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INFORMATION AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
FOR DEVELOPMENT:FOR DEVELOPMENT: PROMOTING COMMUNICATION PROMOTING COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN PEOPLE AND NATIONSBETWEEN PEOPLE AND NATIONS
SIDA, STOCKHOLM
MAY 5TH 2000
IMPACT OF ICTs ON DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF ICTs ON DEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA:IN SRI LANKA:
PAST, PRESENT AND FUTUREPAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
PROF. V. K. SAMARANAYAKE
CHAIRMAN, COUNCIL FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CINTEC)
& DIRECTOR, INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY,
UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO, SRI LANKA
SRI LANKA AT A GLANCESRI LANKA AT A GLANCE
• AREA: 65,610 sq.km
• LOCATION 80E 7 N
• POPULATION: 18.5 million(1997)
• ADULT LITERACY: 91.8%
• GDP (per capita): US$760
• LIFE EXPECTANCY 72.5 years
• INFANT MORTALITY 17 per 1000 /live births
• LANGUAGES: SINHALESE, TAMIL, ENGLISH
• ETHNIC GROUPS:– Sinhalese 74.0% Tamils 18.1% Moors 7.1%
Others 0.8%
• RELIGIOUS GROUPS:– Buddhists 69.3% Hindus 15.5% Muslims 7.5%
– Christians 7.6% Others 0.1%
SRI LANKA - THE PASTSRI LANKA - THE PAST
• RECORDED HISTORY - 543 BC
• VARIOUS INDIAN INVASIONS -• PORTUGESE INVASION - 1500• DUTCH INVATION - 1600• BRITISH RULE ALL CEYLON - 1815• INDEPENDENCE - 1948• REPUBLIC - 1972
THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY OF THE PASTOF THE PAST
• EMPHASIS ON KNOWLEDGE
– PIRIVENA (TEMPLE) CENTRED LEARNING
• SEATS OF LEARNING
– MAHAVIHARA(200BC), ALUVIHARE
• ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY
– MIHINTALE HOSPITAL INCL SURGERY (400BC-1000AD)
– IRRIGATION WORKS, LOW GRADIENT CANAL (YODA ELA), MADURU OYA DAM
– SIGIRIYA ( 500AD)
– BLACKSMITHS AT KOTMALE(1200AD-1500AD)
ICTs IN THE PASTICTs IN THE PAST• COMPUTERS
– INSURANCE, ENGINEERING, ACCOUNTING– CENSUS OF 1971– BANKS– UNIVERSITI ES (1967)– SCHOOLS (1983)
• COMMUNICATIONS– TELEPHONE– RADIO– TV (COLOUR - 1981)– CELLULAR ( 1985 )– WLL ( 1998)
• INTERNET– E-MAIL (1993)– LEARN UNIVERSITY NETWORK (1995)– FIRST ISP (1995)
ICTs FOR DEVELOPMENT - THE PASTICTs FOR DEVELOPMENT - THE PAST
• DISTRICT COMPUTERISATION – PENSION PAYMENTS– DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME– INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT
• ELECTION RESULTS • BANKS• EDI
– MARINET AT PORT OF COLOMBO
• STD CODE FOR SINHALA/TAMIL– ISO 10646, KEYBOARD, GLOSSARY
• REVENUE COLLECTION– ELECTRICITY, WATER, TELEPHONE, RATES,TAXES
MAJOR IT EVENTSMAJOR IT EVENTS• FIRST COMPUTER INSTALLATION 1964
• COMPUTING TAUGHT AT UNIVERSITIES 1967
• BANKS INTRODUCE COMPUTERS 1970
• LUMP SUM DEPRECIATION FOR COMPUTERS 1977
• MICROCOMPUTERS IN EDUCATION 1980
• COMPUTERS USED FOR ELECTIONS 1982
• CINTEC ESTB. 1984
• COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPTS IN UNIVERSITIES 1985
• INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ESTB. 1987
• IT LAW COMMITTEE 1986
• ACADEMIC NETWORK LEARN 1990
• EVIDENCE ( SP. PROV.) ACT 1995
• INTERNET INTRODUCED ON A COMMERCIAL BASIS 1995
