satisfaction.

The result reflects the perception, preferences, and factors influencing satisfaction of

online shoppers in Tirupathi town. Efforts need to be taken to educate the online buyers

on the steps that need to be undertaken while making an online purchase.

M.Rajeshwari (2015), “A study on the customer satisfaction towards online shopping in

Chennai city”. As an effective alternative sales channel sellers are looking at the internet,

which gives them direct access to target customers. Customers not only use the internet

to make purchases but also search for information about the product or service being

purchased.

Habibur Rahman and Lili Han (2011), “customer satisfaction in E-commerce: A case

study of China and Bangladesh”. The use of the internet is no longer limited to those

computer nerds who do it for fun or curiosity. It has opened up tremendous business

opportunities for its own use. Since the consumer to business products and services and

satisfaction with the enterprise itself is constantly changing, such as the emergence of

new technologies, competitors change, and customer needs and expectations change,

etc. will lead to changes in customer satisfaction.

Priya A/P Selvaindran (2015), “customer satisfaction towards online shopping for

amazon” which reveals that marketers able to improve and re-plan their marketing


71

strategies to make sure to satisfy the customer based on their expectations. By fulfilling

the customer satisfaction, customer will repeat purchasing and it will become bridge

between the customer and firms.

Lai Wang Wang and Quoc Liem Le (2015), “customer satisfaction towards online

shopping at electronics” reveals that online shopping draws e-services to customer, it

establish a new service model for electronic shopping centres and also said that 5 factors

will effected on customer satisfaction that is product satisfaction, tangible, empathy,

principal to delivery and efficiency to delivery.

Dr. Gopal and Deepika Jindoliya (2016), “customer buying behaviour towards online

shopping” it reveals that due to adoption of new marketing strategies, which influence

customer to visit the site and make purchases. It gives clear cut data to understand

decision making process of consumers.

Online Consumer Buying Behaviour

Consumer behaviour is very complex and is determined to a large extent by social and

psychological factors. Consumer behaviour can be defined as those acts of individuals

directly involved in obtaining, using and disposing of economic goods and services.

The relevance and importance of understanding consumer behaviour is rooted in modern

marketing. The needs of not even two consumers are the same. Therefore they buy only

those products and services which satisfy their wants and desires. To survive in the

market, a firm has to be constantly innovating and understanding the latest consumer

needs and tastes. It will be extremely useful in exploiting marketing opportunities and in

meeting the challenges that the Indian market offers.

Online consumer behaviour parallels that of offline consumer behaviour with some

obvious differences. The stages of the consumer decision process are basically the same

whether the consumer is online or offline. But the general model of consumer behaviour

needs modification to take into account new factors. In the online model, web site

features along with consumer skills, product characteristics, attitudes towards online

purchasing and perceptions about control over the Web environment play a vital role.

There are parallels in the analogue world, where it is well known that consumer

behaviour can be influenced by store design, and that understanding the precise

movements of consumers in the E-store can enhance sales if goods and promotions are

arranged along the most likely consumer tracks.

Consumer skills refer to the knowledge that consumer has about how to conduct online

transactions. Some products can be easily described, packaged and shipped over the

internet whereas others cannot. Combined with traditional factors such as brand,


72

advertising and firm capabilities, and these factors lead to specific attitudes about online

shopping.

Consumer behaviour regarding the use of internet for shopping varies. Some consumers

either lack access or resist using this new channel of distribution, primarily due to

privacy and security concerns. Other shoppers choose to browse the Web so as to gather

information and then visit the stores to negotiate the purchase face to face with the

retailer. A few visit retail stores first and then buy from an e-retailor. Still others do all the

shopping online: gathering information, negotiating, purchasing and either arranging for

delivery or picking up the merchandise in the store.

Objectives of the study:

The research has been conducted with the following objectives :

1. To study customer behaviour towards online shopping,

2. To identify the factors that determines the choice of online shopping portals of

customers,

3. To determine the popularity and preferred choice of online portals.

Scope of the study

The increasing reach of the Internet among customers has resulted in more and more

retailers providing online avenues for customers to make purchases at the click of the

mouse. Customers not only use the internet to make purchases but also to search for

information about the product or service being purchased. Internet has changed the way

of conducting business. Many businesses have started building up their strategies around

the internet.

This study deals with the customers' expectations and satisfaction level regarding the

product categories that customers purchase online, quality & availability of the product,

mode and speed of delivery of the product, product price/offers provided for online

shoppers, payment options available for the customers and features of the shopping

website such as design, information provided, accessibility and ease of use.

Methodology

The nature of this study is descriptive as well as exploratory and the goal of this research

is to explore the consumer expectations and satisfaction level towards online shopping

and to measure how these factors are extensive. For this reason, a survey was conducted

in Karkala Region to collect primary data by using structured questionnaire which

contains 15 relevant questions regarding online shopping. A convenience random


73

sampling procedure has been used to collect data for this research. The Information

collected during data collection was coded first in MS Excel and tables were generated,

analyzed and interpreted. To find out customers satisfaction level towards online

shopping, researchers used Mean and Standard deviation as Statistical tools. On the basis

of findings based on tabulated information and Observations during data collection,

conclusion was drawn.

Limitations of the study

The present research has few limitations. One limitations among them is that the sample

size. The sample size for this research is 50 respondents. Apart from that, this study can

also be context specific. The respondents for this research were principally from Karkala

Region. This research is limited on the respondent who are purchase goods through

online. The study has limitations also in terms of time constraints.

Data Analysis and Interpretations

The data are analyzed based on the questionnaire responses, the data analysis and

interpretation are shown below.

Table 1 : Demographic profile of respondents:

Gender No. of respondents %

MALE

27

54

FEMALE

23

46

50

100

Age (in years)

No. of respondents

%15 -

20

4

821 -25

15

3026 -30

12

2431 -35

4

836 -40

8

1641 -45

3

646 -50

2

450 and above

2

450

100

Educational Qualification

No. of respondents

%

SSLC

3

6

PUC

4

8

UG 15 30

PG 24 48

MPHIL 2 4

PHD 2 4

50 100

Occupation

No. of respondents

%

GOVT

EMPLOYEE

9

18

PRIVATE

EMPLOYEE

10

20

BUSINESS

8

16

HOUSEWIFE

4

8

OTHERS

8

16

STUDENT

11

22

Total

50

100

Annual income ( in Rupees )

No. of respondents

%

BELOW 120000 25 50

120000 -300000 9 18

300000 - 500000 6 12

500000 AND ABOVE 10 20

Total 50 100

Marital status No. of respondents %

Married 31 62

Unmarried 19 38

Total 50 100


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Volume 4 - 2018

The above table reveals the details about demographic profile of respondents. It is found

that the respondents belong to age group between 18-55 years. Majority of them were

Private employees, Government employees and Students. The sample size was limited to

50, out of them 50 % respondents belongs to the group of below 120000 annual incomes.

1. Preferred choice of shopping portals

Table 2 (a). Clothing

Gender Online Offline Total

Male

8

19

27

Female

12

11

23

Total 20 30 50

In the above data it is surprising to see that majority of males were preferring offline for

clothing and majority of female preferred online for clothing.


75

Gender

Online

Offline

Total

Male 20 7 27

Female 10 13 23

Total 30 20 50

Table 2(b). Mobile phones

In the above it is found that 20 males preferred online for mobile phones and 13 females

prefer offline for mobile phone

Table 2(c). Watches

Gender

online

Offline

Total

Male 16 11 27

Female 10 13 23

Total 26 24 50

The above table reveals that 16 males prefer online and 13 females prefer offline for

watches.

Table 2(d). Electronic Gadgets

Gender

Online

Offline Total

Male 6 21 27

Female 3 20 23

Total 9 41 50

In this table it is interpreted that majority of males (21) and females (20) both prefer

offline for electronic gadgets.

Table 2(e). Cosmetics

Gender Online offline Total

Male

6

21

27

Female

9

14

23

Total 15 35 50

This table shows that majority of males and female both prefer offline for cosmetics.


76

Table 2(f). Literary items

Gender

online

offline

Total

Male 8 19 27

Female 9 14 23

Total 17 33 50

With regards to literary items majority of male and female prefer offline mode than

online.

Table 3 : Frequency of Visiting online portals

Occupation

Daily

Weekly

Once in a month

Occasionally

Whenever I need to shop

Total

Govt. employee

1

3

0

2

3

9Pvt.

Employee 1 3 0 2 4 10

Business 2 4 0 0 2 8

Housewife 1 0 0 0 3 4

Others

0

4

0

2

2

8

Students

1

2

0

4

4

11

Total 6 16 0 10 18 50

From the above data it is clear that 6 respondents visit online portals daily, 16 were

visiting weekly, no one visits once in a month, 10 were visit occasionally and majority

(18) of the respondents visit online portals whenever they need to shop.

Table 4 : Payment Method

Occupation

Cash on delivery

Debit card

Credit card

Net banking

Paytm

Phonepay

Others

Total

Govt. employee

5

0

0

4

0

0

0

9Pvt. employee

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

10Business 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 8

Housewife 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 4Others 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

Students

10

1

0

0

0

0

0

11Total 40 5 1 4 0 0 0 50


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Although there were several online payment modes still majority of respondents prefer

cash on delivery as mode of payment while shopping online. Some of them prefer Debit

card and Net banking.

5. Expectations of respondents towards online shopping portals

Table 5(a) : Websites must have a clear display

Gender Strongly disagree

Disagree

Neither

Agree Strongly

Agree

Total

Male 1 0 2 11 13 27

Female 0 0 2 13 8 23

Total 1 0 4 24 21 50

Majority of respondents agreed that they expect websites must have clear display.

Table 5(b). The payment procedure should not be complicated

Gender Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree Strongly Agree Total

Male 1 2 0 15 9 27

Female 0 0 2 16 5 23

Total 1 2 2 31 14 50

Among 50 respondents 31 agrees and 14 were strongly agree that they expect simplicity

in payment procedure.

Table 5(c). Prices will not matter when shopping online

Gender

Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree

Strongly Agree Total

Male

6

15

4

2

0 27

Female

2

11

5

3

2 23

Total 8 26 9 5 2 50

From the above table it is clear that majority (26) were disagree that prices will not matter

when shopping online.

Table 5(d). There should be quick delivery

Gender Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree


Male 6 15 4 2 0 27

Female 0 1 2 14 6 23

6 16 6 16 6 50


78

The above data reveals that 16 respondents agree and 16 respondents disagree for the

factor there should be quick delivery.

Table 5(e). Discounts and offers

Gender Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree Strongly

Agree Total

Male 1 2 0 14 10 27

Female 0 1 3 11 8 23

Total 1 3 3 25 18 50

This table interprets that 25 respondents were agree and 18 were strongly agree that they

look for more discounts and offers.

