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61
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
IN
DU
ST
RY
VIE
WP
OIN
T
ON
AM
MO
NIA
TR
AIN
ING
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
A
N O
VE
RV
IEW
IND
US
TR
Y V
IEW
PO
INT
ON
AM
MO
NIA
TR
AIN
ING
Car
sten
Dah
lgaa
rd,
indu
stri
al r
efri
gera
tion
glo
bal
mar
keti
ng d
irec
tor
at D
anfo
ss
Th
e b
igg
es
t c
ha
lle
ng
e t
od
ay
is t
he
lac
k o
f s
kil
led
pe
op
le a
ble
to
op
era
te
the
se
sys
tem
s [
NH
32 s
yste
ms
], fr
om
bo
th t
he
en
gin
ee
rin
g a
nd
co
ntr
ac
tor
sid
e.
Th
e k
no
wle
dg
e t
od
ay
on
ho
w t
o
ha
nd
le a
nd
bu
ild
su
ch
sys
tem
s i
s s
till
very
lim
ite
d, a
lth
ou
gh
we
ha
ve s
ee
n
so
me
im
pro
vem
en
ts.
Da
nfo
ss
str
ate
gy
is t
he
refo
re t
o a
lso
he
lp o
ur
cu
sto
me
rs
by
pro
vid
ing
su
pp
ort
wit
h t
rain
ing
.
Pet
er W
hite
, di
rect
or
of P
olar
Pum
ps
50
% o
f th
os
e w
e t
rain
are
fo
r a
mm
on
ia
an
d t
his
se
em
s t
o b
e g
row
ing
. T
he
ind
us
try
is c
ha
ng
ing
as
re
frig
era
nts
ha
ve g
on
e f
rom
CF
Cs
, HC
FC
s, H
FC
s a
nd
no
w o
n t
o H
FO
s.
Pe
op
le w
an
t a
bit
of
se
cu
rity
; a
mm
on
ia h
as
be
en
he
re s
inc
e
fore
ver
an
d i
t w
ill
sta
y h
ere
fo
reve
r.
Jaso
n C
lark
, se
nior
tra
inin
g co
nsul
tant
at
the
Gri
msb
y In
stit
ute
of R
efri
gera
tion
Th
e in
du
str
y le
ad
s a
nd
we
fo
llow
alo
ng
.
Th
ere
s n
o p
oin
t u
s p
utt
ing
ou
t tr
ain
ing
if t
he
res
no
ind
us
try
ou
t th
ere
wa
nti
ng
it..
. An
d a
s t
he
ind
us
try
intr
od
uc
es
all
of
the
se
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
, th
e t
rain
ing
se
cto
r w
ill c
atc
h u
p a
nd
it w
ill m
ing
le in
.
I d
o t
hin
k it
is ju
st
a m
att
er
of
tim
e.
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
62
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
A
N O
VE
RV
IEW
IN
TE
RV
IEW
S
Wh
at h
as b
een
yo
ur
bal
ance
so
far
reg
ard
ing
trai
nin
g o
n n
atu
ral r
efri
ger
ants
?
Embr
aco
is c
omm
itte
d to
edu
cati
ng t
he m
arke
t
on t
he s
afet
y an
d ha
ndlin
g of
hyd
roca
rbon
s,
end-
user
s, s
uppo
rtin
g tr
aini
ng p
rovi
ders
, bei
ng
stak
ehol
ders
of
EU A
lter
nati
ve R
efri
gera
nts
e-le
arni
ng a
nd o
rgan
izin
g w
ebin
ars.
The
sco
pe is
to im
prov
e te
chni
cal s
kills
and
the
atte
ntio
n to
reg
ulat
ions
, sta
ndar
ds a
nd g
uide
lines
,
wit
h a
part
icul
ar f
ocus
on
safe
ty, d
uty
of c
are,
risk
ass
essm
ent
and
resp
onsi
ble
appr
oach
.
The
spr
ead
of h
ydro
carb
ons
is in
crea
sing
onc
e
mor
e, b
oth
for
havi
ng n
eglig
ible
impa
cts
on
the
envi
ronm
ent
and
for
the
impo
rtan
t ro
le
cons
umpt
ion,
whi
ch m
eans
tha
t it
sol
ves
both
Wh
at h
as b
een
th
e fe
edb
ack
fro
m p
eop
le
par
tici
pat
ing
in t
he
nat
ura
l ref
rig
eran
ts t
rain
ing
sess
ion
s o
rgan
ized
by
you
r o
rgan
izat
ion
?
The
inte
rest
in N
atur
al r
efri
gera
nts
trai
ning
is v
ery
high
, and
is in
tend
ed to
gro
w, d
ue to
a
low
kno
wle
dge
on t
he u
se a
nd m
anag
emen
t
of h
ydro
carb
ons
insi
de t
he s
yste
m.
The
re a
re s
till
som
e co
ncer
ns a
nd m
isco
ncep
tion
s
Pre
pare
d an
d re
spon
sibl
e te
chni
cian
s w
ill fa
cilit
ate
the
diff
usio
n of
Nat
ural
Ref
rige
rant
s, o
ptim
izin
g
perf
orm
ance
, ene
rgy
savi
ng, e
nvir
onm
enta
l
atte
ndin
g tr
aini
ngs
on N
atur
al R
efri
gera
nts,
is t
he in
crea
se o
f th
e ch
arge
lim
it o
f pr
opan
e
(now
is <
150g
) an
d th
ere
is a
com
mon
eff
ort
to m
ake
it u
p to
300
-500
gra
ms
to c
over
all
plug
-in ra
nge
wit
h si
ngle
cir
cuit
sol
utio
n
reco
mm
ende
d, in
ord
er t
o be
st e
xplo
it t
he
pote
ntia
l of
prop
ane
in b
igge
r sy
stem
s.
Wh
at d
o y
ou
see
as
the
mai
n
chal
len
ges
an
d b
arri
ers
to o
ffer
nat
ura
l
refr
iger
ants
tra
inin
g in
Eu
rop
e?
info
rmed
als
o ab
out
the
use
of h
ydro
carb
ons.
Vit
tori
o I
orm
ett
i D
&A
M T
ec
hn
ica
l S
up
po
rt -
Em
bra
co
INTE
RV
IEW
S
Sin
ce E
mbr
aco
belie
ves
on t
he R
290
as t
he
refr
iger
ants
of
the
futu
re w
orld
wid
e, h
avin
g an
in o
rder
to d
isso
lve
risk
s of
hyd
roca
rbon
s
mor
eove
r he
lp in
stal
lers
to a
dopt
sol
utio
ns
wit
h th
ese
refr
iger
ants
ear
lier,
by o
ffer
ing
them
sec
urit
y an
d tr
ust
on h
ydro
carb
ons.
A b
ig c
halle
nge
to s
uppo
rt t
he s
prea
d
of h
ydro
carb
ons
is t
he n
eed
of h
igh
the
char
ge s
tati
on f
or p
ropa
ne.
Ho
w m
any
peo
ple
has
yo
ur
org
aniz
atio
n
trai
ned
last
yea
r, a
nd
wh
at is
yo
ur
esti
mat
e
for
the
com
ing
yea
rs o
n t
his
nu
mb
er?
