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INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT IN PAKISTAN

Presented By:

Kashif Noor

Roll No: EN-06 2015/16

Department of Environmental EngineeringNED University of Engineering & Technology Karachi

COURSE INSTRUCTOR

Engr. Prof. Dr. Asif Shaikh

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OUTLINE

1. • Introduction

2. • Industrial Development in Pakistan

3.• Environmental Effects of Industrial

Pollution4.

• Environment Laws, Rules and Regulations and Their Implementation

5 • Conclusion & Recommendations

6 • References

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INTRODUCTION

Industrialization is regarded as the major fundamental of the world’s economic growth.

Since the Industrial Revolution, industrialization has been regarded as essential for a country's rapid development.

But due to this revaluation the natural environment is going towards deprivation.

Unsustainable use of natural resources are leading country to environmental degradation.

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INTRODUCTION

knowingly or unknowingly, the industrialization ran faster without caring for environment to win the race.

Huge quantities of pollutants solids, liquids and gaseous material which are being let out in the air, water, land are investing the relationships between man and the nature with new complexities.

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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN

Since ''Industrial Revolution'' industrialization is considered crucial for rapid development of the country.

BRIEF HISTORY:

Growth of Industrial Sector from 1947 to 1950

Growth of Industrial Sector in 1950's

Performance of Industrial Sector in 1960'sPerformance of Industrial Sector from 1970's onward

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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN

1980’s Pakistan started steady recovery and growth

1990’s Growth in primary Industrial Units

2000 Growth in services Industries

2015 Pakistan at present is following the tested policies of industrialization for prosperity

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ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

Chaotic release of industrial effluents and air emissions have polluted ground and surface water, air quality, affected flora/fauna and human health.

Pol lu tion is one of the major issues fac ing cities like Karachi, Lahore Islamabad, Peshawar, Quetta and Rawalpindi.

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ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

Major effects of industrial pollution on

1. Water

2. Air 

3. Soil

4. Marine Life

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WATER POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN

According to an EPD source, 9000 million gallons of wastewater having 20,000 tons of BOD5 loading are daily discharged into water bodies from the industrial sector.

A recent survey of 150 industrial units in five potentially toxic groups completed by EPAs in the three provinces, reported extreme deviation from the levels prescribed in the National Environmental Quality Standards.

Federal Environmental Protection Agency showed that tanneries located in Kasur and Sialkot are discharging effluent with chrome concentration ranging between 182-222 mg/l against standards of 1 mg/l and Chemical Oxygen demand ranging between 5002-7320 mg/l against limit of 150 mg/l prescribed in the NEQS.

It has been estimated only 1% of industrial wastewater in Pakistan is treated before discharge.

The world health organization brief that 25-30% of all hospital admissions are connected to water borne bacterial and parasitic conditions, with 60% of infant deaths caused by water infections.

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Wastewater discharge of major citiesCity Urban

population (lacs) 1998

Total wastewaterProduced (MGD)

% of total Receiving water body

Karachi 9,339,023 365 26.3 Arabian sea

Lahore 5,143,495 173 12.5 Ravi river, irrigation canals

Faisalabad 2,008,861 78 5.6 River Ravi, River Chenab

Gujranwala 1,132,509 43 3.1 SCRAP drains, vegetable farms

Rawalpindi 1,409,768 24 1.8 River soan, vegetable farms

Sheikhupura 870,110 9 0.7 SCRAP drains

Multan 1,197,384 40 2.9 River Chenab, irrigation canals

Sialkot 713,552 11.46 0.8 River Ravi, irrigation canals

Hyderabad 1,166,894 31 2.2 River Indus, SCRAP drains, irrigation canals

Peshawar 982,816 31.37 2.3 Kabul River

Other 19,475,588 583.48 41.8 -

Total 43,440,000 1389.31 100

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AIR POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN

Industrialization set in motion the widespread use of fossil fuels which are now the main drivers of pollution as we know it.

Air pollution is rapidly growing environmental concern in Pakistan.Some major air Pollutants are: CO2

NOx SO2

PM CFC CH4

O3

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Sector CO2 SO2 CO NOx

Iron & Steel 3,939.96 15.02 0.73 0.61

Cement 4,156.34 55.04 50.82 5.27

Glass, Ceramics 153.03 0.87 0.80 0.14

Refining, petrochemicals 696.51 8.77 8.17 0.88

Chemicals 1115.28 0.37 1.07 0.87

Textile 1,343.27 2.45 2.94 1.10

Pulp and paper 631.42 1.94 2.15 0.57

Sugar refining 5,887.02 0.81 173.64 0.16

Leather and footwear 49.65 0.14 0.15 0.04

Food, beverages and tobacco 1,154.55 2.08 2.45 0.93

Industrial emission levels (000 tons)

Source: TTSID, Oct. 1995

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Average air pollutants in Karachi

Residential Areas (june 2005)

Traffic intersection (june 2005)

020406080

100120140 SO2 concentration

SO2 (ug/m3) WHO guidelines

Residential areas (june 2005)

Traffic intersection (june 2005)

0

50

100

150

200 NO2 concentration

NO2 (ug/m3) WHO guidelines

Residential areas (june 2005)

Traffic intersection (june 2005)

0100200300400500600 PM concentration

PM (ug/m3) WHO guidelines

0200400PM10 concentration

PM10 (ug/m3) WHO guidelines

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EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

Environmental problems such as Climate change, Greenhouse effect, global warming are big cause of air emissions which have harmful effects on humans, animals, trees and the wider environment.

