Infections of the pigInfections of the pig

Viral infections of the respiratory Viral infections of the respiratory tracttract

PRRSPRRS Cirkovirus (PCV2)Cirkovirus (PCV2) Aujeszky disease - PseudorabiesAujeszky disease - Pseudorabies Inclusion rhinitisInclusion rhinitis Swine influenzaSwine influenza

Porcine Reproductive and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory disease syndrome Respiratory disease syndrome

virusvirus

Affinitou to respiratory ang genital systemAffinitou to respiratory ang genital system Antigennic variability, european and Antigennic variability, european and

american genotypesamerican genotypes Strains differ in virulenceStrains differ in virulence

PRRS

PRRS

PathogenesisPathogenesis

Infection by inhalation–aerosolInfection by inhalation–aerosol Alveolar macrophage are target cells for Alveolar macrophage are target cells for

primary replicationprimary replication Respiratory signs are apparent in piglets Respiratory signs are apparent in piglets

older than 3 weeksolder than 3 weeks Antibodies can enhance virus infectionAntibodies can enhance virus infection

PRRS

PRRS

Pathological changesPathological changes

Periocullar oedema, conjunctivitis, blue Periocullar oedema, conjunctivitis, blue coloration of eyes, vulva and snoutcoloration of eyes, vulva and snout

Interstitial pneumonia, loss of cilliar epithelial Interstitial pneumonia, loss of cilliar epithelial cellscells

PRRS

PRRS

Porcine Circovirus 2Porcine Circovirus 2

PMWS (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome)

PCV-2

PCV-2

Clinical signsClinical signs

Affected age category 5 – 12 weeksAffected age category 5 – 12 weeks Respiratory signsRespiratory signs Growth retardationGrowth retardation Enlargement of lymph nodesEnlargement of lymph nodes Anemia, icterusAnemia, icterus FeverFever

PCV-2

PCV-2

PMWSPMWS (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome)Syndrome)

PDNSPDNS (Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy (Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome)Syndrome)

PCV-2

PPV PRRS

StressVirus genotype?

Immunostimulation

ImmunosupressionPMWS

Pathogenesis is still unclear !!Pathogenesis is still unclear !!

PCV-2 + immunomodulation = PCV-2 + immunomodulation = PMWSPMWS

Immunosupression in PCV2 infectionImmunosupression in PCV2 infection

Lymphoid depletionLymphoid depletion Loss of lymphatic folliclesLoss of lymphatic follicles Atrophy of lymphatic organsAtrophy of lymphatic organs Loss of circulating B and T lymphocytesLoss of circulating B and T lymphocytes

Secondary infectionSecondary infection Doesn´t produce antibodiesDoesn´t produce antibodies Doesn´t respond to vaccinationDoesn´t respond to vaccination

PRDC – PCV2PRDC – PCV2

Porcine respiratory disease complex Porcine respiratory disease complex syndromesyndrome

MultiethiologicalMultiethiological Age category 16 or more weeksAge category 16 or more weeks Virus is in the lung tissue, no PA Virus is in the lung tissue, no PA

changes in lymphonodeschanges in lymphonodes

Swine influenzaSwine influenza

Acute, febrile diseaseAcute, febrile disease Cough, fever, ocullar and nasal Cough, fever, ocullar and nasal

dischargedischarge Very short incubation periodVery short incubation period Colostral antibodies doesn´t protect Colostral antibodies doesn´t protect

agains diseaseagains disease

Aujeszky disease- Aujeszky disease- Pseudorabies Pseudorabies

Pig is the primary host and the Pig is the primary host and the reservoior for the virusreservoior for the virus

Respiratory transmissionRespiratory transmission Incubation period 2-3 daysIncubation period 2-3 days Primary replication in oropharynxPrimary replication in oropharynx Latency in g. trigeminaleLatency in g. trigeminale

Aujeszky disease- Aujeszky disease- Pseudorabies Pseudorabies

Fever, anorexia, vomiting, ataxia, Fever, anorexia, vomiting, ataxia, respiratory signs respiratory signs

PneumoniaPneumonia Necrotizing tonsilitisNecrotizing tonsilitis KeratoconjunktivitisKeratoconjunktivitis

