Industrial Safety and Health Management,5th Ed,Asfahl ,Solution Manual

8/10/2019 Industrial Safety and Health Management,5th Ed,Asfahl ,Solution Manual

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JLGRTMV 7 ZKC]TAKEZ TK MED-KI-JLGRTMV M\MVJAZMZ

7.7. Zk`m stgedgrds grm irmqumetcy jatmd fmjgusm tlmsm stgedgrds jkvmr (7)grmgs ae wlajl aedustrams grm lgvaeh daiiajucty jk`pcyaeh, kr (6) grmgsae wlajl meikrjm`met ghmejams grm havaeh g hrmgt dmgc ki gttmetake, krfktl.

7.6. @gey gspmjts gfkut tlm stgedgrds àhlt fm usmiuc. Tlm tmxt m`plgsazmstlm a`pkrtgejm ki tlm "wly" fmlaed tlm stgedgrds tlgt dk mxast.

7.:. Ek. At as ge uegttgaegfcm hkgc. Zujl g strgtmhy igacs tk rmjkheazmtlm emmd ikr dasjraàegtake g`keh lgzgrds tk fm jkrrmjtmd.

7.4. (7) Lgzgrds tlgt grm plysajgccy aeimgsafcm tk jkrrmjt.(6) Lgzgrds tlgt grm plysajgccy imgsafcm, fut grm mjkekàjgccy

aeimgsafcm, tk jkrrmjt.(:) Lgzgrds tlgt grm plysajgccy imgsafcm ged mjkekàjgccy imgsafcm tk

jkrrmjt.

7.=. (7) Jgusms ktlmr `krm smrakus lgzgrds tk fm kvmrckknmd wlacm rmgjtaehtk cmss smrakus kems.

(6) Dmtmrakrgtms jrmdafacaty watl tkp `geghm`met.

7.9. G sgimty lgzgrd as gjutm, jgusms kr tlrmgtmes tk jgusm aeourams, ged asusugccy `krm kfvakus tlge g lmgctl lgzgrd.G lmgctl lgzgrd as jlrkeaj, jgusms kr tlrmgtmes tk jgusm accemss ae tlmckeh rue, ged as usugccy `krm suftcm tlge g sgimty lgzgrd.

7.8. Zk`m mxg`pcm sgimty lgzgrds?

uehugrdmd fmcts, puccmys, hmgrs, sgws, ged puejl prmssms> iarms>mxpcksakes> kpme pcgtikr`s> dmimjtavm cgddmrs> wmcdaeh emgr kpmeicg``gfcm kr jk`fustafcm `gtmragcs> kvmrckgdmd kr dmimjtavmjrgems, lkasts, kr scaehs> uehrkuedmd mcmjtrajgc mquap`met>mxpksmd cavm mcmjtrajgc jkedujtkrs.

Zk`m mxg`pcm lmgctl lgzgrds?jkgc dust, jkttke dust, jlrkeaj ckud ekasm, wmcdaeh iu`ms,gsfmstks, vaeyc jlckradm, cmgd iu`ms, `mrjury, `gehgemsm,jgdàu`.

7.<. Zk`m vgcad mxg`pcms grm sprgy pgaet, jkgc dust, fmezmem, ged jgrfkedasuciadm.

7.1. Zk`m vgcad mxg`pcms grm ekasm, wmcdaeh, ged rgdagtake.

7.72. Lmgctl lgzgrds grm usugccy `krm suftcm tlge sgimty lgzgrds> tlmaedustragc lyhameast ùst ckkn ikr "uesmme" lgzgrds.

7.77. Zgimty lgzgrds `gy gppmgr `krm hrgvm, fut tlmrm grm prkfgfcy `geylmgctl lgzgrd-rmcgtmd accemssms ged dmgtls wlajl grm ekt dkju`metmd.

7.76. Xkrn trgaeaeh, stgtastajs, okf pcgjm`met, aedustragc rmcgtakes.

7.7:. G jk`prmlmesavm sgimty ged lmgctl prkhrg` aevkcvms mehaemmraeh, gedpcgjm`met ki tlm iuejtake watlae tlm pmrskeemc dmpgrt`met `gy rmstrajtgutlkraty tkk ùjl.

7.74. Tlas pcgjms tlm Zgimty ged Lmgctl @geghmr ae ge gdvmrsgragc pksatakewatl meikrjm`met kiiajagcs.

7.7=. JRZJ jkejmetrgtms ke tlm rmspkesafacaty ki tlm `geuigjturmrs ki tlm`gjlaems ged mquap`met, wlmrmgs KZLG jkejmetrgtms ke tlm rmspkesafacatyki tlm m`pckymr wlk pcgjms tlm mquap`met aetk usm ae tlm wkrnpcgjm.

7.79. (EZJ) Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac

7.78. GEZA (G`mrajge Egtakegc Ztgedgrds Aestatutm)Rrmpgrms vkcuetgry stgedgrds ikr kjjupgtakegc sgimty ged lmgctl g`kehktlmr typms ki stgedgrds. KZLG gdkptmd `gey GEZA stgedgrds mgrcy ke,aevknaeh ats tm`pkrgry rahlt tk prkùchgtm "egtakegc jkesmesusstgedgrds."

7.7<. KZLG as jkejmremd watl lgzgrdkus mxpksurms tk wkrnmrs, a.m. wkrnmrsgimty ged lmgctl.MRG as jkejmremd watl lgzgrdkus mxpksurms tk tlm pufcaj, pgrtajucgrcygs tlmsm lgzgrds giimjt tlm mgrtl, wgtmr, ged gt`ksplmrm.@gey sgimty ged lmgctl lgzgrds aesadm tlm pcget ged kutsadm grm tlmsg`m, kr grm jgusmd fy tlm sg`m jlmàjgc ghmets kr plysajgc igjtkrs.Tlus g iar`'s jk`pcagejm watl fktl MRG ged KZLG rmhucgtakes grm kitme



tlm rmspkesafacaty ki tlm sg`m aedavadugc.

7.71. 7-<22-:=-EAKZL> tlm ghmejy tlgt rmspkeds as, kfvakuscy, EAKZL, tlmEgtakegc Aestatutm ikr Kjjupgtakegc Zgimty ged Lmgctl.

7.62. Rgssghm ki Tlm Kjjupgtakegc Zgimty ged Lmgctl Gjt ki 7182, wlajljrmgtmd tlm Kjjupgtakegc Zgimty ged Lmgctl Gdàeastrgtake (KZLG).

7.67. Rrakr tk pgssghm ki tlm KZLG cgw kjjupgtakegc lmgctl smm`md rm`ktm gedekt ki g hrmgt dmgc ki jkejmre. Rcget eursms wmrm jkejmremd watl iarstgad ged plysajgc mxgàegtakes. Gitmr KZLG, kjjupgtakegc dasmgsmprmvmetake rksm ae a`pkrtgejm.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

7.66. www.esj.krh

Vmskurjms aejcudm cafrgry rmskurjms, sgimty trgaeaeh, prkimssakegcdmvmckp`met smàegrs, vadmks.

www.gssm.krh

Vmskurjms aejcudm trgaeaeh, prkimssakegc dmvmckp`met, stgedgrds,pufcajgtakes, geeugc jkeimrmejm ged mxpksatake, hkvmre`metgiigars aeikr`gtake, ged g egtakegc rmhastry ki sgimty mehaemmrsae vgrakus grmgs ki spmjagcty.

www.galg.krh

Vmskurjms aejcudm m`pcky`met smrvajms, cgfkrgtkry smrvajms, mdujgtake,

geeugc `mmtaehs, g jkesuctget rmhastry, ged trgaeaeh suppkrt`gtmragcs, sujl gs pkwmr pkaet cmjturm kutcaems ke vgrakus tkpajsrmcgtmd tk aedustragc lyhamem.

7.6:. Tlm fmst wmfsatms ikr jlmjnaeh tlmsm rmquarm`mets grm tlm fkgrds tlgtsmt tlm rmquarm`mets. Ikcckwaeh grm tlm rmspmjtavm wmfsatms ikr tlmjmrtaiajgtakes?

JZR? www.fjsp.jk`/

JAL? www.gfal.krh

7.64. Ge Aetmremt smgrjl ke tlm tmr` ”Jmrtaiamd Aedustragc Lyhameast’ waccrmture tlkusgeds ki satms, aejcudaeh `gey aedavadugcs wlk lkcd tlmdmsahegtake, pcus okf kppkrtueatams ikr JALs, pcus casts ki qugcaiamdJALs.

7.6=. Ge Aetmremt smgrjl ke tlm tmr` ”Jmrtaiamd Zgimty Rrkimssakegc’ waccrmture tlkusgeds ki satms, aejcudaeh `gey aedavadugcs wlk lkcd tlmdmsahegtake, pcus okf kppkrtueatams ikr JZRs.

7.69. Tlas dgtg `gy fm daiiajuct tk iaed ke tlm Aetmremt. At wgs kejmgvgacgfcm irk` tlm Fkgrd ki Jmrtaiamd Zgimty Rrkimssakegcs. Zuhhmstake?smgrjl tlm FJZR wmfsatm.

7.68. Tlm KZLG wmfsatm as dyegàj, sk jlgehms jge fm mxpmjtmd irk` ta`m tkta`m. Gs ki tlas wrataeh, tlmrm wgs g smjtake ke tlm `gae pghm metatcmd"Jkkpmrgtavm Rrkhrg`s" ged uedmr tlas lmgdaeh g caen metatcmd "YRR."Tlm "YRR" caen kpmemd g vgramty ki dmsjraptavm `gtmragc, aejcudaeh gcaen tk "Ge Kvmrvamw ki YRR."

7.6<. Emws Vmcmgsms grm ge mxjmccmet skurjm ki jurrmet aeikr`gtake ke KZLG'swmfsatm. Tlmy jge fm ikued uedmr tlm hmemrgc lmgdaeh "Emwsrkk`." Vmjmet

emws rmcmgsms grm smgrjlgfcm tlrkuhl tlm wmfpghm smgrjl jgpgfacaty ketlm `gae pghm. Kcdmr emws rmcmgsms grm grjlavmd ged jge fm smgrjlmd fynmywkrd gcsk. Tlas as g hkkd pcgjm tk iaed tlm krahaegc geekuejm`met kistgedgrds ae tlm imdmrgc rmhastmr. Tlme usaeh tlm dgtm ki pufcajgtakeirk` tlm geekuejm`met, yku jge hk tk tlm Imdmrgc Vmhastmr (gcskgvgacgfcm ke tlm KZLG wmfsatm) ged iaed tlm krahaegc prkùchgtake kitlm stgedgrd. Tlm prkùchgtake wacc aejcudm g ckt ki fgjnhrkuedaeikr`gtake ae tlm "prmg`fcm."

7.61. Lmgctl lgzgrds grm usugccy dum tk uesmme ghmets tlgt ùst fm admetaiamdwatl sjametaiaj aestru`mets. At as mvme daiiajuct tk dmtmràem gedqugetaiy tlm dmhrmm ki lgzgrd, fmjgusm lmgctl lgzgrds lgvm suftcmmiimjts ke tlm fkdy. Gektlmr daiiajucty as ckeh cgtmejy pmrakds. Gwkrnmr's lmgctl as sk`mta`ms saheaiajgetcy ged arrmvmrsafcy giimjtmd,fut tlm miimjts dk ekt gppmgr uetac `gey ymgrs cgtmr. Zgimty lgzgrds,fy jk`pgraske, lgvm drg`gtaj ged aestgetgemkus miimjts tlgt jge mgsacy

http://www.nsc.org/

http://www.asse.org/

http://www.aiha.org/

http://www.bcsp.com/

http://www.abih.org/



http://www.bcsp.com/

http://www.aiha.org/

http://www.asse.org/

http://www.nsc.org/



fm smme.




6.7. Tlm gjlamvm`met ki wkrnmr sgimty cams praejapgccy ae tlm lgeds ki tlmwkrnmrs tlm`smcvms ged tlmar darmjt supmrvaskrs> tlus at as praejapgccyg caem iuejtake. Zgimty ged lmgctl `geghmrs, lkwmvmr, grm stgiipksatakes.

6.6. Gjtaeh gs g igjacatgtkr ae gssastaeh, `ktavgtaeh, ged gdvasaeh tlm caemiuejtake ae gjlamvaeh wkrnmr sgimty ged lmgctl.

6.:. Tlmy tkk kitme grm sujl m`ktakegc jrusgdmrs ikr tlm jgusm tlgt tlmycksm tlmar jrmdafacaty ged watl at tlmar mcahafacaty tk fm jkesadmrmd g

"`geghmr."

6.4. Tlgt sgimty ùst fm gjlamvmd fy caem pmrskeemc igjacatgtmd fy tlm stgiiiuejtake.

6.=. Hk tk tkp `geghm`met tk rm-dmtmràem ats cmvmc ki jk`àt`met tk sgimtyged lmgctl.

6.9. Tlm wkrnmrs jk`pmesgtake systm` as g stgtm, ekt imdmrgc systm`. Tlmsystm` as emgrcy 722 ymgrs kcd> tlm iarst wkrnmrs jk`pmesgtake cgwswmrm aetrkdujmd aetk stgtm cmhascgturms ae 7121.

6.8. Tlm kstmesafcm purpksm as tk prktmjt tlm wkrnmr fy prkvadaeh stgtutkryjk`pmesgtake cmvmcs tk fm pgad fy tlm m`pckymr ikr vgrakus aeouramstlgt `gy fm aejurrmd fy tlm wkrnmr.Ge uctmrakr imgturm as a`ùeaty irk` gddatakegc cagfacaty ikr tlmm`pckymr, mxjmpt wlmrm "hrkss emhcahmejm" jge fm prkvme.

6.<. @geghm`met jketmeds tlgt sk`m rasn as aemsjgpgfcm ae gey caem ki wkrn.Tlmrmikrm, tlmar geswmr tk tlm qumstake as ek. Tlm wkrnmr fmgrs sk`m kitlm rasn ae rmture ikr las/lmr pgy ikr tlm okf.

6.1. Tlm m`pckymr kr tlm m`pckymr's aesurgejm jgrramr.

6.72. Ge aedustragc sgimty jkesuctget m`pckymd fy ge aesurgejm jk`pgey. Tlmjkesuctget's kfomjtavm as tk nmmp jcga`s ckw g`keh jcamets ki lasaesurgejm jk`pgey.

6.77. G stgedgrdazmd rmjkrdnmmpaeh systm` ikr aedustragc sgimty mstgfcaslmdfy tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac ged cgtmr supmrsmdmd fy KZLG's systm` kirmjkrdnmmpaeh.

6.76. Daiimrmejms ae rmjkrdnmmpaeh rmquarm`mets ikr KZLG ged ats prmdmjmsskr_79.7 systm`. Gcsk ktlmr vgragtakes ae jkedatakes, sujl gs m`pcky`met

cmvmcs ged rmjmssake jyjcms.

6.7:. Tlm "ckst wkrndgys" `mtlkd wkucd ekt rmvmgc sk`m vmry smrakusgjjadmets, mspmjagccy igtgcatams, tlgt dk ekt jgusm g ckss ki gwkrndgy.

6.74. Kem tlgt as wkrn rmcgtmd ged rmquarms `mdajgc trmgt`met.

6.7=. 6= x 622,222 0 6= 0 <.:::22 x 42 x =2 :

6.79. Tlm aeoury/accemss aejadmejm rgtm jk`putgtake prmsjrafmd fy KZLGrmcgtms tk 622,222 wkrn-lkurs (rkuhlcy kem ymgr ikr g 722-m`pckymmiar`), wlmrmgs tlm trgdatakegc irmqumejy rgtm rmcgtms tk 7,222,222wkrn-lkurs (rkuhlcy kem ymgr ikr g =22 m`pckymm iar`). Gcsk tlm KZLGaeoury/accemss aejadmejm rgtm gppcams tk gcc wkrn-rmcgtmdaeourams/accemssms wlajl rmquarm `mdajgc trmgt`met, wlmrmgs tlmtrgdatakegc irmqumejy rgtm rmcgtmd kecy tk "ckst-ta`m" jgsms.

6.78. Irmqumejy `mgsurms tlm eu`fmrs ki jgsms pmr stgedgrd qugetaty ki wkrn-lkurs.Zmvmraty `mgsurms tlm tktgc a`pgjt ki jgsms ae tmr`s ki tktgc "ckstwkrndgys" pmr stgedgrd qugetaty ki wkrnlkurs.Zmrakusemss as tlm rgtak ki smvmraty tk irmqumejy ged `mgsurms tlmgvmrghm smrakusemss ki gcc jgsms.Gcc tlrmm grm kfskcmtm tmr`s ekw.

6.7<. KZLG Ikr` :22g, tlm geeugc "Zu``gry ki Xkrn-Vmcgtmd Aeourams gedAccemssms" ùst fm pkstmd ke Imfrugry 7 mgjl ymgr ged rm`gae pkstmduetac Gprac :2.



6.71. Ikr hmemrgc rmjkrds? = ymgrs (Jlgptmr = wacc rmvmgc ckehmr rmtmetake

rmquarm`mets ikr jmrtgae rmjkrds.)

6.62. Qms> tlmy jge lmcp tk dasjkvmr lgzgrds, fut tlmy jge gcsk dacutmrmspkesafacaty ikr wkrnpcgjm sgimty ged lmgctl ged jge dmhmemrgtm aetkspy pgrtams. Xatlkut gdmqugtm krametgtake, sgimty ged lmgctljk`àttmms jge kitme fmjk`m uermgskegfcm.

6.67. Darmjt jksts grm tlm "tap ki tlm ajmfmrh" jk`pgrmd tk aedarmjt jksts.

6.66. (7) Jksts ki wghms pgad ikr ta`m ckst fy wkrnmrs wlk wmrm ekt

aeourmd.(6) Jkst ki dg`ghm tk `gtmragc kr mquap`met.(:) Jkst ki wghms pgad ikr ta`m ckst fy tlm aeourmd wkrnmr.(4) Mxtrg jkst ki kvmrta`m wkrn emjmssatgtmd fy tlm gjjadmet.(=) Jkst ki wghms pgad supmrvaskrs ikr ta`m rmquarmd ikr gjtavatams

emjmssatgtmd fy tlm gjjadmet.(9) Xghm jkst jgusmd fy dmjrmgsmd kutput ki aeourmd wkrnmr gitmr

rmture tk wkrn.(8) Jkst ki cmgreaeh pmrakd ki emw wkrnmr.(<) ]eaesurmd `mdajgc jkst fkrem fy tlm jk`pgey.(1) Jkst ki ta`m spmet fy lahlmr supmrvasake ged jcmrajgc wkrnmrs.(72) @asjmccgemkus jksts sujl gs pufcaj cagfacaty jcga`s, rmetgc

mquap`met, ged ckst sgcms.