Table 5(f) : Wide variety of choices

GenderStrongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree


Male 0 1 2 11 13 27

Female 1 0 0 12 10 23Total 1 1 2 23 23 50

Here, we found that 23 were agreed and 23were strongly agree that there must be wide

variety of choices.

Table 5(g) : Private data must be kept confidential

GenderStrongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree


Male 0 0 3 9 15 27

Female 0 0 1 10 12 23

Total 0 0 4 19 27 50

All the respondents said that the website must maintain confidentiality of private data

provided by the customers.


79

Factors

No. of respondents

Mean

Standard Deviation

1. Display 50 3.82 0.53

2. Search option 50 3.46 3.19

3.

Payment procedure

50

3.88

0.434.

Delivery timings

50

3.56

0.97

5.

Prices offered

50

3.04

1.526.

Discounts and offers

50

3.36

0.837. Variety/ choices 50 3.6 1.048. Security of private data 50 3.76 0.749. Description of the product 50 3.72 0.56

All the above factors are on an average much above the rating scale of neither satisfied

nor dissatisfied and not go beyond satisfied. In an average payment procedure is less

variable factor and search option is highly variable.

7. Favourite E-commerce shopping portal

Amazon

E-bay

Flipkart

Myntra

OLX Snapdeal

Total

Male 13 0 10 0 2 2 27

Female 16 0 7 0 0 0 23

Total 29 0 17 0 2 2 50

Based on table 7, we could rank e-commerce shopping portals as first rank to Amazon,

second rank to Flipkart followed by OLX and Snapdeal.

Findings

Though usage of online shopping by customers is increased, customers still prefer offline

shopping for regular purchase.

Majority of customers have used online shopping and shown willingness to continue but

very few of them have done online shopping earlier and not showing willingness to continue.

Respondents prefer online shopping due to various motives like less price or price discount,

time saving, due to availability of number of sites range and variety of products are available

and customers are having choice to purchase, customers found purchase method very easy as

websites are user-friendly and customers want to avoid hassles of shopping in store.

Majority of respondents are satisfied with online shopping, customers want to see product in

person before buy, customers are having fear of receiving wrong or bad product and could

not return, customers are worried about giving credit card number, and occupation of

respondent is independent of purchase habit. Occupation is not playing any role in product

choice.

Table 6 : Satisfaction level towards online shopping portals


80

Table 4 reveals that majority of respondents were preferring cash on delivery as best payment method.

As per table 2(a), it is surprise to see that majority of Males preferred offline mode for clothing although generally they were not ready to spend more time for shopping.

The table 3(a),3(b) and 3(e) interprets that majority of respondents visit online portals daily and weekly basis and also found that there were respondents who visit online portals whenever they need to shop.

We could rank the online shopping portals based on the data in Table 7 and Chart 1 as first rank for Amazon and second rank for Flipkart followed by OLX and Snapdeal.

Conclusion

An attempt was made in this study to present status of online shopping behaviour in Karkala region. 50 respondents from this place were selected. Opinion from these respondents was collected with the help of well-structured questionnaire. With the help of Data analysis and interpretation finding were drawn by researchers. With the help of findings following conclusion and suggestions were drawn by researchers. From the study, it is concluded that Online shopping give customers best alternative to save money and time. Online shopping portals offers detail product information, easy mode of payment, facility of comparison of price. Success of online shopping depends on its popularity, its brand image and its unique promotional policies.

Acknowledgements:

The authors extend their gratitude to Prof. Shrivarma Ajri.M, the Principal of Manjunatha Pai Memorial Government First Grade College Karkala for providing infrastructural facilities to conduct research. They also extend their gratitude to Divya Prabhu P, Assistant Professor in Management, Manjunatha Pai Memorial Government First Grade College Karkala for guidance and support. They are also thankful to those respondents who spent their valuable time to provide informative data.

References:1. Kothari Pritam P and Maindargi Shivganga S, Study on Customers Attitude towards Online Shopping in India and its

Impact: With Special Reference to Solapur City. In International Journal of Advance Research Ideas and Innovations in Technology, ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295, Volume 2, No. 6).

2. Kaur, Ravjot and et..al (2015), Customers attitude towards online shopping in Chandigarh. In International Journal of management and social Sciences, Research,ISSN2319-4421,Vol-4, No.-3 https://issuu.com/sanjaykumarguptaa/ docs/project_ report_on_consumer_perception

3. http://eprints.utem.edu.my/18953/1/Customer%20Satisfaction%20Towards%20Online%20Shopping

4. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol19-issue6/Version-1/B1906011216.pdf

5. http://www.academia.edu/11861879/A_STUDY_ON_THE_CUSTOMER_SATISFACTION_TOWARD_ONLINE _SHOPPING_IN_CHENNAI_CITY

6. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/customer-satisfaction-toward-online-shopping-provider-marketing-essay-php

7. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/customer-satisfaction-towards-online-shopping-at-electronics

** *** **


81

Abstract

Intellectual Property is a property that arises from the human intellect. It is a product of

human creation. In India intellectual property rights are safely protected and controlled

by well-established statutory and judicial framework. Apart From that, there are many

attorneys and law firm of intellectual property in India in various states. There are 7 main

intellectual property instruments; Patents, Trademarks, Trade Names & Service marks,

Geographical Indications, Industrial Designs, Layout- designs of Integrated Circuits,

Trade Secrets, Copyrights and related rights. The first six are Industrial property rights.

The researcher has collected data from journals and WIPO regarding the recent trends in

India in respect of Intellectual Property Rights. There has been significant increase in the

IPRs in India in recent years. More and more in-house research and development is

achieved. Industries have become more aware about the innovation and introducing

distinct product from the competitors. . If the same pace is maintained or speeded up,

India will be one of the strongest and developed countries in the coming years.

Key words: Intellectual Property Rights, Intellectual Property, Trademark, Patent,

Industrial Designs,

Introduction

In India businesses operate in increasingly competitive environments, where they must

eagerly compete for a position in a given market and be recognised as a leader in their

field for a particular product. There are many different ways that business can achieve

this, often leading to new product developments with innovative and attractive features.

However, a problem for any business that aims to be innovative, concerns how best to

protect the results of their labours from imitation and reproduction by competitors. As a

result of this concern, most countries throughout the world have developed a series of

rules that attempt to protect the results of innovative thinking; and these are generally

referred to as Intellectual Properties. India being a developing and youth country has an

increasing pace of development in the field of Intellectual Property rights.

RECENT TRENDS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN INDIA

Shreenidhi B. S. Assistant Professor


Department of PG Studies in Commerce Besant Evening College, Mangaluru.


82

Literature Review

Moore, A. D., Ed. (1997), in his study revealed about Anthology dealing with the ethical,

philosophical, legal, and practical issues surrounding the ownership of intellectual

property.

The study conducted by Roffe, P. (2000), dealt with the expansion of the intellectual

property system and with its controversial evolution going back to Renaissance Italy.

The authors focuses on such periods as the 1970s when there was a reformist movement

that resulted in the weakening of IPR standards in many countries, and the TRIPS era,

which began in the early 1990s, and pushed IPR standards in the opposite direction.

In the study conducted by Samuelson, P. (1999), he revealed about WIPO and the TRIPS

Council face considerable challenges. To surmount them, they must pay more attention

to economic thinking, attain greater information about technologies, become receptive to

new intellectual property paradigms, and recognise that intellectual property is a

component of intellectual capital, not an end in itself.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and

artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. Intellectual

property is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human

intellect. Intellectual Property is essentially the value that is gained or added to a business

or product from a creative process. There are a lot of different kinds of Intellectual

Property laws, but they all have the same goal; to allow creative thinkers to benefit

financially from and to protect their inventions/ creations. Most Intellectual Property

regimes throughout the world attempt to strike a balance where inventors and business

are able to protect and benefit from their inventions and products, but the public are able

to enjoy and make use of them at the same time. An unfortunate reality of operating in the

commercial world is that competitors and imitators or 'copycats' will attempt to use the

products of business that have invested time, money and energy in the development of

their brands and products to their benefit. If a business makes use of IP laws to protect its

assets, this reduces the likelihood of competitors copying their ideas. In some

circumstances, business rivals will still hope to make subtle changes to designs in the

hope of avoiding claims of IP infringement. However, some IP laws will guard against

even subtly changed products from entering the market

In India intellectual property rights are safely protected and controlled by well-

established statutory and judicial framework. Apart From that, there are many attorneys

and law firm of intellectual property in India in various states. Intellectual Property is a


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Volume 4 - 2018

property that arises from the human intellect. It is a product of human creation. There are

seven main intellectual property instruments such as Patents; Trademarks, Trade Names

& Service marks; Geographical Indications; Industrial Designs; Layout- designs of

Integrated Circuits; Trade Secrets; Copyrights and related rights.


1. To know the growth of Intellectual Properties in India.

2. To know the scientific development of India in the field of Intellectual Property.

3. To find out the awareness among the inventors regarding the Intellectual Property

Rights.

Methodology

The researcher has collected data regarding the recent trends in IPRs in India from

various articles and journals. The primary data was collected by referring to various

articles and journals. Available secondary data was extensively used for the study.

Scope and Limitations

The researcher has done a study on the recent trends in Intellectual Property Rights in

India. It studies about the recent developments of Intellectual Properties in India with the

World. The study is based on the statistics in the articles and journals available.

Analysis and Interpretation

1. Following table shows the details of patent applications and registration from India;

Interpretation: There has been an increasing trend in the resident and people from abroad

applying for the patent. A mixed trend is noticed in case of Non-residents

2. Following table shows the number of patents granted to the applicants;


84

Interpretation: In 2016, the Patents granted are the highest compared to other years. Out

of the people who applied for the patent, residents were granted 1,115 patents,

Non-residents were granted 7,133 and Indians who were abroad were granted 5.551

patents.

3. The following table shows the total Patents that were in force;

Interpretation: In the year 2016, highest patents were in force i.e., 49,575 patents

4. The following table and chart shows the number of applications received for the

Trademarks;


85

Interpretation: The number of applications received for the registration of trademarks in

2016 were 2,64,662 in case of residents, 48,961 in case of non-residents and only 29,936

from abroad.

5. The following table and chart shows the actual Trademarks registered;

Interpretation: Out of the actual Trademarks registered during 2016, resident

Trademarks were highest being 1,58,415. The trademarks registered from non-residents

were 43,573 and from abroad were only 24,382

6. The following chart and table shows the applications received for Industrial Designs;

Interpretation: The applications received for Industrial Designs in 2016 were 6,753 from

residents, 3,920 were from non-residents and only 1,129 were from abroad.


86

7. The following table and chart shows the number of industrial designs registered

during 2016;

Interpretation: The actual industrial designs registered from India in 2016 were 4,901

from residents, 2,430 from non-residents and only 1,030 from abtroad.

Findings

The following are the findings of the study undertaken:

1. It was clearly found that there has been a significant growth in the field of

Intellectual Properties in India which is indicated by the increasing number of

applications received for the registration of IPRs.

