Information Session for

the

Master-Seminar

Sensor Nodes:

Operation Modes, Networks and Applications

SS 2011

Prof. Baumgarten, Prof. Carle,

Corinna Schmitt, Alexander Klein, Christoph Söllner

22

•

Administration

–

Responsibilities

–

Appointments and Deadlines

–

Grading

•

Introduction to offered topics

–

Sensor Nodes

–

Network Topologies

–

Operating Systems

–

Middleware Concepts

–

Applications–

Much more …

•

Topic selection

33

•

Administration

–

Responsibilities

–

Appointments and Deadlines

–

Grading

•

Introduction

to offered

topics

•

Topic selection

44

Responsibilities and Appointments

•

Organisation:

Prof. Baumgarten, Prof. Carle, Schmitt, Klein, Söllner

•

Appointment:

Block Seminar –

2 days (9 a.m. -

6 p.m.)

planned for 12.-13.7.2011

•

Formality:–

Diplom

Students: 2 SWS

–

Credits (B.Sc./ M.Sc): 4 ECTS

–

Attendance list exists

–

Each participant will be session chair for one talk (moderation, discussion leader, min. 1 question concerning the talk)

–

Successfully attendance (Talk, Paper, Review)

–

Using department templates on our homepage

–

Language: English or German

•

Registration via Seminar homepage

http://www.net.in.tum.de/de/lehre/ss11/seminare/

55

Appointments and Deadlines

Appointments

Topic selection 06.05.2011

Meeting with advisor as soon

as possible

Upload of paper (1st Version) and talk slides * 28.06.2011

TalksInvited

Guest

Talk: Dr. Achim Hof (Siemens AG)12./13.7.20119:00-18:00 Uhr

Uploads of reviews 11.07.2011

Upload of paper

(2nd Version) 31.07.2011

Publication

of Proceedings t.b.a.

* Slides must be presentable otherwise -0.3 degree in grading.

Slides can be modified after upload after consultation with advisor.

6

Additional Support

•

See homepage: http://www.net.in.tum.de/de/lehre/ss11/seminare/

•

Slides:

–

Talk: How to write a scientific Paper?

–

Talk: How to write a Review?

–

Talk: How to give feedback?

•

Example:

Paper version 1 Review Paper version 2

•

Questions send to schmitt@net.in.tum.de

•

Advisors offer the opportunity of test talks!

77

Grading

General things:

–

Paper structure (6-8 pages in ACM format)

•

1st Version for Peer-Review process

•

2nd Version (final) for publication in proceedings

–

Talk (20 min, following discussion, receiving feedback)

•

Content counts

•

Talking style is not counted

–

Review about papers from other seminar participants (minimum of 2)

–

Session chair for 1 talk

Please note:

–

Attendance is required at all appointments absence without permission results lower grades

–

Deadlines must be kept

–

Submission of your work through upload form on homepage

–

Papers must be self-written (no plagiarism)

8

99

•

Administration

•

Introduction to offered topics

–

Sensor Nodes

–

Network Topologies

–

Operating Systems

–

Middleware Concepts

–

Applications

–

Much more …

•

Topic selection

1010

What‘s

going

on now?

For each

topic

–

An intoduction,

–

A motivation,

–

A little

more

detailed

view

into

topic,

–

And a detailed

assignment

of tasks

is

given.

111111

Introduction

to Sensor Networks I -

different node

hardware

platforms

Platforms:–

Smart-Its

–

TinyOS

nodes

offered

by

Crossbow

(Mica, TelosB)

–

Scatterweb

Questions:–

What

is

a Wireless Sensor Network

(WSN)?

–

Characterization

of different technologies?

–

Short characterization

of an operating

system

(e.g. Contiki, TinyOS, Btnut, …)

–

Compare

the

different technologies:•

Hardware equipment

•

Wired

and Wireless Communication

•

Limited

factors

(energy, space, environment)

•

Possibilities

for

optimization

•

Areas

of application

Advisors: Baumgarten, Söllner

TelosB

Berliner Motte

Mica 2 Dot

Iris Mote

Vergeben

121212

Introduction

to Sensor Networks II -

Sensor Types

and Bus protocols

General:–

Different sensor

types

on Hardware (light, motion, …)

–

Connected

to central

processing

Unit via different types

of connections

(digital, analogue)

–

Bus systems

have

different capabilities:

•

Noise

•

Achievable

Data rate

•

Number

of addressable

sensor

devices

•

Power consumption

•

Sensitivity

to Environmental

influence

(EMF)

Tasks:–

Describe

sensor

types

(what

do they

measure, in what

form do we

get

the

data, how

fast are

they

typically)

–

Describe

and compare

bus

systems

(criteria

above)

–

Recommend

bus

system

for

given

sensor

type

Advisors: Baumgarten, Söllner

TelosB

Berliner Motte

Mica 2 Dot

Iris Mote

Vergeben

131313

Introduction

to Sensor Networks -

comparison

of operating

systems

Goal:

Introduction

of different operating

systems

Questions:–

What

is

a sensor

node

operating

system?

–

What

are

its

different characteristics?

–

Candidates:•

TinyOS

•

Contiki

•

MANTIS OS

•

…

–

Which

goals

are

important?•

Energy Consumption

•

Adaptation to different hardware

platforms

•

IT security

•

Documentation

available

•

API / Programming

Language

/ Compiler / Tool-Chain

Advisors: Baumgarten, Söllner

Topic can be split!

1414

Data Acquisition

Techniques

to save resources

General:

–

Data acquisition

frequency

depends

on the

application

•

Medical

sensor

networks

•

Long time agricultural

measurements

–

Data acquisition

requires

power resources

Questions:

–

Why

is

does

data

acquisition

require

so much

power?

–

Which

protocols

and techniques

exist

to solve

the

problem?

•

Lakon: A Middle-ground Approach to High-frequency Data Acquisition and In-network Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN 2010)

•

Adaptive data

collection

strategy

(EWSN 2010)

Advisor: Schmitt

Vergeben

15

Data processing

techniques

Advisor: Schmitt

General:

–

Huch data

amount

is

collected.

–

Sensor data samples and especially their integrity are of

•

significance and

•

once acquired must not be lost.

–

Challenges:

•

data

must

arrive

ordered

•

sensors

are

often

calibrated,

•

sensor

network

deployments

and their

maintenance

are

labor-intensive

and expensive.

Questions:

–

Which

techniques

exist

to face the

challenges?

•

Reconstruction of the Correct Temporal Order of Sensor Network Data (IPSN 2011)

•

PermaDAQ: A scientific

instrument

for

precision

sensing

and data

recovery

in environmental

extremes (IPSN 2009)

–

What

development

exist?

Verified Data

Unfiltered Data

Rejectnon confirming

data

Model-based Testing and

Reconstuction

ApplicationDomain Filtering

Science

1616

Security

in WSNs

-

Key Distribution and Management

General:

–

Security

levels

within

a WSN depend

on

•

Network

size

•

Application

–

Key Distribution and management

schemes

can

be

devided

into

groups:

•

Centralized

Key Schemes

•

Distributed

Key Schemes

•

Probalistic

Key Schemes

Questions:

–

Characterization

and comparison

of special

techniques

–

Attack

possibilities

–

Defence

strategies

Topic can be split !

Student thesis is offered !

Advisor: Schmitt, Söllner

Vergeben

17

Security

in WSNs

-

Node

Replication

Attacks

General:

–

Depending on the application:

•

Hugh network size with hundreds of nodes

•

Exploiting without manual observation

–

With little effort, an adversary may capture nodes, analyze and replicate them, and surreptitiously insert these replicas at strategic locations within the network.

–

Such attacks may have severe consequences:

•

they may allow the adversary to corrupt network data or

•

even disconnect significant parts of the network

Questions:

–

What

is

a node

replication

attack

in detail?

–

What

detection

and defence

mechanisms

exist?

Advisor: Schmitt

Vergeben

18

Watermarking

in Sensor Data Sets

General:

–

Sensor Data must be analysed

in context focus

–

Solution is watermarking techniques

•

Known

from

trade

market

such as bank

notes

•

Different techniques

exist

•

Techniques

offer

among

others

perceptibility, robustness

and capacity

Questions:

–

Characterize

and analyse

the

following

approaches

•

Self-identifying

sensor

data

(IPSN 20110)

•

Multiple watermarking

method

for

privacy

data

protection

in WSN (2011)

•

Selective Forwarding Attack Detection using Watermark in WSNs

(ISECS 2009)

•

An Authentication Method for Self Nodes Based on Watermarking in

Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

–

Compare

the

approach

to traditional watermarking

strategies

Advisor: Schmitt

Topic can be split !