Sin
ce y
ears
Em
brac
o is
com
mit
ted
to e
duca
ting
the
mar
ket o
n th
e sa
fety
and
han
dlin
g of
hyd
roca
rbon
s,
dist
ribu
tors
and
end
-use
rs, s
uppo
rtin
g tr
aini
ng
prov
ider
s, b
eing
sta
keho
lder
s of
EU
Alt
erna
tive
Ref
rige
rant
s e-
lear
ning
and
org
aniz
ing
web
inar
s.
In t
he la
st y
ears
are
gro
win
g in
num
bers
tra
inin
g
prov
ider
s an
d Em
brac
o is
will
ing
to f
ocus
even
mor
e to
sup
port
the
m w
ith
mat
eria
l and
reso
urce
s; t
hey
attr
act
prod
ucer
s an
d in
stal
lers
in a
ll Eu
rope
and
in t
he w
orld
and
the
y re
leas
e
63
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
IN
TE
RV
IEW
S
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
A
N O
VE
RV
IEW
BIT
ZE
Rs
SC
HA
UFL
ER
Aca
dem
y o
pen
ed la
st
for
tech
nic
ian
s/en
gin
eers
in t
he
HV
AC
&R
sect
or.
Wh
at h
as b
een
yo
ur
asse
ssm
ent
so f
ar
reg
ard
ing
tra
inin
g o
n n
atu
ral r
efri
ger
ants
?
The
inte
rest
in o
ur t
rain
ing
at t
he S
CH
AU
FLER
Aca
dem
y in
Rot
tenb
urg
(Ger
man
y) h
as b
een
2 an
d am
mon
ia s
emin
ars
in
part
icul
ar a
re m
uch
in d
eman
d, b
ut p
ropa
ne
is c
onst
antl
y gr
owin
g in
impo
rtan
ce to
o.
the
syst
ems
and
thus
the
nee
d fo
r tr
aini
ng
2 (R
744)
for
exa
mpl
e ha
s a
glob
al w
arm
ing
pote
ntia
l (G
WP
) of
1, m
akin
g it
virt
ually
clim
ate-
neut
ral.
How
ever
the
the
rmal
Wh
at h
as b
een
th
e fe
edb
ack
fro
m p
eop
le
par
tici
pat
ing
in t
he
nat
ura
l ref
rig
eran
ts t
rain
ing
sess
ion
s o
rgan
ised
by
you
r o
rgan
isat
ion
?
The
fee
dbac
k fr
om o
ur s
emin
ars
has
been
unan
imou
sly
posi
tive
. The
par
tici
pant
s ar
e
enth
usia
stic
abo
ut t
he a
mou
nt o
f in
form
atio
n an
d
are
led
by e
mpl
oyee
s w
ith
plen
ty o
f pr
acti
cal
expe
rien
ce f
rom
the
app
licat
ion
engi
neer
ing
depa
rtm
ent,
from
sal
es a
nd f
rom
pro
duct
Wh
at h
as b
een
yo
ur
bal
ance
so
far
reg
ard
ing
trai
nin
g o
n n
atu
ral r
efri
ger
ants
?
We
have
han
dled
in 2
016
seve
ral t
rain
ing
cour
ses
for
our
part
ners
in h
andl
ing
and
repa
rati
on o
f
2 co
mpr
esso
rs o
n di
ffer
ent
appl
icat
ions
. We
stro
ngly
con
side
r th
at t
he t
rain
ing
of o
pera
tors
is d
eepl
y im
port
ant
in o
rder
to m
ake
tran
scri
tica
l
appl
icat
ions
eas
ier
and
mor
e ap
prec
iate
d.
very
inte
rest
ing
tech
nolo
gy is
abs
olut
ely
the
basi
s
for
a fu
rthe
r de
velo
pmen
t of
Nat
ural
Ref
rige
rati
on
Wh
at h
as b
een
th
e fe
edb
ack
fro
m p
eop
le
par
tici
pat
ing
in t
he
nat
ura
l ref
rig
eran
ts t
rain
ing
sess
ion
s o
rgan
ized
by
you
r o
rgan
izat
ion
?
All
the
part
icip
ants
wer
e pr
ofou
ndly
inte
rest
ed
and
grat
eful
for
the
ver
y m
uch
inte
rest
ing
info
rmat
ion
give
n. T
hey
also
app
reci
ated
ver
y
muc
h th
e ch
ance
to h
ave
a ha
nds
on e
xper
ienc
e
wit
h th
e m
achi
nes
whi
le a
tten
ding
the
cou
rse.
ener
gy c
once
pt w
hich
has
won
sev
eral
awar
ds, a
nd h
ow m
oder
n sy
stem
s ca
n be
use
d
Wh
at d
o y
ou
see
as
the
mai
n
chal
len
ges
an
d b
arri
ers
to o
ffer
nat
ura
l
refr
iger
ants
tra
inin
g in
Eu
rop
e?
The
sec
tor
is s
tron
gly
char
acte
rise
d by
sm
all
busi
ness
es e
mpl
oyin
g cr
afts
men
, who
sim
ply
cour
ses.
It is
als
o co
mpa
rati
vely
exp
ensi
ve f
or
them
. Eve
ryon
e ha
s to
try
har
d to
tak
e su
itab
le
mea
sure
s an
d cr
eate
the
rig
ht m
otiv
atio
n. A
part
from
tha
t, th
ere
are
curr
entl
y no
t en
ough
tra
inin
g
opti
ons.
For
abo
ut 2
,850
spe
cial
ist
com
pani
es in
this
cou
ntry
for
exa
mpl
e, t
here
are
just
a h
andf
ul
of t
rain
ing
faci
litie
s, s
o w
ith
the
inte
rnat
iona
l
SC
HA
UFL
ER A
cade
my,
BIT
ZER
has
cre
ated
a
mod
ern
faci
lity
whi
ch is
ope
n to
eve
ryon
e.
Ho
w m
any
peo
ple
did
yo
ur
org
aniz
atio
n
trai
n la
st y
ear,
an
d w
hat
is y
ou
r es
tim
ate
for
the
com
ing
yea
rs o
n t
his
nu
mb
er?
In 2
016
we
trai
ned
2,30
0 sp
ecia
lists
at
the
SC
HA
UFL
ER A
cade
my.
A n
umbe
r th
at w
e ar
e
prou
d of
. Nev
erth
eles
s, n
ow a
nd in
the
fut
ure
we
have
a c
lear
goa
l. A
t B
ITZ
ER w
e co
unt
Aca
dem
y yo
u ar
e at
the
late
st s
tate
of
the
art.
Wh
at d
o y
ou
see
as
the
mai
n
chal
len
ges
an
d b
arri
ers
to o
ffer
nat
ura
l
refr
iger
ants
tra
inin
g in
Eu
rop
e?
to o
ffer
ing
natu
ral r
efri
gera
nt t
rain
ing
neit
her
wit
hin
Dor
in n
or w
ithi
n Eu
rope
.
Ho
w m
any
peo
ple
has
yo
ur
org
aniz
atio
n
trai
ned
last
yea
r, a
nd
wh
at is
yo
ur
esti
mat
e
for
the
com
ing
yea
rs o
n t
his
nu
mb
er?
We
trai
ned
abou
t 25
peo
ple
in 2
016
and
we
expe
ct
mor
e or
less
the
sam
e nu
mbe
r in
201
7. A
s I s
aid,
part
ners
and
the
ir t
echn
icia
ns o
n de
man
d.