2. The scientific inventions in India are increasing at a very slow rate. The number of

Trademarks registered is far more than that of patent and industrial designs which

need scientific research.

3. Inventors are much aware of the Intellectual Property rights in the recent years as

there is a significant increase in the applications received for the IPRs.

4. The patents registered by the residents are very less when compared to that of non-

residents and abroad.

Suggestions

Indian residents should be encouraged for more inventions. They should be made aware

about the IPRs. They lack knowledge about their inventions is the main reason for very

few registration of the IPRs out of large applications. Inventors should be educated

regarding this. Government should encourage the inventors to get their inventions

legally secured.


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Volume 4 - 2018

Conclusion

India being a developing country has developed significantly in the recent years in the

field of Intellectual Property Rights. The industrial sector of the county has started giving

more importance on the in-house research and development. Each industry is trying to

introduce a unique product than from its competitor to the market. Innovation has

become the basic factor of the product mix of the industries. If the same pace is

maintained or speeded up, India will become one of the strongest and developed

countries in the coming years.

References

1. Intellectual Property Rights; https://en.wikipedia.org

2. Intellectual Property; www.unlockthelaw.co.uk

3. Statistical Country Profiles; http://www.wipo.int

4. Intellectual Property Rights; www.slideshare.net

5. Moore, A. D., Ed. (1997) Intellectual Property: Moral, Legal, and International Dilemmas. Lanham and

Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers

6. Roffe, P. (2000) “The political economy of intellectual property rights – an historical perspective”.

Governance, Development and Globalization: A Tribute to Lawrence Tshuma J. Faundez, M. E. Footer and

J. J. Norton (eds.). London, Blackstone Press: 397- 413.

7. Samuelson, P. (1999) “Challenges for the World Intellectual Property Organization and the Trade-related

Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Council in regulating intellectual property rights in the information

age.” European Intellectual Property Review 21(11): 578-591.

** *** **


88

Abstract:

This study has been undertaken to understand and to find the level of satisfaction of

customers on the security in online transaction ,threats in online transaction , the various

e- buying modes and the security of online transaction, and to suggest way to overcome

the threats in online transaction. Descriptive Research Design has been used for this

study. A well structured questionnaire was designed and administered to collect samples

across Mangalore city. Due to the need for a variety of respondents who had previous

experience with online shopping, convinced sampling technique was chosen. The study

has been undertaken with reference to a sample size of 100 respondents. The statistical

tool percentage analysis has been used to interpret the data. Studies have shown that the

financial services industry has become a primary target of cyber-attacks on a global

scale. To aid in this process, this paper will provide insight into threats to the online

transaction in the financial services industry. The result of this study may be of great use

to the increase the awareness about the use and security of online transaction of

customers.

Keywords: online shopping, online security, online threats, customer satisfaction

Introduction

When a person buys a product or a service over the internet, instead of going to a

traditional brick-and-mortar store, it is called online shopping. Globally, an increasing

number of people are buying over the internet because it is more convenient, faster and

sometimes also cheaper. It is easy to make payment online as various options are offer to

consumers. To make the online purchase attractive various discounts are given by the

organizations from time to time. A person can purchase almost anything online starting

with groceries and greeting cards to cell phones and ringtones for the cell phones,

everything can be purchased online. Many people are purchasing rail and air tickets over

the Internet. In addition, people and corporate as well, are also purchasing a variety of

services online such as a broking service or job search service. While online shopping is

A STUDY ON THE SECURITY OF ONLINE TRANSACTIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANGALORE CITY

Alphy DevasiaII MCom

Amrutha M JohnsonII MCom

St. Agnes College for Post Graduate Studies and Research

Mangalure- 575002.


89

still not very big in India, the numbers are growing every year. According to the Internet

& Mobile Association of India, e-commerce transactions, not counting travel, crossed Rs

2,300 crore or 10% of the organized retail market in 2006-07.

Literature Review

In the year 2012 Jagdish Pathak 4 had done an article on the topic “Information Systems

(IS) Audit Services & Design of Mechanism for the future E-commerce”. He focuses on

the economic reasoning of business process design. He decided to go for development of

a secure online auction protocol as an attempt at applying the design of mechanism

reasoning framework in the direction of information systems audit and control of

ecommerce.

An article written by Ian D. Mitchell in the year 201214 about the “Third-Party Tracking

Cookies and Data Privacy” In this paper he argues that the presumption going forward

regarding third-party tracking should be that, in addition to default “opt-out” rules, a

combination of government and industry forces needs to come together in order to

achieve comprehensive regulation that meets the needs of individual data privacy and

successful commerce.


• To find the level of satisfaction of customers on the security in online transactions.

• To find the threats in online transactions.

• To suggest ways to overcome the threats in online transactions.

Methodology

The data is collected from Primary and secondary sources. In this survey primary data

collected through the distribution of questionnaire to 100 respondents and secondary

data collected by referring various magazines, books, articles, web-sites etc.

Limitations

• Some of the respondents were not co-operative to answer the questionnaire.

• The study was undertaken only for a particular period.


From the study it is found that out of 100 respondents, 54 are Male and 46 are Female.

Chart No. 1: Bar chart showing distribution of respondents on the basis of their age

group:


90

Interpretation: The above chart shows that out of 100 respondents, 20% of them are 15-

20 age groups, 42% of them are 21-30 age groups, 30% of them are 31-40 age group and

8% of them are above 40 years of age.

Representing the number of respondents on the basis of their occupation:

Table 1: Occupation of Respondents

OCCUPATION Frequency Percent

Professional

28

28

Student

35

35

Self-Employed

25

25

Others

12

12

Total 100 100

Interpretation: The above table shows that out of 100 respondents, 28% are

professionals, 35% are student, 25% are self-employed and remaining12% are of other

occupations.

Distribution of respondents who prefer to do online transactions:

From the study it is found that 41% of respondent are prefer to do online transactions

because of availability of more variety of products, 33% because of fast and convenient,

and remaining 26% because of cheaper price.

Representation of number of respondent on reading the terms & condition

Table 2: Awareness of terms & condition

Terms and condition Frequency Percent

Yes

68

68

No

32

32

Total 100 100


91

Interpretation: The above table shows that 68% are reading the terms and condition of

online transaction and remaining 32% are not reading it.

Representing the distribution of respondents on the basis of mode of online payment used

by them:

Table 3: Mode of online payment

Online payment Frequency Percent

Credit Card

25

25

Net Banking

34

34 Cash On Delivery

20

20

Others

21

21

Total 100 100

Interpretation: The above table shows that 34% of the respondents are making payment

through net banking, 25% are through credit card, 20% are by cash on delivery, and

remaining 21% are through any other mode of payment.

Representing the number of respondents on the basis of problems faced in online

transaction:

Table 4: Problems faced in online transactions

Problems faced in online transaction Frequency Percent

Valid

Account Hacking 20 20

System/Connection Failure

39

39

Deduction Of Excess Amount

30

30

Delivery Product Changed

11

11

Total 100 100

Interpretation: From the above table it is found that 39% of the respondents faced

problem of system/connection failure, 30% faced problem of deduction of excess

amount from the account, 20% faced problem of account hacking, remaining 11% faced

problem of product changed at the time of delivery.


92

Representing the number of respondents on the basis of fraud experienced in past year:

Table 5: Happenings of fraud

Fraud experienced in past year Frequency Percent

Phishing/Vising 9 9.0

Ip Theft 13 13.0

Information Theft, Loss or Attack 12 12.0

Net Banking Breach

15

15.0

Credit/Debit Card

21

21.0

Mobile Device

16

16.0

Bill Pay

14

14.0

Total 100 100.0

Interpretation: The above table shows that 21 of them responds to credit/debit card, 16 of

them responds to mobile devices, 15 of them responds to net banking breach, 12 of them

responds to information theft/loss of attack, 13 of them responds to IP theft, 14 respond to

bill pay and 9 responds to phishing/vising.

Distribution of respondents on the basis of financial loss incurred during online activity:

From the study it is found that 58% of the respondents suffered financial loss or victim of

online activity.

Findings:

• 37% of respondents agreed the security and privacy of online transaction.

• 41% of the respondent prefers online shopping because of more variety of products

and 33% of them prefer online shopping because of fast and convenient.

• Biggest challenges to fraud prevention is that inadequate fraud detection tools and

lack of awareness.

• The problem faced in online transaction system/connection failure, deduction of

excess amount, account hacking and delivery product changed.

• The fraud experienced in the past year is due to, credit/debit card fraud, IP theft, bill

pay, information theft/ loss or attack and phishing.

• 40% of the respondents are victim of financial loss and have moderate impact on the

financial fraud.


93

Suggestions

• Sign up for a trusted system. PayPal is generally the most trusted purchasing system

on the Internet. They offer many possible solutions for connecting your credit card

or bank account into a single PayPal account.

• Never give out passwords or user ID information online unless you know who you

are dealing with. There is no reason to put so much information into the Internet

unless you have a good reason for doing so.

• Keep records of all of your Internet transactions. Watch your credit card statement

for the charges and make sure they're accurate.

• The information you enter on the Web site should be kept confidential. Make sure

you read the company's privacy policy to ensure that your personal information

won't be sold to others.

Conclusion

The online shopping becomes popular and growing at a higher pace nowadays. The

internet boom and competition in online market provides better options for customers at

lowest possible costs. Customization of products, Easy accessibility, saving of time and

cost etc. are the major advantages of online transactions. The various e-buying modes of

online transactions are credit/debit card, net banking, cash on delivery. However, Safety

of payment, credibility of service providers, online frauds, phishing etc. are some of the

threats in online transactions. By using anti-virus, changing the password more often,

going through the well-known and trust worthy site etc. a person can control the

problems faced in online transaction.

References:

1) Jagdish Pathak, Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, October 2012, Accounting and

Auditing Working Paper No. 001/02.

2) Ian D. Mitchell, Northern Kentucky University - Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Vol. 10, No. 22, pp. 225-

239, April 25, 2012.

** *** **


94

Abstract:

Indian retailing is at all time growth today. The retail industry is flooded with

opportunities. Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for 14

to 15 percent of its GDP. The main focus of this paper is to highlight the consumer

perceptions and satisfaction level towards organized retail stores and the growth trends

in organized retail sector and the future growth prospects of Indian retail sector. The

study on customer satisfaction is limited to few retail outlets in Mangalore region, so the

results cannot be generalized. The findings of the study contribute to the understanding

of customer shopping behavior and their attitude and intention towards retail stores in

Mangalore.

Key words: GDP, Consumer perceptions, Organized retail, Indian retail sector.

Introduction

In today's competitive market consumers are the kings and decision makers. The

behavior pattern of the Indian consumers has undergone a major change in the organized

retail sector. Consumers today see an exciting explosion of choices, new categories and

new shopping options and have increasing disposable income to fulfill their aspirations.

