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Industrial Symbiosis Network for Environment Protection and Sustainable Development in Black Sea Basin
SymNet Project Bimonthly Newsletter No.2
November 2011
Industrial symbiosis at a first glance seems to be a big word supported by complex structures and mechanisms but actually it is derived from nature‟s own operations. Initial question that pops up to mind is the term „symbiosis‟, so what is symbiosis? The term 'symbiosis' builds on the notion of mutualism in biological communities where at least two otherwise unre-lated species exchange materials, en-ergy, or information in a mutually beneficial manner. A good example that comes to mind is the clownfish and the anemone- just think of the movie Nemo. The clownfish feeds on small invertebrates which otherwise potentially could harm the sea anem-
one, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. The clownfish is addi-tionally protected from predators by the anemone's stinging cells, to which the clown-
fish is immune.
Deriving its reasoning from the na-ture, Industrial symbiosis is part of a relevantly new field called industrial ecology. Industrial ecology is princi-pally concerned with the flow of mate-rials and energy through systems at different scales, from products to fac-tories and up to national and global levels. Industrial symbiosis engages traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water, and/or by
-products.
There are three primary opportuni-ties for resource exchange:
1) By-product reuse - the exchange
of firm-specific materials between two or more parties for use as sub-stitutes for commercial products or raw materials. The materials ex-change component has also been referred to as a by-product ex-change, by-product synergy, or waste exchange and may also be referred to as an industrial recycling network. 2) Utility/infrastructure sharing - the pooled use and management of com-monly used resources such as en-ergy, water, and wastewater. 3) Joint provision of services - meet-ing common needs across firms for ancillary activities such as fire sup-pression, transportation, and food
provision.
The term 'industrial symbiosis' was coined in the small municipality of Kalundborg, Denmark. In Kalundborg, the primary partners included an oil refinery, a power station, a gypsum board facility, and a pharmaceutical company. The concept began to form back in 1980s and in the more than 20 years till now, around 20 exchanges were established by sharing of ground water, surface water, wastewater, steam and fuel as well as exchange of a variety of by-products. Some results from Kalundborg are waste exchanges of 2.9 million per year, overall de-crease of 25% in water consumption, and around 5000 homes started using district heating. Rather than resulting from planning or a multi-stakeholder process, the Kalundborg symbiosis emerged from self-organization initi-ated in the private sector to achieve certain goals such as cost reduction, revenue enhancement, business expan-sion, and securing long-term access to
water and energy.
High levels of environmental and economic efficiency have been
achieved, leading to many other less tangible benefits involving personnel, equipment, and information sharing. Each exchange is developed as an eco-nomically attractive business arrange-ment between participating firms through bilateral contracts. The sym-biosis is not based on a planning proc-ess and that it continually evolves. Regulation plays an indirect role, it does not enforce cooperation. Being self-organized and spontaneous are cited as key elements of success in
industrial symbiosis.
Overtime there have been many examples of industrial symbiosis activi-ties worldwide. Most of the successful examples had one common property and this was the „geographical prox-imity‟. As one would observe, geo-graphical proximity has a direct effect on costs which in turn determines the necessity for cooperation. In this re-spect, just like Kalundborg most of the „industrial symbiosis‟ examples were limited in smaller areas. However, an innovative movement in UK, resulted in an official programme in UK back in 2005. The National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) in the UK provides brokerage services, linking companies with potential synergistic matches, as well as working with national and local
government bodies.
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS?
The content of this publication can in no way reflect the views of the European Union.
Direct Effects of Industrial Symbiosis
Diminished costs for waste handling
Increased resource availability and security
Diminished costs related to coopera-tion in logistics and other services
Cooperation in respect to legislation
SymNet Project Bimonthly Newsletter No.2
November 2011
NISP is a free business opportunity programme that delivers environ-mental, social and economic benefits and is the first industrial symbiosis initiative in the world to be launched on a national scale. NISP‟s achieve-ments in only 5 years prove how impor-tant industrial symbiosis can be in eco-nomic development and environmental
protection.