Vo
lke
r S
tam
er,
SC
HA
UF
LE
R A
ca
de
my
Dir
ec
tor
- B
itze
rG
iova
nn
i D
ori
nM
ark
eti
ng
Ma
na
ge
r -
Do
rin
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
64
65
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17M
arke
t for
nat
ural
re
frig
eran
t tra
inin
g
toda
y &
tom
orro
w4
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
66M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W
GIV
EN
A
N
INC
RE
AS
ING
M
AR
KE
T
SH
AR
E
OF
N
AT
UR
AL
R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T-B
AS
ED
T
EC
HN
OLO
GY
IN
EU
RO
PE
AN
D G
RO
WIN
G C
OM
PL
EX
ITY
OF
CO
MP
ON
EN
TS
AN
D N
EW
SY
ST
EM
SO
LUT
ION
S, I
NC
LUD
ING
EL
EC
TR
ON
IC
MO
DU
LA
TIN
G
EJ
EC
TO
RS
, IN
TE
GR
AT
ED
F
RE
QU
EN
CY
IN
VE
RT
ER
S,
EL
EC
TR
ON
IC
CO
MP
ON
EN
TS
OR
CO
MP
RE
SS
OR
S,
DE
MA
ND
AN
D S
UP
PLY
OF
PR
OP
ER
TR
AIN
ING
ON
NA
TU
RA
L
RE
FR
IGE
RA
NT
S I
S S
TE
AD
ILY
RIS
ING
.
Th
is c
ha
pte
r lo
ok
s c
los
ely
at
the
cu
rre
nt
sta
tus
an
d
futu
re s
itu
ati
on
wh
en
it
co
me
s t
o a
vail
ab
ilit
y o
f n
atu
ral
refr
ige
ran
t tr
ain
ing
fro
m t
he
sid
e o
f tr
ain
ing
pro
vid
ers
as
we
ll a
s i
nte
res
t in
su
ch
tra
inin
g f
rom
th
e s
ide
of
tra
inin
g
rec
eiv
ers
. A
ma
p o
f n
atu
ral
refr
ige
ran
t tr
ain
ing
pro
vid
ers
sh
ow
s t
he
re a
re a
lre
ad
y c
los
e t
o 2
00
org
an
isa
tio
ns
off
eri
ng
tra
inin
g o
n C
O2, a
mm
on
ia a
nd
hyd
roc
arb
on
s, w
hil
e
the
su
rve
y a
na
lys
is d
em
on
str
ate
s t
his
nu
mb
er
wil
l lik
ely
gro
w o
ver
the
ne
xt f
ew
ye
ars
.
A s
urv
ey
co
nd
uc
ted
am
on
g m
ore
th
an
34
0 i
nd
us
try
ex
pe
rts
pro
vid
es
in
sig
hts
in
to t
yp
es
of
tra
inin
g, m
os
t
po
pu
lar
wa
ys
of
tra
inin
g d
eli
ve
ry, a
pp
lic
ati
on
s, t
op
ics
co
ve
red
an
d o
the
rs.
Th
e f
ind
ing
s i
nd
ica
te t
ha
t m
os
t
ind
us
try
re
pre
se
nta
tiv
es
th
at
pro
vid
e o
r re
ce
ive
na
tura
l
refr
ige
ran
t tr
ain
ing
are
in
vo
lve
d i
n t
rain
ing
on
CO
2.
Tra
inin
g r
ela
ted
to
th
is r
efr
ige
ran
t is
als
o e
xp
ec
ted
to
reg
iste
r th
e s
tro
ng
es
t g
row
th i
n t
he
ne
xt
5 y
ea
rs -
th
is
is a
cle
ar
co
rre
lati
on
wit
h t
he
ma
rke
t d
ev
elo
pm
en
ts a
s
CO
2 i
s b
ec
om
ing
a r
efr
ige
ran
t o
f c
ho
ice
fo
r a
nu
mb
er
of
ap
pli
ca
tio
ns
, es
pe
cia
lly
co
mm
erc
ial
refr
ige
rati
on
,
bu
t in
cre
as
ing
ly a
lso
in
du
str
ial
refr
ige
rati
on
as
we
ll a
s
sm
all
er
eq
uip
me
nt.
67
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W
TO
DA
Y T
HE
RE
AR
E A
RO
UN
D 1
60
,00
0 T
EC
HN
ICIA
NS
WO
RK
ING
FO
R 4
0,0
00
CE
RT
IFIE
D C
OM
PA
NIE
S IN
21
EU
ME
MB
ER
ST
AT
ES
,
AC
CO
RD
ING
TO
A R
EP
OR
T P
UB
LIS
HE
D B
Y T
HE
EU
RO
PE
AN
CO
MM
ISS
ION
IN
DE
CE
MB
ER
20
16
, W
HIC
H E
VA
LUA
TE
D T
HE
AV
AIL
AB
ILIT
Y O
F T
RA
ININ
G R
EG
AR
DIN
G S
AF
E H
AN
DL
ING
OF
F-G
AS
ALT
ER
NA
TIV
ES
.
Th
e r
ese
arc
h c
on
du
cte
d b
y G
luc
kma
n C
on
sult
ing
an
d
Ric
ard
o-A
EA
on
be
ha
lf o
f th
e E
uro
pe
an
Co
mm
issi
on
ab
ou
t th
e n
um
be
r o
f te
ch
nic
ian
s tr
ain
ed
to
ha
nd
le n
atu
ral
refr
ige
ran
ts. T
his
is d
ue
to
th
e f
ac
t th
at
cu
rre
ntl
y th
ere
is n
o
req
uir
em
en
t to
re
po
rt o
n n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
t tr
ain
ing
to
ce
ntr
al
au
tho
riti
es
(un
like
fo
r f-
ga
s tr
ain
ing
). T
he
da
ta w
as
co
llec
ted
fro
m n
ati
on
al a
uth
ori
tie
s w
hile
it d
id n
ot
inve
stig
ate
ab
ou
t
the
sit
ua
tio
n a
mo
ng
st t
he
ind
ust
ry r
ep
rese
nta
tive
s.
ga
p in
ava
ilab
ility
of
tra
inin
g f
or
CO
2 a
nd
hyd
roc
arb
on
s.
Ba
se
d o
n t
he
re
co
rds
of
na
tio
na
l au
tho
riti
es
, mo
re t
ha
n
4,7
00
te
ch
nic
ian
s w
ere
tra
ine
d t
o h
an
dle
am
mo
nia
in t
he
EU
, wh
ich
re
pre
se
nts
on
ly 2
.3%
of
the
to
tal n
um
be
r o
f f-
ga
s
tra
ine
d t
ec
hn
icia
ns
. Th
e t
rain
ing
on
hyd
roc
arb
on
s s
ee
ms
to b
e t
he
lea
st
ava
ilab
le. N
eve
rth
ele
ss
, th
e d
ata
sh
ou
ld b
e
ac
tua
l ma
rke
t s
itu
ati
on
.