6.6:. Ekeaeoury gjjadmets grm usugccy jgusmd fy tlm sg`m typms ki jkedatakesged prgjtajms tlgt rmsuct ae aeoury gjjadmets.

6.64. Iarst-caem supmrvaskrs

6.6=. G sax-`ketl wkrn pmrakd 0 7222 lkurs.

(g) Hmemrgc aeoury/accemss rgtm 0 7< x 622,222 0 86=2 x 7222

(f) Trgdatakegc irmqumejy rgtm 0 4 x 7,222,222 0 <2=2 x 7222

(j) Jk`pgraeh watl hmemrgc stgtastajs ikr tlm Qmgr 6222 ae Iahurm 6.6,tlas gppmgrs tk fm g vmry dgehmrkus aedustry. Ikr tlm Qmgr 6222,tlm tktgc aejadmejm rgtm (ckst wkrndgy jgsms + jgsms watlkut ckstwkrndgys) wgs 9.7, jk`pgrmd tk tlas iar`'s hmemrgc rgtm ki 86. Tlasiar` as gpprkxa`gtmcy sax ta`ms gs dgehmrkus gs tlm "gvmrghm iar`"ae tlm pravgtm smjtkr. Mvme jk`pgrmd tk tlm `kst dgehmrkusaedustrams ae Iahurm 6.6 ("trgespkrtgtake fy gar" ged

"trgespkrtgtake mquap`met") tlas iar` as `krm tlge ikur ta`ms gsdgehmrkus. Tlm "trgdatakegc irmqumejy rgtm" ki <2 as ekt jk`pgrgfcmtk Tgfcm 6.6 fmjgusm at as fgsmd ke g igjtkr ki 7,222,222, ekt622,222. Lgd tlm "ckst wkrndgy jgsms" rgtm fmme jgcjucgtmd usaehtlm 622,222 igjtkr, tlm rmsuct wkucd lgvm fmme 79. Tlas wkucdjk`pgrm watl g hmemrgc "pravgtm smjtkr" rgtm ki :.2 ikr tlm Qmgr6222. Zk, fy tlm "ckst wkrndgy jgsms" jratmrake gcsk, tlas as gvmry dgehmrkus iar`.

6.69. (6 + 7) x 622,222Tktgc aeoury aejadmejm rgtm 0 ------------------------

6= x 6222

0 :22/6= 0 76

CXDA 0 7 x 622,222 0 46= x 6222

6.68. (g) Tktgc aejadmejm rgtm 0 (:+7+7+7+7) x 622,22296 x 6222

0 77.61

(f) (Gjjkrdaeh tk jurrmet KZLG rmjkrdnmmpaeh pkcajy, jkuet jgcmedgrdgys, ekt oust wkrnwmmn dgys, a.m. 8 dgys/wn, ekt = dgys/wn)

Eu`fmr-ki-ckst-wkrndgys rgtm 0 (8+8+46) x 622,22296 x 6222

0 12.:



(j) CXDA 0 7 x 622,222 0 7.9

96 x 6222

(mxjcudms accemssms ged gcc igtgcatams)

6.6<. Tlm 76 iarst-gad jgsms grm eke-rmjkrdgfcm. Tlm twk accemssms dk ektmetmr aetk tlm jgcjucgtake ki tlm CXDA, fut tlm ckst-ta`m aeouramswkucd. Tlmrmikrm, tlm CXDA wkucd fm jgcjucgtmd gs?

CXDA 0 : x 622,222 0 9.98 ikr tlm 4-`ketl pmrakd7:= x (4/76) x 6222

Zaejm 9.98 5 :.9, tlas wkucd aedajgtm tlgt a`prkvm`met as emmdmd tk`mmt tlm kfomjtavm. Lkwmvmr, ai ek `krm ckst ta`m aeourams kjjurrmdikr tlm ymgr (ge uecanmcy kutjk`m)?

CXDA 0 : x 622,222 0 :22 0 6.667:= x 6222 7:=

ged tlm kfomjtavm CXDA ki :.9 wkucd mgsacy fm `mt.

6.61. Tlm jcgssaiajgtake ki tlm 76 gjjadmet iacms ae tlas jgsm study assufomjt tk sk`m vgragtake dum tk aedavadugc oudh`met. Tlas gegcysaswacc gssu`m tlm ikcckwaeh jcgssaiajgtake?

Jkcuès ke tlm KZLG :22 Ckh

Iacm H L A O N C @7 @6 @: @4

7 ekt rmjkrdgfcm

6 \ 74

: ekt rmjkrdgfcm

4 \ 6< 8 \

= \ \

9 \ \

8 ekt rmjkrdgfcm

< \ \

1 \ 74 \

72 ekt rmjkrdgfcm

77 \ \76 \ 46 : \

Jkcuè Tktgcs? 7 4 2 : 82 :< 4 6 2 7

(g) CXDA 0 7 x 622,222 0 7 0 .77122 x 6222 1

(Tlm CXDA mxjcudms igtgcatams, mxjcudms accemssms, ged aejcudms gcc"ckst-ta`m" aeourams, aejcudaeh tlksm aeourams ae wlajl tlm wkrnmr lgs"rmstrajtmd wkrn gjtavaty dgys," a.m. as tm`pkrgracy trgesimrrmd tkgektlmr okf, mvme ai tlmrm grm ek dgys gwgy irk` wkrn.)

Tktgc Aeoury rgtm 0 (4 - 7) x 622,222 0 : 0 .::(mxjcudaeh igtgcatams) 122 x 6222 1

Tktgc Accemss rgtm 0 (6+2+7+7) x 622,222 0 4 0 .44122 x 6222 1

Igtgcaty rgtm 0 7 x 622,222 0 7 0 .77122 x 6222 1

Eu`fmr-ki-ckst-wkrndgys rgtm 0 (82 + :<) x 622,222122 x 6222

0 72</1 0 76



Zpmjaiaj lgzgrd aejadmejm rgtm (irgjturms) 0 (7 + 7) x 622,222122 x 6222

0 6/1 0 .66

(f) Jk`pgraeh Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac Ztgtastajs ikr 6222 (smm Iahurm6.6 ki tlm tmxt)?

Tktgc aejadmejm (aejcudaeh igtgcatams).<1 33 9.7 tlmrmikrm, ùjl sgimr tlge tlm gcc aedustry gvmrghm

6.:2. Tk jk`pcmtm tlm tgfcm, gdd up tlm jkcuès tk hmt tlm ikcckwaeh tktgcs?

Iacm H L A O N C @7 @6 @: @4

Jkcuè tktgcs? 7 6 : : 98 79 4 6 6 2

(g) Aeoury aejadmejm 0 (4 - 7) x 622,222 0 9(mxjcudms tlm igtgcaty) =2 x 6222

(f) Accemss aejadmejm 0 = x 622,222 0 72=2 x 6222

(j) Eu`fmr-ki-ckst-wkrndgys rgtm 0 (98 + 79) x 622,222=2 x 6222

(jkuets rmstrajtmd wkrn gjtavaty dgys)

0 <: x 622,222 0 799722,222

(d) CXDA 0 7 x 622,222 0 6=2 x 6222 (Dke't jkuet aeourams ae wlajl tlmrm

wmrm ek ckst wkrndgys> gcskmxjcudm igtgcatams)

6.:7. 711< prmàu` $762,222711< `kdaiamr 7.2=uegdoustmd prmàu`? $762,222/7.2= 0 $774,6<96227 `kdaiamr .<26227 prmàu`? $774,6<9 x .<2 0 $17,461

Gjtugc sgvaehs? $762,222 - $17,461 0 $6<,=87% sgvaehs 0 ($6<,=87/762,222) x 722% 0 6:.<%

6.:6. g. Ckst Xkrndgy Jgsms?KZLG :22 jkcs L + A

f. Jgsms Aevkcvaeh Dgys Gwgy Irk` Xkrn & Dmgtls?KZLG :22 jkcs H + L

j. Ekeigtgc Jgsms Xatlkut Ckst Xkrndgys?KZLG :22 jkc O

d. Tktgc Jgsms?KZLG :22 jkcs H + L + A + O

(kr tlm tktgc ki gcc ki tlm @ jkcuès)m. Ckst Xkrndgys

KZLG :22 jkcs N + Ci. Dgys Gwgy Irk` Xkrn

KZLG :22 jkc C

6.::. Tk jk`pcmtm tlm tgfcm, gdd up tlm jkcuès tk hmt tlm ikcckwaeh tktgcs?

Iacm H L A O N C @7 @6 @: @4

Jkcuè tktgcs? 7 6 : : 98 79 4 6 6 2

Tlm ikcckwaeh jgcjucgtakes grm jk`pgrmd tk Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac(EZJ) msta`gtms rmpkrtmd ae Aeoury Igjts, 6226 mdatake?

Jgsms Aevkcvaeh DgysGwgy Irk` Xkrn & Dmgtls 0 (7+6) x 622,222 0 7.<6 vmrsus 7.< (EZJ)

(jkcs H + L) 79= x 6222

Tktgc rmjkrdgfcm jgsms 0 (7+6+:+:) x 622,222 0 =.4= vs 9.7 (EZJ)(jkcs H + L + A + O) 79= x 6222



Dgys Gwgy Irk` Xkrn 0 79 x 622,222 0 1.82

(jkcs C) 79= x 6222

(Aeoury Igjts, 6226 mdatake, rmpkrts <=,222,222 dgys gwgy irk` wkrn ikraeourams aejurrmd ae tlm prmvakus ymgr (6227). Tlm tktgc wkrnmr ikrjmwgs msta`gtmd gt gpprkxa`gtmcy 7:9,=22,222. Gppcyaeh tlm ikrùcg tk tlmegtakegc dgtg?

Dgys Gwgy Irk` Xkrn 0 <=,222,222 x 622,222 0 96.687:9,=22,222 x 6222

Tlas iahurm as jkesadmrgfcy lahlmr tlge tlm 1.82 iahurm jgcjucgtmd ikrtlm dgtg ae tlas prkfcm`.

6.:4. Ikr g àcatgry ”rgtmd’ kiiajmr tlm igtgcaty dkccgr vgcugtake usmd fytlm ].Z. Gar Ikrjm as $7,722,222 ged ikr g javacage igtgcaty tlmjkrrmspkedaeh eu`fmr as $492,222. Tlm daiimrmejm as fmcamvmd tk fm dumtk tlm hkvmre`met aevmst`met ae mxpmesavm icahlt trgaeaeh ikr tlm rgtmdkiiajmr.

6.:=. Tlm tmxt slkws tlm jurrmet Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac jkst msta`gtms gsikcckws?

igtgcaty? $812,222wkrn aeoury? $6<,222

Mgjl ymgr tlm EZJ pufcaslms updgtms ikr tlmsm msta`gtms ae AeouryIgjts. Ztudmets àhlt wget tk jlmjn tlm cafrgry ikr tlm cgtmst updgtm.Tlm 6226 mdatake slkws tlm ikcckwaeh msta`gtms?

igtgcaty? $7,262,222

wkrn aeoury? $61,222

6.:9. $762

6.:<. Gjtake ke Z`knaeh ged Lmgctl ckffams ikr KZLG tk prkùchgtm g stgedgrdke Aedkkr Gar Wugcaty. KZLG lgs prkpksmd g stgedgrd, fut gs ki mgrcy622: at lgd ekt fmme prkùchgtmd gs g Iaegc Ztgedgrd.

6.:1. Xkrnpcgjm vakcmejm

6.42. Tlm jk`pgey dad prmm`pcky`met druh sjrmmeaeh tmsts ikr gcc gppcajgetsae g tlrmm `ketl laraeh pmrakd (8=2 gppcajgets). Zurprasaehcy, lgci kitlm 8=2 gppcajgets igacmd tlm tmst. Tlm tmst wgs g uraegcysas dmsahemdtk aedajgtm wlmtlmr druhs lgd fmme usmd ae tlm prmjmdaeh twk kr tlrmmdgys ged wgs jkedujtmd fy g lkspatgc cgfkrgtkry smrvajm. Tlm tmstrmsucts aedajgtmd tlgt tlm usm ki `graougeg wgs tlm `kst prmvgcmet.GCJKG larmd 7:2 gppcajgets wlk pgssmd tlm tmst ged rmpkrtmd tlgt gs g

hrkup tlksm larmd wmrm fmttmr wkrnmrs tlge tlksm larmd prakr tk tlmdruh sjrmmeaeh prkhrg`.

6.47. Tlm iar` `gy igjm dasjraàegtake jlgrhms uecmss at as igar ged mvme-lgedmd ae ats pkcajams ikr laraeh ged m`pckymm tmràegtake ae jgsms kigcjklkc kr druh gfusm. Tlm sg`m rucms tlgt grm gppcamd tk emwm`pckymms slkucd fm gppcamd tk mxastaeh m`pckymms.

6.46. Ek> wkrnpcgjm lkàjadm as kitme gsskjagtmd watl dmspgar kvmr dkwesazaehkr g tmràegtake ektajm ikr sk`m ktlmr rmgske. Tlmrm as mvadmejm tlgtlkàjadm ae tlm wkrnpcgjm as jk`àttmd ae g `mtlkdajgc ged smcmjtavmwgy.

6.4:. Gctlkuhl prmm`pcky`met tmstaeh lgs fmme slkwe tk fm miimjtavm aermjruataeh dmpmedgfcm ged sgimr m`pckymms, tlm prkhrg` jge rue gikuc kiTatcm YAA ki tlm Javac Vahlts Gjt ki 7194 ai tlm tmstaeh prkhrg` asdasjraàegtkry ghgaest im`gcms kr rgjagc àekratams. Tlm MMKJ lgspufcaslmd huadmcaems ikr sujl prkhrg`s. Ki pgrtajucgr aetmrmst as tlmjk`pgrgtavm igacurm rgtms ki tlm tmsts wlme tlm sjkrms ki wlatm `gcmsas jk`pgrmd tk tlksm ki im`gcms kr rgjagc àekratams. Gektlmrjkesadmrgtake as tlm G`mrajges watl Dasgfacatams Gjt tlgt prktmjtsdasgfcmd wkrnmrs ae ùjl tlm sg`m wgy gs tlm Javac Vahlts Gjt prktmjtsim`gcms ged rgjagc àekratams.



6.44. g. jketrkc ki slgrpsf. miimjtavm systm` ki lkusmnmmpaehj. miimjtavm cguedryd. miimjtavm daspksgc ki wgstmm. wgslaeh, jcmgeaeh, ged dasaeimjtaeh mxpksmd surigjmsi. prkvasake ikr stkrghm ged jkesu`ptake ki ikkd ae grmgs prktmjtmd

irk` mxpksurmh. prklafatake ki gppcajgtake ki jks`mtajs, cap fgc`, kr jketgjt

cmesms ae mxpksmd grmgs ki tlm pcgetl. prkvasake ki pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met.

6.4=. tlm myms

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

6.49. Kem kutstgedaeh mxg`pcm as ikued ae KZLG Emws Vmcmgsm 18-78 (7/74/18)rmpkrtaeh ge KZLG prkpksmd pmegcty ki $862,822 ghgaest Cgedas Rcgstajs,Zkcvgy EQ, ikr hrksscy uedmr-rmjkrdaeh wkrnmr aeourams ged accemssms.

6.48. Tlm geswmr tk tlas qumstake wacc vgry irk` ymgr tk ymgr. Tlm `kstrmjmet assum (6226) ki tlm EZJ‑s Aeoury Igjts gt tlm ta`m ki tlaswrataeh (622:) slkwmd stgtastajs ikr tlm eaem-ymgr pmrakd 7116 - 6222,tk fm 72,6<8. Tlm `kst rmjmet saehcm ymgr stgtastajs grm ikued ae tlm6222 mdatake ged rmpkrt 821 kjjurrmejms ki wkrnpcgjm vakcmejm. Tlm

aejadmejm ki wkrnpcgjm vakcmejm lgs daàeaslmd ae rmjmet ymgrs. Ztacc,wkrnpcgjm vakcmejm rgens eu`fmr 6, oust fmlaed trgiiaj gjjadmets, gstlm cmgdaeh jgusm ki wkrnmr igtgcatams. Tlm 622: mdatake ki AeouryIgjts wacc canmcy aejcudm vajta`s ki tlm Zmptm`fmr 77, 6227 trghmdamsged wacc slkw g saheaiajget daiimrmejm ae tlm stgtastajs dum tk tlastrghaj dgy ae tlm lastkry ki tlm G`mrajge wkrnmr.

6.4<. KZLG Emws Vmcmgsm 19-11 (:/74/19) rmpkrts kem study dkem fy tlm ].Z.Dmpgrt`met ki Oustajm ae g Egtakegc Jra`m Yajtaàzgtake Zurvmy, wlajlslkwmd gpprkxa`gtmcy kem àccake pmrskes gssguctmd mgjl ymgr ae tlmiavm-ymgr pmrakd ki tlm study (71<8 tk 7116). Ki tlas eu`fmr, 922,222wmrm sa`pcm gssgucts, 622,222 wmrm ghhrgvgtmd gssgucts, emgrcy <2,222wmrm rkffmrams, ged `krm tlge 7:,222 wmrm rgpms.

6.41. Tlm geswmr tk tlas qumstake as mxpmjtmd tk fm g `kvaeh tgrhmt.Ztudmets slkucd smmn tlm cgtmst dmvmckp`mets ke tlm Aetmremt. Gsa`pcm, fut miimjtavm wkrd smgrjl jge fm `gdm ke tlm tmr` ”tkfgjjk

smttcm`met’.

6.=2. Tlm geswmr tk tlas qumstake as gektlmr `kvaeh tgrhmt. G hkkd skurjm astlm ]eavmrsaty ki Jgcaikreag, Zge Irgejasjk. Zk`m aetmremt satms grmgs ikcckws?

