Info and Mgt-1

8/2/2019 Info and Mgt-1

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dgjha 25/4/2012

Course

Outline1. Information and Management

2. Information System Analysis Overview

3. Information Gathering

4. System Requirement Specification

5. Feasibility Analysis

6. Data Flow diagrams7. Process Specification

8. Decision Table


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dgjha 35/4/2012

Course

Outline9. Logical Database Design

10. Data Input Methods

11. DataBase Management SystemReview

12. Object-Oriented System Modeling

13. Designing Outputs

14. Control, Audit and Security ofinformation Systems

15. Electronic Commerce


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5/4/2012 dgjha 4

Course facilitator:Prof Jha, Davendranath


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dgjha 55/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementData and information are not

synonymous. Information is processed

data.Data Processing task may include

Recording, Storing, Classifying, Sorting,Retrieving, Reporting, Communicating

Data may also be processed byperforming arithmetic operation on them


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dgjha 65/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Information requirements for managing organizations can

be classified as Strategic, Tactical and Operational. Strategic information is needed for long range planning.

They are highly unstructured and difficult to obtain.

Tactical information is used to take short term decisionsand for better controlling of the organizations functions.It requires complex and ingenious processing of data.

Operational information is used for routine day-to-daymanagement of organization. It is highly structured andcan be obtain by simple processing of data. They arevoluminous.

Statutory information consists of reports that aregenerated as per the law of state. They must be kept up-to-date and are subject to surprisechecks by theregulatory authority


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dgjha 75/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Management of organizations is divided

functionally. Depending on the size of theorganization, each function may be delegatedto different managers.

The information given to managers must beaccurate, complete and trustworthy. It must alsobe up-to-date and timely. It must be relevant,brief, attractively presented and itsunderstandable.

The primary functional areas of manyorganizations are Human Resources,Production, Materials, Finance, Marketing andResearch, Design and Development


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dgjha 85/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Top Managers are expected to make

policies and need strategic information.

Middle Level Managers direct andcontrol the functioning of organization toachieve optimal performance and needtactical information.

Line Managers supervise day-to-dayoperations and steer operations to meettargets set by Middle Managers. Theyneed operational information.


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dgjha 95/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementHospital Information System : Representative example Strategic

1. Cost-benefit of new expensive diagnostic instrumentsuch as CAT scanner.

2. Long-term forecasts for opening old age patients wing3. Technical development in routine diagnostic

instruments

Tactical1. Optimum replacement periods and use of expensive

instruments2. Optimum level of drugs to be stocked keeping in view

expiry dates of drugs

3. Operation theatre utilization data for improvedperformance


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dgjha 105/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementHospital Information System : Representative

example Operational

1. Absenteeism data of nurses and technicians2. Number of beds and schedules for admissions of

patients3. Billing patients

Statutory

1. Birth and death records2. Infectious diseases record3. Profit and loss account4. Data on restricted drug utilization


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dgjha 115/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementFinance Management System:

Representative example

Strategic Method of financing

Tactical

Impact of taxation on pricing

Operational

Scheduling production


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dgjha 125/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementMotor Car Manufacturing Industry :


Strategic Decision on introducing new model of car

Tactical

Assessing competitors car

Operational

Scheduling production


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dgjha 135/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementMaterials Management System :


Strategic Developing vendors for critical items

Tactical

Developing vendor performance measure

Operational

List of items rejected from the vendor


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dgjha 145/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Each function in an organization needs

operational, tactical and strategicinformation.

Transaction can be defined as abusiness activity that gets recordedpreferably in a predetermined format. Itcauses change/s in the system.

A request for retrieving a record from aMaster File can be termed asTransaction


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dgjha 155/4/2012

1: Information and

Management The method of processing data in which

transactions are grouped together andprocessed as a batch is called batchprocessing.

The method of processing data in whichtransactions are processed by a computer asand when they arise is called On-LineTransaction Processing (OLTP)

Routine data processing system/ Transactionprocessing system (DPS/TPS) are used toobtain operational information. They arenormally repetitive.


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dgjha 165/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Data abstracted from routine processing are further

processed using well taught out rules to obtain tacticalinformation. Such systems are called Managementinformation Systems (MIS)

Information from multiple sources in an organization arenormally presented in summarized or condensed formssuch as graphs and charts to aid top management to takestrategic decisions. Such systems are called DecisionSupport System (DSS)

Data used in operational data processing is normallystored as back up or for legal reasons. These are calleddata archives.

The archived data may be analyzed to obtain tactical andstrategic information. This is called data mining.


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dgjha 175/4/2012

1: Information and

Management On-Line Transaction Processing System V/s

Batch Processing System In on-line transaction processing the processing is

interactive. As soon as request is submitted it iscarried out immediately and the result is obtained.Here the response time is important.

In a batch processing number of request arecollected for a specified period and formed into abatch. The batch is processed to give output. Herethe throughput is important. Whenever data has tobe processed periodically batch processing ispreferred. E.g., Processing of students transcript.


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dgjha 185/4/2012

1: Information and

ManagementMIS V/S DSS

MIS provides tactical information to the top

management to take decisions, whereasDSS provides strategic information.

MIS requires extensive modeling andsimulation. DSS often needs correlation of

data from variety of sources andexamination of processed data fromvarious perspectives.


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dgjha 195/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Marketing Function (Indicative)

Tactical Information

Customer preferences

Impact of advertising Sales campaign and discounting

Sales force deployments and targets

In marketing DSS provides information like wherenew market can be opened, what will be the

marketing strategy? It also analyzes thecompetitors strategy. It also provides informationregarding what new technologies can be adoptedand what change in the product is required.


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dgjha 205/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Data archive

The operational data that are collected over aperiod of time is called the archival data. These

historical data is analyzed to observe the patterns.Certain rules are formulated based on these data tofind business trends by strategic management.

Data mining Data mining is a process in which large amount of

archival data (may be in terabytes) stored in disksare analyzed to observe the patterns which areused find some business trends. The rules are thenformulated and authenticated.


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dgjha 215/4/2012

1: Information and

Management Exercises

The characteristics of valuable information

Classification of system Important characteristics of different level

of managements

Characteristics of four broad categories of

Information Systems

Documents

Info and Mgt-1