NA
TU
RA
L R
EFR
IGE
RA
NT T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
Am
mo
nia
71
%2
.3%
CO
25
2%
2.2
%
HC
sm
all
er
eq
uip
me
nt
(plu
g-i
n)
48
%0
.7%
HC
la
rge
r e
qu
ipm
en
t
(ch
ille
rs,
sp
lit
sy
ste
ms
)3
5%
0.0
5%
So
urc
e: E
uro
pe
an
Co
mm
issi
on
(2
01
6),
Re
po
rt f
rom
th
e C
om
mis
sio
n o
n a
vaila
bili
ty o
f tr
ain
ing
fo
r se
rvic
e p
ers
on
ne
l
reg
ard
ing
sa
fe h
an
dlin
g o
f c
lima
te-f
rie
nd
ly t
ec
hn
olo
gie
s re
pla
cin
g o
r re
du
cin
g t
he
use
of
flu
ori
na
ted
gre
en
ho
use
ga
ses
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
68M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W N
AT
UR
AL
RE
FR
IGE
RA
NT
TR
AIN
ING
TO
DA
Y
To
ge
t a
mo
re c
om
pre
he
ns
ive
pic
ture
of
the
nu
mb
er
of
tec
hn
icia
ns
tra
ine
d
in n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
ts, s
he
cc
o c
on
du
cte
d a
su
rve
y a
mo
ng
HV
AC
&R
ind
us
try
tra
inin
g o
n n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
ts in
20
15
wa
s a
t le
as
t 8
,00
0-1
0,0
00
.
Th
is e
sti
ma
te is
ba
se
d e
xclu
siv
ely
on
th
e r
es
ult
s o
f th
e s
urv
ey
an
d t
he
ac
tua
l nu
mb
er
wa
s li
kely
hig
he
r g
ive
n t
ha
t s
eve
ral r
es
po
nd
en
ts (
10
% o
f
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
rs)
co
uld
no
t e
sti
ma
te h
ow
ma
ny
tec
hn
icia
ns
th
ey h
ave
tra
ine
d. I
n a
dd
itio
n, t
he
re a
re o
the
r tr
ain
ing
pro
vid
ers
wh
o h
ave
no
t ta
ken
pa
rt in
th
e s
urv
ey.
ove
rall
the
re a
re 1
60
,00
0 t
ec
hn
icia
ns
ou
t o
f th
es
e 8
,00
0 -
10
,00
0 r
ec
eiv
ed
n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
ts t
rain
ing
in 2
01
5
69
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W
Clo
se
to
20
0 c
om
pa
nie
s p
rovi
de
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
tra
inin
g in
Eu
rop
e
co
mp
an
ies
in E
uro
pe
th
at
pro
vid
e t
rain
ing
on
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
in a
ny
form
. Th
e li
st
is n
ot
co
mp
reh
en
siv
e b
ut
rath
er
se
rve
s t
o g
et
an
ide
a o
f
wh
at
tra
inin
gs
an
d f
orm
ati
on
s a
re a
vaila
ble
in w
hic
h c
ou
ntr
y. F
urt
he
rmo
re
it h
elp
s in
tere
ste
d p
art
ies
to
ge
t to
kn
ow
th
e in
sti
tuti
on
s a
nd
co
mp
an
ies
Se
vera
l co
mp
an
ies
in E
uro
pe
are
alr
ea
dy
taki
ng
ste
ps
to
pro
vid
e t
rain
ing
Eu
rop
e, i
nc
lud
ing
tra
inin
g in
sti
tute
s, s
yste
m a
nd
co
mp
on
en
t m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
,
un
ive
rsit
ies
, re
se
arc
h in
sti
tute
s, a
ss
oc
iati
on
s a
nd
oth
er
org
an
isa
tio
ns
, wh
o
off
er
tra
inin
g r
ela
ted
to
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
.
Th
e m
ajo
rity
of
the
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
rs (
ap
pro
xim
ate
ly h
alf
of
the
to
tal)
are
un
ive
rsit
ies
, vo
ca
tio
na
l sc
ho
ols
or
tra
inin
g in
sti
tute
s. T
he
se
pla
y a
ke
y
role
in p
rovi
din
g e
ntr
y-le
vel e
du
ca
tio
n a
s w
ell
as
co
nti
nu
ou
s le
arn
ing
to
mo
re e
xpe
rie
nc
e e
ng
ine
ers
an
d t
ec
hn
icia
ns
. Ab
ou
t a
th
ird
of
the
tra
inin
g
pro
vid
ers
are
fro
m t
he
su
pp
lier
sid
e o
f th
e H
VA
C&
R in
du
str
y, s
uc
h a
s
sys
tem
or
co
mp
on
en
t m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
, re
frig
era
nt
su
pp
liers
or
en
gin
ee
rin
g
the
ind
us
try
its
elf
to
pro
mo
te n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
ts a
nd
tra
in t
he
ir s
taff
or
pe
op
le f
rom
ou
tsid
e a
cc
ord
ing
ly t
o a
do
pt
the
se
ne
w t
ec
hn
olo
gie
s. B
es
ide
s
the
se
, th
ere
are
a n
um
be
r o
f a
ss
oc
iati
on
s t
ha
t p
rovi
de
co
urs
es
on
na
tura
l
refr
ige
ran
ts o
r a
re in
so
me
wa
y in
volv
ed
in c
oo
rdin
ati
ng
th
e a
cti
viti
es
on
su
ch
tra
inin
g f
or
its
me
mb
ers
.
ma
rke
t re
alis
ing
th
e p
ote
nti
al o
f n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
ts a
nd
th
e im
po
rta
nc
e
an
ap
pro
pri
ate
tra
inin
g w
ill h
ave
on
th
e f
utu
re in
du
str
y. E
ng
ine
ers
an
d
tec
hn
icia
ns
ne
ed
to
ha
ve a
cc
es
s t
o t
he
re
leva
nt
tra
inin
g o
n n
atu
ral
refr
ige
ran
ts d
uri
ng
th
eir
init
ial s
tag
es
of
ed
uc
ati
on
an
d t
hro
ug
ho
ut
the
ir
ca
ree
rs t
o b
e a
ble
to
ke
ep
up
wit
h t
he
ma
rke
t d
eve
lop
me
nt.
mo
re t
ha
n h
alf
of
the
org
an
isa
tio
ns
off
er
so
me
so
rt o
f p
rac
tic
al t
rain
ing
be
sid
es
th
e t
he
ore
tic
al o
ne
, wh
ich
is p
rovi
de
d in
all
ca
se
s.
In t
his
dir
ec
tory
, ab
ou
t 8
0%
of
the
org
an
isa
tio
ns
pro
vid
e t
rain
ing
on
CO
2 a
s a
refr
ige
ran
t, w
hile
50
% p
rovi
de
tra
inin
g o
n a
mm
on
ia a
nd
hyd
roc
arb
on
s e
ac
h.
Th
e U
nit
ed
Kin
gd
om
an
d F
ran
ce
ap
pe
ar
to b
e h
ots
po
ts f
or
tra
inin
g o
n
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
, fo
llow
ed
by
Ge
rma
ny,
Sp
ain
, Ita
ly a
nd
Sw
ed
en
. It
is
imp
ort
an
t to
no
te t
ho
ug
h t
ha
t th
e n
um
be
r o
f tr
ain
ing
pro
vid
ers
do
es
no
t
ne
ce
ss
ari
ly c
orr
es
po
nd
wit
h t
he
nu
mb
er
of
tra
ine
d t
ec
hn
icia
ns
by
co
un
try
-
on
e t
rain
ing
fa
cili
ty c
ou
ld t
rain
mo
re p
eo
ple
th
an
oth
ers
.