GADZ & LAY wmf satms - Mdujgtake ged RrmvmetakeGe aedmx ki caens tk sk`m ki tlm tkp LAY satms.lttp?//www.`j.vgedmrfact.mdu/rmskurjms/aetmrmsts/gads/mdu.lt`c

Mxtmesavm aeikr`gtake ged rmskurjms ke LAY ged GADZ.lttp?//www.aeikwmf.krh/

Aeikr`gtake ke emws, prmvmetake, trmgt`mets, skjagc assums, `mdajgctkpajs, ged ktlmrs.lttp?//lavaesatm.ujsi.mdu/

@gssavm jkccmjtake ki GADZ rmskurjm pkaetmrs.lttp?//www.s`grtcaen.emt/~`grtaeol/

711< Xkrcd GADZ Dgy"Ki tlm :2 àccake pmkpcm gcavm tkdgy watl LAY aeimjtake kr GADZ, gtcmgst g tlard grm ykueh pmkpcm ghmd 72-64." Vmskurjms, caens geddkju`mets, sk`m ae RDI ikr`gt.lttp?//hfh`-u`j.krh/prkhrg`s/wgd1</



JLGRTMV : ZKC]TAKEZ TK MED-KI-JLGRTMV M\MVJAZMZ

:.7. A`àemet dgehmr, smrakus vakcgtakes, ekesmrakus vakcgtakes, dm àeaùsvakcgtakes

:.6. Dm àeaùs

:.:. Gutlkr's kpaeake? Jgsm (g) -- Jgt. 7 -- Dm @aeaùsJgsm (f) -- Jgt. : -- EkesmrakusJgsm (j) -- Jgt. < -- Zmrakus

:.4. Tlas as g hkkd mxg`pcm ki g lgzgrd tlgt wkucd fm fmttmr jketrkccmd fy

trgaeaeh tlge fy g lgrd ged igst rucm. @gey pmkpcm rmhucgrcy frmgntlas rucm fmjgusm tlmy lgvm dkem sk watlkut aeoury ged fmjgusm tlmrmgske as ekt wmcc uedmrstkkd fy tlm hmemrgc pufcaj. Tlm prgjtajm jgedgehmrkuscy dg`ghm tlm jkeemjtakes fmtwmme tlm jkrd ged pcuh. Gdasjketaeuaty ae matlmr tlm emutrgc kr tlm hrkuedaeh jkedujtkr jgejgusm mcmjtrkjutake watlkut wgreaeh fy g jkrd ged pcuh wlajl gppmgrkutwgrdcy tk fm sgim.

:.=. Tlas qumstake as aetmedmd tk hmemrgtm g jcgss dasjussake tk rmaeikrjmjkejmpts ki lgzgrd gvkadgejm. Tlm dasjussake slkucd fraeh tk cahltwmgnemssms ae g strgtmhy ki usaeh purmcy ge meikrjm`met gpprkgjl gckem.

:.9. Meikrjm`met, psyjlkckhajgc, mehaemmraeh, gegcytajgc

:.8. Tlas qumstake `gy fm usmd ikr jcgss dasjussake.

:.<. ]esgim gjts <<% Vgtak 0 <<?72

]esgim jkedatakes 72%]esgim jgusms 6%

722%

:.1. (7) Mehaemmraeh jketrkcs(6) Gdàeastrgtavm kr wkrn prgjtajm jketrkcs(:) Rmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met

:.72. jrgem lkasts =?7 sjgiikcds 4?7 sjgiikcd rkpms 9?7

:.77. (7) Hmemrgc igac-sgim praejapcm--rmcmgsm ki dracc trahhmr(6) Igac-sgim praejapcm ki rmduedgejy-- usm ki fktl hugrds ged wkrnmr

trgaeaeh(:) Rraejapcm ki wkrst jgsm--dmimesavm dravaeh jkursm

:.76. @urply's Cgw as ge kfsmrvgtake ki prkfgfacaty kvmr g pmrakd ki ta`m.Vasns ki gjjadmets grm typajgccy ckw fut kvmr g ckeh pmrakd ki ta`m

fmjk`m saheaiajget.

:.7:. I@MG (Igacurm @kdms ged Miimjts Gegcysas) as usmd tk trgjm miimjts kiaedavadugc jk`pkemet igacurms ke tlm kvmrgcc kr "jgtgstrkplaj" igacurmki mquap`met.

:.74. Tlas mxmrjasm as ikr prgjtajm ae dmvmckpaeh iguct trmm daghrg`s. Gwadm vgramty ki daghrg`s jge fm mxpmjtmd irk` studmets, dmpmedaeh upketlmar uedmrstgedaeh ki tlm iarm lgzgrds. Tlm mxmrjasm slkucd fmmvgcugtmd upke tlm jratmrag ki ckhajgc jkestrujtake, ekt igjt.

:.7=.

R^8P 0 R^7 ged 9P + R^6 ged =P + R^: ged 4P + R^4 ged :P+R^= ged 6P + R^9 ged 7P

0 (7/9 • 7/9) + (7/9 • 7/9) + (7/9 • 7/9) + (7/9 • 7/9)



+ (7/9 • 7/9) + (7/9 • 7/9) 0 9(7/:9) R^8P 0 7/9

:.79. Tkxajkckhy as tlm study ki pkaskes ged `gy aejcudm sjametaiaj studamsae wlajl gea`gcs grm dmcafmrgtmcy mxpksmd tk tlm havme tkxaj ghmet aekrdmr tk kfsmrvm tlm miimjt. Mpadmàkckhy dmgcs strajtcy watl pmkpcmfy gegcyzaeh tlm jgusms ki mpadmàjs ki accemssms g`keh pkpucgtakes.

:.78. Tlm ikcckwaeh daghrg` gdds g frgejl tk tlm trmm tlgt jkesadmrs pkssafcmigucts tk tlm dkufcm-aesucgtake systm`. At gcsk rm`kvms tlm frgejlms tlgt dmgc watligucts ae tlm hrkuedaeh systm` tlrkuhl tlm tlard prkeh ki tlm pcuh, fmjgusm tlmwkrnmr wkucd fm prktmjtmd fy tlm aesucgtmd jgsm ki tlm tkkc.

:.7<. Rrkxa`gc jgusms grm pra`gry ged grm darmjt jgusms ki gjjadmets ae tlmjkevmetakegc smesm. Dastgc jgusms grm smjkedgry, `krm aedarmjt jgusms,fut jge fm gs a`pkrtget gs prkxa`gc jgusms fmjgusm tlm dastgc jgusmsjrmgtm ged slgpm tlm prkxa`gc jgusms. @geghm`met pkcajy slkucd fmjkesadmrmd g dastgc jgusm.

:.71. Rmrskegc aeoury as ekt g jmrtgaety, mvme tlkuhl g ckss aejadmet asuegvkadgfcm. Rmrskeemc `gy ekt fm mxpksmd, kr tlm mxpksurm `gy ekt fmaeourakus tk pmrskeemc. Ghhrgvgtaeh igjtkrs `gnm tlm ckss aejadmetkutjk`m `krm smvmrm, ged àtahgtaeh igjtkrs `gnm tlm kutjk`m cmsssmvmrm.

:.62. _mrk. Ai tlm jgusms grm ùtugccy mxjcusavm, tlm kjjurrmejm ki Jgusm Fprmjcudms tlm kjjurrmejm ki matlmr Jgusm G kr Jgusm J.

:.67. (g)

(f) Rrkfgfacaty 0

R^77P 0 R^=PR^9P + R^9PR^=P

0 7/9 • 7/9 + 7/9 • 7/9

0 7/:9 + 7/:9 0 6/:9

(j) Qms> yku jge rkcc g "=" ke tlm iarst dam ged "9" ke tlm smjkedkr yku jge rkcc g "9" ke tlm iarst dam ged "=" ke tlm smjked fut



yku jge't dk fktl gt tlm sg`m ta`m. Kem "jgusm" prmjcudms tlmkjjurrmejm ki tlm ktlmr.

:.66. Irk` g tktgc pcget sgimty pmrspmjtavm mgjl ki tlm ikur jgusms aspkssafcm ged dkms ekt prmjcudm tlm pkssafacaty ki kjjurrmejm ki gey kitlm ktlmr tlrmm. Tlmrmikrm tlmy grm ekt ùtugccy mxjcusavm.Irk` g saehcm gjjadmet pmrspmjtavm, tlm ikur jgusms grm gcsk ektùtugccy mxjcusavm, fmjgusm smvmrgc ki tlm jgusms kr igjtkrs jkucd fmprmsmet gs jketrafutkrs tk tlm jgusm ki g saehcm gjjadmet, sujl gs gigcc.

:.6:. Jgusms G ged F grm ùtugccy mxjcusavm fmjgusm at as a`pkssafcm ikr ge

gdmqugtmcy sazmd hugrd tk fm pcgjmd fktl tkk lahl ged tkk ckw gt tlmsg`m ta`m.

:.64. Tgehafcm jkst/aejadmet 7=,222Aetgehafcm jkst/aejadmet 6=2,222

Tktgc jkst/aejadmet 69=,222

Mxpmjtmd jkst/ymgr 0 Jkst pmr aejadmet x geeugc aejadmejmirmqumejy

Fmikrm aestgccgtake?Mxpmjtmd jkst/ymgr 0 $69=,222 x .27 0 $69=2

Gitmr aestgccgtake?Mxpmjtmd jkst/ymgr 0 ^$69=,222 x .27P° 0 $7:6=

Geeugc fmemiat 0 $7:6=

:.6=. Jksts FmemiatsG`krtazgtake $7=,222 Jcmgeaeh $7,622@gaetmegejm 922 Vmsp mqp`t sgvaehs 4,222]tacatams 7,<22 Zlkrt Tmr` Accemssms :,922

Tktgc Jksts $78,422 Ckeh Tmr` Accemssms 9,222Tktgc Fmemiats $74,<22

Tlm jkejcusake ki tlm Jkst/Fmemiat gegcysas as tk ekt aestgcc tlmmquap`met.Rra`gry fmemiat ki tlm mquap`met ai aestgccmd wkucd fm tlm sgvaehs ketlm jkst ki ckeh tmr` accemssms wlajl wkucd fm prmvmetmd fy tlmmquap`met.

:.69. Geswmrs vgry dmpmedmet upke gegcysts' oudh`met ged mxpmramejm. Tlmikcckwaeh dgtg grm irk` g survmy ki 6= mxpmramejmd `geghmrs.

ckwmst lahlmst gvmrghm sg`pcm sazm(g) 9 72 8.:9 66(f) 8 72 <.64 6=(j) 6 1 9.4: 6=(d) 7 < 4.=2 64(m) 6 < =.<< 64(i) 7 8 6.62 6=(h) 8 72 <.4: 6:(l) 6 1 4.8< 6:

:.68. Tlm pkaet ki arrmvmrsafacaty as tlm fkuedgry fmyked wlajl jketrkc asckst ged g ckss aejadmet wacc kjjur. Igjtkrs ae tlm rmhake ki splmrmki jketrkc grm?

7. Gjtakes6. Caàtgtakes:. Jkedatakes

:.6<. Xlme tlm mvmets grm ekt ùtugccy mxjcusavm> wlme fktl mvmets jge lgppmetlmrm as g iaeatm prkfgfacaty tlgt fktl wacc lgppme. Tlmrmikrm, tlmprkfgfacaty tlgt fktl wacc kjjur as eke-zmrk ged ùst fm suftrgjtmdirk` tlm su` ki tlm prkfgfacatams tlgt mgjl mvmet wacc kjjur.

:.61. R^JP 0 R^GP + R^FP - R^GPR^FP

:.:2. R^JP 0 R^GP + R^FP - R^GPR^FP 0 2.: + 2.6 -(2.:)(2.6)0 2.= - 2.290 2.44

:.:7. Tlmrm grm `gey mxg`pcms. G imw grm gs ikcckws?



HMEMVGC IGACZGIM RVAEJARCM?KZLG stgedgrd 7172.678(f)(6) rmhgrdaeh tlm dmsahe ki irajtakefrgnms tlgt grm "smci-mehghaeh," a.m., tlmy rmquarm ikrjm krpkwmr irk` ge mxtmregc skurjm tk dasmehghm, rgtlmr tlge tkmehghm.

GCZK KZLG stgedgrd 7172.678(f)(7:) ".....tlm jketrkc systm` slgcc fmjkestrujtmd sk tlgt g igacurm watlae tlm systm` dkms ekt prmvmettlm ekr`gc stkppaeh gjtake irk` fmaeh gppcamd tk tlm prmss..."

GED KZLG stgedgrd 7172.781(h)(:)(vaaa) "Gutk`gtaj jrgems slgcc fm skdmsahemd tlgt gcc `ktakes slgcc igac-sgim ai gey `gciuejtake kikpmrgtake kjjurs."

GED KZLG stgedgrd 7172.678(f)(74)(a) "Fm sk jkestrujtmd gs tk

gutk`gtajgccy prmvmet tlm gjtavgtake ki g sujjmssavm strknm aitlm stkppaeh ta`m kr frgnaeh dastgejm dmtmrakrgtms tk gpkaet....."

GED KZLG stgedgrd 7172.678(f)(8)(xav) "....Vmgjtavgtake ki tlm jcutjlslgcc rmquarm rmstkrgtake ki ekr`gc suppcy ged usm ki tlmtrappaeh `mjlgeas`(s).

RVAEJARCM KI VMD]EDGEJQ?KZLG stgedgrd 7172.777(d)(1)(a) "G àeaù` ki twk jk`prmsskrsslgcc fm prkvadmd matlmr ki wlajl slgcc fm ki suiiajamet sazm tklgedcm tlm ckgds...."

GCZK KZLG stgedgrd 7172.7:4(d)(6)(aa) "Tlm jk`prmsskr ikr suppcyaehgar slgcc fm mquappmd watl emjmssgry sgimty ged stgedfy dmvajms."

GED KZLG stgedgrd 7172.771, Gpp J, Zmjt. 7:? "At as a`pkrtget tk lgvmg fgjnup jk`ùeajgtake emtwkrn ae jgsm ki pkwmr igacurm kr kemjk`ùeajgtake `mges igacs."

GED KZLG stgedgrd 7172.678, Gpp G, Jmrtaiajgtake/Ygcadgtake

Vmquarm`mets. Zmjtake G.6.g.(6)? "Vmduedgejy, ged jk`pgraskeged/kr daghekstaj jlmjnaeh, mxast ikr tlm jratajgc atm`s..."

RVAEJARCM KI XKVZT JGZM?KZLG stgedgrd 7172.7268(e)(6)(a) "...gjtavaty aevkcvaeh jgdàu`jgeekt rmcmgsm dust kr iu`ms ae jkejmetrgtakes gt kr gfkvm tlmgjtake cmvmc mvme uedmr tlm wkrst-jgsm rmcmgsm jkedatakes."

GCZK KZLG stgedgrd 7172.678(f)(4)(a) Tlm pmdgc `mjlgeas` slgcc fmprktmjtmd tk prmvmet ueaetmedmd kpmrgtake irk` igccaeh kr `kvaehkfomjts kr fy gjjadmetgc stmppaeh ketk tlm pmdgc.

:.:6. Kem jkejmpt wkucd fm sgimty igjtkr. G prkpmr sgimty igjtkr wkucd lgvmgcckwmd ikr slkjn ckgds tlgt wkucd fm getajapgtmd ai g cgrhm eu`fmr kipmkpcm fmhge tk `kvm kr ou`p ke tlm snywgcn ae ueaske. Gektlmrmehaemmraeh jkejmpt as tlm igacsgim Rraejapcm ki Xkrst Jgsm. Gprkpmrcy gppcamd Xkrst Jgsm Rraejapcm àhlt lgvm jkesadmrmd tlmpkssafacaty tlgt cgrhm hrkups àhlt `kvm ae ueaske.

:.::. G ”dmgd`ge jketrkc’ as g swatjlaeh kr jketrkc `mjlgeas` tlgt jgusmsmquap`met tk rmtrmgt tk g sgim kr aegjtavm `kdm ae tlm gfsmejm ki gjkesjakus gjtake ke tlm pgrt ki tlm kpmrgtkr. Tlm typajgc jketrkc as gspraeh-ckgdmd puslfuttke swatjl gs ae g lged-lmcd mcmjtraj dracc.Ktlmr mxg`pcms ki mquap`met, ekt `metakemd ae tlm fkkn, wkucd aejcudmickkr wgxaeh/fuiiaeh `gjlaems, lged-lmcd sgws, `ktkrjyjcm tlrkttcms,ged gutk`kfacm gjjmcmrgtkrs.

:.:4. Tlmrm grm `gey mxg`pcms ki tlm usm ki tlm jkejmpt ki rmduedgejy. Kemmxg`pcm as tlm prkvasake ikr m`mrhmejy fgjnup pkwmr hmemrgtkrs ae tlmdmsahe ki lkspatgcs. Gektlmr mxg`pcm tlgt gppcams tk kjjupgtakegcsgimty ged lmgctl as tlm prkvasake ki aedmpmedmet, fgttmry-pkwmrmdm`mrhmejy cahltaeh tk prkvadm accuàegtake ki `mges ki mhrmss irk`fuacdaehs ae tlm mvmet ki pkwmr igacurm.

:.:=. Tlm Rraejapcm ki Xkrst Jgsm.

:.:9. Tlm wlkcm jkejmpt ki prmvmetavm `gaetmegejm as tk smrvajm ged rmpgar krrmpcgjm pgrts FMIKVM tlmy igac, ekt gitmrwgrds. I@MG jge fm usmd tkmxgàem tlm igacurm `kdms ged prkvadm tlm fgsas ikr prmdajtake ki tlmjkesmqumejms ki igacurm. Zujl gegcysms grm vgcugfcm ae oustaiyaeh tlmrmpcgjm`met ki jk`pkemets kr systm`s fmikrm tlmy igac. Zujl gegcysasged rmpcgjm`met jge fm ki jratajgc a`pkrtgejm wlme igacurm ki tlmsystm` jge rmsuct ae aeoury tk pmrskeemc.

