Infectious Waste Mgmt in HCO

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Infectious Waste Management in

Healthcare Organization

Presentation by: Dr. Natasha Kaul

MBA Hospital Management

Final Semester

Subject: Hospital Waste Management

Faculty: Mr. Kapil Ingole

Date : 12th April 2012



What is Infectious waste ?

Infectious waste is suspected to contain pathogens (bacteria,

viruses, parasites, or fungi)

in sufficient concentration or quantity

to cause disease in susceptible hosts.

Infectious wastes (also called biomedical waste)include human waste, animal waste and objects and

materials contaminated with blood and body fluidscontaining disease-causing micro-organisms orviruses.

24-Apr-122 Infectious Waste Management in HCO



It includes

Cultures and stocks of infectious agents fromlaboratory work;

Waste from surgery and autopsies on patients withinfectious diseases

Waste from infected patients in isolation wardsWaste that has been in contact with infected patients

undergoing haemodialysis

Infected animals from laboratories;

Any other instruments or materials that have been incontact with infected persons or animals.




Sharps

Sharps are items that could cause cuts or puncturewounds:

Needles

Scalpel

Blades Knives

Infusion sets

Other sharp instruments

Whether infected or not –

highly hazardous. Often considered to be a sub category of infectious

wastes.




Hazards from infectious wastes

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Infectious wastes contain a great variety ofpathogenic organisms which can enter the human

body via:

Puncture, abrasion or cut in skin,

Mucous membranes Ingestion

Inhalation

Special concern:

HIV

Hepatitis B and C

E-Coli



Sharps – Double Risk


Injury Disease Transmission

Hypodermic needles are very high risk

Contaminated with human blood

Easy penetration into skin



Examples of infections caused


Infection Type Organism Vehicle

Gastro enteric infections Enterobacteria Faeces and/or Vomit

Respiratory infections M. Tuberculosis Inhaled secretion/saliva

S. Pnuemoniae

Measles virus

Candidaemia Candida Albicans Blood

Ocular Infection Herpes virus Eye secretions



Public health impact of infectious waste


Risk for: Healthcare Workers

Waste management operators

General public – spread of epidemics

Dangerous numbers;

June1994 -39 cases of occupational transmission ofAIDS.

Out of which 32 were by hypodermic needles

Highest risk group is nursing staff.



WHO principles


Polluter pays

Precautionary

Duty of care

Proximity

Waste reduction, recycling and reuse-



Hospital waste management structure




Healthcare waste workers protection




Personnel protection


Protective clothing

Personal hygiene

Immunization

Management Practices

Emergency spillage clearance

Response to injury and exposure






Symbols at all appropriate places.




Administrative controls


Conducting a risk assessment of the materials inuse

Adhering to vaccination schedules and training

schedules

Training personnel to handle specific infectiousmaterials and their hazards

Promoting individual awareness of personalprotective equipment use and engineeringcontrols (sample containers) to minimize oreliminate potential exposure



Sharps precaution


Do not recap, bend, break, or otherwise manipulateused needles by hand.

Do not remove used needles from disposable syringes.

Place used sharps in labeled or color-coded puncture-resistant, leak-proof, closable, sharps containers fordisposal.

Do not overfill sharps containers.

Consider the use of alternative, non-sharps equipmentwhenever possible.






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WASTE

CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT AND

DISPOSAL OPTION

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human

tissues, organs, body parts) Incineration@ / deep

burial*

Category No. 2

Animal Waste

(Animal tissues, organs, body parts,

carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and

experimental animals used in research,

waste generated by veterinary hospitals

and colleges, discharge from hospitals,

animal houses)

Incineration@ / deep

burial*

Category No. 3

Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks

or specimen of live micro organisms or

attenuated vaccines, human and animal

cell cultures used in research and

infectious agents from research and

industrial laboratories, wastes from

production of biologicals, toxins anddevices used for transfer of cultures)

Local autoclaving/

microwaving /

incineration@

CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE – I

Disinfecting (chemical



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Category No. 4 Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes,

scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may

cause puncture and cuts. This

includes both used and unused

sharps)

Disinfecting (chemical

treatment@@ /

autoclaving /

microwaving and

mutilation /

shredding##

Category No. 5 Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic

drugs (Wastes comprising of

outdated, contaminated and

discarded medicines)

Incineration@ /

destruction and drugs

disposal in secured

landfills

Category No. 6 Soiled Waste (Items contaminated

with body fluids including cotton,

dressings, soiled plaster casts, lines,

bedding and other materials

contaminated with blood.)

Incineration@ /

autoclaving /

microwaving

Category No. 7 Solid Waste (Waste generated from

disposable items other than the

waste sharps such as tubing,

catheters, intravenous sets, etc.)

Disinfecting by

chemical treatment@@

/ autoclaving /

microwaving and

mutilation / shredding#



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Category No. 8 Liquid Waste (Waste generated from

the laboratory and washing,

cleaning, house keeping and

disinfecting activities)

Disinfecting by

chemical treatment@@

and discharge into

drains

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash (Ash fromincineration of any biomedical waste) Disposal in municipal

landfill

Category No.10 Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in

production of biologicals, chemicals

used in disinfecting, as insecticides,

etc.)

Chemical treatment@@ and discharge into

drains for liquids and

secured landfill for

solids.







There is lots more that can be put under this topic. Time considerations

Have included most important issues

Thanks a lot

References:

WHO waste handling manual

Documents

Infectious Waste Mgmt in HCO