Bacterial infections in the Bacterial infections in the respiratory systemrespiratory system

The upper respiratory tract I.The upper respiratory tract I. Non progresive rhinitis atrophicans Non progresive rhinitis atrophicans

(bordetelosis)(bordetelosis)– Bordetella bronchisepticaBordetella bronchiseptica

progresive rhinitis atrophicans progresive rhinitis atrophicans (toxinogennic pasteurellosis)(toxinogennic pasteurellosis)– Pasteurella multocidaPasteurella multocida

(dermonecrotoxin- positive strains)(dermonecrotoxin- positive strains)

The lower respiratory tract II. - The lower respiratory tract II. - pneumonia pneumonia

enzootic pneumoniaenzootic pneumonia– Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeMycoplasma hyopneumoniae – M.hyorhinisM.hyorhinis

(acute pasteurellosis)(acute pasteurellosis)– P. multocidaP. multocida type A, D,. type A, D,.– Bordetella bronchisepticaBordetella bronchiseptica

(piglets older than 3 or 4 days) (piglets older than 3 or 4 days)

– Arcanobacterium pyogenesArcanobacterium pyogenes – Streptococcus suisStreptococcus suis (serovars 2,1, 7) (serovars 2,1, 7)

The lower respiratory tract III.The lower respiratory tract III.

Pleuropneumonia (peracute or acute)Pleuropneumonia (peracute or acute)– A.pleuropneumoniaeA.pleuropneumoniae (serovars 7,9,11) (serovars 7,9,11)

chronic pleuropneumonia chronic pleuropneumonia – A.pleuropneumoniaeA.pleuropneumoniae (serovar 2) (serovar 2)

PleuritisPleuritis– Haemophilus parasuisHaemophilus parasuis

Viral diseases of the urogenital Viral diseases of the urogenital systemsystem

Porcine ParvovirusPorcine Parvovirus PRRSPRRS PseudorabiesPseudorabies Porcine Circovirus 2Porcine Circovirus 2 La piedad virusLa piedad virus

PRRSPRRS

Abortions, premature delivery, weak Abortions, premature delivery, weak piglets, agalactiapiglets, agalactia

Late pregnancyLate pregnancy Virus is disseminated by infected Virus is disseminated by infected

macrophagesmacrophages Placenta is not permeabile till the ½ Placenta is not permeabile till the ½

of the pregnancyof the pregnancy No macroscopic changes on aborted No macroscopic changes on aborted

pigletspiglets

PathogenesisPathogenesis

Incubation period 7 – 10 daysIncubation period 7 – 10 days

Maximal virus shedding 3. – 13. days Maximal virus shedding 3. – 13. days

p.i.p.i.

Length of shedding 10 – 35 days, Length of shedding 10 – 35 days,

urine, feces, semen, nasal secretionsurine, feces, semen, nasal secretions

PCV-2

PCV-2

Circovirus diseasesCircovirus diseases

Virus is present in the semen of Virus is present in the semen of boarsboars

Transplacental infectionTransplacental infection– AbortionsAbortions– MumificationMumification– Dead pigletsDead piglets

Affected age categoriesAffected age categories

PigletsPiglets– PMWSPMWS– PDNSPDNS– PRDCPRDC– Secondary infectionSecondary infection

SowsSows– Reproductive signsReproductive signs

PigletsPiglets– PneumoniaPneumonia– PRDCPRDC– Secondary infectionSecondary infection

SowsSows– Reproductive signsReproductive signs

BoarsBoars

Virus sheddingVirus shedding

Respiratory routeRespiratory route ContactContact Orofecal transmissionOrofecal transmission

Transplacental Transplacental infectioninfection

Shedding in the semenShedding in the semen

Respiratory routeRespiratory route ContactContact

Transplacental Transplacental infectioninfection

Shedding in the semenShedding in the semen

DiagnosticsDiagnostics

Virus quantificationVirus quantification Detection of Detection of

antobodies - antobodies - senslesssensless

Virus detection (RT-Virus detection (RT-PCR)PCR)

Detection of Detection of antibodiesantibodies

Porcine ParvovirusPorcine Parvovirus EnzooticEnzootic

Infection by oronasal route, shedding in feces last Infection by oronasal route, shedding in feces last for at least 14 daysfor at least 14 days