19

Security

in WSNs

–

Denial

Of Service attacks

General:

–

Depending on the application:

•

Hugh network size with hundreds of nodes

•

Exploiting without manual observation

–

Different attacks on different layers

Questions:

–

What

attacks

are

possible

on a special

layer?

–

Which

consequences

occur?

–

How

can

the

attack

be

detected?

–

Which

defense

mechanisms

exist?

Advisor: Schmitt

Topic can be split!

2020

Aggregation

in WSNs

General:

–

Resources must

be

saved

–

Most energy

is

consumed

during

data

transmission

Data Aggregation

–

Different approaches:•

Cluster-based

Aggregation

•

Tree-based

(hierarchical) Aggregation

•

Single Aggregator

Algorithms

Questions:

–

Why

is

data

aggregation

a solution

for

the

problem?

–

Which

challenges

occur?

–

Characterization

and comparison

of different approaches

Advisor: Schmitt

max(17°,22°)

max(31°,22°)

max(31°,26°)

max(18°,26°)

22°

31°

26°

26°

18° 26° 17° 22°

31°

Aggregator

Topic can be split!

21

Resource-Management-Tools

for

WSNs

General:

–

Resources must

be

saved

–

Most energy

is

consumed

during

data

transmission

Management-Tool

–

Different approaches:

•

Tiny

Network

Manager(TNM) (2010)

•

Peloton

(2009)

•

Collective

Intelligence

(2009)

Questions:

–

What

are

the

challenges

during

the

development

of a management-tool

that

must

be

faced?

–

Characterization

and comparision

of different tools

Advisor: Schmitt 21

22

TLS solutions

for

WSNs

General:

–

Security is very important

–

Common solution is TLS in “normal P2P networks”

–

Is it a solution for WSN?

Questions:

–

Why

is

a TLS solution

interesting

for

WSNs?

–

Introduce, analyse

and compare

the

following

approaches

•

Securing Communications between Multiple Entities Using a Single

TLS Session

(NTMS 2011)

•

Adapting TLS Handshake Protocol for Heterogenous

IP-Based WSN using Identity Based Cryptography (ICWUS 2010)

•

Tiny 3-TLS: A Trust Delegation Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (ESAS 2006)

–

What

are

the

challanges

and what

must

be

faced

in the

future?

Advisor: Schmitt

23

Neighbor

Discovery Strategies

in WSNs

General:

–

Networks are usually deployed randomly over the region

–

Process

to identify

a set

of nodes

with

which

a node

can

communicate

–

Process

must

run

without any a priori knowledge

Questions:

–

What

challanges

occur

during

neighbor

discovery

process?

–

Characterize, analyse

and compare

different approaches:

•

Multipacket

Reception Capability and Physical-Layer Signal Processing (2010)

•

An asynchronous neighbor discovery algorithm for wireless sensor

networks (2007)

•

Birthday

protocols

for

low

energy

deployment

and flexible neighbor

discovery

in ad hoc wireless

networks

(MobiHOC 2001)

•

Neighbor Discovery in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Based on Group Testing (2008)

•

Neighbor discovery in wireless networks and the coupon collector’s problem (MobiCOM 2009)

HelloHello

After n steps

Advisor: Schmitt

2424

Simulation Tools

24

Tossim

Evaluation:

–

Packet Loss

–

End-to-End Delay

–

Jitter

–

Energy Consumption

–

Network Lifetime

–

Application

–

Signal Propagation

–

Mobility

Topic:

–

Introduction and comparison of

OPNET, Avrora

and Tossim

Network Performance

Power Consumption

Advisor: Klein

2525

Energy Consumption

of Sensor Components

Optimizing

Sensor Measurements

and Communication

Advisor: Schmitt, Söllner

Goal:

present

and describe

strategies

of sensor

node

hard-

and software

to minimize

power consumption

for

a given

task

(i.e. humidity

measurement).

Example

strategies

to describe:

–

Interrupt

driven

measurement

–

Dynamic

adaption

of sleep

periods

–

Data aggregation

within

the

network

–

Burst

transmission

of data

–

Dynamic

transceiver

power usage

–

Analoge versus

digital hardware

BA/MA Thesis available:

Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks (Advisor: Klein)

Topic can be split!