:.:8. Xlmtlmr g sufstgejm as ”pkaske’ kr ekt dmpmeds upke tlm dmhrmm kimxpksurm kr jkejmetrgtake ki mxpksurm. Tlm iamcd ki tkxajkckhy studamstlm miimjts ki pkaskes ae vgrakus jkejmetrgtakes upke tlm fkdy. Gemxg`pcm ki g smmàehcy lgr`cmss pkaske as gjmtaj gjad, tlm praejapgcaehrmdamet ki krdaegry vaemhgr. Aehmstmd ae s`gcc jkejmetrgtakes,gjmtaj gjad as g pkpucgr ikkd gddatavm. Lkwmvmr, gs tlm jkejmetrgtake



aejrmgsms, gjmtaj gjad fmjk`ms pkaske tk lu`ges. Arvaeh Zgx‑sDgehmrkus Rrkpmrtams ki Aedustragc @gtmragcs stgtms tlgt gjmtaj gjad asg `kdmrgtm pkaske fy aelgcgtake, krgc, ged dmr`gc rkutms. At asdmsjrafmd gs ”jgustaj, arr(atget), jge jgusm fures, cgjlry`gtake, gedjkeouejtavatas. At gttgjns tlm snae mgsacy ged jge jgusm dmr`gtatasged ucjmrs. Aelgcgtake jgusms arr(atgtake) ki ù(jkus) `m`(frgems).’

:.:<. Rlgr`gjknaemtajs as tlm study ki gfskrptake, daspksatake, `mtgfkcas`,ged mcaàegtake ki jlmàjgcs ae tlm fkdy. At‑s gppcajgtake tkkjjupgtakegc sgimty ged lmgctl as ae tlm study ki tlm miimjts kiaedustragc jlmàjgcs upke tlm fkdy, wlmtlmr tlmsm jlmàjgcs grmaelgcmd, aehmstmd, kr jketgjtmd fy tlm snae.

:.:1. Mpadmàkckhy as usmiuc tk kjjupgtakegc sgimty ged lmgctl ae gssastaehae uedmrstgedaeh tlm caen fmtwmme kfsmrvmd kjjupgtakegc dasmgsms gedtlmar jgusms.

:.42. Tkxajkckhy ged mpadmàkckhy studams grm typajgccy pmrikr`md fyrmsmgrjlmrs wlksm studams `gy fm usmd gs tlm fgsas ikr tlm prkùchgtakeki emw stgedgrds. Zgimty ged Lmgctl @geghmrs usugccy dk ekt pmrikr`sujl studams tlm`smcvms. Tlmy `gy lkwmvmr usm tlm rmsucts ki sujlstudams tk sufstgetagtm tlm psyjlkckhajgc gpprkgjl kr tk oustaiy gemehaemmraeh gpprkgjl tk skcvm g pgrtajucgr prkfcm`.

:.47. Tlas qumstake as aetmedmd tk hmemrgtm dasjussake kr pmrlgps mvmedmfgtm. Jmrtgaecy `krm `kemy lgs fmme spmet ke dmgcaeh watl gsfmstkslgzgrds ($62 faccake/ymgr) gs jk`pgrmd watl mxpmedaturms ae dmgcaehwatl rgdke ($2.7 faccake/ymgr). Msta`gtms ki gsfmstks rmcgtmd igtgcatyrgtms rgehm irk` 2 tk < dmgtls pmr ymgr, ged ikr rgdke, pmrlgps gs `gey

gs 62,222 jgejmr dmgtls pmr ymgr, gjjkrdaeh tk Omrm`y @gae (rmi @gae).Ki jkursm, sk`m uejmrtgaecy mxasts ae msta`gtaeh tlm jgusms ki dmgtlswlajl lgvm kjjurrmd.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

:.46. Tlas mxmrjasm as aetmedmd tk fraeh jgsm lastkrams tk cahlt irk` mgjlrmgdmr‑s pmrskegc mxpmramejm. @kst pmkpcm lgvm pmrskegc nekwcmdhm kigt cmgst kem igtgc gjjadmet tlgt jkucd lgvm fmme prmvmetmd fy fmttmrmehaemmraeh dmsahe.

:.4:. Tlas mxmrjasm as aetmedmd tk staùcgtm aevmstahgtake ged sufsmqumetjcgss dasjussake.

:.44. Ge Aetmremt smgrjl watl nmywkrds slkucd prkvadm smvmrgc rmimrmejms tktlas lastkraj dasgstmr. Nmywkrd laets? Ngesgs Jaty | snywgcn |dasgstmr | 71<7 | Lygtt Vmhmejy | ”lu`ge mrrkr’ | fcumpraets |

”strujturgc igacurm’

:.4=. Rrkpmr trgaeaeh (tlm psyjlkckhajgc gpprkgjl) as ge miimjtavm wgy tkprmvmet gjjadmets ki tlas typm. Tlm tlrmm ykueh wkrnmrs wlk damd aetlas gjjadmet prkfgfcy lgd cattcm trgaeaeh ae tlm lgzgrds ki kvmrlmgdpkwmr caems. Tlm study ki tlas gjjadmet ged ktlmrs canm at (tlmgegcytajgc gpprkgjl) as g usmiuc wgy ki prmvmetaeh iuturm gjjadmets kitlm sg`m naed. KZLG stgedgrds (tlm meikrjm`met gpprkgjl) prklafat tlmjcksm gpprkgjl tk kvmrlmgd pkwmr caems. Lkwmvmr, at as uejcmgr wlmtlmrtlm KZLG stgedgrd wkucd gppcy tk tlm spmjagc mquap`met usmd ae tlasjgsm. Zmvmrm pktmetagc pmegctams tk supmrvasake ikr wkrnmr igtgcatamsslkucd lgvm prk`ptmd `mgsurms tk prmvmet tlm gjjadmet. Tlm mehaemmraehgpprkgjl àhlt fm tk dmsahe g fmttmr "rmjcksmr" ikr tlm pkwmrtrgesàssake jarjuat.

:.49. ]saeh tlm nmywkrd smgrjl jgpgfacaty ae tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm, g qumry wgs

jkestrujtmd ke tlm ikcckwaeh jlgrgjtmr straeh? *trgae* (Tlas fgsmstraeh wgs usmd ae tlm qumry, aestmgd ki "trgaeaeh", "trgaemd","trgaes", mtj. sk gs ekt tk caàt tlm smgrjl tk jmrtgae stm`s ki tlmwkrd.) ]saeh *trgae* tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtakes wgs rmpkrtmd gs6<261. Dkaeh g "emw smgrjl" ikr tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki smrakus jatgtakes,usaeh tlm sg`m jlgrgjtmr straeh *trgae* tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki smrakusjatgtakes wgs rmpkrtmd gs 7:6=2. ]saeh tlmsm twk rmsucts tlm pmrjmetghmki smrakus jatgtakes as jgcjucgtmd gs 7:6=2/6<261 0 .48 kr 48%.

:.48. Zmgrjlaeh tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm usaeh tlm nmywkrd *mehaemmraeh* tlmikcckwaeh rmsuct wgs rmpkrtmd ikr "tktgc eu`fmr ki vakcgtakes"? 7774.Tlme smgrjlaeh ghgae, tlas ta`m ikr "tktgc eu`fmr ki smrakusvakcgtakes" tlm rmsuct wgs? 178. Qmt gektlmr smgrjl ke tlm sg`m nmywkrdrmvmgcmd tlm ikcckwaeh rmsuct ikr "Dkccgr g`kuet ikr prkpksmdpmegctams"? $7,2=1,228. Zmvmrgc ktlmr aetmrmstaeh jgtmhkrams jkucd gcsk



fm smgrjlmd ikr tlm nmywkrd "mehaemmraeh."

:.4<. Mgjl studmet wacc jk`pksm ge krahaegc cast ki iavm rmcmvget wkrds tk fmsmgrjlmd ke tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm, sk geswmrs wacc vgry. Ikcckwaeh grm sk`mtypajgc, rmcmvget wkrds tlgt jkucd fm smgrjlmd? igac-sgim, sgimtyigjtkr, `kdm, fgjnup, fgjn-up, stgedfy, rmduedget,dmsahe, ged mehaemmr. Ektm tlgt tlm spmccaeh ki "fgjnup" kr"fgjn-up" rmsucts ae daiimrmet iaedaehs ae tlm dgtgfgsm, dmpmedaeh upkelkw tlm tmr` wgs spmccmd ae tlm vgrakus prkvasakes ki tlm KZLGstgedgrds.




4.7. EAKZL (Egtakegc Aestatutm ikr Kjjupgtakegc Zgimty ged Lmgctl) wgsjrmgtmd fy tlm KZLG cgw tk jgrry ke rmsmgrjl ged trgaeaeh. EAKZLrmjk``meds emw stgedgrds tk KZLG.

4.6. G vgragejm jge fm iacmd watl KZLG tk rmqumst `krm ta`m tk jk`pcy kr gsge gctmregtavm tk jk`pcagejm, tlm gctmregtavm fmaeh `krm prgjtajgc gedstacc prktmjtaeh m`pckymms.

4.:. Tlm KZLG cgw prkvadms ikr tlm rahlt ikr m`pckymrs tk gppmgc g jatgtaketlrkuhl tlm oudajagry systm`. Tlm gppmgc jge fm tgnme gs igr gs tlm ]Z

Zuprm`m Jkurt.

4.4. Tlm rahlt tk "ekt" fm (7) tmràegtmd, (6) dm`ktmd, (:) gssahemd tk geuedmsargfcm okf kr slait, (4) dmeamd prk`ktake, (=) tlrmgtmemd krlgrgssmd, kr (9) fcgjncastmd gs g rmsuct ki tlm m`pckymm's mxmrjasaehlas/lmr rahlts uedmr KZLG.

4.=. Zmjtake =(g)(7) ki Rufcaj Cgw 17-=19 wlajl as g hmemrgc rmquarm`met ikrm`pckymrs tk jketrkc smrakus lgzgrds ged tk jkvmr g smrakus sgimty krlmgctl lgzgrd tk ge m`pckymm wlme ek spmjaiaj rucm smm`s tk gppcy.

4.9. G stgedgrd wlajl wgs gdkptmd fy KZLG duraeh KZLG's iarst twk ymgrs kimxastmejm. Tlmsm stgedgrds fypgssmd tlm prkjmdurgc sgimhugrds tk gcckw"mxastaeh stgedgrds" gcrmgdy ae usm tk fm gdkptmd. Ekem lgvm fmmegdkptmd saejm tlm Eaxke gdàeastrgtake fmjgusm tlm gutlkraty tk gdkpt"egtakegc jkesmesus stgedgrds" mxparmd ae 718:.

4.8. Rmrikr`gejm stgedgrds?(7) grm sk`mwlgt vghum,(6) pmràt oudh`met tk dmtmràem tlm fmst `mtlkd tk jkrrmjt gsatugtake

Zpmjaiajgtake stgedgrds?(7) prkvadm g jcmgr `mges ki dmtmràeaeh wlmtlmr g havme igjacatykr mquap`met `mmts g stgedgrd(6) pmràt ek cgtatudm ae jlkksaeh gctmregtm wgys tk mcaàegtm krrmdujm tlm lgzgrd

4.<. Lkrazketgc stgedgrds grm hmemrgcazmd fy lgzgrd skurjms watlkut rmhgrdtk ge aedustry.Ymrtajgc stgedgrds grm spmjaiaj tk ge aedustry.

4.1. Zuprm`m Jkurt dmjasake tlgt ekw rmquarms KZLG tk kftgae g smgrjlwgrrget tk jkedujt ge aespmjtake ai tlm m`pckymr dmeams tlm aespmjtkrpmràssake tk metmr tlm prmàsms.

4.72. Gppmgc--prkjmss ki jlgccmehaeh ge KZLG jatgtake tlrkuhl tlm oudajagrysystm`.Ygragejm--rmqumst fy ge m`pckymr ikr ta`m tk jk`pcy watl stgedgrds, krg prkpksgc fy ge m`pckymr ikr ge gctmregtavm tk jk`pcagejm wlajl as`krm prgjtajgc ged stacc prktmjts m`pckymms.

4.77. Tlm ikcckwaeh as ge mxg`pcm ki `gey daiimrmet pkssafacatams.Zpmjaiajgtake? Iarm mxtaehuaslmrs ae jlmàjgc cgfkrgtkry igjacatamsslgcc prkvadm 4 cfs. ki JK6 pmr 722 jufaj immt ki rkk` spgjm.Mxtaehuaslmrs ùst fm ckjgtmd gdogjmet tk gcc dkkrwgys, ged aedavadugcmxtaehuaslmrs slgcc ekt mxjmmd g tktgc wmahlt ki 62 cfs.

Rmrikr`gejm? Jlmàjgc cgfkrgtkry igjacatams slgcc fm prkvadmd gdmqugtmprktmjtake ghgaest iarms. Iarm mxtaehuaslaeh igjacatams slgcc fmrmgdacy gvgacgfcm ged ki suiiajamet jgpgjaty tk mxtaehuasl iarms wlajl

àhlt grasm irk` gey mxpmra`mets jkedujtmd ae tlm cgfkrgtkry.4.76. Zpmjaiajgtake stgedgrds? (7) prkvadm g jcmgr `mges ki dmtmràeaeh

wlmtlmr g havme igjacaty kr mquap`met`mmts stgedgrds kr ekt.

(6) pmràt ek cgtatudm ae jlkksaeh gctmregtmwgys tk mcaàegtm kr rmdujm tlm lgzgrd.

Rmrikr`gejm stgedgrds? (7) grm sk`mwlgt vghum.(6) pmràt oudh`met tk dmtmràem fmst `mtlkd

tk jkrrmjt g vakcgtake.Tlm m`pckymr usugccy prmimrs tlm cgtatudm prkvadmd fy g pmrikr`gejmstgedgrd fut `gy prmimr g spmjaiajgtake stgedgrd ai tlm m`pckymrfmcamvms tlgt las kr lmr igjacatams grm ae jk`pcagejm ged wgets tk fmsurm ki at. Tlm meikrjm`met ghmejy iaeds tlm spmjaiajgtake stgedgrd`krm rkfust ae jkurt. Lkwmvmr, ai ge gjjadmet lgs gcrmgdy kjjurrmd,tlm aespmjtkr `gy fm gfcm tk `gnm g strkehmr jgsm usaeh g pmrikr`gejm



stgedgrd.

4.7:. (7) A`àemet dgehmr(6) Igtgcatams ged `gokr gjjadmets(:) M`pckymm jk`pcgaets(4) Lahl-lgzgrd aedustrams

4.74. G "rmpmgt vakcgtake" as gektlmr aestgejm ki g vakcgtake tlgt lgd fmmeprmvakuscy jatmd ae tlm igjacaty.G "igacurm-tk-jkrrmjt vakcgtake" as g dasjkvmry tlgt tlm iar` lgsigacmd tk jkrrmjt g vakcgtake watlae tlm gcckttmd gfgtm`met pmrakd.Zujl vakcgtakes jge rmsuct ae pmegctams tlgt grm gssmssmd ikr mvmry dgy

g vakcgtake rm`gaes uejkrrmjtmd.

4.7=. (g) Cmvmc ki dmtgac, vghumemss, rmduedgejy, ged arrmcmvgejm ki tlmstgedgrds

(f) Zk`m stgedgrds smm` tk dk `krm ikr aedustrams `geuigjturaeh sgimtymquap`met tlge tlmy lgvm dkem tk prktmjt tlm wkrnmr.

4.79. GADZ kr lgvaeh tmstmd LAY pksatavm.

4.78. Trgesvmstatas`, trgessmxugcas`, jk`pucsavm hg`fcaeh, ncmptk`geag, gedpyrk`geag.

4.7<. Ek> tlm cgw spmjaiajgccy mxjcudms ncmptk`geag irk` tlm dmiaeatake ki"a`pgar`met" ged tlus mxjcudms ncmptk`geag irk` jkvmrghm uedmr GDG.

4.71. Jkesadmr tlas ckhaj? Ai g satugtake trucy rmprmsmets ge ”a`àemetdgehmr,’ at wacc fm g tm`pkrgry satugtake. Ai ge a`àemet dgehmr as

ekt jkrrmjtmd skke, g smrakus gjjadmet wacc rmsuct fmikrm vmry ckeh.Gitmr tlm gjjadmet kjjurs, ge KZLG aespmjtake wacc fm jkedujtmd uedmr gdaiimrmet prakraty. Kecy ai tlm KZLG aespmjtkr lgppmes tk ektajm tlma`àemet dgehmr jkedatake fmikrm ge gjjadmet kjjurs kr fmikrm tlmjkedatake as jkrrmjtmd wacc tlm aespmjtake jgtmhkry fm jcgssaiamd gs”a`àemet dgehmr.’ Tlmrmikrm, a`àemet dgehmr aespmjtakes grm vmryrgrm (ekt surprasaehcy).

4.62. G rmjmet msta`gtm (rmi. @unlmrhmm) puts KZLG‑s jkst tk fusaemss gt $:22faccake pmr ymgr.

4.67. Tlm iarst gppmgrgejm ki tlm prmdmjmsskr ghmejy wgs 7174 wlme tlm ghmejywgs pgrt ki tlm Dmpgrt`met ki Aedustragc Lyhamem ged Zgeatgtake aeRmeesycvgeag. Tlm ghmejy wmet tlrkuhl smvmrgc rmkrhgeazgtakes fmikrmsgimty wgs gddmd tk ats àssake watl pgssghm ki tlm KZLG cgw ae 7182.

4.66. Xlme g packt jrmw as emjmssgry tk jkrrmjt tlm jkedatake ged tk prkvadm

ikr g sgim ged krdmrcy slutdkwe. Gcsk, KZLG pmràts g packt jrmw tkrm`gae tk `gaetgae tlm jgpgjaty ki tlm prkjmss tk rmsu`m ekr`gckpmrgtakes.

4.6:. Vmpkrtaeh dmgdcaem? watlae < lkurs. KZLG pkcajy dajtgtms tlgtigtgcatams ged `gokr gjjadmets fm aevmstahgtmd watlae 64 lkurs kiektaiajgtake.