Viremia – transplacental infectionViremia – transplacental infection

abortions, mumificationabortions, mumification

Only one piglets from the litter can be affectedOnly one piglets from the litter can be affected

Infection in adult animals in inapparentInfection in adult animals in inapparent

Aujeszkyho disease - Aujeszkyho disease - PseudorabiesPseudorabies

Abortions in sows, stillbirth or Abortions in sows, stillbirth or mumificationmumification

Infection is followed by infections in Infection is followed by infections in 10 days10 days

Periorchitis in boarsPeriorchitis in boars

Porcine EnterovirusPorcine Enterovirus

SMEDI syndromeSMEDI syndrome

THE URINARY SYSTEMTHE URINARY SYSTEM

cystitiscystitis– E.coli E.coli

cyto-pyelonephritiscyto-pyelonephritis– Actinobaculum suisActinobaculum suis – E.coliE.coli

THE REPRODUCTIVE THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

abortionsabortions– Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiaeLeptospira icterohaemorrhagiae

– Haemophilus parasuisHaemophilus parasuis endometritis/metritisendometritis/metritis

– co-infection with G- bacteria co-infection with G- bacteria – E.coli, Pasteurella sppE.coli, Pasteurella spp., .,

Viral infections of enteric tractViral infections of enteric tract

Transmissible gastroenteritis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virus Swine RotavirusSwine Rotavirus Classical swine fever virus Classical swine fever virus Vesicular stomatitis virus Vesicular stomatitis virus

Transmissible gastroenteritis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virus

Enzootic diseaseEnzootic disease Coronavirus with tropism to mature Coronavirus with tropism to mature

enterocytesenterocytes Oral infectionOral infection Sudden onset, incubation period 2-3 daysSudden onset, incubation period 2-3 days Malabsorption syndrome, watery diarrhoeaMalabsorption syndrome, watery diarrhoea High mortality (2-3 days p.i.) decrease High mortality (2-3 days p.i.) decrease

with age (till 14 days - almost 100%)with age (till 14 days - almost 100%)

Transmissible gastroenteritis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virus

Systemic antibodies doesn´t protectSystemic antibodies doesn´t protect Lactogennic immunity (IgA) is Lactogennic immunity (IgA) is

necessarynecessary

Porcine RotavirusPorcine Rotavirus

Ubikvitous virusUbikvitous virus Host specificity, cross reactivityHost specificity, cross reactivity Critical period:Critical period:

1 – 3 weeks1 – 3 weeks 2-7 days post weaning2-7 days post weaning

White, yellow watery diarrhoeaWhite, yellow watery diarrhoea Pathogenesis is similar to TGEPathogenesis is similar to TGE

Bacterial infections in Bacterial infections in THE ALIMENTARY TRACTTHE ALIMENTARY TRACT

THE ALIMENTARY TRACT I.THE ALIMENTARY TRACT I.

necrotic stomatitisnecrotic stomatitis– Fusobacterium necroforum, Fusobacterium necroforum, – Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus

gastritis gastritis – Helicobacter suisHelicobacter suis ?? ??

THE ALIMENTARY TRACT II.THE ALIMENTARY TRACT II. Enteritis /enterotoxicosis/enterotoxemia/Enteritis /enterotoxicosis/enterotoxemia/ colibacillosis:colibacillosis:

– neonatal diarrhoea, neonatal diarrhoea, E.coliE.coli : F4, F5, F6, ST, LT positive : F4, F5, F6, ST, LT positive– E.coli (ETEC,ETEEC) postweaning diarrhoea: E.coli (ETEC,ETEEC) postweaning diarrhoea: E. coliE. coli F18, F18,

F4F4 Oedema diseases, Oedema diseases, E. coliE. coli : VT positive (VTEC) : VT positive (VTEC)

isolatesisolates necrotic enteritis in piglets necrotic enteritis in piglets C. perfringens type C. perfringens type

AA , , cpb2+cpb2+ Haemorrhagic enetritisHaemorrhagic enetritis

– C. perfringens typ CC. perfringens typ C– Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella Typhimurium – Salmonella CholeraesuisSalmonella Choleraesuis