Th
e a
vaila
ble
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
tra
inin
g o
utl
ine
d in
th
is m
ap
als
o d
ep
en
d
on
ea
ch
org
an
isa
tio
ns
co
mm
un
ica
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
se
. It
ca
n b
e n
ote
d
tha
t w
hile
th
e m
ark
et
for
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
tra
inin
g is
hig
hly
va
rie
d
wit
h d
iffe
ren
t a
cto
rs, u
niv
ers
itie
s, a
ss
oc
iati
on
s, s
up
plie
rs a
nd
oth
ers
are
inc
rea
sin
gly
be
co
min
g m
ore
ou
tsp
oke
n, w
hic
h g
oe
s h
an
d in
ha
nd
wit
h
gro
win
g in
tere
st
in t
he
se
kin
d o
f c
ou
rse
s.
Th
e d
ire
cto
ry, w
hic
h is
an
inte
gra
l pa
rt o
f th
is r
ep
ort
, lis
ts t
he
Eu
rop
ea
n
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nt
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
rs b
y c
ou
ntr
y. I
t p
rovi
de
s a
dd
itio
na
l
info
rma
tio
n t
ha
t h
elp
s g
uid
e t
ho
se
loo
kin
g f
or
su
ita
ble
co
urs
es
to
en
ha
nc
e
the
ir p
rac
tic
al a
nd
th
eo
reti
ca
l tra
inin
g o
n C
O2, a
mm
on
ia a
nd
hyd
roc
arb
on
s.
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
70M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W N
AT
UR
AL
RE
FR
IGE
RA
NT
TR
AIN
ING
TO
DA
Y
40Fr
ance
34U
K
18G
erm
any
15S
pain
11It
aly
11S
wed
en
9N
ethe
rlan
ds
9S
wit
zerl
and
1C
zeck
Rep
.
8D
enm
ark
5B
elgi
um
4F
inla
nd
4G
reec
e
4Ir
elan
d
4N
orw
ay
3B
ulga
ria
3P
olan
d
3P
orta
ugal
2H
unga
ry
2R
ussi
a
1G
eorg
ia
2A
ustr
ia
40Fr
ance
34U
K
18G
erm
any
15S
pain
11It
aly
11S
wed
en
9N
ethe
rlan
ds
9S
wit
zerl
and
8D
enm
ark
5B
elgi
um
4F
inla
nd
4G
reec
e
4Ir
elan
d
4N
orw
ay
3B
ulga
ria
3P
olan
d
3P
orta
ugal
2A
ustr
ia
2H
unga
ry
2R
ussi
a
1C
zeck
Rep
.
1G
eorg
ia
193
Tota
l
lead
ing
orga
nisa
tion
s th
at p
rovi
de t
rain
ing
acti
ve in
the
Eur
opea
n m
arke
t in
201
6
lea
din
g o
rga
nis
ati
on
s a
ctiv
e in
th
e E
uro
pea
n m
ark
et
in 2
01
6. W
hile
rea
son
ab
le e
ffo
rts
ha
ve b
een
ma
de
to id
enti
fy t
he
nu
mb
er t
rain
ing
pro
vid
ers
as
clo
se t
o
an
d s
ha
ll se
rve
as
an
ind
ica
tio
n o
f th
e m
ark
et f
or
na
tura
l ref
rig
era
nts
tra
inin
g.
Ple
ase
co
nta
ct r
esea
rch
@sh
ecco
.co
m if
yo
u w
ou
ld
like
to b
e in
clu
ded
in t
his
ma
p a
nd
th
e d
irec
tory
of
na
tura
l ref
rig
era
nt
tra
inin
g p
rovi
der
s.
71
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W
Na
tura
l re
frig
era
nt
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
rs
In E
uro
pe
, pra
cti
ca
l an
d t
he
ore
tic
al t
rain
ing
on
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
is o
ffe
red
by
un
ive
rsit
ies
, tra
inin
g in
sti
tute
s, s
yste
m m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
, co
mp
on
en
t
ma
nu
fac
ture
rs, a
ss
oc
iati
on
s, e
nd
us
ers
, pri
vate
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
rs,
Th
e c
ho
ice
of
a t
rain
ing
pro
vid
er
de
pe
nd
s o
n a
nu
mb
er
of
fac
tors
, in
clu
din
g
the
leve
l of
pri
or
kno
wle
dg
e, a
cc
es
sib
ility
of
tra
inin
g o
ffe
red
, co
st
of
a t
rain
ing
co
urs
e, r
ela
tio
ns
hip
wit
h t
he
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
r a
nd
oth
ers
.
Ac
co
rdin
g t
o t
he
su
rve
y re
su
lts
, th
e m
os
t p
refe
rre
d t
rain
ing
pro
vid
ers
are
sys
tem
ma
nu
fac
ture
rs, f
ollo
we
d b
y c
om
po
ne
nt
su
pp
liers
an
d c
on
su
ltin
g,
en
d u
se
rs w
ere
th
e le
as
t tw
o f
avo
uri
te c
ho
ice
s a
mo
ng
tra
inin
g r
ec
eiv
ers
tha
t to
ok
the
su
rve
y.
Sys
tem
ma
nu
fac
ture
rs
Ca
rrie
rs
CO
2O
La
ca
de
my
, a t
rain
ing
fa
cili
ty o
pe
ne
d in
20
15
in M
ain
z,
Ge
rma
ny,
pro
vid
es
th
e c
om
pa
ny
s t
ec
hn
icia
ns
fro
m a
cro
ss
Eu
rop
e w
ith
kno
wle
dg
e o
f C
O2 r
efr
ige
ran
t te
ch
no
log
ies
.
dif
fere
nt
co
un
trie
s. A
fe
w w
ee
ks a
fte
r th
e t
rain
ing
, th
es
e k
ey
tra
ine
rs r
etu
rn
to M
ain
z w
ith
te
ch
nic
ian
s f
rom
th
eir
re
sp
ec
tive
co
un
trie
s, a
nd
th
e k
ey
tra
ine
rs t
ea
ch
th
es
e t
ec
hn
icia
ns
in t
he
ir m
oth
er
ton
gu
e. T
he
se
tw
o-d
ay
se
sio
ns
are
org
an
ise
d in
sm
all
gro
up
s o
f n
ot
mo
re t
ha
n t
en
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
.
Be
fore
th
e c
ou
rse
, te
ch
nic
ian
s r
ec
eiv
e e
-le
arn
ing
ma
teri
al,
en
su
rin
g t
he
y
alr
ea
dy
ha
ve a
ce
rta
in le
vel o
f kn
ow
led
ge
be
fore
arr
ivin
g in
Ma
inz.
Th
e
tra
inin
g is
40
% t
he
ore
tic
al k
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
60
% p
rac
tic
al e
xerc
ise
s.
Sin
ce
th
e o
pe
nin
g o
f th
e t
rain
ing
fa
cili
ty, C
arr
ier
ha
s t
arg
ete
d t
o t
rain
ap
pro
xim
ate
ly 6
00
pe
op
le b
y th
e e
nd
of
20
16
by
org
an
isin
g t
rain
ing
co
urs
es
de
ns
ity
of
CO
2 in
sta
llati
on
s, b
ut
als
o p
lan
nin
g t
o e
xpa
nd
th
e p
rog
ram
me
to
oth
er
co
un
trie
s la
ter
on
.
EP
TA
SP
A ,
sys
tem
ma
nu
fac
ture
r b
as
ed
in I
taly
, is
pro
vid
ing
CO
2 t
rain
ing
in c
om
me
rcia
l an
d d
om
es
tic
re
frig
era
tio
n a
rea
s t
o q
ua
lify
inte
rna
l sta
ff.