Below are case studies from all over the world to show that industrial sym-biosis may take many different forms
and happen various scales.
Case Study: Board waste finds new energy solution
Sonae Industria (UK) Limited‟s Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) abatement process results in 2,000 tonnes per year of a waste product known as „WESP crumb‟. The material was previously sent to landfill, but since this option conflicted with Sonae Industria (UK) Limited‟s sustainability policy, the company was looking for a more environmentally friendly means
of disposal.
Avanti Environmental Group Ltd was able to collect and dispose of the ma-terial for use as a fuel in a renewable energy plant. This not only provided a more sustainable option but also gen-erated significant cost savings for So-
nae Industria (UK) Limited.
The symbiosis resulted in the diver-sion of 2,000 tonnes of material from
landfill, with an associated CO2 reduc-tion of 555 tonnes. An annual cost sav-
ing of €85,000.
Case Study: Greater Sudbury’s Regional Eco-Industrial Strategy The City of Greater Sudbury and the
Greater Sudbury Development Corpora-tion have shown leadership in ecoin-dustrial activity with the development of Regional Strategy. Greater Sudbury is one of the first municipalities in Canada to recognize the links between economic development and sustainable industrial activity. The economic de-velopment and quality of life of the Greater Sudbury area is strengthened by Greater Sudbury Development Cor-poration with the goal of:
supporting the expansion of cur-rent businesses,
attracting, brokering and facilitat-ing new business develop,
encouraging continued economic
diversification.
Case Study : Hotel Food Waste The Best Western Premier Mount
Pleasant Hotel in Doncaster historically sent their food waste to landfill which lead a greenhouse effect 25 times more than potent CO2. The hotel man-ager tried The Grott Box, developed by Angelheart, which captures catering waste arising from the kitchen prepa-ration area or buffets. He was pleased with the trial and decided to continue using the boxes as a means of collect-
ing food waste. The major results of agreement are 4 of businesses assisted
and 2 tons of landfill diverted.
Case Study: River Road Eco-Industrial Community Zone C
In 2005, the Saving Our Industrial Lands (SOIL) initiative was launched by Delta Mayor Lois Jackson targeting 200 of Delta‟s 500 acre supply of vacant industrial lands in the River Road east area. With the construction of the South Fraser Perimeter Road and ex-panded port activities, Zone C supports high quality industrial development and support services that contribute to Delta‟s, and the region‟s long-term economic prosperity. Zone C is one of the key industrial employment areas in Delta and Metro Vancouver. From a regional perspective, other features include:
There are more than 650 busi-nesses in Tilbury Industrial Park located along River Road west of Zone C.
Annacis Island, a completely built–out industrial park is just across the river.
The Zone C has excellent connec-tions to regional rail, road, marine, and air transportation networks. U.S. Border is also less than 50km.
River Road has a long historical background of waterfront and re-lated industrial uses that continue to operate today.
The content of this publication can in no way reflect the views of the European Union.
CASE STUDIES
NISPs 2005-2010 Achievements
12500 members
Divert 7 m T of waste from landfill
Collectively reduce CO2-eq by over 6 mT
Generate €215 m in additional sales
Reduce over €190 m in costs for industry
Attract over €160 m in private invest-ment in reprocessing and recycling
Cut the use of virgin materials by 9.6mT
Eliminate over 363000T of hazardous waste
Jobs created more than 3600
Jobs saved more than 5000
Environmental Win
Reduced virgin material and
energy input
(Substituted with wastes and
renewable fuels)
ROUNDPUT
Utilisation of
- Waste materials & Energy
- Renewables
- Services
Environmental Win
Reduced waste and emission
output
(Waste is used as a resource;
renewables are CO2 neural fuels
Economic Win
Reduced raw material and
energy costs
Economic Win
Reduced waste mangement costs
Diminished costs related to coopera-tion in logistics and other services
INPUT OUTPUT
Social Win
New employment opportunities through local utilisation and
management of the material and energy flows
Increased cooperation and participation
Cooperation in respect to legislation and national & regional strategies
SymNet Project Bimonthly Newsletter No.2
November 2011
Case Study: Japanese Cement Industry
In Japan, scarcity of land for waste disposal has prompted significant co-operation and technological innovation to overcome technical barriers in af-fected industries. The Japanese ce-ment industry now consumes approxi-mately 6% of the country‟s waste, in-cluding half of the fly ash produced by power plants. As a result, the Japa-nese cement industry reports the smallest energy consumption per ton of cement produced among developed
countries.
