Aquaculture in Thailand

Dr. Kanchanaree Pongchawee

Inland Aquaculture Research and Development division

Department of Fisheries

E-mail: kanchanp43@hotmail.com

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Source : FAO, 2019

Source : FAO, 2019

Capture Fisheries

In 2014,

Marine capture was 1,488,300 Tons

Inland capture was 181,800 Ton, 12.22% of the marine capture

Important species are common silver barb, stripped snake head,

walking catfish , shrimp and snake skin gourami.

Fish were catch from water reservoirs and main rivers.

Aquaculture Production

Freshwater aquaculture

production

Coastal aquaculture

production

Aquaculture production

• In 2014,

• production of coastal aquaculture was 482,600 tons

• production of inland aquaculture was 415,124 tons

• There were around 30 species cultured i.e. Nile Tilapia, walking catfish,

common silver barb, snake skin gourami, freshwater prawn, striped catfish,

striped snakehead and common carp.

• Main species were Nile Tilapia, walking catfish (one-third of total production).

Source : DOF (2017)

A total of Inland fisheries and its value, 2010-2014

705.9

609.1

673.7

646.1

596.9 33,123

31,684.80

36,264.90

37,024.50

34,957.90

29,000

30,000

31,000

32,000

33,000

34,000

35,000

36,000

37,000

38,000

540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Quantity(1,000 ton) Value (Million Baht)

Production by species for whole inland fishery (including freshwater aquaculture) 2014

Striped snake- head fish

3%

Walking catfish 19%

Common silver barb 9% Nile tilapia

36%

Snake skin gourami

4%

catfish 5%

Giant freshwater prawn

3%

Others 21%

species Quantity

(1,000 ton) Striped snake- head fish 19.2 Walking catfish 112.2 Common silver barb 50.2 Nile tilapia 209.8 Snake skin gourami 25.8 Catfish 28.3 Giant freshwater prawn 17.8 Others 123.6 Total 415.1

Yield from freshwater aquaculture by species,

in 2014

Nile Tilapia 46%

Common carp 1%

Common silver barb 7%

Snake skin gourami 6%

Walking catfish 27%

Striped snake- head fish 1%

Striped catfish 5%

Giant prawn 4%

Others 3%

YIELD FROM FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE BY SPECIES 2014

Area under culture 2014 (acre)

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Northern North-eastern Central Plain Southern

54,442

115,514

134,770

23,227.20

Diposition of freshwater fish by diposition channel, 2014

Production Diposition Marketing Areas of production 327,953.2 acre (2014)

(539,205 farm (2014)

Yield 415,124 tons

(2014)

-Fresh comsumption 78.26%

-Fermented 7.15%

-Salted and dry 10%

-Steam or smoke 0.02%

-Fish sauce 0.30%

-Others 1.54%

•Consumption in Thailand 94.27%

•Export 5.73%

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45,469

8,881

4,253.90 3,397.10 1,956.90 1,332.50 1,214.50 1,137.10 962.2 934.8

4,245

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

Production of aquaculture by country of the world (In 2014)

Aquaculture System

Types of aquaculture systems

Water-based systems (cages and pens, inshore/offshore).

Land-based systems (rainfed ponds, irrigated, flow-through or

raceways systems and tanks).

Recycling systems (high control enclosed systems, pond based

recirculation).

Integrated farming systems (e.g. livestock-fish, agriculture and

fish)

Freshwater Aquaculture in Thailand

Type of freshwater aquaculture in Thailand

Earthen pond Paddy field

Ditch Concrete tank

Inland culture fish species

walking catfish

COMMON SILVER BARB Snake skin gourami

Striped catfish (Pangasius)

Snakehead fish

Common carp

Rohu

Fresh water prawn

Tlapia

Grass carp

Cage

Cage in earthen pond

Plastic pond

Red tilapia farm

Tilapia farm

Tilapia farms-Flow Through System

Tilapia Breeding

Catfish farm

Catfish farm

Freshwater fish farm

Freshwater prawn farm

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De man,1879)

Giant Freshwater Prawn Culture Area in Thailand

• Total culturing area: 106,634 Rai • Total of farm: 2,939 farms • Most of them were in central plain (29,372.9 Rai; 2,121 farms) and North-Eastern (3,870.6 Rai; 581 farms)

Area/Province NO. of farm Area (Rai) Production

(Kg./Year)

Central

• Nakon patom 1,124 17,531.35 2,707,450

• Supanburi 711 7,317.00 1,467,950

• Ratchaburi 206 3,583.55 735,400

• Chonburi 80 941.00 696,135

North-Eastern

• Kallasin 581 3,870.60 964,610

Freshwater prawn Culture - Cost 110.50 Baht/kg (3.5 USD/kg) - Price 200-300 Baht/kg (6.3-9.4 USD/kg) - Net profit 89.50-189.50 Baht/kg (2.8-5.9 USD/kg)

Marketing

70% of total production were consume

in country; 30% for exporting

Male is preferred for consumers

Crocodile farm

Crocodile farm

Frog farm

Ornamental fish farm

Aquatic plants farm

Tissue culture

International training

Seed Feed

Need

Success

Species/Culture practice/Production management

Production efficiency

Health/Environment

The balance for the success of aquaculture

Culture practice

Production system management Fisheries outputs management

Good Aquaculture Practices

Organic Aquaculture/ Ecological Aquaculture

Post harvest

Blue revolution aquaculture

supply chain

economic opportunities

Food safety

sustainability of aquatic resources and the ecological environment

food security

certification and verification process.

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Technology

@ Recirculation technology, RAS

@ Disease control

@ Production quality control-food safety

@ Biosecurity plan-farm level

@ Feed development and management

@ Automatic control technology with sensors and software

@ DNA technology

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Red Tilapia culture in recirculating system

Source Pongchawee (2017)

Drum fish culture

and breeding Water treatment pond

Fish pond 2 Fish pond 1

Source Pongchawee (2017)