The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast-paced

industries due to the entry of several new players. The future of the Indian retail industry

looks promising with the growth of the market, with the government policies becoming

more favorable and the emerging technologies facilitating its operations. Retailing is the

most prominent element of marketing where the marketer meets the ultimate consumer

who exchanges value for the product and thus sanctions the very existence of business.

Retailer is a person for making available the desired product in desired size at desired

times to a customer. Retailers are contributing to the general economy and are also a part

of fabric of society itself. In the beginning there were only kirana stores or the mom and

pop stores, the friendly neighborhood stores selling every day needs.

A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ORGANIZED RETAIL OUTLETS IN MANGALORE

REGION OF KARNATAKA STATE

Rukhiya Harshida H M.Com (Final)

Email Id- [email protected]

Ailinda MarweinM.Com (Final)Email id: [email protected]

Shree Gokarnanatheshwara College, Mangalore.


95

Traditional formats:

1.Melas

2.Haats

3. mandis, etc

Established forms:

1. Kirana shops

2.Covenience/Department stores

3.co-operative stores

4. Fair price shops

Emerging formats:

1.Exclusive retail outlets

2.Hypermarkets

3.Internet retail

4.Multiplexes

5.Rural oriented formats.

6. Fast food outlets

7. Mall/Speciality malls

The evolution of retail in India

Classification of Retail Industry:

Indian retail sector comprises of organized and unorganized retail sector. Organized

retail sector refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who

are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. The organized sector is largely concentrated

in big cities. Organized retail business in India is very small but has tremendous scope.

This is despite the fact that India is one of the biggest markets. The organized retail

corporate includes hypermarkets, supermarkets and retail chains and also privately

owned large retail business. The purchasing power of the Indian urban consumer is

growing and branded merchandise in categories like apparels, cosmetics, shoes,

watches, beverages, food and even jewellery are slowly becoming life style products that

are widely accepted by the urban consumers.

Unorganized retail refers to traditional format of low cost retailing such as the kirana or

grocery shops, owner manned general stores, cigarette shops, convenience stores, hand

cart, pavement vendor etc. Unorganized retailing is the most abundant and visible form

of retailing in India. Traditionally the retail market in India was largely unorganized;

however with changing consumer preferences, organized retail is gradually becoming

popular.


1. To study the changes in buying behavior of customers towards organized retail

stores.

2. To find out the satisfaction level of customers towards organized retail stores.

3. To give suggestions to organized retail stores to retain the customers in the long run.


96

Volume 4 - 2018


Primary data about the changing customer behavior has collected through questionnaire.

A sample size of 50 customers is taken randomly. The sample size is limited to the

visitors of few retail stores in Mangalore. Secondary data sourced from Internet and

various books relating to retailing.

Findings of the Study

1. From the study it is found that more than 80% of respondents were between the age

group of 20 to 40 years. The market was dominated by young population.

2. There is a drastic change in the shopping frequency of customers in Mangalore

region. Nearly 75 % of respondents always visit retail stores for food and grocery

products. The remaining 25% visits occasionally or rarely.

3. The customers today are more quality conscious. 70% of respondents consider

quality while making purchases and remaining 30% consider price.

4. 92% of respondents opined that the supermarkets and other convenient retail store

in Mangalore are satisfactory.

5. From the study it is found that After-sale services also have tremendous impact on

attracting customers. 70% of respondents said that the services offered by the retail

stores attract them for their impulse buying.

6. It is found that 74% of the respondents are brand loyal and only 26% are don't mind

brand names when making purchases.

7. From the study it is found that 45% of consumer use supermarkets when shopping

for food and grocery product, 15% often use neighborhood stores and remaining

40% often purchase from malls.

8. It is found that 65% of respondents opined that the overall satisfaction level of retail

system available in Mangalore is good and 25% have found it excellent and only

10% found it average.

9. From the study it is found that the retail outlets in Mangalore are convenient and

updated with new products and facilities.

10. The majority of the respondents are of the opinion that shopping in organized retail

like supermarkets, malls and departmental stores motivate them for unplanned

purchase.


97

Suggestions

1. Proper customer service department should be maintained so that they can retain

customers.

2. Young customers demand branded products at reasonable price.

3. Proper communication system should be maintained.

4. Better offers for loyal customers.

5. Quick responses must be given to customers on time to their queries.

Conclusion

The study helped in understanding the retail sector and the format of organized retail

sector in India and also helped in understanding the customer behavior and perceptions

while making purchases in retail stores and also about the factors that they consider while

making purchases. The findings of the study contribute to the understanding of customer

shopping behavior and their attitude and intention towards retail stores in Mangalore. A

huge potential retail market is waiting to explore in India. India is now becoming a very

important market and in terms of investment, it will be one of the countries where the big

players will invest the most in the future.

References

• Bajaj, Chetan, Rajnish Tuli and Nidhi Varma Srivastava. Retail management, Third Edition, Oxford

University Press, India, 2016.

• Pradhan, Swapna. Retailing management: Text and Cases. McGraw Hill Education, India, 2017.

• Berman, Barry, Joel R. Evans and Ritu Srivastava. Retail Management, Thirteen Edition, Pearson, India,

2018.

• www.ibef.org

• www.ijariie.com

• www.google.co.in

• www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

** *** **


98

Abstract

The online marketing activities can offer lot of opportunities for companies to market

themselves and their products inexpensively and effectively. But they need to exercise

considerable care to ensure that their techniques don't get them into legal or other

difficulties. Applying good ethical standards to the online world is a direct reflection of

one's business online. E-marketing has its ability to show the presence of the product

dynamically. Marketing has its own meaning to say creating a desire and awareness

about the product in the minds of people to purchase the product. In today's world of

Information Technology everyone wants to complete their task in very shorter duration

and with little effort. Soit may give a rise toviolation of personal informationin e-

marketing.This paper throws a light on the customer's perception in e-marketing on the

privacy of information and to know their trust on e-marketing regarding security of

personal information. For the purpose of the study both primary and secondary data has

been collected. Primary data has been collected through the distribution of

questionnaire to respondents. Secondary data has been collected from the internet and

magazines.

Key words: Customers, Privacy of information, E-marketing.

Introduction

Electronic-Marketing is the lifeblood of modern business. Electronic Marketing can be

viewed as a new philosophy and a modern business practice involved with the marketing

of goods, services, information and ideas through the Internet and other electronic

means. Electronic marketing has become one of the essential characteristics in the

Internet era. Nowadays generally people are seeking for some ways in which they can

make their shopping simple and fast and of course in a secure manner. Electronic

marketing means using digital technologies to sell goods or services. The basis of

marketing remains the same as creating a strategy to deliver the right messages to the

PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMERS ON PRIVACY POLICY IN E –MARKETING: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO

CUSTOMERS OF MANGALORE TALUK

LavanyaM.Com (Final)

University CollegeMangaluru-575001

Email:[email protected]

ChethanMBA (Previous Year)MSNM Besant Institute of P.G. StudiesBondel , Mangaluru -575008Email: [email protected]


99

right people. Consumers are able to shop wide variety of products from manufacturers as

well as from retailers all over the world. They are able to view these products and access

information about the products, visualize the way the products may fit together, and then

order and pay for their choices. The Internet has changed modern business and presented

a new paradigm of business relationships and transaction. The most crucial issue that

Internet consumers have identified is fear and distrust regarding loss of personal

information.


• To know the perception of customers in e-marketing on the privacy of information

• To know their trust on e-marketing regarding security of personal information


For the purpose of the study both primary and secondary data has been collected. A

scheduled questionnaire was prepared and collected information through survey

method. Secondary data has been collected from the books, newspaper and various

websites.

Limitations of the Study

• The sample size may not be very large to generalize the result

• Time constraint is one of the major limitations of the study.

• The study is only limited to the mangaluru taluk.


Demographic Profile of the Respondents: Study reveals that out of 50 respondents, 48%

are male and 52% are female. Therefore it is clear that majority of the respondents are

female. As regards to age group of respondents, 6% of respondents were in the age group

of below 18 years, 86% were in the age group of 18-35 years, 6% were in the age group of

35-50 years and 2% were in the age group of above 50 years. As regards to educational

qualifications of the respondents, data analysis reveals that out of 50 respondents,

majority 60% of the respondents were belongs to graduation, 34% were belongs to post

graduation and 6% were belongs to PUC and below. As regards to level of income of

respondents, it is found that out of 50 respondents, majority 40% of the respondents were

belongs to income level of below Rs.20000, another 40% belongs to Rs.20000-30000

income group, 14% were belong to income of 30000 and above and only 6% of them

were having no income.


100

Representing the number of Respondents Aware of E-Marketing

Table 1: Awareness of E-marketing

Response

Number of respondents

Percentage

Yes

50

100

No 0 0

Total 50 100 Interpretation: An analysis of table 1 reveals that out of 50 respondents, all the

respondents aware of the e-marketing.

Representing how often respondents make use of Online Shopping:

Table 2: Use of online shopping

Response

Number of respondents Percentage

Always

03

6

Frequently 0 0

Sometimes 41 82

Rarely 06 12

Not at all

0

0

Total 50 100

Interpretation: An analysis of table 1 reveals that out of 50 respondents, all the

respondents aware of the e-marketing.

Representing how often respondents make use of Online Shopping:

Table 3 : Frequence of use of online shopping

Response Number of respondents Percentage

Company registration 0 0 Popularity

43

86

Existency

7

14

Total

50

100

Interpretation: An analysis of table 3 reveals that out of 50 respondents, majority 86% of

the respondents make sure through companies popularity and 14% of the respondents

make sure through companies existency.


101

Volume 4 - 2018

Representing the personal information asked by the respondents while purchasing goods

at the site

Table 4: Responses on personnel information

Response

Number of

respondents

Percentage

Yes

50

100

No 0 0

Total 50 100


respondents (100%) were asked to provide the personal information at the site where

they purchase.

Representing the concern of the respondents about the privacy of information.

Table 5: Responses on private information

Response


Percentage

Less

0

0

Some what

1

2

More

44

88

Much more 5 10

Total 50 100


the respondents were more concerned about the privacy of information, 10% were much

more concerned about the privacy of the information, where as 2% were somewhat

concerned about the same.

Representing the opinion of the respondents on the violation of privacy when the internet

transactions are recorded without their knowledge

Table 6: Responses on the violation of privacy


Yes 50 100 No

0

0

Total

50

100


102


respondents (100%) were of the opinion that recording their online transactions without

their knowledge is a violation of privacy.

Representing the opinion of the respondents about the importance of their consent when

sites track their personal information.

Table 7: Importance of consent

Response


Percentage

Very important

33

66

Some what

16

32

Neutral

1

2

Unimportant 0 0

Total 50 100

N=50 Source of data: Survey


the respondents were of the opinion that their consent is very important, 32% were

opined that their consent is somewhat important and only 2% have neutral opinion on the

same.

