Industrialization – Part 1 (Ch. 9, Sec. 1)

1. The Agricultural Revolution2. Industrial Revolution Began in Britain3. Inventions Spurred Industrial Revolution

How did the Agricultural Revolution help create industrialization?

• Wealthy landowners bought out small farmers, then fenced in farms (enclosures)

• They experimented with new seeding & harvesting methods to improve crop yields

• Jethro Tull invented the seed drill (sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths)

• Crop rotation (rotate specific crops) & selective breeding (mating strongest animals) produced larger yields

What led to the Industrial Revolution getting started in Britain?

• Britain had a large population of workers, as well as extensive natural resources:

• Water power & coal for power• Iron ore to construct machines, tools, &

buildings• Rivers & harbors provided transportation• Britain had all the factors of production (land,

labor, & capital), plus an economy that could support industrialization

Spinning Wheel / Cottage Industry

How did new inventions spur industrialization?

• John Kay’s flying shuttle doubled the work a weaver could do in a day

• James Hargreaves’ spinning wheel (spinning jenny) allowed spinners to work 8 threads at a time

• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin drastically increased the amount of cotton that could be cleaned

• The spinning mule, water frame, & power loom led to the beginning of factories

Industrialization – Part 2

1. Improvements in Transportation Contributed2. Beginning of The Railroad Industry3. Railway Industry Revolutionized Transportation

How did improvements in transportation contribute to industrialization?

• Watt’s new steam engine was faster & more efficient, while using less fuel

• His steam engine led to Fulton’s steamboat, which could power ships up & down rivers

• The steamboat drastically improved water transportation & led to the building of canal systems (US, Britain)

• McAdam made roads easier to travel in rainy conditions (crushed rock over large stones)

How did the railroad industry begin?

• Trevithick’s steam-driven locomotive led to the railroad industry & improved travel/trade

• Stephenson built the world’s first railroad line in 1825 (27 miles long)

• By 1830, the Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened (connected port city to inland city)

• The Rocket (Stephenson) traveled at an unheard of speed of 24 mph

How did the railway industry revolutionize transportation?

• Rail lines were built to connect industrial cities to markets and provide cheap transportation

• Huge railroad lines created lots of jobs for workers, miners, & other industries

• Railroads allowed workers to take distant jobs that could pay more

• The railroads also contributed to a boost in agricultural & fishing industries (quicker transportation)

Early locomotive