Industrialization Industrialization in United Canada 1850-67in United Canada 1850-67

Economics in United CanadaEconomics in United Canada 1846-49: Great Britain ends 1846-49: Great Britain ends

protectionismprotectionism and adopts and adopts free free tradetrade policy. policy.

Colonies (including United Colonies (including United Canada) now need to Canada) now need to compete against other compete against other countries.countries.

1854 Canada signs 1854 Canada signs Reciprocity Treaty with Reciprocity Treaty with USA… they become trading USA… they become trading partners.partners.

Common market develops in Common market develops in Canada.Canada.

First Phase of Industrialization – First Phase of Industrialization – 1850-18671850-1867

British Colonies need to make their own British Colonies need to make their own manufactured manufactured goodsgoods to sell. to sell.

Capitalist businessmenCapitalist businessmen invest their money in creating invest their money in creating factories and industries…they employ factories and industries…they employ workersworkers to to produce produce goodsgoods in large quantities in large quantities..

Transport DevelopsTransport Develops

Many canals were Many canals were built for shipping, and built for shipping, and to provide power to to provide power to factories.factories.

Railways were built to Railways were built to link cities and move link cities and move products and raw products and raw materials.materials.

Without Without TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION, there could be no there could be no INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

Population Migration and Population Migration and UrbanizationUrbanization

The new industries The new industries needed workers!needed workers!

Factories in Big CitiesFactories in Big Cities People immigrated to People immigrated to

Canada … settled in Canada … settled in Canada West and got Canada West and got jobs.jobs.

French Canadians left French Canadians left farms and headed to farms and headed to cities… 400,000 went cities… 400,000 went to the US for work. to the US for work. There was a RURAL There was a RURAL EXODUS.EXODUS.

Urban Development…Urban Development…

Children in FactoriesChildren in Factories

Social ConditionsSocial Conditions

Businessmen and factory owners don’t Businessmen and factory owners don’t share profits… re-invest them in share profits… re-invest them in industries.industries.

Working conditions: long hours, low $.Working conditions: long hours, low $.Social Classes develop:Social Classes develop:

Upper Class – Rich and influentialUpper Class – Rich and influentialMiddle Class – Well off, had a voice in pol.Middle Class – Well off, had a voice in pol.Working Class – Unskilled, poorly paid.Working Class – Unskilled, poorly paid.