Representing distribution of respondents on the basis of e-marketing evaluation.

Table 8: E-marketing evaluation


Poor 5 10 Average

35

70

Good 10

20

Excellent

0

0

Total 50

100


the respondents were evaluated the e- marketing as average, 20% were evaluated it as

good, whereas 10% were evaluated it as poor.


103

Findings

1. It is found that the majority that is 52% of the respondents were female.

2. The study states that the majority (86%) of the respondents belong to the age group

of 18 to 35years.

3. The majority (60%) of the respondent were graduates.

4. The majority (40%) of the respondents income is below 20000 and 20000-30000.

5. The study states that all the respondent were aware of E-marketing .

6. It is found that majority (82%) of the respondents some time make use of online

shopping.

7. The study reveals that majority (86%) of the respondents make sure that the E-

marketing company is fake or genuine through its popularity.

8. It is found that all the respondents were asked to provide personal information at

web site while they purchase.

9. The majority (88%) of the respondents were more concerned about the privacy of

information.

10. The study reveals that all the respondents were in the opinion that sites recording

their internal transaction without their knowledge to be a violation of privacy.

11. It is found that majority (66%)of the respondents were in the opinion that their

consent is very important when sites track their personal information.

12. The study states that the majority (70%) of the respondents were evaluated E-

marketing as average.

Suggestions

1. Government must take into account the ethical violation of privacy in e-marketing.

2. In the modern days even the e-business lacks ethics, especially in the field of

privacy policy, but the customers are more concerned about their privacy of

information. So it is important for all the companies to be ethical and to retain the

personal information of their customers with them itself without any violation of the

law.

3. It is also the duty of customers to safeguard their information. So they must be aware

before transacting with such kind of websites

4. When there is equal coordination is possible from government , customers as well

as from the e-marketers it is also possible to achieve ethical standards regarding

privacy in e-marketing


104

Conclusion

As generations evolve and technology develops, the advancement in the field of

marketing and advertisements has been immense. No longer are businesses bound by the

limitations of traditional marketing techniques. The old has been heavily replaced by the

new. One of the newest and most effective strategies has been of online marketing, which

is the topic that this whole e-book was centered on. Online marketing utilizes the internet

and its wealth of resources for promotional, profile-raising purposes.For businesses and

entrepreneurs who want to stay on top of the freshest and most attractive deals and sales

going on in the world, internet marketing is a necessity, not a choice. This method of

marketing has lifted the business domain to new heights. In order to maintain the same, e-

marketers must have to protect the safety and security of the personal information of the

consumers. It is not only the duty of e –marketers but also the consumers have to

concentrate on the unauthorized transactions in e- marketing. Government must have to

strengthen the legal policies related to privacy in online transactions.

References

1) Srivastava,Vibhava and Januj Nandan. A study of perceptions in society regarding unethical practices in in

e- marketing. In South Asian Journal of Management.

2) http://managementstudyguide.com/e-marketing-ethic.htm?

** *** **


105

Abstract:

The role of women in a family has undergone a change throughout the world due to

changed economic conditions and social demands. The current style of living of a family

demands its female members to opt for a job. The employed women have to establish a

balance between work and her personal/family life. The ever-increasing work pressure

in teaching profession is taking a toll on the teachers leaving them with less time for

themselves. Due to increased responsibilities and demanding deadlines teaching as a

profession is progressively becoming a rather stressful occupation. This paper is an

attempt to explore the factors that induce stress among working women in teaching

profession while balancing their personal and professional life. The data for the study is

based on survey by a structured questionnaire among the female teaching professionals

covering seventy respondents in the study area.

Keywords: Job Stress-Teaching, Occupational Stress, Job Stress-Women

Introduction

Teaching profession not only demand the teacher's time in the institution but also extend to his/her home so as to get prepared for the following day, apart from maintaining student records and attending to various institutions related functional requirements. Each day a teacher has to face new challenges and there are a lot of life changing decisions they have to make. Some of those challengers can be classes, difficulties with the schedule, academic and financial issues. At times it seems impossible to find balance between students and friends, family, part time or full-time jobs and relationships. Unbalanced work life leads to stress in the employees. Stress is the feeling that is created when we react to particular events. Positive stress is called Eustress, stress is at times not helpful and can even be harmful when not managed effectively. Stress is a state of psychological and physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and motivation to meet those needs. It can make you feel threatened or upset. It is always considered that women those who are employed normally experience higher rate of stress compared to their counterparts. However, with the advancement in educational and training institutions, things have

JOB STRESS AMONG WOMEN EMPLOYEES WITH REFERENCE TO TEACHING PROFESSION:

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

TharaMBA (Final)


SurakshaMBA (Final)Email: [email protected]

MSNM Besant Institute of PG Studies, Bondel, Mangalore.


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improved largely. The overall aim of this study was to know about work related stress in women in teaching profession and their coping strategies.

Review of Literature

Mahindra Bhattacharya and Jha, S.S (2007) has analysed on the topic “Stress in the organizational context” to show that retrospect fit, psychological strain and anticipated fit, is a better predictor of behavioural strain. Work–family balance reflects an individual's orientation across different life roles, an inter-role phenomenon (Marks and MacDermid, 2006).

Biswar (1998) studied “the influence of life style stressors – performance, frustration, threat and physical damage on organizational commitment and job involvement of manager, supervisors and workers of large and medium public and private sector organization”. Mazerall and Lorraine Margaret (2003) have given their opinion on “Stress Management with the Manufactures and Environment”

Grossman, (2001) opined as the knowledge economy has created greater access for women coupled with factors such as changes in marital patterns and smaller families. This has led to an increase in the number of working women and, hence, working mothers.

Sunita Malhotra and Sapna Sachdeva (2005) found that the gift of this knowledge era for women is occupational opportunity and mobility. However, this gift has become a great challenge for the working women of today as they are not only exposed to the same working environment as men but in turn are also exposed to the pressures created by the multiple role demands and conflicting expectations. By fulfilling their economic needs, employment has no doubt made women independent with an identifiable social status but it has also made them to juggle into two main domains of life- work and family. They have stepped into work place but the role responsibilities of women still remain the same, i.e., women may be a top executive, still the nurturing or care giving roles are considered much a part of feminine roles.


The objectives of the study are as follows:

1. To examine the various factors contributing to stress among women in teaching profession.

2. To identify the impact of the stress on women in teaching profession.

3. To analyse the mental and physical stress among women in teaching profession.

4. To know the motivational factors of the women in teaching profession.

5. To determine suitable stress coping measures.

Motivational factors Number of Respondents Percentage

Personal satisfaction 25 36

Financial independence

9

13

Support from family

27

39

Constructive utilization of time

6

8

other

3

4

Total 70 100


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Descriptive type of research design is employed in the study. This type of research deals

with quality of responses from the respondents, attitudes, interests, technical skills,

experience, behavioral, beliefs and values, emotions, personality, self concept etc.

Primary data was collected by survey method administering questionnaire to 70

respondents. Questionnaire was distributed to the teaching faculties belonging to various

disciplines. Secondary data was collected from books, journals and articles available on

internet.


1. Study is restricted only to the female faculty members.

2. The information given by the women employees may be biased.

3. Hesitation in providing information by the Women.

Data analysis

Demographic representations of the Respondents

From the study it was found that, as regards to qualification of the respondents, 26% of

the respondents were of the qualification of PhD/M.Phil, 44% were of Post Graduates,

15% were of B.Ed, 5% were of TCH, and remaining 10% were graduates. As regards to

type of family of the respondents, 56% of the respondents were from Joint Family and

remaining 44% were from nuclear family. As regards to age group of the respondents,

16% of the respondents were of the age group of 20-25, 54% were of the age group of 25-

30, 16% were of the age group of 30-35, 14% were of the age group of 45-60. As regards

to marital status of the respondents, 71% of the respondents were married and remaining

29% were unmarried.

Table 1: Motivational Factors of the respondents to work


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From the above table it is clear that family support motivates 39% of respondents, 36% of respondents are motivated through personal satisfaction. 13% of respondents believe that financial independence motivates them to work, constructive utilization of time motivates 8% of respondents and only 4% of respondents motivated by other factors.

Stress inducing factors

From the study it is found that 20% of respondents agreed that they worry about the termination and layoffs in organization, 57% agreed that they are able to meet the demands of the job, 50% were comfortable to work with latest technologies in the organization, 47% were agreed that they were able to receive support from boss, colleagues and juniors, 51% were strongly agreed that they received support from family members and only 4% were disagreed that they were not getting family support. 41% respondents agree that they miss out quality time with their family and friends because of work pressure. 40% respondents are disagreed that they were suffering from stress related diseases like hypertension, obesity, diabetes, frequent headaches, etc. and only 11% of respondents agree with this statement. 37% of respondents disagree that they experience excessive work load and 31% are strongly agree with this statement. 44% of respondents disagree that they work for long hours. 33% respondents are agreeing that they worry about work and 4% of respondents are strongly disagreed that they worry about the work.

Effect of work on balancing of work and family commitments

From the study it is found that Out of 70 respondents, 47% of respondents opined that 'hours of work' sometimes affect their work life commitments, 39% said that overtime work affect sometimes and 14% respondents said that overtime work always affects. 50% respondents said that working on holidays affect their work-life commitments, 50% of respondents said that work from home after office hours affect sometimes and for 10% of the respondents it always affects their family commitments. 33% respondents are on the opinion that travelling away from home does not affect in balancing their work life and 17% respondents are of the opinion that travelling away from home affect many times to them.

Table 2: Attitude towards work balance and family commitments.

Factors Does not

affect (%)

Affect

(%)

Affect Many

times (%)

Always

affects

(%)

Total

(%)

Negative attitude of colleagues 49 29 17 5 100

Negative attitude of spouse/family 44 34 13 9 100

Excessive household work 35 47 11 6 100

sometimes

Source: Primary data


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From the above table it is found that 49% of respondents thought that negative attitude of

colleagues does not affect them. 44% opined that negative attitude of spouse/family do

not affect them in balancing work-life and 9% of respondents opine that negative attitude

of the spouse/family always affects them. 47% of respondents think that excessive

household work some time affect their work-life balance.

Engaging in own stress relieving and entertainment program.

Out of 70 respondents, 66 respondents engaged themselves in their own stress relieving

and entertainment program and only 4 respondents do not involve. Following table

shows the methods of stress relieving and entertainment program:

Stress relieving and entertainment

program Number of

Respondents Percentage of

Respondents

Yoga

12

18

Physical exercise

13

20

Meeting Friends and relatives

21

32

Watching Television 20 30

TOTAL 66 100


From the above table it is clear that 32% of respondents engage themselves in meeting

friends and relatives to get relief from stress, 30% engage in watching television, 20%

respondents engage themselves in physical exercises and only 18% engage in yoga to get

relief from stress.