• NATIONAL EDI COMMITTEE 1996
• IT LAW CENTRE 1997
• SL TELECOM PRIVATISED 1997
• DUTY AND TT REMOVED 1997
• IT YEAR 1998
THE MOBILE UNIT -ESTB. 1987THE MOBILE UNIT -ESTB. 1987CREATING IT AWARENESS TO THE “VEDDA” CHIEFTANCREATING IT AWARENESS TO THE “VEDDA” CHIEFTAN
USE OF IT IN LOCAL LANGUAGESUSE OF IT IN LOCAL LANGUAGES
• ISO 10646 / UNICODE STD FOR SINHALA & ISO 10646 / UNICODE STD FOR SINHALA & TAMILTAMIL
• MULTI LINGUAL WEB SITESMULTI LINGUAL WEB SITES
• LOCAL LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS ON LOCAL LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS ON INTERNETINTERNET
• E-MAIL AND PAGING IN SINHALA/TAMILE-MAIL AND PAGING IN SINHALA/TAMIL
• WINDOWS COMPATIBLE MULTI LINGUAL PC WINDOWS COMPATIBLE MULTI LINGUAL PC PACKAGESPACKAGES
• R & D IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSINGR & D IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
THE IT INDUSTRYTHE IT INDUSTRY
• LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF S/W– TRILINGUAL PRODUCTSTRILINGUAL PRODUCTS
• PARTNERSHIPS– STOCK MARKET AUTOMATIONSTOCK MARKET AUTOMATION
• BODY SHOPPING– US, UK, EUROPE, SINGAPOREUS, UK, EUROPE, SINGAPORE
• OUTSOURCING– S/W DEVELOPERS FROM US AND EUROPE ( e.g. IFS)S/W DEVELOPERS FROM US AND EUROPE ( e.g. IFS)
– SOUTH ASIANS ARE CONSIDERED CREATIVE - AN SOUTH ASIANS ARE CONSIDERED CREATIVE - AN APTITUDE MOST SUITED FOR THE IT INDUSTRYAPTITUDE MOST SUITED FOR THE IT INDUSTRY
COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
• SRI LANKA TELECOM PRIVATISED WITH 35% SHARE SRI LANKA TELECOM PRIVATISED WITH 35% SHARE SOLD TO NTT OF JAPAN IN 1997SOLD TO NTT OF JAPAN IN 1997
• TWO PRIVATE WLL PROVIDERSTWO PRIVATE WLL PROVIDERS
• FOUR CELLULAR SERVICES FOUR CELLULAR SERVICES
• FIVE PAGING SERVICESFIVE PAGING SERVICES
• FIVE PAY PHONE OPERATORSFIVE PAY PHONE OPERATORS
• NINE DATA COM SERVICESNINE DATA COM SERVICES
• ONE MOBILE TRUNCKING OPERATORONE MOBILE TRUNCKING OPERATOR
• SE-ME-WEE II & III AND SATELLITE LINKSSE-ME-WEE II & III AND SATELLITE LINKS
• 20 ISPs SO FAR20 ISPs SO FAR
• SLT MONOPOLY ONLY ON INTL. VOICE TILL 2002SLT MONOPOLY ONLY ON INTL. VOICE TILL 2002
INTERNETINTERNET
• LEARN ACADEMIC NETWORK
• 20 ISPs , 25,000 CONNECTIONS
• CINTEC ACTS AS DOMAIN NAME REGISTRY FOR .lk
• ISP ASSOCIATION TO ESTABLISH INTERNET SWITCH
• E-MAIL & WEB SITES IN LOCAL LANGUAGES
• CINTEC MAINTAINS NATIONAL WEB SITE
• INTERNET ON THE RADIO & TV
• COMMUNITY RADIO & TELE CENTRES WITH INTERNET
• LIVE ELECTION RESULTS ON INTERNET & TV SIMULTANEOUSLY
• EXTENSIVE USE OF MULTI MEDIA
THE NATIONAL PORTAL - WWW.LKTHE NATIONAL PORTAL - WWW.LK
RADIO & TV PROGRAMSRADIO & TV PROGRAMS
NATIONALNATIONAL ELECTION RESULTS (TRILINGUAL) LIVE TO TV & INTERNETELECTION RESULTS (TRILINGUAL) LIVE TO TV & INTERNET
INTERNET FOR COMMUNITY RADIO - INTERNET FOR COMMUNITY RADIO - WWW.KIRANA.LKWWW.KIRANA.LK
AN EXAMPLE OF A NATIONAL AN EXAMPLE OF A NATIONAL INTEGRATED PEOPLE DATABASEINTEGRATED PEOPLE DATABASE
• DATA INPUT AT BIRTH REGISTRATION• ISSUE OF NIC NUMBER AT BIRTH• ISSUE OF NIC AT 16• RECORD OF MARRIAGE,DIVORCE• ISSUE OF PASSPORT• RECORD OF DEATH• OTHER USES INCLUDE HEALTH,
EDUCATION ETC.
LEGAL INFRASTRUCTURELEGAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• IT BASED EVIDENCE (1995)
• COMPUTER CRIME (2000)
• DATA PROTECTION
• IPR (1978, 2000)
• ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE/CA (2000)
• AWARENESS AMONG LEGAL PROFESSION
HUMAN RESOURCESHUMAN RESOURCES
• TRADITION OF HIGH PRIORITY FOR EDUCATIONTRADITION OF HIGH PRIORITY FOR EDUCATION• AVAILABILITY OF TALENT AS SHOWN BY AVAILABILITY OF TALENT AS SHOWN BY
PERFORMANCES AT COMPETITIONSPERFORMANCES AT COMPETITIONS• MIS -MATCH OF MANPOWER NEEDS & SUPPLYMIS -MATCH OF MANPOWER NEEDS & SUPPLY• SKILLS CERTIFICATIONSKILLS CERTIFICATION• CONVERSION OF GRADUATES FROM OTHER CONVERSION OF GRADUATES FROM OTHER
DISCIPLINESDISCIPLINES• NEW JOB CLASSIFICATIONNEW JOB CLASSIFICATION• LOW SALARIES OF TRAINERSLOW SALARIES OF TRAINERS• NATIONAL PLAN FOR HRD IN ITNATIONAL PLAN FOR HRD IN IT
INFORMATICS OLYMPIADSINFORMATICS OLYMPIADS
• INTRERNATIONAL OLYMPIAD IN INFORMATICS (IOI)– 1992 FIRST YEAR OF PARTICIPATION
– 1993 ONE BRONZE
– 1994 ONE SILVER
– 1995 ONE GOLD, ONE SILVER
– 1996 ONE BRONZE
– 1997 ONE SILVER, ONE BRONZE
– 1998 ONE BRONZE
– 1999 ONE BRONZE
• SRI LANKA NATIONAL OLYMPIAD IN INFORMATICS (SLNOI)– INAUGURATED IN 1998
IT IN UNIVERSITIESIT IN UNIVERSITIES• 13 STATE UNIVERSITIES, 8 INSTITUTES, 2
PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES • B.SC/B.ENG SP. DEGREES IN 4• PG COURSES IN 2 & ICT • EXTERNAL DEGREE (BIT)• LEARN ACADEMIC NETWORK• SRI LANKA INTER UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE
ON COMPUTING• R & D AND CONSULTANCY• TRAINING OF TRAINERS• THIRD COUNTRY TRAINING PROGRAM
THE LEARN NETWORKTHE LEARN NETWORK
• ESTABLISHED IN LATE EIGHTIES FOR E-MAIL• INTERNET CONNECTIVITY IN 1995• MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE• SERVICES ALL UNIVERSITIES AND SOME R&D
INSTITUTES• UNIVERSITIES PAY FOR SERVICE• SLT PROVIDES INTL. CONNECTIVITY• SUNTEL & SLT PROVIDE LOCAL
CONNECTIVITY (2MB & 128K)
EXPLOITING IT FOR NATIONAL EXPLOITING IT FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
• THE USE OF IT FOR EFFICIENT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
• THE USE OF IT FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN FINANCE, TRADE AND COMMERCE
• THE CAPTURE OF PART OF THE GLOBAL SOFTWARE AND IT SERVICES MARKET
• THE USE OF IT IN PROVIDING INFORMATION ON THE COUNTRY AND ITS CULTURE TO THE WORLD AT LARGE AND AS A TOOL FOR THE ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION BY ALL SECTORS OF THE POPULATION
• CREATION OF AWARENESS AND AN IT CULTURE
• THE USE OF IT IN ALL OTHER ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EFFORT
1998 - THE YEAR OF IT1998 - THE YEAR OF IT
IT 2000 +IT 2000 +
MESSAGE OF H.E.THE PRESIDENTMESSAGE OF H.E.THE PRESIDENT
“The Government of Sri Lanka has identified IT as one of the major thrust areas in our development plan. Information Technology is essential for all our development goals such as
* good governance, * efficient services, * increased productivity and competitiveness in international trade and commerce, * facing up to the challenges of
globalisation, * development of Sri Lanka as a
commercial hub for the region, * increased value addition to our
exports and * the general improvement of the quality of life of our people”
E-COMMERCE/BUSINESSE-COMMERCE/BUSINESS
• NATIONAL EDI COMMITTEE• MEMBER OF CEFACT/AFACT• SRI LANKA EDI NETWORK SERVICES LTD.• E-COMMERCE ACTIVITIES • CINTEC INITIATIVE FOR
– CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES– DIGITAL SIGNATURE ACT– SECURITY CONCERNS
• PROMOTION OF USE OF E-C BY SME’S
E-GOVERNMENTE-GOVERNMENT
• INTERCHANGE OF INFORMATION• USE OF LOCAL LANGUAGES• TRANSPARENCY THROUGH
AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION• DISSEMINATION • WEB BASED PROVISION OF
INFORMATION• MTC BASED ACCESS TO INFORMATION
E-EDUCATIONE-EDUCATION
• IT IN EDUCATION• IT EDUCATION• IT AS A FACILITATOR FOR LEARNING• WEB BASED LEARNING• TELECONFERENCING• DISTANCE LEARNING• INTERACTIVE MULTI MEDIA• LOCAL CONTENT
ICT’S FOR SOCIETYICT’S FOR SOCIETY
• NON FORMAL DISTANCE EDUCATION• INFORMATION ACCESS BOTH WAYS• CONTENT CREATION• MARKET INFORMATION• EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES• TELE MEDICINE• AWARENESS OF DEVELOPMENT
INITIATIVES• LOW COST COMMUNICATION SERVICES
ICTs FOR R&DICTs FOR R&D
• ACCESS TO R&D LITERATURE• PEER CONTACT VIA THE INTERNET• DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY FACILITATING
DATA CAPTURE & PROCESSING• SHARING OF FINDINGS GLOBALLY• EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCES • FACILITATES JOINT R&D BETWEEN
REMOTE PARTNERS
THE NEEDSTHE NEEDS
• HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT• DEVELOP LOCAL EXPERTISE• LEGAL INFRASTRUCTURE• COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE• THE THREE C’S
– COORDINATION– COLLABORATION– COOPERATION
• ATTITUDINAL CHANGE • INVESTMENT• IPR VS AFFORDABLE COSTS• EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
• BUILD ON EXISTING SUCCESS STORIES
STATE ASSISTANCESTATE ASSISTANCE
• FREE EDUCATION UPTO UNIVERSITY• FREE HEALTH SERVICES• FREE SCHOOL BOOKS & UNIFORMS• NO TAX ON PUBLIC SERVANTS• POVERTY ALEVIATION PROGRAMS• RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS• DECENTRALISED BUDGET FOR
DEVELOPMENT• PRIORITY FOR IT
EXTERNAL ASSISTANCEEXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
• PROJECT BASED DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FROM MANY INTL & NATIONAL AGENCIES
• THIRD COUNTRY TRAINING PROGRAMS• SUSTAINABILITY AFTER COMPLETION?• INTEGRATION & LOCAL EXPERTISE
– NEED FOR USE OF IT
– NEED TO STENGTHEN LOCAL EXPERTISE
– RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT?
SIDA INITIATIVES
• UPPSALA PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY PROJECTS
• ASSISTANCE TO MAHAVELI PROJECT• SAREC RESEARCH PROJECTS/GRANTS• GRANTS TO NARESA/NSF• SIDA-IT PROJECT• REPUTATION FOR GENUINE SUPPORT
THE SIDA-IT PROJECTTHE SIDA-IT PROJECT
• SPLIT Ph.D.’s IN IT ( 8 FROM 4 SL UNIVERSITIES LINKED TO 4 SWEDISH UNIVERSITIES)
• DEVELOP ELECTRONIC INFRASTRUCTURE IN 3 UNIVERSITIES, 1 RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND LEARN ACADEMIC NETWORK
www.dsv.su.se/~gds/SidaIThomepage.htm
www.dsv.su.se/~gds/SidaIThomepage.htm
SIDA-IT SPLIT Ph.D. PROJECT - PARTICIPANTS
STUDENT SL UNIV. SW SUPERVISOR SL SUPERVISOR RESEARCH TOPIC
KdeZ UOC SM/SU DNR/UOC ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SECURITY
SJP UOC/ICT BW/SU APM/UOC REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING & SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELS
PJ UOR PJ/SU GNW/UOC DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
KMSL UOP ST/CUOT KL/UOP COMPUTER NETWORKS & DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
DEWVN UOM ST/CUOT HYRP/UPM COMPUTER NETWORKING
MALK UOR RW/MSU DNR/UOC PARALLEL COMPUTING
MKS UOC RW/MSU ARW/UOC COMPUTER SYSTEMS
HLP UOC BS/HU ARW/UOC USING NEURAL NETWORK TYECHNIOQUES FOR
IMAGE PROCESSING/FEATURE EXTRACTION
