Information System ( 資訊系統 )

Information System

organised set of components– collecting ( 收集 ) data– processing ( 處理 ) data– transmitting ( 發送 ) data– storing ( 貯存 ) data

Information System

Examples– payroll systems– airline reservation systems– school administration systems– hospital administration system

Information System

OperationalInformation

Sytem

ManagementInformation

System

• used routinely• allows the organisation to carry out its daily functions efficiently.

• supports the process of decision-making at the management levels effectively.

Information System Components

Software (軟件)

Human (人力)

Hardwar

e (硬

件)

Procedures (程序

)Te

lecom

munica

tions (

通訊

)

Data (資料

)

Input(輸入)

Output輸出

Processing(處理)

Storage(貯存)

Human Resources

can be classified as– end-users (client) ( 用家 )

– Information System specialists ( 系統專家 )

• people who use the IS.

e.g., mangers, clerks

• people who develop and operate the IS.

e.g., system analysts, technicians.

Procedures

are policies and methods to be followed. are carefully designed.

e.g., ATM to draw cash– insert card– enter PIN– choose “cash withdrawal” and enter amount– take back card and cash

Hardware Resources

all physical devices and material used.

Example– computers– printers– papers– disks

Software Resources

programs that control the computer hardware.

system software ( 系統軟件 )

application software ( 應用軟件 )

custom made software ( 訂製軟件 )

– e.g., MS Windows, Linux

– e.g., MS Office 97, Visual FoxPro

– software that suits specific purpose

Data Resources

the raw material of IS.

data can take the following forms:– numeric ( 數字 )– text ( 文字 )– image ( 圖像 )– audio ( 聲音 )

Telecommunications Resources

means of transmission of information over distances.

Example

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

– share hardware, software and data resources.

– connection of LANs

Input Phase ( 輸入階段 )

Data are– gathered ( 收集 )– verified ( 核對 ), and then– input ( 輸入 ) to the system.

Processing Phase ( 處理階段 )

methods include:– grouping ( 組合 )– sorting ( 排序 )– summing– averaging

Output Phase ( 輸出階段 )

produced information in an usable form.

Example– student report– attendance report– bank statement

Storage Phase ( 貯存階段 )

data are stored in computer-usable form

Common storage media:– floppy disk– hard disk– CD-R– magnetic tape

Reference

ASL Computer Concepts, Ch. 1 (p.1 - p. 8)

Self-test 1.2

What are the two basic roles performed by information system in an organisation?

Self-test 1.3

What is the difference between computer systems and information system?