Table 4: Stress relief method adopted.

Stress relief methods Number of Respondents Percentage

Entertainment

29

41

Social support network

4

6

Participative and interactive

session

9

13

With employees

5

7

All of the above

18

26

None of the above 5 7

Total 70 100


Table 3: Stress relief and entertainment programme


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From the above table it is found that 41% of respondents consider entertainment as the best

stress relief method, 26% thought that all the above factors, 13% believed that participative

and interactive session, 6% opined that social support network and 7% thought that spending

time with employees are the best methods of stress relief.

Findings

1) It is found that for 39% of the respondents support of family is the prime factor of

motivation for work.

2) Not getting married on time is one of the stress factors for 86% of the female teaching

professionals.

3) 20% of respondents agree that they worry about the termination and layoffs in

organization.

4) Most of the teaching professionals (50%) are comfortable with latest technologies in

the organization.

5) Majority (47%) of the faculties receive support from boss, colleagues and juniors in the

organisation.

6) Majority of the (41%) faculties miss out quality time with their family and friends due to

work pressure.

7) Very small percentage 3% of teaching professionals suffers from stress related diseases

like hypertension, obesity, diabetes, frequent headaches, etc.

8) Some 33% of faculties worry about work after going home.

9) Most 32% of the teaching professionals engage themselves in stress relieving activities

and 41% of the respondents considered entertainment as the best stress relief method.

Suggestions

Remember the four A's - Avoid, Alter, Adopt & Accept

1. Avoid unnecessary stress: by learning how to say no

2. Alter the situation: If you cannot avoid a stressful situation try to alter it.

3. Adapt to the stressor: when you cannot change the stressor, try changing yourself.

Accept the things that you cannot change such as Think positively, Change your emotional

response, Embrace spirituality, Protect your time, Learn how to take time for yourself

without feeling guilty, Restore work life balance, Try meditation, Keep your-self cool,

Maintain a strong social network.

Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness (a state in which you actively observe present experiences and thoughts without judging them) can help melt


111

away stress. Start by taking a few minutes each day to focus on a simple activity like breathing, walking or enjoying a meal. The skill of being able to focus purposefully on a single activity without distraction will get stronger with practice and you will find that you can apply it to many different aspects of your life.

8.0 Conclusion

Due to change in economic conditions and social demands, the role of women in a family has been changed throughout the world. This change pushed the female members of a family into the working world. The employed women have to establish a balance between work and her personal/family life. While doing this balancing act some factors related to her job or person may induce stress. In teaching profession most of the time the work extends to his/her home and each day a teacher has to face new challenges. Though family support motivates them to work late marriage, termination and layoffs, work after going home induce certain level of stress in them. If the educational institutions management think over the issue of providing employee favourable policies to faculties in order to balance their professional and personal life, definitely it can achieve competitive advantage in terms of student quality of education and faculties may turn into good organization citizens. Majority of the faculties undergo self stress relieving activities such as yoga, physical exercises, meeting friends and watching television but they consider entertainment as the best stress relieving option. When you cannot change the stressor, try changing yourself.

References:

1) Mani V. Work Life Balance and Women Professionals. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Interdisciplinary 2013; 13(5): 2013.

2) Shiva G. A study on Work Family Balance and Challenges faced by working women. IOSR Journal of Business and Management 2013; 14(5): 1-4.

3) Gayathri N, Karthikeyan P. A Review on Green Human Resource Managemetn with Exclusive Allusion to Green Work Life Balance. International Research Journal of Business and Management 2013; 5: 40-45.

4) Padma S, Sudhir Reddy M. Impact of Child care responsibility on Work Life Balance (WLB) of School Teachers. International Journal of Advanced Research in Business Management and Administration 2013; 1(1).

5) Gayathri N, Karthikeyan P. Work life blance in India–A social responsibility or sa competitive tool. International Research Journal of Business and Management 2013; 1: 103-109.

6) Work Life Balance of Women Employees with Reference to Teaching Faculties Rahul Singal1, Parvesh2 Associate Professor1, Research Scholar2 1,2Prannath Parnami Institute for Professional Studies, Hisar, India [email protected]

Websites Referred:

http://www.managingstress.com· http://www.ced.gov/nooslt/stressic.htmlhttp://www.workhealth.org http://www.stress.org.uk

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Abstract

The role of married working women has changed throughout the world due to economic

conditions and social demands. This has resulted in a scenario in which married working

women have tremendous pressure to develop a career as robust as their male counterparts

while sustaining active engagement in personal life With improved education and

employment opportunities today, most homes are ones in which both parents work

because of the necessity to augment incomes. The ever-increasing work pressure is

taking a toll on the working women leaving them with less time for themselves. This

affects the person's physical, emotional and social well-being. Thus, achieving work life

balance is a necessity for married working women to have a good quality of life. In this

study, the authors have attempted to explore the tough challenges faced by working

women in maintaining a balance between their personal and professional life. The

various factors affecting the work-life balance of married working women have been

examined in this study. Data were analysed using the simple statistical tools and it was

found that the problems faced by the working women of Karkala Taluk in terms of work-

life balance are quite high. The results also indicate that the work-life balance of

individuals affect their quality of life.

Key words: Work life balance, Personal life, quality of life.

Introduction

In the history of human development, women have been as vital in the history making as

men have been. In fact higher status for women vis-à-vis employment and work

performed by them in a society is a significant indicator of a nation's overall progress.

Women have the responsibilities to effectively manage their multiple roles in the

domestic as well as professional lives. Ironically, women employees in general, are not

taken very seriously by their superiors, colleagues, or society at large. It is generally

perceived that gender bias against working women starts right from the stage of

recruitment. Education has not only empowered them but also has given them robust

careers. With brain power being the requisite skill in this knowledge era, rather than

endurance or physical strength, the women workers seem to flood into every industry on

par with men. But this has indeed become a tough challenge for women as they have to

A STUDY OF WORK LIFE BALANCE AMONG MARRIED WORKING WOMEN

Pooja [email protected]

Pooja [email protected]

Shri Bhuvanendra College, PG Centre, Karkala


113

perform a lot of duties in home and office as well. As working women get married, they

have additional responsibilities and when they become mothers, they have to manage the

primary care of children and extended family and are thus, under greater pressure to

continue on a career path. Working mothers of today fulfil family responsibilities and

also try to remain fully involved in their careers coping up with the competing demands

of their multiple roles. The caring responsibilities that working mothers have lays a

heavy stress on them when it is combined with their professional duties. The attempt of

working women to integrate, organize and balance the various problems and activities in

their different roles simultaneously puts them under tremendous pressure. Health

problems lead to lower productivity and effectiveness of workers. This study focused on

the tough life of married working women of Karkala Taluk in their struggle to strike a

balance between work and family life.

Work Life Balance

In this increasing industrialization and education, employment opportunities for Women

have also increased. Due to increasing economic conditions, it has become a necessity

that both husband and wife need to work to have a normal life. In this fast growing and

competitive world, as every possible opportunity for employment is increased, the

organizations need to create a congenial atmosphere where employees can balance their

professional and personal life. A successful work-life balance helps in striking a balance

between workplace, family and friends, community, hobbies, sleep and sport/exercise. If

an organization integrates work-life balance, it will be a good tool to retain the

employees and increase their quality of life. A good balance in work and life can play a

phenomenal role in the attainment of personal and professional goals. A balanced life is

one where we spread our energy and effort like emotional, intellectual, imaginative,

spiritual and physical –between key areas of importance. Work-life 'imbalance' has over

a period of time attracted concern because of increasing problems related to employee

health, monotony at workplace, declining levels of productivity and efficiency at the

employee level.

Work Life Balance and Women

Traditionally the role of women used to be of cooking, cleaning etc. They were looked upon as a care giver or as home keeper and were denied access outside home. Today's women have made their mark in every field. Today's career women are continually challenged by the demands of full-time work and when the day is done at the office, they carry more of the responsibilities and commitments to home. The attitude of female workers has also changed. Women are growing more ambitious as they become key players in the world of work, contributing to major company successes. Majority of


114

women work lives are a juggling act that included multiple responsibilities at work, on top of managing the daily routine responsibilities of life at home.

Literature Review

A study carried out by Sunita Malhotra & Sapna Sachdeva (2005), indicates that many women today are wearing multiple hats in their attempts to balance both career and home/family responsibilities. Concern about family can interfere with work to a great extent and worries about work issues can also be exhibited in the family front.

The study by Francene Sussner Rodgers (1992) with the sample consisting of employees of 20 Fortune 500 companies found 28 percent of the men and 53 percent of the women reported that work-family stress affected their ability to concentrate at work hence revealing that more than half the women and almost a third of the men reported that work/family stress affected their ability to concentrate on the job.

Pleck's (1977) research suggests that family-to-work spill-over is stronger for women and the work-to-family spill-over is stronger for men. Research suggests that female respondents in all parts of the world are pressured for time, rarely have time to relax and feels stressed and overworked most of the time, but women in emerging countries feel the strain even more so than women in developed countries.

Several studies have explained the effect of work-life confliction the health of working women. The Nielsen Survey (June, 2011) found that eighty seven per cent of women in India are most stressed/pressured for time

Nusrat Ahmad (March, 2009) has observed ASSOCHAM's study based on the survey of 103 corporate female employees from 72 various companies/organizations across 11 broad sectors of the economy focused on the issues of corporate female employees. One of their significant finding is that high psychological job demands like long working hours, working under deadlines, without clear direction leads 75 per cent of the working females suffer depression or general anxiety disorder than those women with lowest level of psychological job demands.

Purpose of the Study

This study is basically for assessing the prevalence of work life balance among married working women. The purpose is also to present and discuss specifically the problems married women face in the process of balancing their work and family life.


1. To understand the problems faced by the married working woman in balancing the work as well as family responsibilities.

2. To find out the family support for work life balance of a married working woman.


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Methodology

The study is descriptive and analytical in nature. It was conducted among the married

working women of Karkala Taluk. A sample of 100 working women was selected using

Convenient Sampling. They were from different sectors of the society. Since the study

focused only on married working women, all the respondents were married. The

collected data was tabulated and simple statistical tool was applied to analyse the results.

Since, the study was in the nature of survey, no hypothesis is set to verify.

Primary Data: A questionnaire was prepared and primary data was collected through

the survey method.

Secondary data: Secondary data has been collected from various sources like websites,

journal and by visiting library. The data from these sources have been incorporated

wherever necessary to substantiate data analysis.

Techniques/Tools for data analysis

The questionnaire containing 10 questions were administered to married working

women within Karkala Taluk to understand their perception about the work life balance.

The response received is analyzed and interpreted and result has been depicted in the

form of tables. The data is analysed using percentage method.

Discussion and Interpretation of Data

The discussions were carried out as to the demographic features of the respondents and

about the perceptions of the respondents about work life balance.