Th
e t
rain
ing
is a
vaila
ble
in E
ng
lish
, Ita
lian
, Fre
nc
h a
nd
Ge
rma
n a
nd
co
vers
top
ics
, su
ch
as
ba
sic
th
erm
od
yna
mic
s a
nd
ph
ysic
s, m
ate
ria
l co
mp
ati
bili
ty,
lub
ric
an
ts, a
pp
lica
tio
n a
rea
, ca
se
stu
die
s, r
eg
ula
tio
ns
an
d s
tan
da
rds
, sa
fety
de
sig
n, i
ns
talla
tio
n, o
pe
rati
on
an
d m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
Da
nis
h s
yste
m m
an
ufa
ctu
rer
Ad
van
so
r p
rovi
de
s p
rac
tic
al a
nd
th
eo
reti
ca
l
tra
inin
g o
n s
ite
, as
we
ll a
s th
eo
reti
ca
l co
urs
es
on
line
fo
r C
O2 r
efr
ige
ran
t.
Ap
plic
ati
on
s c
ove
red
by
tra
inin
g a
re c
om
me
rcia
l an
d in
du
stri
al r
efr
ige
rati
on
,
air
co
nd
itio
nin
g a
nd
he
ati
ng
. Th
e p
urp
ose
of
the
pro
gra
mm
e, w
hic
h is
fre
e
of
ch
arg
e, i
s to
tra
in t
he
co
mp
an
ys
ow
n s
taff
as
we
ll a
s it
s c
ust
om
ers
.
Co
mp
on
en
t m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
BIT
ZE
Rs
tra
inin
g c
en
tre
, th
e S
CH
AU
FL
ER
Ac
ad
em
y
ina
ug
ura
tio
n in
Fe
bru
ary
20
16
. Th
e A
ca
de
my
se
eks
to
de
velo
p a
clo
se
an
d
co
ns
tru
cti
ve r
ela
tio
ns
hip
wit
h s
ch
oo
ls a
nd
un
ive
rsit
ies
, wh
ile s
pre
ad
ing
kno
wle
dg
e a
bo
ut
ne
w H
VA
C&
R t
ec
hn
olo
gie
s a
nd
re
frig
era
nts
be
yon
d
Ge
rma
ny
s b
ord
ers
.
All
the
ac
ad
em
ys
re
frig
era
nt
tra
inin
g s
es
sio
ns
co
ver
iss
ue
s li
ke
the
rmo
dyn
am
ics
, sa
fety
, ma
teri
al c
om
pa
tib
ility
an
d s
yste
m d
es
ign
. Co
urs
es
on
tra
ns
cri
tic
al a
nd
su
bc
riti
ca
l CO
2 s
yste
ms
als
o o
ffe
r h
an
ds
-on
tra
inin
g:
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
are
eq
uip
pe
d w
ith
th
e n
ec
es
sa
ry s
kills
to
de
al w
ith
da
y-to
-da
y
sta
rt t
he
m u
p f
rom
sc
ratc
h.
Th
e a
ca
de
my
we
lco
me
s c
on
su
lta
nts
, sys
tem
ma
nu
fac
ture
rs, s
erv
ice
se
ati
ng
fo
r 1
10
tra
inin
g p
art
icip
an
ts a
s w
ell
as
em
plo
yee
s o
f th
e p
rod
uc
tio
n
fac
ility
an
d c
om
pe
ten
ce
ce
ntr
e.
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
72M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W N
AT
UR
AL
RE
FR
IGE
RA
NT
TR
AIN
ING
TO
DA
Y
In N
ove
mb
er
20
16
, Da
nfo
ss
ha
s la
un
ch
ed
a m
ob
ile C
O2 t
rain
ing
un
it,
eq
uip
pe
d w
ith
CO
2 t
ec
hn
olo
gy
an
d in
tera
cti
ve le
arn
ing
mo
du
les
. Th
e C
O2
so
luti
on
s p
res
en
ted
in t
he
mo
bile
tra
inin
g u
nit
ra
ng
e f
rom
sim
ple
ga
s-
byp
as
s s
yste
ms
to
mo
re c
om
ple
x p
ara
llel c
om
pre
ss
ion
so
luti
on
s w
ith
or
wit
ho
ut
he
at
rec
laim
. Th
e t
rain
ing
un
it in
tro
du
ce
s D
an
fos
s b
ran
d n
ew
eje
cto
r te
ch
no
log
y. T
he
tra
inin
g u
nit
ca
n a
cc
om
mo
da
te u
p t
o 1
2 p
eo
ple
at
a
tim
e. A
s it
tra
vels
to
ne
w lo
ca
tio
ns
, it
will
be
up
da
ted
wit
h n
ew
co
mp
on
en
ts,
go
al i
s t
o la
un
ch
se
vera
l tra
inin
g c
on
tain
ers
th
at
ca
n s
erv
e it
s p
rim
ary
ma
rke
ts in
No
rth
Am
eri
ca
, Eu
rop
e, a
nd
As
ia.
Un
ive
rsit
ies
IES
Llo
mb
ai a
nd
Ja
um
e I
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f C
as
tell
ón
are
pio
ne
ers
in C
O2 t
rain
ing
in S
pa
in. T
ha
nks
to
co
llab
ora
tio
n w
ith
se
co
nd
ary
sch
oo
ls a
nd
pri
vate
co
mp
an
ies,
th
e t
rain
ing
co
urs
es
ha
ve b
ee
n s
uc
ce
ssfu
lly r
un
sin
ce
20
11
.
In 2
01
4, t
he
un
ive
rsit
ies
suc
ce
ssfu
lly r
an
a t
rain
ing
co
urs
e t
ha
t w
as
pa
rtic
ula
r, a
nd
fo
cu
sed
on
su
bc
riti
ca
l CO
2 s
yste
ms.
In 2
01
5, t
hey
off
ere
d t
wo
co
urs
es:
on
e f
oc
use
d o
n s
ub
cri
tic
al C
O2 s
yste
ms,
inc
lud
ing
ne
w f
ea
ture
s
suc
h a
s p
late
he
at
exc
ha
ng
ers
an
d m
icro
-ch
an
ne
l co
nd
en
ser
tec
hn
olo
gy
sess
ion
s, t
he
oth
er
on
e f
oc
use
d o
n C
O2 t
ran
scri
tic
al a
pp
lica
tio
ns
an
d
sec
on
da
ry s
yste
ms
for
co
mm
erc
ial r
efr
ige
rati
on
ap
plic
ati
on
s.
In t
he
fra
me
of
the
IE
SC
O2 p
roje
ct,
th
e u
niv
ers
itie
s h
ave
de
velo
pe
d a
nd
co
mm
iss
ion
ed
fo
ur
ca
sc
ad
e s
yste
ms
at
fou
r s
ec
on
da
ry s
ch
oo
ls a
nd
th
e
Ja
um
e I
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f C
as
telló
n. T
he
se
ins
talla
tio
ns
, wh
ich
are
mo
nit
ore
d
an
d r
un
nin
g, p
rovi
de
va
lua
ble
info
rma
tio
n a
nd
are
op
en
to
all
stu
de
nts
.
As
so
cia
tio
ns
Th
e A
FP
A, t
he
Fre
nc
h A
sso
cia
tio
n f
or
Vo
ca
tio
na
l Tra
inin
g, t
og
eth
er
wit
h
the
dis
trib
uto
r E
be
rha
rdt
Frè
res
is p
rovi
din
g t
rain
ing
to
inst
alle
rs o
n
hyd
roc
arb
on
s R
60
0a
(is
ob
uta
ne
) a
nd
R2
90
(p
rop
an
e).