OTHER SWEDISH INITIATIVESOTHER SWEDISH INITIATIVES
• VOLVO • SKANSKA - KOTMALE MAHAVELI PROJECT• INDUSTRIAL & FINANCIAL SERVICES (IFS)• ERICSSON REGIONAL CENTRE• TELIA (SUNTEL)• THE LIFE ACADEMY
OTHER INITIATIVESOTHER INITIATIVES
• UNDP• UNESCO• BRITISH COUNCIL• JICA• CIDA• COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT• ITU• US AID• WORLD BANK
THE ADVANTAGESTHE ADVANTAGES
• EMPHASIS ON EDUCATION• IMPORTANCE OF CREATIVITY &
INNOVATION• MOVE TOWARDS INTERACTIVE MULTI
MEDIA• KNOWLEDGE BASED TECHNOLOGY• RE-EMERGENCE OF TRADITIONAL VALUES • COMPETITIVE COSTS • BENEFITS TO ALL• ACCEPTANCE OF ROLE OF IT BY ALL
CONCERNSCONCERNS
• GAP BETWEEN HAVE’S & HAVE-NOT’S GAP BETWEEN HAVE’S & HAVE-NOT’S • UNEMPLOYMENT IN GENERALUNEMPLOYMENT IN GENERAL• UNEMPLOYMENT OF HUNDREDS OF UNEMPLOYMENT OF HUNDREDS OF
THOUSANDS “TRAINED” IN ITTHOUSANDS “TRAINED” IN IT• COMPUTER CRIME & FRAUDCOMPUTER CRIME & FRAUD• RELATIVELY HIGH COST OF H/W & S/WRELATIVELY HIGH COST OF H/W & S/W• NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF INTERNET ETC.NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF INTERNET ETC.• DONOR POLICY DONOR POLICY
THE FUTURETHE FUTURE
THE FUTURETHE FUTURE
• THE GLOBAL VILLAGETHE GLOBAL VILLAGE– THE BANGALORE DECLARATION THE BANGALORE DECLARATION
• PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS– CENTRES OF EXCELLENCECENTRES OF EXCELLENCE
– DONOR RECEPIENT COLLABORATIONDONOR RECEPIENT COLLABORATION
– THE MODE 2 APPROACH TO R&DTHE MODE 2 APPROACH TO R&D
– NETWORKINGNETWORKING
• KNOWLEDGE SOCIETYKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY– THE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE INITIATIVETHE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE INITIATIVE
• ACCESS TO INFORMATION FOR ALLACCESS TO INFORMATION FOR ALL– UNESCO/ITU INITIATIVESUNESCO/ITU INITIATIVES
– MULTI PURPOSE TELECENTRESMULTI PURPOSE TELECENTRES
• GOOD GOVERNANCEGOOD GOVERNANCE
The Bangalore Declarationon Information Technology for
Developing Countries in the Global Village-1998
Information Technology presents developing countries with a historic window of opportunity that enables them to create national wealth and break the cycle of poverty and dependence they have been caught in and leverage their wealth of human resources to finally secure a rightful place for themselves in the Global Village.
From all perspectives
humanitarian, moral, ecological, economic and social - Information Technology has the potential to elevate the quality of human life everywhere.
It is imperative that we, the citizens of this Global Village, seize this historic opportunity.
LET US SHARE OUR KNOWLEDGE, LET US SHARE OUR KNOWLEDGE, RESOURCES, CAPABILITIES & RESOURCES, CAPABILITIES &
POTENTIAL FOR A TRULY GLOBAL POTENTIAL FOR A TRULY GLOBAL VILLAGE WHERE WE LIVE IN VILLAGE WHERE WE LIVE IN PEACE AND HARMONY AS A PEACE AND HARMONY AS A
SINGLE WORLD COMMUNITY SINGLE WORLD COMMUNITY
SOME USEFULL WEB SITESSOME USEFULL WEB SITES
• www.lk NATIONAL WEB WINDOW
• www.cintec.lk CINTEC
• www.cintec.lk/policy CINTEC - IT POLICY FORUM
• www.ac.lk LEARN
• www.ict.cmb.ac.lk ICT
• www.priu.lk PRESIDENTIAL RESEARCH & INFN. UNIT
• www.kirana.lk KIRANA COMMUNITY RADIO
• www. csa.iisc.ernet.in/bangit/global/index.html BANGALORE ITCOM
• www.globalknowledge.org THE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE PARTNERSHIP
• www.dsv.su.se/~gds/SidaIThomepage.htm SIDA-IT HOME PAGE
• www.unesco.org/webworld/future UNESCO FORUM FOR IIP