Vergeben

26

Reprogramming

Techniques

for

WSNs

General:

–

Depending on the application field the manual human input is not

possible (e.g. agricultural, building monitoring) Reprogramming “on the fly”

–

Changing values (e.g. measurement intervals) according to the requirements

Questions:

–

What

challanges

can

occur

by

reprogramming

sensor

nodes? (e.g. node

is

lost)

–

What

techniques

exist? Characterize

and compare

them

•

Selective

Reprogramming

in Sensor Networks (NTMS 2011)

•

Trickle

(NSDI 2004)

•

Melete

(SenSys 2006)

•

Deluge

(SenSys 2004)

•

Zephyr (USENIX 2009)

•

Using

Compression

of Executable

Modules

(SECON 2008)

•

MOAP (2003)

•

MNP (2005)

Advisor: Schmitt

Topic can be split!

27

Event Detection

in WSNs

–

Vehical

Tracking

General:

–

Sensor Data must be analysed

in context focus

–

Tracking becomes more and more important

–

Offers also features for grouping

–

Application field: Vehical

Tracking

Questions:

–

Why

is

event

detection

important?

–

Characterize

and analyse

the

following

approaches

•

VigilNet

(2005)

•

SensIT

Project (2004)

–

Compare

the

approaches?

–

Where

are

the

challanges

and problems?

Advisor: Schmitt, Söllner

Source: Lightweight detection and classification for wireless sensor networks in realistic environments

Vergeben

28

WSN Application

–

Neonatal

Monitoring

General:

–

Upcoming application area is health monitoring

–

Important: Hippocratic Oath Save Life

–

“Small”

WSN technology is interesting for “small”

bodys Neonatal Medicine

–

Important: correct data transmission, detection and display

Questions:

–

Why

are

WSNs

so interesting

for

neonatal

medicine?

–

Introduce, analyse

and compare

the

following

approaches

•

Design of Wireless Sensor System for Neonatal Monitoring (NTMS 2011)

•

Wireless Transmission Design for Health Monitoring at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (ISABEL 2009)

–

What

are

the

challanges

and what

must

be

faced

in the

future?

Advisor: Schmitt

2929

WSN Application

–

Cell

Phone as Sensor Node

General:

–

More and more Smartphone among users

–

Smartphones

have increased internet

connection capabilities (“always on”)

–

Different sensor types on hardware

ambient light, gravity, acceleration, gps

–

Different data to be derived from that

Questions:

–

Aquiring

data: progress

versus

privacy?

–

Is

aquired

data

without

user

information

useful

at all for

the

industry?

–

Todays

applications

(mainly

google

/ microsoft

products)?

Advisor: Söllner

Vergeben

303030

Tasks:

–

Introduction and description of different MAC protocols (LPL, X-

MAC, BPS-MAC)

–

Comparison of the protocols with CSMA / TDMA based protocols in terms of:

•

Interference

•

Utilization/Overhead

•

Packet Loss/Delay

•

Energy Efficiency

•

Fairness

MAC –

Comparison

of preamble-based

MAC protocols

Advisor: Alexander Klein – http://www.net.in.tum.de/de/mitarbeiter/klein/

BA/MA 2 x Theses available:

• Quality of Service Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

• Simulative Performance Comparison of preamble-based MAC protocols

Medium Access Control

Vergeben

3131

Introduction to Sensor Networks –

Dependencies between Protocol Design and used Hardware

General:

–

Different network topologies

–

Different applications

–

Different hardware resources

special protocol design is needed

Questions:

–

What is a Wireless Sensor Network?

–

What is characteristic for the hardware?

–

Which requirements for the operating system exist?

–

How works a protocol stack?

–

Why should be energy efficient networks be developed?

Advisor: Schmitt

Vergeben

323232

Acustic

Communication (UWNs)

Goal: Introduction

and characterisation

of the

communication

workflow

in an

underwater

application.

Questions:

–

Which

technologies

exist?