Ta
kin
g t
he
ory
, sa
fety
me
asu
res
an
d s
up
po
rt f
or
the
ge
ne
ral u
se o
f th
ese
re
frig
era
nts
into
ac
co
un
t,
the
ass
oc
iati
on
se
es
it n
ec
ess
ary
to
ke
ep
up
to
da
te w
ith
th
eir
inc
rea
sed
use
in t
he
pro
fess
ion
al r
efr
ige
rati
on
se
cto
r, e
spe
cia
lly g
ive
n t
he
imp
lem
en
tati
on
of
the
EU
F-G
as
Re
gu
lati
on
pro
mo
tin
g t
he
use
of
low
-GW
P r
efr
ige
ran
ts.
Ge
org
ian
As
so
cia
tio
n o
f R
efr
ige
rati
ng
, C
ryo
ge
nic
an
d A
ir C
on
dit
ion
ing
En
gin
ee
rs p
rovi
de
s th
eo
reti
ca
l an
d p
rac
tic
al t
rain
ing
on
am
mo
nia
ind
ust
ria
l re
frig
era
tio
n s
yste
ms
in T
ibili
si, G
eo
rgia
. Th
e c
ou
rse
co
vers
ba
sic
th
erm
od
yna
mic
s a
nd
ph
ysic
s, m
ate
ria
l co
mp
ati
bili
ty a
nd
lub
ric
an
ts,
reg
ula
tio
ns
an
d s
tan
da
rds,
sa
fety
asp
ec
ts a
nd
pra
cti
ca
l ha
nd
ling
of
am
mo
nia
Ge
org
ia c
an
be
ac
hie
ved
aft
er
suc
ce
ssfu
l co
mp
leti
on
of
the
tra
inin
g.
A S
pa
nis
h a
ss
oc
iati
on
, Co
nfe
de
rac
ión
Na
cio
na
l d
e I
ns
tala
do
res
, C
N I
,
pro
vid
es
on
-sit
e p
rac
tic
al c
ou
rse
s a
nd
on
line
th
eo
reti
ca
l tra
inin
g f
or
CO
2
an
d a
mm
on
ia s
yste
ms
. Th
e t
rain
ing
co
vers
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
ap
plic
ati
on
s
wh
ere
th
es
e r
efr
ige
ran
ts a
re c
om
mo
nly
us
ed
, in
clu
din
g c
om
me
rcia
l an
d
ind
us
tria
l re
frig
era
tio
n. T
he
to
pic
s c
ove
red
du
rin
g t
he
co
urs
e in
clu
de
:
ba
sic
th
erm
od
yna
mic
s &
ph
ysic
s, m
ate
ria
l co
mp
ati
bili
ty, l
ub
ric
an
ts,
ap
plic
ati
on
are
as
, ca
se
stu
die
s, r
eg
ula
tio
ns
an
d s
tan
da
rds
, sa
fety
as
pe
cts
,
ins
talla
tio
n, o
pe
rati
on
an
d m
ain
ten
an
ce
. Th
e c
ou
rse
s a
re f
ree
of
ch
arg
e a
nd
ava
ilab
le in
Sp
an
ish
, En
glis
h, G
erm
an
an
d F
ren
ch
.
En
d u
se
rs
UK
re
taile
r S
ain
sb
ury
s la
un
ch
ed
a C
arb
on
Ac
ad
em
y in
20
11
to
ra
ise
aw
are
ne
ss
an
d im
pro
ve s
kills
am
on
g it
s c
on
tra
cto
rs, r
eta
ilers
an
d
em
plo
yee
s. T
he
tra
inin
g r
an
ge
s f
rom
exp
lan
ati
on
s o
f h
ow
sm
all
ch
an
ge
s in
eve
ryd
ay
wo
rkin
g p
rac
tic
es
ca
n r
ed
uc
e c
arb
on
imp
ac
t, t
o h
igh
ly-s
pe
cia
list
ski
ll a
cq
uis
itio
n s
uc
h a
s C
O2 r
efr
ige
rati
on
. Th
e d
ec
lare
d o
bje
cti
ve is
to
tra
in
20
,00
0 p
eo
ple
by
20
20
.
Pri
vate
tra
inin
g p
rovi
de
rs
CO
2A
ca
de
my
by
Fri
go
Na
tura
l p
rovi
de
s t
ran
sc
riti
ca
l CO
2 t
ec
hn
olo
gy
tra
inin
g
for
tec
hn
icia
ns
. Bo
th p
rac
tic
al a
nd
th
eo
reti
ca
l as
pe
cts
are
co
vere
d d
uri
ng
the
co
urs
e. T
he
tw
o-d
ay
pro
fes
sio
na
l tra
inin
g in
clu
de
s t
op
ics
su
ch
as
intr
od
uc
tio
n, p
rac
tic
al o
pe
rati
on
wit
h C
O2 a
s a
re
frig
era
nt,
co
mm
iss
ion
ing
73
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W
an
d a
dju
stm
en
t o
f C
O2 s
yste
ms
, th
e P
res
su
re E
qu
ipm
en
t D
ire
cti
ve a
nd
ge
ne
ral r
ule
s f
or
us
ing
CO
2 a
s a
re
frig
era
nt,
CO
2 s
yste
ms
, kn
ow
led
ge
of
ma
teri
als
an
d b
razi
ng
te
ch
no
log
y. T
he
co
urs
es
are
ava
ilab
le in
Sw
ed
ish
,
En
glis
h a
nd
Du
tch
. All
co
urs
es
are
ta
kin
g p
lac
e in
th
e P
TC
+ (
Pra
cti
ca
l
Tra
inin
g C
en
ter)
in E
de
, th
e N
eth
erl
an
ds
.
Co
ns
ult
ing
, co
ntr
ac
tin
g e
ng
ine
eri
ng
Te
wis
Sm
art
Sy
ste
ms
in S
pa
in, p
rovi
de
s t
he
ore
tic
al a
nd
pra
cti
ca
l tra
inin
g f
or
CO
2 a
nd
am
mo
nia
refr
ige
ran
ts f
or
co
mm
erc
ial a
nd
ind
us
tria
l sys
tem
s. T
rain
ee
s n
ee
d t
o h
ave
se
mi-
pro
fes
sio
na
l le
vel o
f kn
ow
led
ge
to
be
ab
le t
o f
ollo
w t
he
co
urs
e. N
o
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nt
tra
inin
g a
re b
as
ic t
he
rmo
dyn
am
ics
& p
hys
ics
, ma
teri
al
co
mp
ati
bili
ty, l
ub
ric
an
ts, a
pp
lica
tio
n a
rea
s, c
as
e s
tud
ies
, re
gu
lati
on
s a
nd
of
refr
ige
ran
t, s
yste
m d
es
ign
, in
sta
llati
on
, op
era
tio
n, m
ain
ten
an
ce
. Th
e
cla
ss
es
are
ava
ilab
le in
Sp
an
ish
an
d F
ren
ch
.
Ba
vari
an
En
vir
on
me
nt
Ag
en
cy
is p
rovi
din
g t
he
ore
tic
al t
rain
ing
on
hyd
roc
arb
on
, CO
2, a
nd
am
mo
nia
in o
rde
r to
ra
ise
aw
are
ne
ss in
th
e r
egio
n d
ue
to t
he
ph
ase
do
wn
of
HF
Cs.
