Initiative n Creativity-editing

International Training Centre of the ILO, 2007©

Module QU – 2.2

Learning Unit 2

Initiative and Innovativeness

International Training Centre of the ILO, 2007© QU – 2.1 - TR. 2

Learning objectives

• describe different types of human needs;• identify and explain work initiatives;• analyse the main reasons of why people work; • set goals;• distinguish between a reactive and proactive

approach to life;• give a definition of innovation and the link to

creativity;• discuss the importance of creativity;• explain the benefits of creativity;• analyse the causes, the obstacles and the

process of change.


Basic Human NeedsA note psychologist made a through study of

the basic needs of all people.

He identified 4 types of basic human needs:

SELFFULFILMENT

SELF RESPECTand WORTH

SOCIAL NEEDS

SECURITY NEEDS

PHYSICAL NEEDS


Identifying work initiatives

Employees can take the initiatives for making their jobs and their work environments more motivating. This is rewarding for themselves as well as for their organizations.


Identifying work initiatives (2)

Financial security, i.e. the need to earn money to live on a continuing basis.

Possible initiative: work overtime or work for salary increases

Recognition and Approval, i.e. the need to have others know and approve of the job you do.

Possible initiative: make sure the boss knows what you are accomplishing.



Mastery and Achievement (penguasaan dan prestasi), i.e. the need to perform well.

Possible initiative: set high standards for your work and try to meet them.

Dominance, i.e. the need to have some power or influence and control over others.

Possible initiative: work for promotions to supervisory positions.



Status, i.e. the need to acquire (memperoleh) and maintain a certain standard of living respect from others.

Possible initiative: work for promotions towards a job you feel carries respect and status.

Self-Expression, i.e. he need to express your feelings and personality in the work you do.

Possible initiative: express your ideas for new ways of doing things; personalize your work surroundings.



Friendship, i.e. the need to be liked and accepted by others.

Possible initiative: get to know your co-workers, join the recreational activities.

Moral Code, i.e. the need to feel that what you are doing is right and that you are a good person.

Possible initiative: be a trustworthy (terpercaya)person. Stand up for your beliefs.



Dependence(Tidak mandiri), i.e. the need to be directed by others to avoid feeling all alone.

Possible initiative: get to know and trust your supervisor.

Creativity and challenge, i.e. the need to meet new problems and to produce new and original work.

Possible initiative: ask for work that challenges you, change your daily routine, try a new approach to a task, change the order of the tasks



Social welfare (kesejahteraan sosial), i.e. the need to help others or do something that benefits others.

Possible initiative: find out how your job fits into the company and how it helps others.

Independence (Mandiri), i.e. the need to direct your own behavior and to have some control over what you do.

Possible initiative: demonstrate your ability to make good decisions and work toward a more independent job.


Initiatives to workThere are 3 types of motivation that are initiatives to work :

1. ECONOMIC INITIATIVES- pay;- material goods;- security.

2. SOCIAL INITIATIVES- relationships;- friendships.

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL INITIATIVES- the job and the work;- satisfaction;- personal growth.


Why do people work?Managers have 2 different kinds of

factors to consider in dealing (berurusan) with workers:

1. INITIATIVE FACTORS = the ones which will both satisfy and motivate employees. These factors include:- Achievement (prestasi);- Recognition; - Interesting duties (tugas yg menarik);- Responsibility;- Opportunity to growth


Why do people work? (2)2. MAINTENANCE FACTORS (Faktor Pemeliharaan)= the ones which keep the worker on the job. They keep him or her from going elsewhere to work. These factors include:- Supervision;- Administration; - Working conditions;- Interrelationships;- Status;- Salary;- Personal life.


Setting goalsGoals

help a person go from where he/she

is to where he/she wants to be.

The fundamental steps to take the initiative and establish

goals include:

- Analyze where you are now and identify where you want to be in short and long term.

-Avoid unrealistic or unwilling goals (tidak sesuai tujuan)- Rank your goals in order of priority;


Setting goals (2)- Rewrite your goals as positive statements in terms of where you want to be. For example, tell yourself “I’ll locate 5 clients every week”.

- Visualize the goal each day, constantly and act as if you have already reached the goal.

- Review periodically where you are and where you’re heading about your goals and give yourself frequent feedbacks.


The characteristics of initiatives

Initiatives must be…

BIG

CLEAR

LONG – RANGE

DAILY

SPECIFIC


Taking the initiative to turn goal into reality

To reach your goals you have to…

work hard

keep your goals in mind

revise your goals when necessary

plan your work toward your goals

set new goals as you achieve goals


Reactive or proactive approach?Reactive people

lack clarity and motivation (kurangnya kejelasan dan motivasi)

are only prepared to react to external influences and events.

Proactive people know what they want and are motivated to get it

can manipulate forces and events in such a way that they turn personal goals into reality


Innovation & Creativity

Innovativeness is the ability to innovate, to alter or change something by introducing something new which can improve working practices and/or the quality of the output.

Keep in mind that…

INNOVATIONrequires

CREATIVE INITIATIVE


The importance of creativity

CREATIVITY = a process of bringing

into existence a product that is original and inventive

CURIOSITY and IMAGINATION are the fundamental components

to develop successfully INITIATIVE & CREATIVITY


Benefits of creativity

Young creative people learn how to…

…use their imagination

…develop their individualities

…think of new ways of doing the same thing

…use their ideas and imagination to make things happen

…feel good about themselves

…appreciate the good and the beautiful, using their senses


The creative process

Germination of concepts source of inspiration.Thinking, organizing,

planning

Emotions, feelings, expression. (Analyse, reflect, judge, solve

problems)

Efforts – Self-motivation

Selection, choice of

tools

Manipulation, translating

concepts into reality.


What is change?

Change…

is a fundamental law of nature

is inevitable (tak terelakkan)

may be externally internally driven

involves creativity, learning, growth and success

depends on the capacity of people to accept and adapt to it


Why people resist to change?

Generally people resist changing because change…

• causes fear (takut)of the unknown;

• can affect the power/authority enjoyed in the past;

• questions established practices;

• is imposed (dikenakan) externally


Why people resist to change? (2)Resistance to change can be stimulated

when

• the goal of the change is unclear;

• we cannot provide evidences of the need for a change;

• the stakeholders are not involved in the change process;

• the reasons for change are not communicated to the stakeholders;

• leaders do not want to take risks

• change may hamper (menghambat) job security.


The process of change

The management of change implies…

Planning the identified need of change

Organizing

Identifying the stakeholders

Delegating

Checking & Monitoring

International Training Centre of the ILO, 2007©

TUGAS- TUGAS

QU – 2.1 - TR. 27

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Initiative n Creativity-editing