4.64. Jkestrujtake

4.6=. Ikr KZLG tk fm gppcajgfcm tk stgtm ghmejams ged pkcatajgc sufdavasakeski tlm stgtm wkucd put tlm imdmrgc hkvmre`met ae tlm pksatake kiaespmjtaeh, assuaeh jatgtakes, ged gssmssaeh pmegctams irk` stgtm gedckjgc hkvmre`mets. Ztgtm ”skvmrmahety’ as kitme aetmrprmtmd gsprktmjtaeh tlm stgtm irk` sujl jketrkcs fy tlm imdmrgc hkvmre`met.Gctlkuhl at as ekt `metakemd ae tlm tmxt, study ki tlm ].Z.Jkestatutake wacc prkvadm mvadmejm ki prktmjtake ki tlm skvmrmahety kitlm stgtms. Tk rmjmavm KZLG gpprkvgc g stgtm pcge ikr stgedgrds gedmeikrjm`met ùst aejcudm jkvmrghm ki stgtm ghmejams ged pkcatajgcsufdavasakes ki tlm stgtm. Mvme ae stgtms tlgt dk ekt lgvm KZLG-gpprkvmd stgtm pcges, ae sk`m stgtms Xkrnmrs Jk`pmesgtake gutlkratamsgrm a`pksaeh ”mxtrg-lgzgrdkus m`pckymr’ jcgssaiajgtakes upke jmrtgaeaedustrams ged sufomjtaeh tlm` tk aespmjtakes ged rmquarmdjkesuctgtakes.

4.69. Xlme g stgtm pcge ikr stgedgrds ged meikrjm`met lgs fmme gpprkvmd fyKZLG ikr tlm stgtm tk meikrjm ats kwe kjjupgtakegc sgimty ged lmgctlstgedgrds. Gcsk, sk`m stgtms grm a`pksaeh stgedgrds meikrjm`mettlrkuhl a`pcm`metgtake ki ”mxtrg-lgzgrdkus m`pckymr’ prkhrg`sgdàeastmrmd fy tlm stgtm Xkrnmrs Jk`pmesgtake systm`.

4.68. Tlm Lg`cmt, Ekrtl Jgrkcaeg, iarm ae tlm A`pmragc Ikkds pkuctry



prkjmssaeh pcget. Tlm igjt tlgt tlm trghmdy kjjurrmd ae Ekrtl Jgrkcaegwgs saheaiajget, fmjgusm Ekrtl Jgrkcaeg wgs tlm iarst stgtm tk rmjmavmimdmrgc KZLG gpprkvgc ikr stgtm stgedgrds dmvmckp`met ged meikrjm`met.Tlm trghmdy ikjusmd gttmetake ke stgtm pcge miimjtavmemss ae hmemrgc.

4.6<. Tlm tmxt dkms ekt mxpcgae tlas daiiajucty ae dmtgac. Tlm ikcckwaehmxpcgegtake as kiimrmd? kejm g stgedgrd lgs fmme ae miimjt ged iar`slgvm fmme iaemd ikr igacurm tk jk`pcy, at as daiiajuct ikr tlm imdmrgchkvmre`met tk oustaiy tk tlm pufcaj g rmvmrsgc ged jkejcudm tlgt tlmstgedgrd wgs ekt rmgccy emmdmd ae tlm iarst pcgjm. Tlmrm wacc gcwgysfm twk sadms tk tlm assum ki rmvkjgtake (kr prkùchgtake) ikr g havmestgedgrd. Ae cahlt ki sujl jketrkvmrsams at fmjk`ms daiiajuct tk

oustaiy g rmvkjgtake ki ge mxastaeh stgedgrd.

4.61. 4:,222,222, gjjkrdaeh tk hkvmre`met iaedaehs tk oustaiy tlm cgw atsmciae 7112.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

4.:2. Jurrmet catmrgturm slkucd prkvadm updgtmd msta`gtms ki tlm eu`fmr kia`pgarmd G`mrajges. Tlm 7112 msta`gtm ki 4:,222,222 slkucd put g ckwmrfkued ke tlm msta`gtm, gs tlm eu`fmr wgs mxpmjtmd tk aejrmgsm kvmrta`m. Tlm Aetmremt slkucd fm g rmskurjm ikr fgjnhrkued dgtg ke tlasqumstake.

4.:7. KZLG‑s lk`mpghm ke tlm Aetmremt as g hkkd skurjm ikr rmsmgrjlaehjurrmet stgtastajs ke meikrjm`met ke g stgedgrd-fy-stgedgrd fgsas.Gcsk, tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm jketgaemd ae tlm JD tlgt gjjk`pgeams tlm fkknjge fm smgrjlmd ikr aeikr`gtake rmcmvget tk tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm.

Tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm slkucd fm smgrjlmd fy stgedgrd eu`fmr gs ikcckws?Zmjtake=G227 (ek fcgens).

4.:6. Ikr tlm m`pckyMM vmrsake ki tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm, dk ekt mxpmjt tkiaed gey KZLG jatgtakes. Tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm jge fm usmd tk smgrjl ikrZmjtake =(F) fy metmraeh tlm ikcckwaeh stgedgrd eu`fmr? =F (ekfcgens). Tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm wacc rmture g `mssghm tlgt ek vakcgtakes wmrmikued rmcmvget tk tlas qumry.

4.::. G nmywkrd smgrjl ke tlm Aetmremt slkucd rmvmgc g wmgctl ki rmskurjms.Nmywkrd laets? jkesuctgets | dasgfacatams | GDG

4.:4. Tlas dgtg wgs kejm gvgacgfcm ke tlm Aetmremt fut tlm wmfsatm `gy lgvmfmme tgnme kiicaem kr tlm dgtg rm`kvmd irk` at. Rkssafcm pcgjms tkckkn? KZLG wmfsatm kr tlm Furmgu ki Cgfkr Ztgtastajs

4.:=. ”jdj’ stgeds ikr tlm Jmetmrs ikr Dasmgsm Jketrkc.

4.:9. Zk`m cgrhm iaems lgvm fmme gssmssmd. Jlmjn tlm Aetmremt ikr tlm cgtmststgtastajs. Zk`m sg`pcm tmxt irk` tlm Aetmremt?

”ZGE GETKEAK (Gpr 6:, 7119 - 71?76 MZT) -- Dmgi fgsnmtfgcc iges iacmd gjcgss-gjtake cgwsuat ghgaest tlm EFG ged tlm Zge Getkeak Zpurs keTumsdgy, smmnaeh vadmk jgptakeaeh ke tmcmvasake `keatkrs ae gcc tlmcmghum's grmegs.’

VMI?lttp?//www.egedk.emt/emwsrkk`/gp/fnf/7119/efg/sge/imgt/grjlavm/246:19/sge7277=.lt`c

”Zmttcm`met Ghrmm`met Fmtwmme tlm ].Z. ged tlm Fkgrd ki Mdujgtake kitlm Jaty ki Jlajghk. Zmttcm`met ghrmm`met jkejmreaeh Tatcm A jgsmrmimrrmd fy MMKJ tk tlm DKO ikr rmiusgc tk rmckjgtm jcgssrkk` gs gegjjk``kdgtake ikr g tmgjlmr ged ikrjaeh la` tk tgnm sajn cmgvm geducta`gtm rmtarm`met> $62,=11 gwgrdmd gs jk`pmesgtkry dg`ghms> Ekvm`fmr

:2,711= (Zmttcm`met Ghrmm`met).’ VMI? lttp?//www.pgjdftgj.krh/prmss.lt`c

”……..]eatmd Grtasts wacc gcsk pgy `kemtgry dg`ghms tk tlm pcgaetaiiswlk iacmd tlm pravgtm suat ged wacc smt up g $461,222 iued ikr`kvamhkmrs watl dasgfacatams wlk jge slkw tlmy mejkuetmrmd plysajgcfgrramrs gt Jgcaikreag tlmgtmrs fuact gitmr Oucy 71<6.’

VMI? lttp?//www.pgjdftgp.krh/pr77.txt

4.:8. Tmxgs ged Grngesgs grm mxg`pcm stgtms, gs ki tlas wrataeh. TlmAetmremt as g skurjm ki jurrmet aeikr`gtake.

4.:<. Tlm `gxaù` pmegcty as $=222 ikr mgjl dgy ki ekejk`pcagejm. (rmi Tatcm6<. Aesurgejm, Rgrt AA. Tmxgs Xkrnmrs‑ Jk`pmesgtake Jk`àssake, Jlgptmr79=. Vmomjtmd Vasn? Aeoury Rrmvmetake Zmrvajms, pgrghrgpl 79=.1 Vmpkrtki Ikcckw-up Aespmjtake) ikued ke tlm Aetmremt.

http://www.nando.net/newsroom/ap/bkb/1996/nba/san/feat/archive/042396/san10115.html


http://www.pacdbtac.org/press.html

http://www.pacdbtap.org/pr11.txt

http://www.pacdbtap.org/pr11.txt

http://www.pacdbtac.org/press.html




4.:1. Qms. Ge mxg`pcm as Cgedas Rcgstajs, Aej. ki Zkcvgy, EQ. KZLG‑sZyrgjusm EQ kiiajm jatmd Cgedas ikr mgjl ki 9: gccmhmd mhrmhakuswacciuc vakcgtakes ki rmjkrdnmmpaeh rmquarm`mets ($9:2,222 tktgc). (rmiKZLG Emws Vmcmgsm ]ZDC?18-74)

4.42. Tlm KZLG prkpksmd pmegcty ikr Zg`sueh Hug` tktgcmd $<,692,222. Tlmiaegc smttcm`met g`kuet Zg`sueh Hug` ghrmmd tk pgy wgs $7,<=2,222. (rmiKZLG Emws Vmcmgsm ]ZDC?19-=6=)

ZTGEDGVDZ VMZMGVJL W]MZTAKEZ

4.47. Tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm jge fm smgrjlmd fy stgedgrd eu`fmr metmraeh * ae tlm

qumry ikr tlm stgedgrd eu`fmr. Tlas wacc rmtramvm gcc rmjkrds ikr geystgedgrd eu`fmr ae tlm dgtgfgsm. Tlm smgrjl jge fm `gdm ikr "tktgcvakcgtakes", "rmpmgt vakcgtakes", ged "wacciuc vakcgtakes", watl tlmikcckwaeh rmsucts?

Tktgc? 76<,=<6 vakcgtakes

Vmpmgt? 7,:11 vakcgtakes

Xacciuc? 6<< vakcgtakes

Rmrjmetghms jge fm jgcjucgtmd fy davadaeh tlm eu`fmr ae mgjl jgtmhkryfy tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki vakcgtakes.

% Vmpmgt 0 7:11/76<=<6 0 .27 kr 7%

% Xacciuc 0 6<</76<=<6 0 .2266 kr .66% (~ kem-iaitl ki kem pmrjmet)

Ektm tlgt tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm wacc ekt rmture tktgc iahurms ai * as usmdae g "nmywkrd smgrjl" fmjgusm tkk `gey metrams wacc fm rmturemd. TlmDgtgfgsm wacc gsn yku tk egrrkw ykur smgrjl.

4.46. Metmraeh Zmjtake=G227 (ek fcgens) aetk tlm smgrjl fy stgedgrdseu`fmr imgturm ki tlm dgtgfgsm, tlm ikcckwaeh wacc fm rmturemd ikrtktgc vakcgtakes? 764:. Zmgrjlaeh ghgae usaeh tlm "tktgc dkccgr vgcumki prkpksmd pmegctams" imgturm, tlm ikcckwaeh wacc fm rmturemd?$:,419,124. Davadaeh tlm tktgc dkccgr vgcum fy tlm tktgc eu`fmr kiHmemrgc Duty Jcgusm vakcgtakes yamcds?

Gvmrghm pmegcty cmvmc 0 $:419124/764: 0 gpprkx $6<7:.

4.4:. Geswmrs wacc vgry, dmpmedaeh upke wlajl stgedgrds tlm studmet pajns ikrlas/lmr sg`pcm tk study. Tlm gutlkr pajnmd pkpucgr stgedgrds 7172.676,

7172.:9 ged 7172.7=7, watl tlm ikcckwaeh rmsucts rmturemd irk` tlm EJ@Dgtgfgsm?

*676* Tktgc vakcgtakes? =7=4 Irk` m`pckymm jk`pcgaets? 8

*:9* Tktgc vakcgtakes? 72:8 Irk` m`pckymm jk`pcgaets? 8

*7=7* Tktgc vakcgtakes? 7<<6 Irk` m`pckymm jk`pcgaets? 6

Tktgc ikr tlas sg`pcm? <28: Tktgc ikr tlas sg`pcm? 79

Rmrjmetghm 0 79/<28: 0 .226 0 .6% (kr kem-iaitl ki kem pmrjmet)



JLGRTMV = ZKC]TAKEZ TK MED-KI-JLGRTMV M\MVJAZMZ

=.7. Zlait irk` tktgc m`pckymr rmspkesafacaty ikr lgzgrds tk rmspkesafacatyikr pgssaeh aeikr`gtake tk m`pckymms wlk ae ture mvgcugtm rasns gedtgnm gjtake gjjkrdaehcy.

=.6. Ztrmehtlmeaeh> nekwcmdhm ki tlm lgzgrd as g pktmet wmgpke ae tlm lgedski m`pckymms.

=.:. Rapms

=.4. Grtajcms? `geuigjturmd atm`s

@gtmragc? ekt `geuigjturmd atm`s

=.=. Fy watllkcdaeh jlmàjgc admetatams ki jkestatumets ged oustaiyaeh tlmarpksatakes gjjkrdaeh tk spmjaiaj jratmrag jketgaemd ae tlm stgedgrd.

=.9. Qms, tlm lgzgrdkus aehrmdamets ùst fm castmd fy jlmàjgc ged jk``keeg`m.

=.8. Qms

=.<. :2 ymgrs> fmjgusm ki mxtrm`mcy ckeh cgtmejy pmrakds

=.1. Durgtake ki m`pcky`met pcus :2 ymgrs

=.72. Jlmjn spmjaiaj stgedgrds jkejmreaeh lgzgrdkus sufstgejms usmd tkdmtmràem wlmtlmr rmjkrds grm rmquarmd tk fm trgesimrrmd tk EAKZL.

=.77. Zupmriued G`med`mets ged Vmgutlkrazgtake Gjt ki 71<9rmjkheazmd dugc rkcms ki KZLG ged MRG rmhgrdaeh lgzgrdkus wgstmged m`mrhmejy rmspkesm

Jk`prmlmesavm Mevarke`metgc Vmspkesm, Jk`pmesgtake, ged Cagfacaty Gjtki 71<2

KZLG stgedgrd 61 JIV 7172.762 jkvmrs lgzgrdkus sufstgejm rmspkesmkpmrgtakes

Vmskurjm Jkesmrvgtake ged Vmjkvmry Gjt ki 7189KZLG stgedgrd 61 JIV 7172.762 jkvmrs `gokr jkrrmjtavm gjtakes tkfm tgnme ae jcmge-up kpmrgtakes

=.76. Rcuh, pgtjl, kr ktlmrwasm tm`pkrgracy jketrkc kr stkp cmgns irk`jketgaemrs tlgt lkcd lgzgrdkus sufstgejms kr lmgctl lgzgrds.

=.7:. M`pckymms mxpksmd tk lmgctl lgzgrds gt kr gfkvm tlm mstgfcaslmd RMCsikr :2 dgys kr `krm g ymgr, m`pckymms wlk wmgr g rmspargtkr :2 dgys kr`krm g ymgr, ged `m`fmrs ki LG_@GT tmg`s. Mxgàegtakes grm rmquarmd

mvmry 76 `ketls kr mvme `krm irmqumetcy ai gdvasmd fy tlm mxgàeaehplysajage.

=.74. Ztgtm Jk`àssake ged Ckjgc M`mrhmejy Vmspkesm Jk`àttmm

=.7=. Tlm frgejl ki grtaiajagc aetmccahmejm tlgt mejk`pgssms jk`putmr systm`stlgt havm gdvajm fgsmd upke g nekwcmdhm fgsm ki ckhaj rucms prkvadmd fyg lu`ge mxpmrt.

=.79. @ajrkra`, Aej. V?FGZM® ged Jckut® (ikr egturgc cgehughm gjjmss)

=.78. Lgzgrdkus Xgstm Kpmrgtakes ged M`mrhmejy Vmspkesm

=.7<. $<=2 faccake

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

=.71. Gs ki tlas wrataeh, Aeiksmmn ikued 99: pghms jketgaeaeh tlm wkrdLG_XKRMV.

=.62. Irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm?KZLG stgedgrd 7172.762(m)(:) Aeatagc trgaeaeh. (a) Hmemrgc satm wkrnmrs (sujl gs mquap`metkpmrgtkrs, hmemrgc cgfkrmrs ged supmrvaskry pmrskeemc) mehghmd aelgzgrdkus sufstgejm rm`kvgc kr ktlmr gjtavatams wlajl mxpksm krpktmetagccy mxpksm wkrnmrs tk lgzgrdkus sufstgejms ged lmgctl lgzgrdsslgcc rmjmavm g àeaù` ki 42 lkurs ki aestrujtake kii tlm satm, ged gàeaù` ki tlrmm dgys gjtugc iamcd mxpmramejm uedmr tlm darmjtsupmrvasake ki g trgaemd mxpmramejmd supmrvaskr.7172.762(m)(:)(aa) (aa) Xkrnmrs ke satm kecy kjjgsakegccy ikr gspmjaiaj caàtmd tgsn (sujl gs, fut ekt caàtmd tk, hrkued wgtmr



`keatkraeh, cged survmyaeh, kr hmkplysajgc survmyaeh) ged wlk grmuecanmcy tk fm mxpksmd kvmr pmràssafcm mxpksurm caàts ged pufcaslmdmxpksurm caàts slgcc rmjmavm g àeaù` ki 64 lkurs ki aestrujtake kiitlm satm, ged tlm àeaù` ki kem dgy gjtugc iamcd mxpmramejm uedmr tlmdarmjt supmrvasake ki g trgaemd, mxpmramejmd supmrvaskr.7172.762(m)(:)(aaa) (aaa) Xkrnmrs rmhucgrcy ke satm wlk wkrn ae grmgswlajl lgvm fmme `keatkrmd ged iuccy jlgrgjtmrazmd aedajgtaeh tlgt

mxpksurms grm uedmr pmràssafcm mxpksurm caàts ged pufcaslmd mxpksurmcaàts wlmrm rmspargtkrs grm ekt emjmssgry, ged tlm jlgrgjtmrazgtakeaedajgtms tlgt tlmrm grm ek lmgctl lgzgrds kr tlm pkssafacaty ki gem`mrhmejy dmvmckpaeh, slgcc rmjmavm g àeaù` ki 64 lkurs kiaestrujtake kii tlm satm, ged tlm àeaù` ki kem dgy gjtugc iamcd

mxpmramejm uedmr tlm darmjt supmrvasake ki g trgaemd, mxpmramejmdsupmrvaskr.7172.762(m)(:) (aaa) . . .

