Information Architecture

TECM 4180Dr. Lam

What does an architect do?

Starting the ProjectThe architect talks to the client about expectations, project requirements and budget. This information forms the design brief.

Design PhaseThe architect analyses the design brief and the building site conditions, and determines the best location and orientation. The architect then develops ideas through rough plans, sketches and models. These ideas are brought together into concept design drawings.

Design development, documentation & building approvalsThe architect compares the concept design drawings with the design brief and develops the technical detail for the project with the project team. Detailed drawings and specifications are prepared for the builder. The drawings are lodged to obtain local authority building approval. The method of engaging a builder for the project is determined.

ConstructionThe architect works with the builder and other project team members to ensure that the project is constructed in accordance with the drawings and specification.

After constructionProjects have a warranty period called the defects liability period. It is the architect’s responsibility to follow up any relevant issues or outstanding work with the client and the builder.*From Australian Institute of Architects

House Metaphor

Blueprints

Architect vs. Information Architect

Architect Information Architect

Starting the Project User interviews and constructing a user profile

Design Phase Brainstorming and coming up with topic ideas

Design development, documentation & building approvals

Organizing the topics into meaningful categories

Construction Building the site

After construction Testing it on users and making adjutments

What is information architecture?

Information architecture (IA) refers to the structure or organization of your website. It describes the ways in which the different pages of your site relate to one another and ensures information is organized in a consistent and predictable way on each page.• assessing existing and needed content,• organizing the pages,• providing clues to help use the site efficiently,

and• developing navigational structure.

Two major types of IA

• Macro-level IA • Site map

• Micro-level IA• Wireframe

Site Map

Key Characteristics of a Site Map

• Visual representation of the site

• It’s a planning tool

• Shows hierarchical relationships • Parent/child

• Shows peer relationship• How pages on the same level connect

Wireframe

How do I create great information architecture?

1. Define key stakeholder’s goals

2. Identify your users’ goals and expectations

3. Defining your site’s content areas

4. Organizing the content areas

5. Creating the site map

6. Outlining your navigational structure

7. Labeling your content areas

8. Creating wireframes

Step 1: Define Key Stakeholder’s Goals

• What are the key stakeholders’ expectations in creating or redesigning this site?• Examples: making the site more intuitive/easier to use,

explaining what you do, explaining the services you offer, gathering visitor feedback, attracting or serving new audiences, reducing the number of phoned-in requests for assistance, boosting the number of applications from target groups or regions, increasing attendance at events, building a sense of community.

• What specific functional requirements do the key stakeholders want included in this site?• Examples: including a search tool, providing self-service options,

having downloadable PDFs or interactive forms, having an events calendar, enabling people to sign up for events or apply online, having an intranet for internal communications purposes.

Sample Illustration of target audiences and key stakeholder’s goals

Step 2: Identifying your users’ goals and expectations

• Ultimate goal of IA: Anticipate user’s needs

• Conduct interviews with a wide variety of users

• If you can’t conduct interviews, answer key questions about your users

Sample Illustration of a User Data Sheet

Step 3: Defining your site’s content areas

• Helps develop navigational structure (and not the other way around)

• Analyze the content you already have. Decide what to keep, revise, or remove

• List all the content areas users will want to find on your site

Step 4: Organizing the Content Areas

• Putting your brainstormed content into groups

• One method is the Card Sort

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNvdgXCqEvM

Sample of content groupings

Step 5: Creating the site map

• Site maps are visual representations of the content areas

• Not every page will have a child, but every all pages has a parent

Site Map

Step 6: Outlining your navigational structure

• Take site map and draw a navigation bar

• Navigational items should NEVER point to 1) other sites and 2) non-HTML files (like pdf, doc, etc.)

• Links to other sites and documents should be placed in your central content area or a “related links” section.

• Analogy: textbook TOC

Navigation guidelines

• Vertical navigation- If your navigation links is small (less than 20), left or right column navigation might be appropriate

• Horizontal navigation- If your navigational links is more than 20, you might need to put main navigation in horizontal and sub navigation on each page in a column.

• Adding audience navigation – If site is very large (100 or more pages), consider adding navigation for key audiences.

Navigation Sketch

Step 7: Labeling the content areas

• Accurate and meaningful labels are essential

• Users click words, so the words need to make sense

• Test your wording

• Labels shouldn’t be more than 3 words long

Refining content area labels

Step 8: Creating the Wireframes

• A wireframe is a sketch or blueprint that closely represents how the areas of a page will be organized.

• This is the deliverable to hand off to a professional designer (designer will develop a mockup)

Wireframe to Mockup