Air pollutants enter the body primarily through the respiratory system which thus becomes their main victim.

Each air pollutant exerts their own specific adverse impacts, ranging from mild to really

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MARINE LIFE INTERRUPTION

Marine life is under serious hazard of extinction from rising industrial pollution in Pakistan's seas as spillage of contaminated substances has already turned Karachi seaport into "azoic" state.

In Karachi alone more than 6,000 industrial enterprises, some 60 per cent of the country’s industry, are located along the coastal belt. From which 26.3 % discharge in to sea without an treatment.

Environmentalist groups claim chemicals released from Tanneries (leather factories), is worst contamination, it is also released in the sea.

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MARINE LIFE INTERRUPTION

Oil refineries also dump waste into the sea. Therefore fish have migrated from waters near the shore to deep open sea water. Between 2 nautical miles from the shore no fish is available now.

sea water was appearing black by color, even stones of protection wall had turned black, many bottles, polyether bags and other waste was visible on the surface of water.

In August 2003 Greek tanker Tasman Spirit carrying 35000 tons crude oil from Iran crude when it was about to arrive at Karachi coast. It faced rough weather and broke out in two pieces, resultantly its entire oil was spilled into Arabian sea killing thousands of fish and birds.

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CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

No implementation of Policies to Control Pollution Unplanned Industrial Growth Presence of Large Number of Small Scale Industries Inefficient Waste Disposal

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Environment Laws, Rules and Regulations and Their Implementation

• Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997• The Pollution Charge For Industry (Calculations and Collections) Rules, 2001• Provincial Sustainable Development Fund (Utilization) Rules, Env2003.• Self Monitoring and Reporting by Industries Rule 2001- Amended• The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972• The Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management act,

1974)• Environmental Samples Rules, 2001. • Hazardous Substance rules. 2003• Environmental Laboratories Certification Regulation• Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014

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RECOMMENDATION & CONTROL

• Emission Charges

Emission Charges are prices established for the right to emit a unit of a pollutant. If any industry is not regulating their emissions so they are under obligation to pay charges for that.

• Emission Standards

Limits ought to be established by government on the twelve-monthly amounts and kinds of pollutants that can be emitted into the air or water by producers or users of certain products.

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RECOMMENDATION & CONTROL

• Command and Control Regulation 

A system or rule that requires the use of specific pollution control devices on certain sources of pollution or applies strict emission standards to specific emitters.

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REFERENCES

• Http://Www.Ukessays.Com/Essays/Environmental-Sciences/Water-And-Soil-Pollution-In-Pakistan-Environmental-Sciences-Essay.Php• Http://Www.Cssforum.Com.Pk/Css-Compulsorysubjects/Essay/Essays/47900-Environmental-Issues-Pakistan.Html• Land And Environmental Degradation And Its Amelioration For Sustainable Agriculture In Pakistan Quarterly Science Vision Vol.9 No.1-2 (Jul - Dec,

2003) & 3-4 (Jan - Jun, 2004)• Http://Hubpages.Com/Education/Industrial-Development-In-Pakistan• Air Pollution: Key Environmental Issues In Pakistan By Mahmood A. Khwaja And Shaheen Rafi Khan• Industrial Policy And The Environment In Pakistan• Environmental Challenges And Responses Of Pakistan• Ministry Of Environment, Local Government And Rural Development• Http://Www.Environment.Gov.Pk/10/2001• Azizullah, Peter Richter, Donat Peter Häder, “Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Wastewater Samples From Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate (Gaie), Swabi,

Pakistan”.• Shahid Amjad. “Strategy For Industrial Waste Water And Pollution Control”. Professor: College Of Computer Science And Information Systems Institute

Of Business Management, Karachi• Wastewater Production, Treatment And Use In Pakistan• Ghulam Murtaza1 And Munir H. Zia ,Associate Professor/Director Farms (Institute Of Soil And Environmental Sciences, University Of Agriculture,

Faisalabad)• Http://Www.Unido.Org/Fileadmin/Import/Userfiles/Timminsk/Rio10-Ind-Pakistan-Eng.Pdf• Http://Ecoenvironmentofearth.Blogspot.Com/2010/05/Environmental-Degradation-And-Its.Html• Http://Www.Pakistantoday.Com.Pk/2013/06/26/City/Karachi/Environmental-Cost-Of-Industrialisation/• Http://Ncejpak.Org/Pollution-Puts-The-Marine-Life-At-Stake-2/