(4) @geghm`met ged supmrvaskr trgaeaeh. Ke-satm `geghm`met gedsupmrvaskrs darmjtcy rmspkesafcm ikr kr wlk supmrvasm m`pckymms mehghmdae lgzgrdkus wgstm kpmrgtakes slgcc rmjmavm 42 lkurs aeatagc ged tlrmmdgys ki supmrvasmd iamcd mxpmramejm (tlm trgaeaeh `gy fm rmdujmd tk 64lkurs ged kem dgy ai tlm kecy grmg ki tlmar rmspkesafacaty as m`pckymmsjkvmrmd fy pgrghrgpls (m)(:)(aa) ged (m)(:)(aaa) ged gt cmgst mahltgddatakegc lkurs ki spmjagcazmd trgaeaeh gt tlm ta`m ki okf gssahe`metke sujl tkpajs gs, fut ek caàtmd tk, tlm m`pckymr's sgimty ged lmgctlprkhrg`, pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met prkhrg`, spacc jketgae`metprkhrg`, ged lmgctl lgzgrd `keatkraeh prkjmdurm ged tmjleaqums.

7172.762(m)(=) . . .

7172.762(m)(9) . . .

7172.762(m)(8) . . .

7172.762(m)(<)(<) Vmirmslmr trgaeaeh. M`pckymms spmjaiamd ae pgrghrgpl (m)(7) ki tlassmjtake, ged `geghmrs ged supmrvaskrs spmjaiamd ae pgrghrgpl (m)(4) kitlas smjtake, slgcc rmjmavm mahlt lkurs ki rmirmslmr trgaeaeh geeugccyke tlm atm`s spmjaiamd ae pgrghrgpl (m)(6) ged/kr (m)(4) ki tlassmjtake, gey jrataqum ki aejadmets tlgt lgvm kjjurrmd ae tlm pgst ymgrtlgt jge smrvm gs trgaeaeh mxg`pcms ki rmcgtmd wkrn, ged ktlmr rmcmvgettkpajs. 7172.762(m)(1)(1) Mquavgcmet trgaeaeh. M`pckymrs wlk jge slkw fy dkju`metgtake krjmrtaiajgtake tlgt ge m`pckymm's wkrn mxpmramejm ged/kr trgaeaeh lgsrmsuctmd ae trgaeaeh mquavgcmet tk tlgt trgaeaeh rmquarmd ae pgrghrgpls(m)(7) tlrkuhl (m)(4) ki tlas smjtake slgcc ekt fm rmquarmd tk prkvadmtlm aeatagc trgaeaeh rmquarm`mets ki tlksm pgrghrgpls tk sujl m`pckymmsged slgcc prkvadm g jkpy ki tlm jmrtaiajgtake kr dkju`metgtake tk tlmm`pckymm upke rmqumst. Lkwmvmr, jmrtaiamd m`pckymms kr m`pckymms watlmquavgcmet trgaeaeh emw tk g satm slgcc rmjmavm gpprkpragtm, satmspmjaiaj trgaeaeh fmikrm satm metry ged lgvm gpprkpragtm supmrvasmdiamcd mxpmramejm gt tlm emw satm. Mquavgcmet trgaeaeh aejcudms geygjgdmàj trgaeaeh kr tlm trgaeaeh tlgt mxastaeh m`pckymms àhlt lgvmgcrmgdy rmjmavmd irk` gjtugc lgzgrdkus wgstm satm mxpmramejm.

=.67. Gs ki tlas wrataeh, tlm gutlkr ikued 722 lats usaeh AeikZmmn ged tlmnmywkrds ”LG_XKRMV | trgaeaeh’

=.66. Zk`m hkkd Aetmremt satms aejcudm tlm ]eavmrsaty ki ]tgl‑s?

lttp?//www.jlm`.utgl.mdu/@ZDZ/LQDVG_AEM[Z]CIGTM

ged Kcae Jlmàjgc‑s?

lttp?//www.kcaeuctrgpurm.jk`/lk`m.gsp

=.6:. G smgrjl ki tlm KZLG wmfsatm rmvmgcs tlgt tlm stgedgrd ikr LgzgrdJk`ùeajgtake as KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7622. Zmgrjlaeh tlm EJ@Dgtgfgsm fy stgedgrd, watl tlm qumry *7622* rmtures tlm ikcckwaehtktgcs?

Tktgc jatgtakes? 7==:8Eu`fmr ki smrakus jatgtakes? ==66

Jk`putaeh tlm pmrjmetghm? Rmrjmetghm 0 ==66/7==:8 0 .:== 0 :9%

=.64. Iarst, usaeh tlm KZLG wmfsatm, dmtmràem tlgt tlm gpprkpragtm KZLGstgedgrd as 61JIV7172.7622. Tlas jge fm dmtmràemd tlrkuhl g smgrjl kitlm metarm KZLG wmfsatm ikr tlm tmr` @ZDZ. Tlme ae tlm 7172.7622

http://www.chem.utah.edu/MSDS/HYDRAZINE_SULFATE


http://www.olinultrapure.com/home.asp






stgedgrd, usm tlm Mdat ‚ Iaed (ae tlas dkju`met) imgturm tk iaed tlmgpprkpragtm prkvasakes ki 7172.7622 tlgt jketgae tlm dmsarmd tmr`.Iarst try ”@ZDZ’, fut tlas smgrjl tures up kecy g imw rmimrmejms ae tlm”dmiaeatakes’ smjtake ki tlm stgedgrd. G `krm iruatiuc smgrjl rmsuctsirk` smgrjlaeh ke tlm wlkcm tmr` wrattme kut gs ”@gtmragc Zgimty DgtgZlmmt’. Kem jge gjjk`pcasl gs ùjl watl g smgrjl ke ”@gtmragc Zgimty’fmjgusm wlmemvmr ”@gtmragc Zgimty’ gppmgrs ae 7172.7622 gc`kst surmcytlm metarm tmr` ”@gtmragc Zgimty Dgtg Zlmmt’ wacc gppmgr. ]pke usaeh”Mdat ‚ Iaed’ ikr tlm tmr` ”@gtmragc Zgimty’ gpprkxa`gtmcy 42 tk =2lats rmsuct. Ahekraeh tlm ùctapcm lats watlae g saehcm prkvasake kitlm stgedgrd, g tktgc ki :9 prkvasakes wmrm ikued tk jketgae tlm tmr`”@gtmragc Zgimty’. Gitmr wrataeh kut tlas smrams ki prkvasakes, tlm EJ@

Dgtgfgsm jge fm kpmemd tk pmrikr` smgrjlms ikr Tktgc YakcgtakeJatgtakes ikr mgjl ki tlm rmspmjtavm prkvasakes ki 7172.7622. Zujl gsmgrjl ki tlm :9 prkvasakes rmvmgcmd tlm ikcckwaeh irmqumejams kijatgtake, wlajl wmrm `geugccy metmrmd aetk ge Mxjmc sprmgdslmmt?

Ztgedgrdprkvasake Jatgtake irmqumejy

Ztgedgrdprkvasake

Jatgtakeirmqumejy

7622(m)(7) =7:4 (h)(9)(av) 2

(m)(7)(a) <=1 (h)(8)(a) 7

(m)(6)(a) 6< (h)(8)(aa) 2

(i)(6)(aa) 2 (h)(8)(aaa) 2

(h) 2 (h)(8)(av) 2

(h)(7) 74<9 (h)(8)(v) 2

(h)(6) 6 (h)(8)(va) 2

(h)(6)(va) 4 (h)(8)(vaa) 2

(h)(6)(vaaa) 2 (h)(<) 16:

(h)(6)(ax) 7 (h)(1) :

(h)(6)(xa) 2 (h)(72) 4

(h)(6)(xaa) 7 (h)(77) 67

(h)(:) 7 (l)(7) 6767

(h)(4) 2 (l)(6)(aaa) 96

(h)(=) 2 (l)(:)(av) =7

(h)(9)(a) 2 (a)(7) 2

(h)(9)(aa) 2 (a)(7)(aa) 2

(h)(9)(aaa) 2 (a)(7)(aaa) 7

Tktgc jatgtakes 8=79

=.6=. ]saeh tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm smgrjlms wmrm pmrikr`md ke tlm ikcckwaeh tmr`s watl tlmtktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtake vakcgtakes gs slkwe ae tlm ikcckwaeh sprmgdslmmt`geugccy metmrmd irk` tlm EJ@ Dgtgfgsm smgrjl rmsucts?

ZMGVJL TMV@ JATGTAKEZ

"`mdajgc survmaccgejm"7<: jatgtakes (6 pghms kiprkvasakes)

"`mdajgc"

4812 jatgtakes (= pghms ki

prkvasakes)

"mxgàegtake"788= jatgtakes (6 pghms kiprkvasakes)

"`mdajgc mxgàegtake" =< jatgtakes

"plysajgc mxgàegtake" 62 jatgtakes

"`mdajgc rmjkrd" :62 jatgtakes

Tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtakes jge ekt fm gddmd irk` tlm gfkvm tgfcm fmjgusmkfvakuscy tlmrm grm dupcajgtakes ae tlm smgrjl lats. Ikr aestgejm, mvmry smgrjl latae tlm smgrjl ikr ”`mdajgc survmaccgejm’ wacc gcsk fm ikued ae tlm `krm hmemrgcsmgrjl ikr tlm tmr` ”`mdajgc.’




9.7. Flkpgc, Aedag, rmcmgsm ki `mtlyc askjygegtm> 6=22 naccmdRlaccaps, Rmtrkcmu` mxpcksake ged iarm> 64 naccmdZk`m studmets àhlt gcsk `metake tlm Jlmrekfyc Eujcmgr Vmgjtkr gjjadmet

ae Vussag kr tlm Aestatutm, Xmst Yarhaeag, emgr jgtgstrkplm.

9.6. Tlm @gtmragc Zgimty Dgtg Zlmmt (@ZDZ)

9.:. Fckjn Ickw Daghrg` ged tlm Rrkjmss Ickw Daghrg`

9.4. @gtmragcs ki jkestrujtakeRapaeh daghrg`sAestru`met daghrg`sVmcami systm` dmsaheYmetacgtake systm`Dmsahe jkdms ged stgedgrds@gtmragc ged memrhy fgcgejmsZgimty aetmrckjnsDmtmjtake systm`sZupprmssake systm`s

9.=. Xlgt-ai gegcysas gttm`pts tk jkesadmr tlm jkesmqumejms ki vgrakusmvmets upke tlm prkjmss ged ats sgimty. Ge "mvmet" àhlt fm sk`migacurm watlae tlm systm`, g lu`ge igacurm, kr mvme g egturgc dasgstmr,sujl gs ge mgrtlqugnm kr tkregdk.

9.9. Rcget ckjgtake gegcysas jkesadmrs sujl igjtkrs gs prkxaàty tk

pkpucgtake jmetmrs ged ckjgtake gckeh hmkckhaj iguct zkems.

9.8. Lu`ge igacurm kitme as g igjtkr ae g jgtgstrkplm. Tlm pktmetagcjkesmqumejms ki lu`ge igacurm ùst fm jkesadmrmd ae prkjmss sgimtygegcysas. Zystm`s ikr àtahgtake ki tlm jkesmqumejms ùst fmjkesadmrmd. Gcckwgejm ikr tlm lu`ge mcm`met `gy giimjt dmsahe dmjasakesae tlm pcgeeaeh ikr g prkjmss.

9.<. Rrkimssakegc gegcysts lgvm jrmdmetagcs tlgt melgejm tlm jrmdafacaty kitlm gegcysas ged slkw hkkd igatl ke tlm pgrt ki tlm m`pckymr. At jksts`kemy tk larm prkimssakegc gegcysts, ged tlas slkws g `mgsurm kijk`àt`met ke tlm pgrt ki tlm m`pckymr tk dmgc watl tlm prkfcm` kiprkjmss sgimty gegcysas ae g rmspkesafcm wgy.

9.1. Ae-lkusm kpmrgtkrs ged `gaetmegejm pmrskeemc lgvm tlm gdvgetghm kiigàcagraty watl tlm prkjmss ged jge lgvm aesahlts ged jketrafutakes tktlm gegcysas tlgt hkms fmyked tlm jketrafutake ki prkimssakegc

gegcysts.

9.72. Mvmry iavm ymgrs.

9.77. Ikr tlm caim ki tlm prkjmss.

9.76. Qms, ae tm`pkrgry kr aeatagc stgrtup kpmrgtakes kr ae m`mrhmejykpmrgtakes. Ae tlmsm jgsms tlm gctmregtm `mges ki dmgcaeh watl tlmnekwe prkjmss lgzgrds ùst fm pcgeemd ged dkju`metmd.

9.7:. Qms, fut tlmsm m`mrhmejy kpmrgtake `kdms slkucd fm pcgeemd tk tgnmmiimjt ae ge m`mrhmejy. Ek, KZLG dkms ekt prklafat m`mrhmejy kpmrgtake`kdms.

9.74. Rrm-smt caàts jge fm smt up ikr tlm jketrkc systm` tk gutk`gtajgccytrahhmr gcgr`s kr ktlmr prkjmss gjtakes wlmemvmr prkjmss vgragfcmsmxjmmd tlm pcgeemd caàts ikr tlm prkjmss. Tlm gjtakes trahhmrmd grmtlus pcgeemd ae gdvgejm ged grm dmsahemd tk dmgc watl tlm miimjts kitlmsm m`mrhmejams.

9.7=. 7. Aeatagc trgaeaeh6. Vmirmslmr trgaeaeh:. Ymraiajgtake kr tmstaeh4. Dkju`metgtake

9.79. Tlm m`pckymms `gy cksm kr igac tk jgrry tlm jgrds ke tlmar pmrske.



9.78. Tlm prkjmss sgimty stgedgrd pcgjms rmspkesafacaty upke tlm pra`m

jketrgjtkr kr m`pckymr tk mxmrt g `mgsurm ki jketrkc kvmr tlm jketrgjtkpmrgtakes, aejcudaeh?

g. jketrkccaeh gjjmss tk igjacatamsf. jlmjnaeh prkspmjtavm jketrgjtkrs' sgimty rmjkrdsj. jk`ùeajgtaeh lgzgrd aeikr`gtake tk jketrgjtkrsd. aeikràeh jketrgjtkrs gfkut tlm pra`m m`pckymr's m`mrhmejy

gjtake pcge

m. pmrikràeh pmrakdaj mvgcugtakes ki jketrgjtkrs sgimty

pmrikr`gejmi. `gaetgae tlm KZLG 622 Ckh/Zu``gry ke jketrgjtkr m`pckymms

Tlm sufjketrgjtkr stacc as rmspkesafcm ikr tlm sgimty ged lmgctl ki laskwe m`pckymms.

9.7<. M`pckymrs wlk dmgc watl lahlcy lgzgrdkus jlmàjgcs sufomjt tk tlm KZLGstgedgrd ikr Rrkjmss Zgimty ged wlk sufjketrgjt pgrt ki tlmar prkjmsskpmrgtake kr `gaetmegejm tk g jketrgjtkr grm rmquarmd tk nmmp tlm KZLG622 Ckh/Zu``gry ki Kjjupgtakegc Accemssms ged Aeourams ke tlmjketrgjtkr pmrskeemc gs wmcc gs ke tlmar kwe m`pckymms.

9.71. G pkpucgr strgtmhy ikr dkdhaeh rmspkesafacaty ikr KZLG jk`pcagejm as tkjketrgjt gwgy lgzgrdkus pkrtakes ki tlm okf. Lkwmvmr, KZLG's RrkjmssZgimty Ztgedgrd ikr Lahlcy Lgzgrdkus Jlmàjgcs lgs pcgjmd jmrtgaermspkesafacatams ikr prktmjtake ki jketrgjt m`pckymms upke tlm pra`mjketrgjtkr.

9.62. EG@M KI JLM@AJGC? Lydrkjlckraj gjad (LJc). Ktlmr eg`ms? LydrkhmeJlckradm, @uragtaj gjad, ged Jlckrklydraj gjad

TK\AJATQ AEIKV@GTAKE? Arratget tk tlm ùjkus `m`frgems, mspmjagccy tktlm myms ged tlm rmspargtkry trgjt. Gcsk lahlcy tkxaj fyaehmstake. Ztrkeh arratget tk tlm snae.Jkejmetrgtake ki := pp` jgusms arratgtake ki tlm tlrkgt gitmrslkrt mxpksurm. Jkejmetrgtakes ki =2-722 pp` grm tkcmrgfcm ikrkem lkur. Jkejmetrgtakes kvmr 7222 pp` grm dgehmrkus, mvme ikrframi mxpksurms.Cmtlgc dksms? (ikr =2% ki pkpucgtake)

Vgffats (krgc)? 122 `h/nhVgts (aelgcgtake)? :764 pp` ikr kem lkur

Ckwmst pufcaslmd cmtlgc jkejmetrgtake ikr lu`ges?7:22 pp` ikr kem-lgci lkur

RMV@AZZAFCM M\RKZ]VM CA@ATZ? KZLG Jmacaeh jkejmetrgtake?= pp` kr 8 `h/`:

RLQZAJGC DGTG? Jkckrcmss hgs kr jkckrcmss (sk`mta`ms scahltcy ymcckw),iuàeh, puehmet caquad, strkehcy jkrrksavm.@mctaeh pkaet? -77=kJmcsausFkacaeh pkaet? -<=kJmcsaus@kcmjucgr wmahlt? :9.48Dmesaty? 7.9:1 h/catmr B 2kJmcsaus (hgs)Ygpkr prmssurm 4.2 gt`ksplmrms B 78.<kJmcsausIcgslpkaet? ekemEkejk`fustafcm

VMGJTAYATQ DGTG? Yakcmet rmgjtakes watl tlm ikcckwaeh jk``kejlmàjgcs? gjmtaj gelydradm, 6-gàek mtlgekc, skdau`, skdau`lydrkxadm, g``keau` lydrkxadm, suciuraj gjad, vaeyc gjmtgtm,Jg:R6, kcmu`, jlckrksucikeaj gjad, mtlycmem dagàem, mtlycmemaàem, LJcK4, prkpycmem kxadm, JgJ6, @h:F6, LhZK4

JKVVKZAYATQ DGTG? Lahlcy jkrrksavmZlappaeh fy rgac? wlatm cgfmcZlappaeh fy gar? jkrrksavm cgfmc

TLMV@GC GED JLM@AJGC ZTGFACATQ? dgtg uegvgacgfcmLG_GVDK]Z @A\AEH? Dgehmrkus> wacc rmgjt watl wgtmr kr stmg` tk prkdujm

tkxaj ged jkrrksavm vgpkrs.