•

Hardware (ultrasonic, infrasonic)

•

Technologies of modulation

•

Fault tolerance

–

Characterization

of Communication

•

Data rate

•

Range

•

Latency

–

Characterization

of Applications

•

Military Approaches

(„SOSUS“)

•

Civil Approaches

(Tsunami

Warning)

Advisors: Baumgarten, Söllner

Vergeben

3333

Tasks:

–

Description of the RPL protocol

–

Identification of performance limitation factors

–

Comparison with other routing protocols

•

Overhead

•

Routing metric

•

Packet loss

•

Delay

•

Complexity

•

Mobility

Routing -

RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy

Networks

Advisor: Alexander Klein – http://www.net.in.tum.de/de/mitarbeiter/klein/

BA/MA Thesis available:

Performance Evaluation of RPL in Wireless Sensor Networks

Vergeben

3434

TCP/IP communication

in a WSN

General:

–

TCP/IP are

well known

protocols

–

Important

topics

for

analysis

are

•

Flow

control

•

Addressing

•

Packet fragmentation

are

adapted

in a gateway

that

relays

Questions:

–

How

is

TCP/IP adapted

to WSNs?

–

Which

challenges

must

be

faced?

–

Characterisation

of the

workflow

(e.g. appllication

multimedia

WSN)

–

How

important

is

link quality

and how

can

it

be

estimated?

Advisor: Schmitt

Vergeben

3535

Tasks:

–

Short introduction to Tiny OS

–

Description of the CTP protocol including the LEEP algorithm

–

Comparison with other routing protocols

•

Overhead

•

Routing metric

•

Packet loss

•

Delay

•

Complexity

Routing

-

Collection

Tree

Protocol

(CTP)

Advisor: Alexander Klein – http://www.net.in.tum.de/de/mitarbeiter/klein/

BA/MA Thesis available:

Simulative Performance Evaluation of the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP)

Vergeben

3636

Tasks:

–

Discussion of necessity and challenges of IP communication in WSNs

–

Introduction and description of different IP stacks (μIP / BLIP)

–

Comparison of the IP stacks•

Memory

•

Reliability

•

Overhead

IP-based

Communication

in Wireless Sensor Network

Advisor: Alexander Klein – http://www.net.in.tum.de/de/mitarbeiter/klein/

BA/MA Thesis available:

IP-based Communication in Wireless Sensor Network

Vergeben

37

3838

•

Administration

•

Intoduction

to offered

topics

•

Topic selection

3939

Topic Selection

(I)

Author Title Advisor

Andreas Heider Introduction to Sensor Networks –

Dependencies between Protocol Design and used Hardware

Schmitt

Andrè

Freitag Data Acquisition

Techniques

to save resources

Schmitt

More

topics

possible

Sebastian Bendeich

Security

in WSNs

-Key Distribution and Management

Random

Key Distribution Schemes

in WSNs

-

Comparison

of different probalistic

approaches

Schmitt, Söllner

Schmitt

Dominik Weber Introduction

to Sensor Networks II –

Sensor Types

and Bus ProtocolsSöllner

Dominik Wetzel Intorduction

to Sensor Networks I

-

Different node

hardware

platforms

Söllner

4040

Topic Selection

(II)

Author Title Advisor

Johannes Ziegltrum Energy Consumption of Sensor Components -

Optimizing Sensor Measurements and Communication

Söllner, Schmitt

Resource-Management-Tools

for

WSNs Schmitt

Tsvetko

Tsvetkov Routing -

RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy

NetworksKlein

Christian Dietz Routing

-

Collection

Tree

Protocol

(CTP) Klein

Christian Fuchs IP-based

Communication

in Wireless Sensor Network

Klein

Markus Grimm Acustic

Communication

(UWNs) Söllner

Joseph Wessner MAC –

Comparison

of preamble-based

MAC protocolsKlein

4141

Topic Selection

(III)

Author Title Advisor

Data processing

techniques Schmitt

Johannes Schlicker Security in WSNs

-

Node Replication Attacks

Schmitt

Security in WSNs

–

Denial Of Service attacks

Schmitt

Simulation Tools Klein

Oliver Gasser TCP/IP communication

in a WSN Schmitt

TLS solutions

for

WSNs Schmitt

Aggregation

in WSNs Schmitt

Michael Stuber Event Detection

in WSNs

–

Vehical

TrackingSchmitt, Söllner

42

Topic Selection

(IV)

Author Title Advisor

WSN Application

–

Neonatal

Monitoring Schmitt

Reprogramming

Techniques

for

WSNs Schmitt

Neighbor

Discovery Strategies

in WSNs Schmitt

Michael Schmitt WSN Application

–

Cell

Phone as Sensor Node

Söllner

Watermarking

in Sensor Data Sets Schmitt

Markus Dauberschmidt

More

topics

possible

Introduction

to Sensor Networks -

Comparison

of Operating

SystemsBaumgarten, Söllner

43