Demographic features of the respondents

The survey included the respondents from different age group as perception of

respondents differs from age wise. It is observed that out of 100 respondents, 45

respondents (45%) fall under the age group between 20-30 years, 15 respondents (15%)

fall under the age group between 30-40 years, 40 respondents (40%) belong to the age

group of 40-50 years and non of the respondents fall above 50 years of age.

It is further observed that 20 respondents have 2 members in their family, 15 respondents

have 3 members, 35 respondents have 4 members and remaining 15 respondents have 5

members in their family. Majority of the respondents are living with the family of 4

members.

Taking up of Employment

The reason for the taking of employment is solicited from the respondents and it was

found that out of 100 respondents, 15 respondents (15%) are working because of their

financial problem, 10 respondents (10%) because of the family pressure, 45 respondents


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(45%) with their own interest and 30 respondents (30%) because of the independence of

income.

Working Atmosphere

The respondents' responses as to the working atmosphere shows that 10 respondents

(10%) gets irritated with their boss in office, 30 respondents (30%) have the problem of

work pressure, 25 respondents (25%) have the problem of lack of rest and 35 respondents

(35%) suffer from other kinds of problem in their office. The responses indicate that

majority of the respondents have some other kinds of risk and work pressure in their

office.

Family Support

It was found that 85 respondents (85%) get family support for their work and 15

respondents (15%) do not get family support from their family. The responses indicate

that majority of the respondents get family support for their work from their family.

As to the sharing of work at home on getting late from office, 50 respondents (50%)

manage their work taking the family members if they come late, 15 respondents (15%)

manage their work by taking the help of maid and 35 respondents (35%) manage their

work themselves even when they come home late. It is clear from the responses that the

majority of the respondents receive support to work at home when they come home late.

Work Life Balance

The views of the respondents as to the balancing of the work life are the following

table-1.

Table 1: Views on maintaining the work life

Particulars No. of respondents Percentage

Always 00 00

Often

10

10

Sometimes

20

20

Rarely

35

35

Never

35

35

Total 100 100

Source: Survey data


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It is observed from the table above, that out of 100 respondents, none of the respondents

feels whether they can balance their work life always or not, 10 respondents (10%) often

feel that they are not able to balance their work life, 20 respondents (20%) sometimes feel

that they are not able to balance their work life, 35 respondents (35%) rarely feel that they

can't balance their work life and 35 respondents (35%) never feel that they are not able

balance their work life.

Stress related Diseases

The responses of the respondents as to the suffering from stress related diseases is shown

in the Table-2 below:

Table 2: Suffering from stress related diseases

Particulars

Number of Members

TOTALYes

No

Suffering from Stress Related Diseases 40

60

100

Source: Survey data

It is observed from Table-2 above that majority of the respondents does not suffer from

any stress related diseases.

Expectations of working Women

The Working Women expectations for the better work life balance are shown in the

table-3 below.

Table 3: Future expectations

Particulars of Expectations No. of respondents Percentage

Flexible working hour 45 45

Holidays/Paid Time off 15 15 Job sharing

10

10

Career break

20

20

Counselling service

10

10

Total

100

100

Source: Survey data


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It is observed from the above table-3, 45 respondents (45%) thinks that organization

should include flexible working hour while framing a policy for employees, 15

respondents (15%) thinks that organization should include holidays/paid time off for

employees, 10 respondents (10%) thinks that there should be job sharing among the

employees, 20 respondents (20%) thinks that there should be career break for employees,

and 10 respondents (10%) thinks that organization should also include counselling

service while framing a policy for employees.

Time for family and friends

The respondents' responses as to availability of time send with the family and friends are

shown in the table-4 below.

Table 4: Time for family and friends

Availability of Time No. of respondents Percentage

Always 30 30 Often

15

15

Sometimes

25

25

Rarely

30

30

Total

100

100

Source: Survey data

It is observed from the above table that 30 respondents (30%) always miss out time with

their family or with their friends because of work pressure, 15 respondents (15%) often

miss out time with their family or friends, 25 respondents (25%) sometimes miss out time

with their family or friends and 30 respondents (30%) rarely miss their time with family

or friends because of work pressure.

Company/Employer policies for work life balance

As to the company/employer policies about the work life balance, 25 respondents (25%)

says that they have a separate policy for their work life balance in their company, and 75

respondents (75%) says that they do not have any policy for their work life balance in

their company. It indicates that majority of the companies/employers do not have any

policy for their work life balance in their company.


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Findings

The findings of the survey are;

1. Majority of the respondents are living in nuclear family.

2. Majority of the respondents are working with their own interest.

3. Majority of the respondents have the problem of work pressure and other problems in office.

4. Majority of the respondents are getting family support for their work.

5. Majority of the respondents manage their house works with the help of family members when they come home late.

6. Majority of the respondents rarely feel that they are not able to balance their work.

7. Majority of the respondents does not suffer from any stress related diseases.

8. Majority of the respondents feel that organization should include flexible working hours while framing a policy for the employees.

9. Majority of the respondents often miss out their time with family or friends because of the work pressure.

10. Majority of the respondents do not have any separate policy for their work life balance in their company.

Suggestions

Considerably more research is needed to gain additional insight into the meaning and consequences of work–family balance.

Conclusion

This study was able to measure employees' work–life balance and found weekly hours of work and the stress associated with work were very important determinants of employees' work–life balance, alongside their occupations, age and caring responsibilities. Conflicts in work-life balance of working women affect their health than their male counterparts.

Bibliography1. http://www.ijtemt.org/vol2issue1/Women_employees.html

2. http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijbemr&volume=3&issue=12&article=005

3. http://www.slideshare.net/sayanti82/career-women-and-work-life-balance

4. http://www.researchgate.net

5. www.iracst.org

6. www.abrmr.com

7. www.nevillewadia.com

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Abstract

India is in fast development and one of the major obstacles in the path of its development

is the existence of high levels of unemployment. The best strategy to overcome this

obstacle is to promote entrepreneurship. Government in collaboration with private

stakeholder have initiated numerous interventions to encourage entrepreneurship,

however not enough progress appears to has been made up to date. Entrepreneurship is a

major engine, driving many nation's economic growth, innovations and

competitiveness. India needs entrepreneurs to capitalise on new opportunities to create

wealth and jobs. India can't neglect the role of students and youths in promoting

entrepreneurship, and the question arises – “Do they possess a positive attitude towards

entrepreneurship?” This study aims at determining whether students view

entrepreneurship as a future carrier and to understand their attitude towards

entrepreneurship. The data collected for the purpose are mainly from primary sources

i.e. responses were collected from post graduate students of commerce and management

(Mangalore University) through questionnaire method. Besides secondary sources

consisting of journals, research articles and other official websites are also considered.

Keywords: Development, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurs.

Introduction

Indian economy has touched new heights in the last couple of years, but still it is facing

the challenges of poverty and large scale unemployment. An entrepreneur is an

individual who, rather than working as an employee, founds and runs a small business,

assuming all the risks and rewards of the venture. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as

an innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services and business/or procedures.

Entrepreneurship is the activity of settings up a business or businesses, taking on

financial risks in the hope of profit. In other words, entrepreneurship is the development

of a business from ground up-coming up with an idea and turning it into a profitable

ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS OF COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A STUDY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS OF MANGALORE UNIVERSITY

BhagyashreeEmail: [email protected]

Anupama Nayak. KEmail: [email protected]

Student, Department of Commerce,Mangalore university, Mangalagangothri -574199


121

business. Entrepreneurship seems to be a viable mode of contribution to economic

development in a country like India. 'Entrepreneurship' has become an everyday

buzzword as it is regarded as one of the best economic development strategies to develop

country's economic growth, prosperity, and sustain the country's competitiveness in

facing the increasing trends of globalisation. The definition of entrepreneurship is

simple, but its execution is much more difficult.

Entrepreneurship development is the process of improving the skills and knowledge of

entrepreneurs through various training and classroom programmes. Thus,

entrepreneurship development today has assumed great significance. Once the young

people understand the importance of entrepreneurship and ready to venture into

business, the unemployment rate can be reduced and the economy will experience an

increase in growth. It's therefore evident that young individuals who are entrepreneurs or

starting a new venture for the first time after their studies constitute an exceptionally vital

class for the development of entrepreneurial activities at the national economy level.

The University students possess a high potential in terms of starting their own business

due to their levels of education. The question, do they possess positive attitude towards

entrepreneurship, are to be answered. Thus, this study aims at finding whether the

students view entrepreneurship as a future carrier and to understand their entrepreneurial

attitude.

Objectives

1. To investigate whether students view Entrepreneurship as a future career and to

understand their Entrepreneurial attitude

2. To know the factors which influence the choice of entrepreneurial career?

3. To know whether institution and Entrepreneurship development programmes of

Government extend enough support in promoting entrepreneurship.

4. To offer suggestions based on findings.

Methodology

An empirical study was carried out among Post graduate students of commerce and

management at Mangalore University. Questionnaires were sent through mails and

responses were recorded. 60 responses were received and respondent's participation was

voluntary and completely anonymous. The raw data were analysed using various

statistical tools and tabulated for better understanding. Besides primary data, secondary

data consisting of journals, research articles and other official websites were also

considered.


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1. The study is restricted only to M.Com and MBA students of Mangalore University.

2. Sample size is 60.


Demographic representation of Respondents

From the study it is found that out of 60 respondents, 72% constituted female respondents

and rest were male. As regards to educational qualifications of the parents of the

respondents, 80% of the respondent's parents had attained education of SSLC and above,

and only 20% had education below SSLC. As regards to occupation of parents, majority

of respondents belonged to a family background where the occupation of father is

business and mother is a homemaker. Analysis of annual income of family revealed that

47% of respondents belonged to a family whose annual income is below 50000 and rest

had income above 50000.

Table 1: Opinion about starting a business

Particular Respondents Percentage

MALE YES 10 59

NO

7

41

Total

17

100

FEMALE YES

23

63

NO 20 47

Total 43 100

Analysis of above table reveals that 59% of male respondents and 63% of female

respondents wanted to start their own business.

Table 2: Reasons to start own business

Particulars

Rank

Male Female

Starting up a business is only the chance to earn money for me.

1

3

To change and improve the society

6

8

To continue with family tradition i.e. family business 8 9


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To do what I really want to do

5

2

To gain reputation

7

5

For financial freedom

3

1

To help in creating employment

2

4

To be my own boss/independent 4 6

Other 9 7

The analysis shows that the major motivating factor for men to choose entrepreneurship

as a career is that they feel starting up a business is the only chance to earn money and for

women it is for their financial freedom.

Table 3: Important De-Motivators for respondents to engage in business

Particulars

Rank Male Female

Lack of confidence

2 3

Lack of family support

6

6

Poor financial background

3 1

Lack of awareness

4

5Fear of failure

1

4

Lack of business experience 5 2Other 7 7

Above table reveals that the important de-motivator for men to go for entrepreneurship is

the fear of failure and for women it is poor financial background.

