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Enterobiasis
�Etiology:Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis / pin worm/ thread worm/ seatworm).seatworm).
�Habitat:Large intestine (caecum and appendix).Sometimes in ascending colon and ileum.
Route of infection:
1. Ingestion infectious egg2. Direct transfer/Autoinfection3. Retroinfection 3. Retroinfection 4. Inhalation : contaminated and airbone
transmission
Pathofisiology
� The adults are mainly located in the caecal region and female deposits her eggs on the anus and perianal skin usually at night.
� The sticky, gelatinous substance in which the ova are deposited and the movements of the female worm cause perianal pruritus.
Pathofisiology
� Adult worms undergo ectopic migration and may enter the female genital tract. Inside the uterus or fallopian tube they may become encapsulated and produce symptoms of salpingitis.salpingitis.
� The parasite may also become lodged in the lumen of the appendix leading to appendicitis.
Diagnosis
1. Anal swab ( N.I.H swab )
2. Suspected in children with perianal itching andscratching, sleeplessness and restlessness..scratching, sleeplessness and restlessness..
3. Typical egg shape in feces, nail clipings, bedlinen
Prevention
� Treat all family members.
� Personal grooming – clean and short fingernails.
� Personal hygiene – wash hands before eating and after defecation.Personal hygiene – wash hands before eating and after defecation.
� Frequent washing of bedlines and clothes with soap and water.
Mode of transmision
� Ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked pork harboring cysticercus cellulosae/cysticercus bovis.cellulosae/cysticercus bovis.
Pathofisiology
� Tertelan telur : cysticercosis
� Tertelan larva : taeniasis
� Taeniasis solium : autoinfeksi
� Gejala : ringan
� Pada manusia : taeniasis solium
Diagnosis
� QDP (Questionaire Demonstartion Proglottid)
� Motile proglottid in feces� Motile proglottid in feces
� Anal swab
Prevention
� Personal hygiene
� Avoid consuming raw or unproperly cooked porkpork
� Treatment of infected person
Amoebiasis
�Ethiology : E. histolytica- trophozoit : invasive form
- cyst : infective form
�Habitat : large intestine
Transmision
� Ingestion of the mature quadrinucleate cysts. Trophozoites play no role in transmission.
� Direct person to person transmision
� Contamination of water� Contamination of water
� Contamination of food
� Via flies and cockroaches
� Sexual transmision
� Animal reservoir
Pathofisiology
� E. histolytica frequently lives as a commensal in the lumen of the large intestine without causing disease.
� May invade the colon wall, produce � May invade the colon wall, produce ulcerations and intestinal symptoms, and migrate via the blood stream to the liver, where it produces hepatic abcesses.
Pathofisiology
� Infection by E. histolytica is mostly
asymptomatic.
- Under certain circumstances involving the - Under certain circumstances involving the
host and parasite factors, E.
histoytica becomes invasive.