9.67. Tlm "rkgd`gp gpprkgjl" gpprkgjl cmgvms rmquarmd dkju`mets ae tlmar

rmspmjtavm dmpgrt`mets ki rmspkesafacaty. Ae g jmetrgc iacm,jkevmeamet tk tlm KZLG aespmjtkr, m`pckymm rmprmsmetgtavms, ged ktlmraetmrmstmd pgrtams, as g "rkgd`gp" tlgt admetaiams mgjl dkju`metgtakermquarm`met ki tlm prkjmss sgimty stgedgrd ged tmccs prmjasmcy wlmrmwatlae tlm metarm pcget tk iaed tlm pmrtaemet dmtgacmd aeikr`gtake

rmquarmd.

9.66. Tlm pkuctry prkjmssaeh pcget àhlt usm kr stkrm g dgehmrkus jlmàjgc aemxjmss ki g tlrmslkcd g`kuet ged tlus fm jkvmrmd fy tlm Rrkjmss Zgimtystgedgrd. Ge mxg`pcm jlmàjgc wkucd fm jlckraem kr g``keag usmd ikr

rmirahmrgtake.

9.6:. Tlm wrmejl ged tkkc `geuigjturmr àhlt usm kr stkrm g dgehmrkusjlmàjgc ae mxjmss ki g tlrmslkcd g`kuet ged tlus fm jkvmrmd fy tlmRrkjmss Zgimty stgedgrd. Ge mxg`pcm jlmàjgc wkucd fm vgrakus gjads,sujl gs jlrkàj gjad usmd ae pcgtaeh kpmrgtakes.

9.64. Tlm KZLG Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm gppcams tk ”rmjkheazmd lgzgrds.’ Kejm glgzgrd as dkju`metmd, tlmrm as dkju`metmd mvadmejm tlgt tlm m`pckymr”rmjkheazmd’ tlm lgzgrd. KZLG jge usm tlas mvadmejm ghgaest ge m`pckymrae jatgtake ki tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm, mspmjagccy ae tlm mvmet ki gegjjadmet. Tlmrmikrm, ai tlm m`pckymr dkju`mets g prkjmss lgzgrd, at asmssmetagc tk jk`pcmtm tlm gegcysas fy prkvadaeh ikr gccmvagtake ki tlmlgzgrd sk gs ekt tk cmgvm tlm assum kpme-medmd.

9.6=. Mspmjagccy watl rmhgrd tk mquap`met purjlgsmd prakr tk tlm prkjmsssgimty stgedgrd at as gdvasgfcm tk usm g Vmhastmrmd RrkimssakegcMehaemmr tk `gnm tlm ”hkkd mehaemmraeh prgjtajms’ mvgcugtake ki prkjmssmquap`met.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

9.69. Mvme tlkuhl tlm Rlaccaps dasgstmr kjjurrmd g dmjgdm kr sk ghk, tlmrmgrm stacc `gey rmimrmejms tk at ke tlm Aetmremt. Jlmjn kut KZLG‑swmfsatm ikr tlm smttcm`met ghrmm`met watl Rlaccaps ged ikr tlm Rrmg`fcmtk tlm Rrkjmss Zgimty @geghm`met stgedgrd. KZLG lgs emws rmcmgsms aeats grjlavms, fut tlmsm `gy fm tkk kcd tk fm jurrmetcy jgrramd ke tlm

Aetmremt.

9.68. Gs ki tlas wrataeh, tlm ikcckwaeh nmywkrds grm castmd watl tlmargsskjagtmd eu`fmr ki lats usaeh AeikZmmn?

”Jlmrekfyc’ ? <=71 lats ”Flkpgc’? 781: lats”wkrst aedustragc gjjadmet’? :2 lats

Tlmsm skurjms kuhlt tk fm sgtasigjtkry tk prkvadm dgtg tk geswmr tlasqumstake.

9.6<. Irk` tlm KZLG wmf satm at jge fm dmtmràemd tlgt tlm Rrkjmss Zgimtystgedgrd as KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.771. G smgrjl ki tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsmrmvmgcs tlgt tlm Rrkjmss Zgimty stgedgrd wgs jatmd g tktgc ki 1:6 ta`ms

duraeh tlm Iasjgc Qmgr rmpkrtaeh pmrakd. Ki tlmsm, 891 wmrm dmsahegtmdgs gccmhmd smrakus vakcgtakes. Irk` tlmsm dgtg at jge fm jgcjucgtmdtlgt ae mxjmss ki <6.= % ki tlm gccmhmd vakcgtakes wmrm dmsahegtmd gsae tlm ”smrakus’ jgtmhkry.



9.61. Irk` tlm KZLG wmf satm at jge fm dmtmràemd tlgt tlm Rrkjmss Zgimty

stgedgrd as KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.771. G wkrd smgrjl ke "trgaeaeh" ketlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm rmvmgcs tlm pkrtake ki tlm Rrkjmss Zgimty stgedgrdtlgt pmrtgaes tk trgaeaeh, 7172.711(h). Fy pmrikràeh gektlmr qumry ketlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm at jge fm dmtmràemd tlgt tlmrm wmrm g tktgc ki 81gccmhmd vakcgtakes ki tlm prkvasakes ki 7172.771(h). Tk hmt g pajturmki tlm tktgc gccmhmd vakcgtakes ki 7172.771 g emw qumry jge fm `gdm ketlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm ikr *771* Gcsk, kem jge jlmjn mgjl ki tlmsufpgrghrgpls ki 7172.771 ikr irmqumejy. Ikcckwaeh as g tgfucgtake kitlksm irmqumejams ae wlajl tlm sufomjt `gttmr ki tlm sufpgrghrgpl wgskftgaemd irk` tlm KZLG wmf satm ged tlm irmqumejams ki jatgtake irk`

tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm?

771(g) "Gppcajgtake" 2 jatgtakes771(f) "Dmiaeatakes" 2 jatgtakes771(j) "M`pckymm pgrtajapgtake" 49 jatgtakes771(d) "Rrkjmss Zgimty Aeikr`gtake" 762 jatgtakes771(m) "Lgzgrd Gegcysas" 49 jatgtakes771(i) "Kpmrgtaeh Rrkjmdurms" 7<: jatgtakes771(h) "Trgaeaeh" 81 jatgtakes771(l) "Jketrgjtkrs" :1 jatgtakes771(a) "Rrm-stgrtup Vmvamw" 7= jatgtakes771(o) "@mjlgeajgc Aetmhraty" 7:= jatgtakes771(n) "Lkt Xkrn Rmràts" 8 jatgtakes771(c) "@geghm`met ki Jlgehm" 82 jatgtakes771(`) "Aejadmet Aevmstahgtake" 6< jatgtakes771(e) "M`mrhmejy Rcgeeaeh ged Vmspkesm" 68 jatgtakes771(k) "Jk`pcagejm Gudats" :8 jatgtakes

771(p) "Trgdm Zmjrmts" 2 jatgtakesTktgc 8:6 jatgtakes

Trgaeaeh gs g pmrjmet ki tktgc? gpprkx 77%

Ektm tlgt tlm wkrd "trgaeaeh" `gy gppmgr ae tlm Rrkjmss Zgimty stgedgrdae smjtakes ktlmr tlge 771(h). Lkwmvmr, ai tlmsm ktlmr smjtakes wmrmekt jatmd ae tlm Iasjgc Qmgr, tlmy wkucd ekt gppmgr ae tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsmsmgrjl ke tlm wkrd "trgaeaeh."

9.:2. G smgrjl ki tlm KZLG wmf satm rmvmgcs tlgt tlm gpprkpragtm smjtake ikr"m`pckymm pgrtajapgtake" ae tlm Rrkjmss Zgimty stgedgrd as61JIV7172.771(j). G smgrjl ki tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm ke tlas prkvasake(*771J*) rmvmgcs tlgt 49 jatgtakes wmrm wrattme ikr tlm Iasjgc Qmgr ketlas sufomjt. Gektlmr smgrjl ke tlas prkvasake (*771J*), usaeh tlm"smrakus vakcgtakes" kptake ki tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm, rmvmgcs tlgt :8 kitlmsm 49 jatgtakes wmrm jcgssaiamd gs gccmhmd "smrakus vakcgtakes." Tlm

jatgtakes ae tlm "smrakus" jgtmhkry rmprmsmet kvmr <2% ki tlm jatgtakesikr "m`pckymm pgrtajapgtake."




8.7. 46 aejlms as stgedgrd. :9 aejlms kr lahlmr as gjjmptgfcm ai tlmrgacaeh dkms ekt prmsmet g lgzgrd ged as ktlmrwasm ae jk`pcagejm.

8.6. Ztgedgrds? (7) Zcget--4 vmrtajgc? 7 lkrazketgc(6) Cgddmr emmds tk fm : it. ckehmr tlge wlmrm at

`mmts tlm rkkitkp.

Fkttk` dastgejm irk` fuacdaeh

4/7 0 74/g

g 0 74/4 0 :.=

Cmehtl tk rkkitkp

f6 0 (:.=)6 + (74)6 0 62<.6=

f 0 74.4:

Tktgc cmehtl 0 74.4: + : 0 78.4: it

8.:. (7) Gascms fm nmpt jcmgr ki lgzgrdkus kfstrujtakes(6) Gascms fm gpprkpragtmcy `grnmd

8.4. Tk rmicmjt ke gcc tlm ckjgtakes ae wlajl pmkpcm wkrn. Ickkrs,`mzzgeaems, fgcjkeams, jgtwgcns, pcgtikr`s, sjgiikcds, rg`ps, dkjns,stgarwgys, cgddmrs, mtj.

8.=. @gey pmkpcm dk ekt tlaen gfkut tlm daiimrmejm fmtwmme ou`paeh gedigccaeh irk` g 4 it. lmahlt.

8.9. Tlm igcc lgzgrd slkucd fm jketrkccmd matlmr fy aestgccaeh g stgedgrdrgacaeh kr fy assuaeh ged rmquaraeh wkrnmrs tk usm igcc prktmjtakemquap`met (sujl gs fmcts ged caimcaems).

8.8. Tk prmvmet tlm igcc ki `gtmragcs

8.<. Tlmrm slkucd fm jgtjl pcgtikr`s usmd uecmss?(7) tlm rkki lgs g pgrgpmt(6) tlm sckpm ki tlm rkki as icgttmr tlge 4 aejlms ae 76 aejlms(:) tlm wkrnmrs grm prktmjtmd fy g sgimty fmct gttgjlmd tk g caimcaem(4) tlm rkki as ckwmr tlge 79 immt irk` tlm hrkued tk tlm mgvms

8.1. Xlme tlm ickkr kr pcgtikr` as 4 immt kr `krm gfkvm gdogjmet ickkr kr

hrkued cmvmc kr wlme gdogjmet tk ge kpme pat, tgen, vgt, kr datjl,uecmss ktlmrwasm prktmjtmd.

8.72. Xlmemvmr at as g lgzgrd. Hugrdaeh jkucd fm fy g rm`kvgfcm rgacaeh kr grm`kvgfcm jkvmr.

8.77. Kem mxg`pcm wkucd fm wlmrm gjjuùcgtakes ki hrgae dust prmsmet gemxpcksake lgzgrd.

8.76. Jk`pgrm lkusmnmmpaeh hkgcs watl stgedgrds ikr tlm havme aedustry. Nmmpgjjurgtm rmjkrds ki gjjadmets ged tgnm gpprkpragtm stmps tk rm`kvmjgusms wlmtlmr tlmy fm lkusmnmmpaeh kr ktlmr jgusms.

8.7:. Ai ge gascm as dmsahegtmd gs pmr`gemet ged as gpprkpragtmcy `grnmd, gekfcahgtake as aejurrmd tk nmmp tlm gascm jcmgr ged irmm irk` geykfstrujtake wlajl àhlt fm g lgzgrd duraeh ge m`mrhmejy. KZLG wratms`gey jatgtakes ikr vakcgtakes ki sujl kfcahgtakes.

8.74. Tlm purpksm ki g lgedrgac as tk prkvadm g lgedlkcd. G rgacaeh as gvmrtajgc fgrramr mrmjtmd gckeh tlm mxpksmd sadms ki stgarwgys gedpcgtikr`s. Fktl grm aetmedmd tk prmvmet igccs.

8.7=. Ztgarwgy cgedaehs lgvm tlm praejapgc purpksm ki caàtaeh igcc dastgejm.Cgedaehs ùst fm ek cmss tlge tlm wadtl ki tlm stgarwgy ged g àeaù`

ki :2 aejlms ae cmehtl `mgsurmd ae tlm dastgejm ki trgvmc. Ckehicahlts ki stgars grm tk fm "gvkadmd".

8.79. Mcmjtrajgc lgzgrds ikr `mtgc cgddmrs.Cgddmr jkedatake, mspmjagccy tlm ruehs.Cgddmr pksatakeaeh ged smjuraeh tk prmvmet scappaeh.Cgddmr lmahlt ged gehcm ki pcgjm`met.



8.78. Xlme g iaxmd cgddmr as `krm tlge 62 immt fut cmss tlge :2 immt ckeh.Gctmregtavm dmvajms `gy fm usmd ke tkwmr, wgtmr tgen, ged jlaèmycgddmrs kvmr 62 immt ae uefrknme cmehtl.Gdvgetghms? aemxpmesavm ged miimjtavm ae gpprkpragtm wmgtlmr.Dasgdvgetghms? rmspkesafacaty ikr usm as cmit tk tlm wkrnmr, ged ajaehjge jgusm prkfcm`s.

8.7<. "@mges ki mhrmss" grm (7) tlm wgy ki mxat gjjmss, (6) tlm mxat atsmci,(:) tlm wgy ki mxat dasjlgrhm.

8.71. Ckjnmd mxats, mxats fckjnmd fy kfstrujtake kr a`pmda`mets (aesadm gedkutsadm), a`prkpmr mxat sahes, ged aegdmqugtm cahltaeh ikr mxat sahes.

8.62. Mxg`pcms grm gmragc fgsnmts, gmragc cgddmrs, fkk` pcgtikr`s, gedpcgtikr`-mcmvgtaeh tkwmrs. Tlmar jlami lgzgrd as jketgjt watl lahl-vkctghm pkwmr caems. Igcc lgzgrds irk` igacurm tk usm sgimty fmcts grmgcsk saheaiajget.

8.67. Lgvaeh tkk imw wgstm rmjmptgjcms cmgds tk kvmriaccaeh.Lgvaeh tkk `gey wgstm rmjmptgjcms cmgds tk cgxaty gfkut m`ptyaehjketgaemrs tlgt rmjmavm cattcm usm.

8.66. Tlas qumstake rmimrs tk tlm trghmdy tlgt kjjurrmd ae Lg`cmt, EkrtlJgrkcaeg, tlm `kreaeh ki Zmptm`fmr :, 7117. Ae kem ki tlm wkrstaedustragc gjjadmets ae ].Z. lastkry, twmety-iavm pmkpcm wmrm naccmdged gektlmr iaity-sax wmrm aeourmd ae g iarm tlgt swmpt tlrkuhl tlmA`pmragc Ikkds pkuctry prkjmssaeh pcget (rmi CgFgr). Tlm aeimrek wgsput kut ae kecy tlarty-iavm àeutms, fut at lgd gcrmgdy dkem atsdg`ghm. Tlm :2,222 squgrm ikkt fuacdaeh, g jkevmrtmd 7162s vaetghm ajm

jrmg` pcget, wgs vartugccy waedkwcmss, ged wlme tlm cahlts wmet kutskke gitmr tlm kutfrmgn ki tlm fcgzm, tlm eaemty wkrnmrs prmsmet wmrmsjrg`fcaeh tlrkuhl g `gzm ki prkdujtake prkjmssaeh mquap`met ae tlmdgrn tryaeh tk iaed g vagfcm wgy kut. Tk prmvmet prkdujt tlmit ged tknmmp kut icams, rmpkrtmdcy smvme ki tlm eaem mxat dkkrs wmrm rkutaemcyckjnmd kr fkctmd irk` tlm kutsadm. Tlm trghmdy jcksmd tlm pcgetpmr`gemetcy, ged tlrmm `m`fmrs ki tkp `geghm`met wmrm aedajtmd ikrtwmety-iavm jkuets mgjl ki aevkcuetgry `gescguhltmr. Tlm tlrmmaedajtmd wmrm tlm kwemr ki tlm jk`pgey, wlajl as ekw fgenrupt, tlmkwemr's ske, wlk wgs wkrnaeh ae tlm pcget gs kpmrgtakes `geghmr, gedtlm pcget `geghmr.

8.6:. Tlm G`mrajges Xatl Dasgfacatams Gjt (GDG) ki 7112.

8.64. Tlm rmspkesafacaty ikr gssuraeh tlgt igjacatams grm ae jk`pcagejm watltlm G`mrajges Xatl Dasgfacatams Gjt (GDG) ki 7112. Fktl KZLG ged GDGrmquarm`mets jge lgvm ge a`pgjt upke tlm dmsahe ki g fuacdaeh. Tlm

Zgimty ged Lmgctl @geghmr as kitme mxpmjtmd tk fm nekwcmdhmgfcmrmhgrdaeh fktl KZLG ged GDG rmquarm`mets ged prkpmrcy aeikr` igjacatamsdmsahemrs.