Measures that could improve the acceptance and appreciation of entrepreneurship

in society and among youths

Table 4: Measures to improve acceptance and appriciation

Particulars Respondents Percentage

Entrepreneurial education 22 36.67

Trainings given by entrepreneurs

26

43.33

Campaigns, Competitions and awards

10

16.67

Better media coverage

1

1.67

Others 1 1.66

TOTAL 60 100


124

Analysis of above table shows that 43% of respondents feel that training by

entrepreneurs could improve the acceptance and appreciation of entrepreneurship in

society and among youths.

Awareness of any entrepreneurship agency/institution: From the study it is found that

37% of the respondents aware of entrepreneurship development agencies and remaining

63% are unaware of it.

Entrepreneurship development/awareness programme conducted by institutions:

Study reveals that 30% of respondents attended entrepreneurship development

programme conducted by institutions and remaining 70% were not attended it.

Table 5: Showing whether the subject is helpful in motivating towards

entrepreneurship:

Particular Respondents Percentage

YES 48

80

NO 12 20

TOTAL 60 100

Study reveals that all the respondents have entrepreneurship as their subject but only

80% say that the subject is helpful in motivating them to choose entrepreneurship as a

career.

Findings

1. Majority of respondents wanted to start their own business, irrespective of Gender.

2. The major factor for men to choose entrepreneurship as a career is that they feel

starting up a business is the only chance to earn money and for women it is for their

financial freedom.

3. The important de-motivator for men to go for entrepreneurship is the fear of failure

and for women it is poor financial background and lack of family support.

4. Majority of respondents were unaware of entrepreneurship development agencies,

despite of having entrepreneurship as a subject in their syllabus.

5. Less priority was given towards establishment of Entrepreneurship development

cell and conducting entrepreneurship development programmes in the institution.


125

Suggestions

1. Government and various educational institutions should organise training

programmes by entrepreneurs for students to improve the acceptance and

appreciation of entrepreneurship among them.

2. Credit facilities for start-ups should be included under priority sector lending.

3. Majority of the women want to start their own business, but they lag behind due to

poor financial background. If financial assistance is provided to them, they can be

motivated towards entrepreneurship.

4. All the activities of entrepreneurship development agencies should be given better

media coverage, so that awareness about such agencies increases among students.

5. Every institution should have an entrepreneurship development cell and the most

important thing is institution should ensure its better performance.

Conclusion

The relevance of students and youths in any economy cannot underestimated be since

they are said to be the future and the determinant of economic viability of a nation. At the

beginning of the study a question was raised “Do the students posses positive attitude

towards entrepreneurship?” After completion of the study, we can conclude that yes,

majority of the students possess positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. But India is

in need of large number of entrepreneurs. Thus Government should focus on the factors

which de-motivate students to choose entrepreneurial career and try to resolve such

issues. Various educational institutions should also join hands with Government in the

process.

Bibliography

Manisha, M. R. (2016). Students Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship. International Conference on research

Innovations in Science Engineering and Management. New Delhi.Early to Rise. (n.d.). Retrieved february 2018,

from https://www.earlytorise.com/entrepreneurship-development/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/

entrpreneur.aspMadhavrao, N. M. (n.d.). Students attitude towards Entrepreneurship a study of MBA students of

management institutes in Pune district. Shodhganga:a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET .Mr.Abdul

JAleel Pp, D. V. (2017). A Study On Attitude Of Commerce Graduating Students Towards Entrepreneurship In

Kerala. Quest Journals Journals of Research in Business and Management .


126

Abstract

Green marketing means pure marketing, environmental product which will help to keep

environment clean and healthy. In the present scenario each and every people aware of

the green products and prefer green products. Keeping environment green and pollution

free is the responsibility of each and every individual not only by the industry. Recycling,

reuse of the things, instead throwing here and there we can make use of it. When we reuse

the things which we think as wastage can make optimum utilization of waste resources

because in our nation there is a scarcity of resources and unlimited wants. So, keeping

environment clean along with resource utilization is also useful to each and every

industry as well as individual of the nation.

Key words: Green marketing, Green products, consumer satisfaction, Environment.

Introduction

In the modern world most of the people aware of green products and prefer to buy that

products. People are concern toward the environment as well as society. This is made

possible through mass media like Newspapers, Television, and Magazines etc. which

creates awareness to the people through advertisement. Green marketing products that

are presumed to be environmentally safe. Going green is not only good for the

environment, but also benefits to the organization also. Establishing more eco-friendly

practices can offer a number of commercially wise advantages, from bottom line cost

saving to an outstanding market advantages. Green marketing is also one of the strategies

followed by the corporates in order to increase the sales as well as profit of the

organization. According to American marketing Association, “Green Marketing is the

marketing of products that are preserved to be environmentally safe”. With the

acceptance of the idea to conduct business with the motive “to increase profit through

service”, a new marketing concept known as green marketing has emerged. The term

Green marketing came first into foray in late 1980's and early 1990's due to increasing

environmental concern. Green marketing is also known as environmental marketing or

ecological marketing.

A STUDY ON GREEN MARKETING -WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KARKALA

Pavithra [email protected]

[email protected]

Student, Dept. of PG studies in CommerceAlva's College Moodbidri


127

Today's consumers are becoming more and more conscious about the environment and

also becoming social responsible. Therefore, more companies are responsible to

consumer's aspiration for environmentally less damaging or neutral products. Keeping

environment clean and green is a very difficult task in the present scenario. Some

companies play an important role in this regard. The product must be eco-friendly and

protect the health of the human as well as the life of the animals. Packaging of the product

should contain less plastics and other material which harm the environment.


1. To understand the concept of green marketing and green products in detailed

manner.

2. To know the customers awareness about the concept of green marketing and green

products.

3. To know the customer expectations about the green products.

Methodology

This study consists of both the primary as well as secondary data. Primary data is

collected through the survey methods by preparing the questionnaire through randomly

selected customers, and some personal opinion about the topic. The area of survey is

confined to Karkala region with 50 samples. Collected data are analyzed and presented

best of the knowledge of researcher. Secondary data are collected from various journals,

articles and websites.


Table 1: Level of awareness about green products:

SL.

NO

CONTENT VERY

LOW%

LOW% AVERA

GE%

HIGH

%

VERY

HIGH%

TOTAL

%

1

Having awareness of the

benefits of green products

for health

6

10

50

24

10 100

2

Having awareness of the

green products for t he

environment

2

18

38

36

6 100

3 Having awareness of the

various brands offering

green products

8 38 36 16 2 100


128

From the above table it is found that average number of respondents aware about the

benefits of green products to the health as well as environment and most of them are less

aware of the brand that providing green products. Most of the respondents are very much

aware of the benefits of the green product to the environment and very low percentage is

unaware of it. So, concern for the health as well as environment increases now a days.

Usage of green product is beneficial both to the environment and also to the customer and

society.

Satisfaction level of using green products

From the study it is found that 68% of the youth are satisfied by using green products,

18% are average satisfied and only 14% of them are dissatisfied by using green products.

Table 2: Use of green products:

SL.NO PRODUCT CATEGORY Yes NO

1 Organic food 74 26

2 Organic cloths 42 58 3

Cosmetics and personal care products

68

32

4

Electrical appliances

58

42

From the above table it is clear that 74% of the respondents prefer organic foods and 26%

does not prefer organic foods. 42% of the respondents use organic cloths and 58% does

not use organic cloths. 68% of the respondents use cosmetics and personal care products

and 32% will not use cosmetics and personal care products. 58% of the respondents use

electrical appliances and 42% of them do not use electrical appliances.

From the study it is found that nearly 60% of the people use the green products which are

useful to the health and wellbeing of human life and 40% of the consumer not use green

products because they may not aware of the usage of green products and its importance.

Illiteracy may also the reason for not using the green products. So, the companies have to

create awareness about the usage of green products among the consumers.

Sources of awareness

From the study it is found that sources of awareness about the green products for most of

the respondents are through television as it is one of the effective sources of information

to the consumers. Along with T.V, internet advertisements also play an important role

nowadays because most of the youths use internet to buy the products and online


129

shopping are achieving its importance. Newspaper is also a source of media to give

information about the products. Friends, relatives and satisfied consumer share their

views with other so word of mouth communication also play an important role.

Table 3: Future consideration of using green product:

SL.NO

CONTENT

Number of Respondents

Percentage

1 Not at all

03

06

2 Intend to consider

04

08

3 Consider but not in the near

future

07

14

4 Consider to use sometimes

18

36

5 Consider to use always 18 36

Total 50 100

From the above table it is clear that 36% of the respondents consider using the products

always, and sometimes in the future which are useful to their health. 14% of the

respondents prefer to use the product but not in the near future, 8% are willing to use in

the future and 6% are not going to use the green products in the future. This may because

of lack of awareness about the green products.

Table 4: Frequency of purchase of green products:

SL.NO Frequency No. Of respondents Percentage

1 Once a week 15 30

2

Once a fortnight

03

06

3

Once a month

17

34

4

Once a year

02

04

5

Regularly when needed

13

26

Total 50 100

Above table reveals that 34% of respondents purchase the green products once in a

month and 26% of them purchase regularly as and when needed, 30% purchase the green

product once in a week, 6% purchase it once in fortnight and only 4% of them purchase

once in a year.


130

Findings

1. It is found that 68% of the youth are satisfied by using green products.

2. From the study it is clear that 74% of the respondents prefer organic foods.

3. Study revealed that 42% of the respondents use organic cloths.

4. Majority that is 68% of the respondents use cosmetics and personal care products.

5. In the study it is observed that 60% of the people use the green products which are

useful to the health and wellbeing of human life.

6. From the study it is found that sources of awareness about the green products for

most of the respondents are through television as it is one of the effective sources of

information to the consumers

7. Majority that is 34% of respondents purchase the green products once in a month

8. It is found that 36% of the respondents consider using the products always in future.

Suggestion

1. Providing of awareness about green marketing and their effectiveness is essential.

2. Green products quality should be better than other standard products.

3. Government should support companies.

Conclusion

Marketing is a wider term and vast concept to understand. Green marketing is a part of

the marketing which is very important from the social, economic and ethical point of

view as it has motive of spreading awareness among people about environmental issues.

Green marketing offers consumer satisfaction as well as eco-friendly products and does

not pollute environment. Now days, industries have high concern for environmental

protection and strong belief that green marketing can be used as a tool for gaining

competition. Some companies are implementing these practices as a part of their

corporate social responsibility.

Reference

1. http://ibrandstudio.com

2. www.greenmarketing.net/strategic.html

3. J. A. Ottman, et al, “Avoiding Green Marketing Myopia” , Environment, Vol-48, June-2006

4. www.borjournals.com

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