Case Study: Biodiesel Plants Argent Energy, Scotland‟s biodiesel
plant, working in energy sector, con-verts used cooking oil (UCO) collected from producers around UK into bio-diesel. The capacity of the plant is 50 million liters of biodiesel each year, which means it can generate 3 times the total production of biodiesel in the UK in 2004. With this symbiosis exam-ple, 50 million liters of UCO are re-processed, 50 million liters of mineral based diesel consumption are avoided, and 200,000 tons of CO2 per annum are displaced with burning mineral based
diesel.
Case Study: Cooperation in Logistics Courtenham Group, a logistics com-
pany based in Essex work with Emer-gency Solution Ltd (emerR) which need warehousing and transportation ser-vices. Since they began their partner-ship, emerR has achieved 65% annual savings, the sales increased by
€14,350, and saved costs of €7,725.
Case Study :Recycling of Ceramics Shanks East London operating several
Civic Amenity Sites and Materials Re-cycling Facilities agreed to deliver ceramics to Southfields Group that own and operate a 30 acre recycling facility in Orsett, Essex. The achieve-ments of the companies since the agreement are the followings: €98,000 in additional sales for industry per year, cost savings of €55,000 per year, 3,000 tons of material diverted from landfill per year and CO2 emissions cut
by 96 tons per year.
So, how will Project SymNet assist in Industrial Symbiosis between Istanbul,
Varna, Constanta and Chisinau?
Project SymNet aims to minimize the environmental degradation and also in return of effects of climate change while maximizing economic and social development between the 4 cities and setting an example for the whole of Black Sea Basin by establish-ing an industrial symbiosis system. SymNet will study 4 important sectors; Energy, Tourism, Logistics and Manu-
facturing.
SymNet‟s expected impacts are: Effective natural resource man-
agement and environmental pro-tection will be improved with in-novative management tool
Environmental and carbon foot-print of production and waste dis-posal and consumption of 4 sectors are determined
Intra-regional trade networks will be strengthened
Intra-regional trade potential will be increased
Capacity and visibility on how to improve the natural resource man-agement efficiency and reduce climate change effects of produc-tion are increased
Local economic development will be affected positively in partner regions
Experience and know-how on re-source management will be gained effectively among partner organi-
zations
To be able to set up this Industrial Symbiosis Platform, SymNet Project team will act as a coordinating body and within the project provide factors suitable for the platform‟s develop-ment and functioning. SymNet Project team will also assess the existing situation, Identifying the key parties/stakeholders within the region, Inform them about various aspects of Indus-trial Symbiosis Platform and establish-ing effective communication plat-forms. Project SymNet covers the fol-lowing main activities to achieve an efficient and sustainable Industrial Symbiosis Platform:
Comprehensive database on local and regional trade networks, pro-duction and consumption move-ments are created
Spatial data analysis of produc-tion, logistics and consumption are conducted and the results are pre-sented to decision-makers and producers with visual maps by using Geographical Information System (GIS) applications
Flow of raw materials, primary, secondary and final products, final consumption and waste deposition pattern and locations are under-stood within the Black Sea Basin by GIS supported approach
Web based open sourced pro-gramme is developed for providing a updated online platform for link-ing and optimizing the intra-regional trade and understand the recent trends and flows in the basin as a decision support tool
Environmental and carbon foot-print of production, transportation and disposal are determined by using web based open sourced programme
New strategy on establishing in-dustrial symbiosis in Black Sea Basin is developed for increasing environmental protection and eco-nomic profitability while increas-ing natural resource use efficiency and intra-regional material follow
Training of trainers and stake-holder participation activities are organized for building capacity, sharing know-how an experience while promoting new system
Awareness on efficient use of re-sources for reducing the costs through regional trade networks is raised by project progress and
project closing conference
One of the most crucial items listed above is the collection of sector re-lated data to develop a database where enough information can be found to establish cooperation be-tween companies. Only by the contri-bution and goodwill of sector compa-nies and decision makers such data can be collected and the platform being fully operational. Therefore, as the SymNet Project Team, we would welcome and encourage all contribu-tions and inputs from stakeholders and
decision makers of the four sectors.