Th
e t
rain
ing
co
urs
e in
Ge
rma
n is
fre
e o
f c
ha
rge
an
d c
ove
rs t
op
ics
suc
h a
s a
pp
lica
tio
n a
rea
s, c
ase
stu
die
s, r
eg
ula
tio
ns
an
d
refr
ige
ran
t, s
yste
m d
esi
gn
, in
sta
llati
on
, op
era
tio
n a
nd
ma
inte
na
nc
e. T
he
ag
en
cy
do
es
no
t p
rovi
de
an
y p
rac
tic
al t
rain
ing
on
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nts
.
Re
se
arc
h in
sti
tute
Re
/ge
nT
BV
, a r
esea
rch
inst
itu
te, a
s w
ell a
s co
nsu
ltin
g, c
on
tra
ctin
g a
nd
eng
inee
rin
g c
om
pa
ny
ba
sed
in t
he
Net
her
lan
ds,
ha
s re
cen
tly
sta
rted
to
pro
vid
e th
eore
tica
l an
d p
ract
ica
l tra
inin
g c
lass
es o
n h
ydro
carb
on
s a
nd
CO
2 in
do
mes
tic
an
d li
gh
t co
mm
erci
al r
efri
ger
ati
on
are
as.
Th
e co
mp
an
y a
lso
pro
vid
es
gen
era
l ref
rig
era
tio
n c
ou
rses
rel
ate
d g
ener
ally
to
all
kin
d o
f re
frig
era
nts
. Th
e
cou
rses
on
CO
2 a
nd
HC
co
ver
ba
sic
ther
mo
dyn
am
ics
& p
hys
ics,
reg
ula
tio
ns
refr
iger
an
t, sy
stem
des
ign
, in
sta
llati
on
, op
era
tio
n, m
ain
ten
an
ce. T
he
pri
ce p
er
No
rdd
eu
tsc
he
Kä
lte
-Fa
ch
sc
hu
le (
NK
F)
pro
vid
es
tra
inin
g f
or
CO
2, a
mm
on
ia
an
d w
ate
r re
frig
era
nt-
ba
se
d t
ec
hn
olo
gy.
Th
e t
rain
ing
co
mb
ine
s b
oth
the
ore
tic
al a
nd
pra
cti
ca
l le
ss
on
s o
n s
ite
an
d c
ove
rs b
as
ic t
he
rmo
dyn
am
ics
& p
hys
ics
, ma
teri
al c
om
pa
tib
ility
, lu
bri
ca
nts
, ap
plic
ati
on
are
as
, ca
se
stu
die
s,
pra
cti
ca
l ha
nd
ling
of
refr
ige
ran
t, s
yste
m d
es
ign
, in
sta
llati
on
, op
era
tio
n,
ma
inte
na
nc
e. T
he
ave
rag
e c
os
t p
er
co
urs
e p
er
pe
rso
n is
7
00
an
d c
ou
rse
s
ac
hie
ved
aft
er
su
cc
es
sfu
lly c
om
ple
tin
g t
he
co
urs
e.
EU
Fu
nd
ed
Pro
jec
ts
Su
per
Sm
art
, an
EU
-fu
nd
ed p
roje
ct t
ha
t a
ims
to s
pee
d u
p t
he
up
take
of
mo
re
foo
d r
eta
il se
cto
r, h
as
pu
blis
hed
sev
en f
ree
rep
ort
s to
hel
p f
oo
d r
eta
ilers
an
d
thei
r p
art
ner
s se
lect
bes
t-a
vaila
ble
HV
AC
&R
tec
hn
olo
gie
s a
nd
pra
ctic
es. T
he
rep
ort
s p
rovi
de
con
cret
e re
com
men
da
tio
ns
on
ho
w t
o m
ap
an
d r
edu
ce n
on
-
tech
no
log
ica
l ba
rrie
rs, h
ow
to
bu
ild n
ew s
tore
s a
nd
ref
urb
ish
exi
stin
g o
nes
, an
d
ho
w t
o s
elec
t th
e ri
gh
t to
ols
an
d m
eth
od
s to
ma
inta
in h
igh
leve
ls o
f en
erg
y-
Th
e te
am
ha
s a
lso
dev
elo
ped
a s
erie
s o
f tr
ain
ing
mo
du
les
for
off
erin
g f
ree-
of-
cha
rge
tailo
r-m
ad
e o
r p
ub
lic t
rain
ing
eve
nts
acr
oss
Eu
rop
e. In
tere
sted
fo
od
reta
ilers
, HV
AC
&R
pa
rtn
ers
an
d o
ther
org
an
isa
tio
ns
are
wel
com
e to
reg
iste
r
thei
r in
tere
st in
a t
ailo
red
tra
inin
g s
essi
on
via
th
e p
roje
ct w
ebsi
te:
GU
IDE
TO
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
TS
TR
AIN
ING
IN
EU
RO
PE
20
17
74M
AR
KE
T F
OR
NA
TU
RA
L R
EF
RIG
ER
AN
T T
RA
ININ
G T
OD
AY
& T
OM
OR
RO
W N
AT
UR
AL
RE
FR
IGE
RA
NT
TR
AIN
ING
TO
DA
Y
Typ
es
of
na
tura
l re
frig
era
nt
tra
inin
g
Th
eo
reti
ca
l an
d p
rac
tic
al t
rain
ing
are
bo
th im
po
rta
nt
ph
as
es
of
lea
rnin
g -
a b
ala
nc
ed
co
mb
ina
tio
n o
f b
oth
is
ne
ce
ss
ary
to
en
su
re t
he
de
sir
ed
leve
l of
kno
wle
dg
e.
Th
eo
reti
ca
l tr
ain
ing
fo
rms
th
e b
as
is o
f kn
ow
led
ge
an
d is
ind
isp
en
sa
ble
to
ga
in t
he
ne
ce
ss
ary
info
rma
tio
n t
ha
t c
an
the
n b
e f
urt
he
r d
eve
lop
ed
th
rou
gh
pra
cti
ca
l exp
eri
en
ce
. In
the
HV
AC
&R
ind
us
try,
th
eo
reti
ca
l tra
inin
g c
an
be
de
live
red
(lo
ng
-dis
tan
ce
lea
rnin
g)
ch
an
ne
ls. A
cc
ord
ing
to
th
e in
du
str
y
su
rve
y re
su
lts
, 98
% o
f n
atu
ral r
efr
ige
ran
t tr
ain
ing
pro
vid
ers
off
er
the
ore
tic
al c
las
se
s.
Wh
ile t
he
ore
tic
al t
rain
ing
is e
ss
en
tia
l, fo
r c
ert
ain
typ
es
the
ne
ce
ss
ary
ski
lls &
co
mp
ete
nc
ies
are
ac
qu
ire
d. I
n c
as
e
of
en
gin
ee
rs a
nd
te
ch
nic
ian
s w
ho
ne
ed
to
ha
nd
le n
atu
ral
refr
ige
ran
t-b
as
ed
eq
uip
me
nt
in a
ny
wa
y it
is in
dis
pe
ns
ab
le
to g
o t
hro
ug
h a
pra
cti
ca
l tr
ain
ing
. Su
ch
tra
inin
g e
na
ble
s
tec
hn
icia
ns
to
ge
t h
an
ds
-on
exp
eri
en
ce
wit
h t
he
na
tura
l
refr
ige
ran
t-b
as
ed
te
ch
no
log
y in
ord
er
to e
ns
ure
ma
xim
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