THE ALIMENTARY TARCT III.THE ALIMENTARY TARCT III.– Bacillus cereus, enterotoxines positive strains (ET+).Bacillus cereus, enterotoxines positive strains (ET+).

proliferative enteropathy ("ileitis") proliferative enteropathy ("ileitis") – Lawsonia intracellularisLawsonia intracellularis

swine dysenteryswine dysentery– Brachyspira hyodysenteriaeBrachyspira hyodysenteriae

colonic spirochaetosiscolonic spirochaetosis– Brachyspira pilosicoliBrachyspira pilosicoli

polyserositis and peritonitispolyserositis and peritonitis– H.parasuis H.parasuis – M.hyopneumoniaeM.hyopneumoniae

Viral infections of CNSViral infections of CNS

PseudorabiesPseudorabies Porcine Enterovirus (Teschovirus)Porcine Enterovirus (Teschovirus) Nipah virusNipah virus

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMSYSTEM

meningo-encephalitismeningo-encephalitis– Streptococcus suis type 2 Streptococcus suis type 2 – Haemophilus parasuis Haemophilus parasuis – Salmonella Choleraesuis Salmonella Choleraesuis – Listeria monocytogenesListeria monocytogenes

Porcine TeschovirusPorcine Teschovirus

PicornavirusPicornavirus Polioencephalomyelitis, frequent Polioencephalomyelitis, frequent

inapparent infectionsinapparent infections Highly virulen strains are causing Highly virulen strains are causing

(serotype 1) Teschen disease with high (serotype 1) Teschen disease with high mortalitymortality

Replication in the gut and mononuclear Replication in the gut and mononuclear cells of Lamina propria, hematogenous cells of Lamina propria, hematogenous spread to CNSspread to CNS

Fever, ataxia, convulsions, paralysisFever, ataxia, convulsions, paralysis

PseudorabiesPseudorabies

In piglets onlyIn piglets only Depression, ataxia, tremor, Depression, ataxia, tremor,

convulsion, pruritusconvulsion, pruritus Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis

and ganglioneuritisand ganglioneuritis

THE BLOODTHE BLOOD SEPTICEMIASEPTICEMIA

– Salmonella Choleraesuis Salmonella Choleraesuis – E.rhusiopathiae E.rhusiopathiae – Streptococcus suis type 1,2Streptococcus suis type 1,2– S. equi subsp. equisimilis, S. porcinus S. equi subsp. equisimilis, S. porcinus – Actinobacillus suis, Actinobacillus suis, – A.pleuropneumoniae, A.pleuropneumoniae, – H.parasuisH.parasuis– E.coliE.coli

endocarditisendocarditis– Streptococcus suis ,Streptococcus suis , – A.pleuropneumoniaeA.pleuropneumoniae– E.rhusiopathiaeE.rhusiopathiae

THE MUSCULOSKELETAL THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM

artritis-polyartritisartritis-polyartritis– Streptococcus suis, type 1Streptococcus suis, type 1– S.dysgalactiae, S.dysgalactiae, – H.parasuis H.parasuis – Mycoplasma hyosinoviae, Mycoplasma hyosinoviae, – M.hyorhinis M.hyorhinis – Actinobacillus suis Actinobacillus suis – Arcanobacterium pyogenes, E.rhusiopathiaeArcanobacterium pyogenes, E.rhusiopathiae

Virus infections of the skinVirus infections of the skin

Porcine Circovirus 2 Porcine Circovirus 2 Porcine poxvirusPorcine poxvirus Foot and mouth disease virusFoot and mouth disease virus Vesicular exanthema virusVesicular exanthema virus Porcine Vesicular diseasePorcine Vesicular disease

THE SKINTHE SKIN

Exudative epidermitis Exudative epidermitis – Staphylococcus hyicusStaphylococcus hyicus

Pustular dermatitis Pustular dermatitis – Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus

ErysipelasErysipelas– E. rhusiopathiae E. rhusiopathiae

abscesesabsceses– Actinomyces pyogenes, Actinomyces pyogenes, – S.porcinus, F.necroforumS.porcinus, F.necroforum