The content of this publication can in no way reflect the views of the European Union.
WHAT WILL SYMNET DO?
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS NETWORK FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BLACK SEA BASIN - SYMNET
Publication edited by Ozyegin University - Centre for Energy, Environment and Economy
http://www.ozyegin.edu.tr/energy
November 2011
This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content of this publication are the sole responsibility of Ozyegin University - Centre for Energy, Environment and Economy and can in no way reflect the views of the
European Union.
Industrial Symbiosis Network for Environment Protection and Sustainable Development in Black Sea Basin
SymNet Project Bimonthly Newsletter No.2
November 2011
Institute of Oceanology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Dr. Margarita Stancheva (Project Coordinator/Beneficiary) PO Box 152, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria [email protected]
Özyeğin University Centre for Energy, Environment and Economy
Dr. Pınar Özuyar (Project Coordinator/IPA Lead Beneficiary) Çekmeköy Campus Nişantepe Mevkii, Alemdağ-Çekmeköy İstanbul, Turkey [email protected]
National Institute for Marine Research and Development
“Grigore Antipa”
Dr. Luminita Buga 300 Mamaia Blvd. Constanta, Romania [email protected]
Agency for Innovation and Technology Transfer
Academy of Science of Moldova
Mr. Ghenadie Cernei Off. 400 5, Miorita St., MD-2028 Chisinau, Rebuplic of Moldova [email protected]
Istanbul’s EU Pioneers Association
Mr. Fikret Kasapoğlu Alemdar Mah. Hacı Beşir Tekkesi Sok. No: 5/4 Cağaloğlu-Eminönü, İstanbul, Turkey [email protected]
Chertow M., R. (2007) “Uncovering” Industrial Symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 11, 11 – 30.
Chertow M., R. (2000). INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: Literature and Taxonomy. Energy Environment. 25, 313 – 334
Desrochers, P. (2002). Cities and Industrial Symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 5, 29-44
February 26, 2009. Case Study: Hotel Food Recycling Trial, The Industrial Symbiosis Program. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from https://crisp.international-synergies.com/_layouts/Downloads/4006%20-%20Hotel%20Food%20Recycling%20Trial.pdf
February 18, 2011. Case Study: Turning the tables on ceramics. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from https://crisp.international-synergies.com/_layouts/Downloads/5025%20-%205025.pdf
Jacobsen, N. B. (2006). Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 10, 239 – 255.
May 01, 2005. Case Study: Argent Energy – Scotland’s biodiesel plant. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from https://crisp.international-synergies.com/_layouts/Downloads/argent_energy_SISP.pdf
Mirata, M. (2004). Experiences fromearly stages of a national industrial sym-biosis programme in the UK: determinants and coordination challenges Jour-nal of Cleaner Production 12 967–983.
September 2007. Greater Sudbury‟s Regional Eco-Industrial Strategy. Re-trieved November 14, 2011 from http://www.ecoindustrial.ca/projects/Sudbury%20EINStrategy_ExecSum.pdf
September 15, 2008. River Road Eco - Industrial Community Zone C Redevel-opment Concept Plan. Retrieved November 14, 2011 from http://www.ecoindustrial.ca/projects/Delta%20Zone%20C_Concept%20Plan.pdf
September 15, 2009. Case Study: NISP Developing Successful Business Rela-tionships. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from https://crisp.international-synergies.com/_layouts/Downloads/4227%20-%20NISP%20Developing%20Successful%20Business%20Relationships.pdf
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