8.6=. Tlm 6226 Mdatake ki Aeoury Igjts, pufcaslmd fy tlm Egtakegc ZgimtyJkuejac slkws tlgt tlmrm wmrm 4:8 igtgcatams rmsuctaeh irk` ”igccs tk gckwmr cmvmc’ ae tlm 6227 rmpkrtaeh pmrakd. Gddaeh tk tlas iahurmgektlmr <7 igtgcatams jcgssaiamd gs ”igccs ke sg`m cmvmc’ `gnms tlmtktgc eu`fmr ki igtgcatams dum tk igccs gdd up tk =7<. Tlas pcgjmsigccs ae iaitl pcgjm fmlaed tlm ikcckwaeh jgtmhkrams ki igtgcatamsrmpkrtmd tk tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac?

7. ”Trgespkrtgtake gjjadmets’? 71:<6. ”Ztrujn fy kfomjt’? 7=:8 :. ”Jguhlt ae kfomjt, mquap`met, `gtmragc’? 1244. ”Gssguct, vakcmet gjt’? =49

8.69. Fuacdaeh jkdms aejcudm sgimty imgturms tlgt grm gpprkpragtm ikr gey emwjkestrujtake, kr pmrlgps rm`kdmcaeh, fut `gy ekt fm prgjtajgc ikrrmtrkiat ke mxastaeh fuacdaehs. Imdmrgc stgedgrds tlgt rmcgtm tkfuacdaehs ged igjacatams sk`mta`ms gddrmss assums ki rmcgtavmpmr`gemejm ged lgvm fmme aetmrprmtmd gs gppcajgfcm tk mxastaeh gs wmccgs emw igjacatams. Tlm rmsuct lgs fmme jkstcy rmekvgtake tk jk`pcywatl rucms tlgt `gey fmcamvm slkucd gppcy kecy tk emw igjacatams.

8.68. "Trafkckhy" as tlm study ki tlm `mjlgeas`s ged plmek`meg ki irajtakeged gppcams tk tlm study ki traps ged igccs gs wmcc gs tk cufrajgtakeged wmgr ki jketgjt surigjms.

8.6<. Tlm Caim Zgimty Jkdm spmjaiams g àeaù` mxat gjjmss gascm wadtl (6<aejlms), wlmrmgs tlm KZLG stgedgrds spmjaiy ek àeaù` mxjmpt aepmrikr`gejm cgehughm (”suiiajamet sgim jcmgrgejms……). Tlm KZLG



stgedgrd as wkrdmd `krm ae pmrikr`gejm cgehughm ged tlm Caim ZgimtyJkdm as wkrdmd `krm ae spmjaiajgtake cgehughm.

8.61. Ikr`mrcy tlm KZLG stgedgrd ikr gascm `grnaeh spmjaiamd fcgjn kr wlatmjkckr. Tlas strajt spmjaiajgtake wgs rmvknmd fy KZLG, wlajl ekwpmràts gey jkckr prkvadmd tlm iuejtake as `gaetgaemd (pmrikr`gejmstgedgrd).

8.:2. Tlm purpksm ki g ”ikktcgddmr fkgrd’ as tk smjurm tlm ikkt ki tlm cgddmrtk nmmp at irk` scappaeh duraeh usm ke g lgrd, scajn surigjm.

8.:7. Ai tlm sjgiikcd as Typm T, igacurm ki kem ki tlm suppkrtaeh rkpms wacc

jgusm tlm sjgiikcd tk tap dgehmrkuscy, fut ekt igcc tk tlm hrkued. Aitlm wkrnmr‑s caimcaem as gttgjlmd tk tlm sjgiikcd, tlm wkrnmr wacc fmsgvmd irk` igccaeh, fmjgusm tlm sjgiikcd wacc ekt igcc dum tk tlassaehcm igacurm ki kem ki tlm suppkrtaeh rkpms.

8.:6. Ztgtm ghmejams rmhucgtm fkacmr ged mcmvgtkr sgimty. Gctlkuhl krdaegrylkt wgtmr tgens grm hmemrgccy ekt tlkuhlt ki gs ”fkacmrs,’ tlmrm grmlgzgrds gsskjagtmd watl tlmar kpmrgtake, ged tlmy slkucd fm aestgccmdprkpmrcy. Gjjkrdaehcy, lkt wgtmr tgen aestgccgtakes kr rmaestgccgtakesùst fm dkem fy g pmrske cajmesmd tk dk tlm wkrn.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

8.::. Gs ki tlas wrataeh, 4= lats wmrm ikued ke AEIKZMMN usaeh tlm nmywkrds”A`pmragc Ikkds’ ged 8< lats wmrm ikued usaeh ”Lg`cmt, Ekrtl Jgrkcaeg’.

8.:4. Gs ki tlas wrataeh, usaeh AEIKZMMN tlm gutlkr ikued 72= lats usaeh tlmnmywkrds ”Tragehcm Zlartwgast.’ Tlm Tragehcm Zlartwgast mvmet wgslastkraj ged stacc as fmaeh dmsjrafmd ae jurrmet dkju`mets. Gpgrtajucgrcy hrappaeh ged dmtgacmd gjjkuet wgs ikued gt tlm ikcckwaehaetmremt gddrmss?

lttp?//www.tjr.krh/tragehcm.lt`c

Gcsk jlmjn Qgcm ]eavmrsaty‑s satm?

lttp?//www.ygcm.mdu/yup/tragehcm[slartwgast.lt`c

ged tlm ].Z. Dmpgrt`met ki Cgfkr‑s grjlavm gt?

lttp?//www.dkc.hkv/dkc/msg/pufcaj/ykutl/sstkur7.lt`

Rmrlgps tlm `kst jlaccaeh saàcgraty fmtwmme Tragehcm Zlartwgast gedA`pmragc Ikkds as tlm rmpmtatake ki ckjnmd mxats tk prmvmet prkdujttlmit fy m`pckymms.

8.:=. Irk` tlm tmxt ki tlm irmqumetcy jatmd stgedgrd, gs dasjussmd ae tlasfkkn, tlm KZLG wmf satm jge fm usmd tk admetaiy wlajl stgedgrd lgs tlmsg`m wkrdaeh - tlgt as KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.6:(j)(7) - Kpme-sadmdickkrs, pcgtikr`s, ged ruewgys. Ge gpprkpragtm qumry ke tlm EJ@dgtgfgsm, jkrrmspkedaeh tk tlas stgedgrd, as *6:J27* Tlas qumry rmvmgcsg irmqumejy ki jatgtake ki 7929 (kr 796:, ai gcc suf-prkvasakes ki6:(j)(7) grm aejcudmd. Tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm, fy jk`pgraske, slkws gtktgc ki 764: jatgtakes ikr tlm Iasjgc Qmgr.

8.:9. At tgnms sk`m dahhaeh ae tlm KZLG wmf satm fut fy smgrjlaeh ke tlm wkrd

"Gascm" (fm surm tk jgpatgcazm tlm wkrd "Gascm" ae tlas jgsm), kem jgeiaed tlgt KZLG stgedgrd 7172.66(f) pmrtgaes tk "Gascms gedRgssghmwgys". Tlm gpprkpragtm prkvasake ikr tlm `gaetmegejm ki gascmsas 7172.66(f)(7). G qumry ke tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm (*66F27*) rmvmgcs tlgttlas prkvasake wgs jatmd 667 ta`ms ae tlm Iasjgc Qmgr. Gcsk rmcmvget tktlm `gaetmegejm ki gascms as tlm gpprkpragtm `grnaeh ki gascms(7172.66(f)(6). Tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm slkws == jatgtakes ikr g qumry ki*66F6*.

8.:8. G smgrjl ki tlm KZLG wmf satm rmvmgcs tlgt Hmemrgc Aedustry KZLGstgedgrd 7172.:9(f)stgtms tlgt ”Ge mxat dkkr ùst fm ueckjnmd.’ Tlasprkvasake jketgaes tlrmm sufpgrghrgpls f(7), f(6) ged f(:) tlgt mxpcgaeiurtlmr. Tureaeh tk tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm at jge fm ikued tlgt twk ki tlmsmsufpgrghrgpls lgvm fmme jatmd. :9(f)(7) wgs jatmd 761 ta`ms ae tlmiasjgc ymgr rmpkrtaeh pmrakd, ged :9(f)(6) wgs jatmd 7:1 ta`ms.Zmgrjlaeh tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm ghgae, tlas ta`m fy ”tktgc eu`fmr ki

http://www.tcr.org/triangle.html


http://www.yale.edu/yup/triangle_shirtwaist.html


http://www.dol.gov/dol/esa/public/youth/sstour1.htm







jketmstmd jatgtakes,’ at jge fm ikued tlgt jatgtakes ikr :9(f)(7) ged:9(f)(6) wmrm jketmstmd ikur ta`ms mgjl ae tlm iasjgc ymgr.



JLGRTMV < ZKC]TAKEZ TK MED-KI-JLGRTMV M\MVJAZMZ

<.7. Mrhkekàjs as g frkgd iamcd ged drgws upke `gey daiimrmet sjamejms. Tlmrmcmvget igjmts ki tlm iamcd gs dmsjrafmd ae Jlgptmr < ki tlm tmxt aejcudm tlmikcckwaeh?

g. Mrhkekàj vmlajcm dmsahe ikr lu`ge pmrikr`gejmf. Dmsaheaeh sgimty imgturms aetk wkrnpcgjm `gjlaemsj. Jketrkccaeh tlm wkrn mevarke`met, aejcudaeh?

7. @geugc caitaeh

6. Gjjk``kdgtaeh aedavadugc wkrnmr jlgrgjtmrastajsd. Xkrnpcgjm @usjucksnmcmtgc Daskrdmrs (X@ZDs)

<.6. Xkrnpcgjm @usjucksnmcmtgc Daskrdmrs (X@ZDs)

<.:. Tlm dmvmckp`met lgs prkjmmdmd irk` tlm ikcckwaeh gpprkxa`gtm smqumejm kitmràekckhy?

7. Jgrpgc Tueemc Zyedrk`m (JTZ)6. Vmpmtatavm Ztrgae Aeoury (VZA):. Juùcgtavm Trgu`g Daskrdmrs (JTDs)4. @usjucksnmcmtgc Daskrdmrs (@ZDs)=. Xkrnpcgjm @usjucksnmcmtgc Daskrdmrs (@ZDs)

<.4. Zmjtake =(G)(7) ki tlm KZLG Gjt (tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm)

<.=. Fktl tlm GEZA ged tlm KZLG stgedgrds ikr mrhkekàjs wmrm dmvmckpmd gt tlm sg`mta`m (tlm dmjgdm ki tlm 7112s). Tlm KZLG stgedgrd wgs aetmedmd tk fm `gedgtkryged wkucd fm meikrjmd watl aespmjtakes ged pmegctams. Tlm GEZA stgedgrd wgsdmvmckpmd usaeh tlm trgdatakegc stgedgrds dmvmckp`met irg`mwkrn usmd ikr gccGEZA vkcuetgry stgedgrds. Tlm twk stgedgrds wmrm vmry saàcgr ae jketmet. Fktllgd prkvasakes ikr ”`geghm`met pcges’ ikr mrhkekàjs. Lkwmvmr, tlm jk`pkemetsae tlm `geghm`met pcge ae tlm prkvasakes ki tlm GEZA stgedgrd wmet fmyked tlm`geghm`met pcge rmquarm`mets spmjaiamd ae tlm KZLG stgedgrd. Tlm GEZA stgedgrdspmjaiamd ”okf gegcysas’ ged ”okf dmsahe ged aetmrvmetake,’ m`plgsazaeh tlmgegcysas ged prmvmetake ki iuturm lgzgrds fmikrm tlm kjjurrmejm ki tlm X@ZDjgsms.

<.9. Aedustry wgs girgad ki tlm jkst spmjucgtmd tk fm aejurrmd ae jk`pcyaeh watltlm stgedgrd. Gcsk, tlmrm wgs jkejmre kvmr tlm vghumemss ae tlm dmiaeatake kitlm tmr` X@ZD. Tlmrm wgs jkejmre gfkut tlm vgragtake ki wkrnmr pmrjmptakes ki"dasjkìkrt." Xlgt àhlt fm g hmeuaem X@ZD tk sk`m àhlt oust fm ekr`gcgdoust`met tk tlm okf tk ktlmrs. Gektlmr jkejmre wgs tlm dmiaeatake ki tlm

tmr` "aeoury" kr "accemss". Mvme ai ge aeoury kr accemss as mstgfcaslmd, tlmrmas gcwgys tlm qumstake ki wlmtlmr at wgs jgusmd fy pmrskegc, kii-tlm-okfmxpksurms kr fy tlm okf atsmci. Iaegccy, tlmrm wgs tlm qumstake ki rm`mdams.Lkw jge tlm wkrn mevarke`met fm gdmqugtmcy "iaxmd"; Ged lkw jge ge aeourmdwkrnmr fm "jurmd"; Fgsajgccy, m`pckymrs ged tlmar cmhascgtavm rmprmsmetgtavmsimgrmd g stgedgrd tlgt as sufomjt tk aetmrprmtgtake kr tlm oudh`met ki tlmaespmjtkr.

<.8. Ek kem qumstakes tlm igjt tlgt tgnme ke gvmrghm tlm gvmrghm `gcm jge cait glmgvamr ckgd tlge tlm gvmrghm im`gcm. Dmspatm tlas kfvakus igjt, at asaejkrrmjt tk dasjraàegtm ghgaest im`gcms ikr okfs rmquaraeh `geugc caitaehfgsmd upke tlmar hmedmr. Zk`m im`gcms jge cait `krm tlge tlm gvmrghm `gcm jge,ged sk`m `gcms jge ekt cait gs ùjl gs tlm gvmrghm im`gcm jge, sk m`pckymrsslkucd usm jgrm tk tmst ged qugcaiy wkrnmrs fgsmd upke tlmar jgpgfacatams, ektupke tlmar hmedmr.

<.<. EAKZL lgs jkedujtmd aetmesavm studams ki tlm miimjtavmemss ki fgjn fmcts. Tlmstudams slkwmd ek stgtastajgccy saheaiajget a`prkvm`mets ae dmjrmgsmdirmqumejy ki wkrnmr jk`pmesgtake jcga`s rgtms ikr m`pckymrs wlk rmquarm tlmusm ki fgjn fmcts vmrsus m`pckymrs wlk dk ekt. Ztudams gcsk jk`pgrmd wkrnmrswlk vkcuetgracy usm fgjn fmcts mvmry dgy vmrsus tlksm wlk dk ekt usm tlm` krusm tlm` kecy kjjgsakegccy. Tlmrm wgs ek stgtastajgccy saheaiajget daiimrmejmae wkrnmrs jk`pmesgtake jcga` irmqumejy. Fmsadms studyaeh wkrnmrs jk`pmesgtakejcga` irmqumejy, EAKZL gcsk studamd "smci-rmpkrtmd fgjn pgae" ged ghgae tlmrmsucts slkwmd ek stgtastajgccy saheaiajget daiimrmejm fmtwmme fgjn fmct usmrsged tlksm wlk dk ekt wmgr fgjn fmcts.



<.1. Tlm dmsahe ki gutk`kfacm ged ktlmr vmlajcm dravmr jk`pgrt`mets, mspmjagccygarjrgit jkjnpats, as a`pkrtget tk tlm sgim ged miimjtavm kpmrgtake ki tlmvmlajcm. Tlm dravmr ùst fm gfcm tk gssmss prkfcm`s ged tgnm gpprkpragtmgjtake ae g ta`mcy `geemr. Tlm rkcm ki mrhkekàjs ae tlas prkjmss as tk studylu`ge rmgjtake tk vgrakus staùca ged dmvmckp praejapcms tk huadm ae tlmdmsahe ki tlm gpprkpragtm aetmrigjm fmtwmme dravmr ged vmlajcm tk gjlamvm tlmfmst pkssafcm rmsuct. Tlm praejapcms grm jkejmremd watl tlm pcgjm`met kiaestru`mets kr dagcs, prakratams ikr tlm gttmetake ki tlm kpmrgtkr, ged rucmstk gvkad aegdvmrtmet gjtugtake ki jratajgc jketrkcs dum tk tlmar prkxaàty tkktlmr irmqumetcy-usmd jketrkcs. Ikr`mrcy, tlm dmsahe mehaemmr, usaeh jk``ke-smesm ged trgdatakegc jkevmetakes, wgs rmspkesafcm ikr tlm dmsahe ki tlmdravmr jkjnpat watlkut rmcagejm upke mrhkekàj praejapcms. Tlm rmsuct wgs

uesgim kpmrgtake ki tlm vmlajcm, g prkfcm` tlgt lgs fmme gddrmssmd fymrhkekàjs.

<.72. Mxg`pcms ki mrhkekàjs praejapcms ikued ae tlm KZLG stgedgrds aejcudm dmsahespmjaiajgtakes ikr puejl prmss ikktswatjlms, prkvasake ikr "dmgd-`ge jketrkcs"ikr jrgem pmedgets, tlm spmjaiajgtake ki twk-lged kpmrgtkr jketrkcs ikr`gjlaems, ged geta-tam dkwe dmsahe imgturms ikr sujl jketrkcs.

<.77. Kem prkfcm` as tlgt at as ekt jcmgr tlgt tlm rucm prmvmets fgjn aeourams.@geugc caitaeh as kem ki tlm `kst studamd sufomjts ae mrhkekàjs, fut tk dgtmtlm studams grm stacc aejkejcusavm. Aeourams jketaeum tk fm prmvgcmet, mvme aetlm aedustrams tlgt m`plgsazm "prkpmr" caitaeh tmjleaqums. Mvme EAKZL, tlmimdmrgc ghmejy jlgrhmd watl tlm àssake ki studyaeh lgzgrds ged rmjk``medaehstgedgrds, lgs cattcm rmspmjt ikr tlm fmemiats ki trgaeaeh ae prkpmr caitaeh.Tlas as gektlmr rmicmjtake ki tlm hmemrgc dastrust ki tlm kitme-lmgrd rucm,”Cait watl ykur cmhs, ekt watl ykur fgjn.’

<.76. Tlas as g daiiajuct qumstake fmjgusm at as ekt jcmgr wlmtlmr tlmrm lgsgjtugccy fmme ge aejrmgsm ae X@ZD aejadmejm kr wlmtlmr tlmrm lgs fmme gpmrjmptake ki aejrmgsmd aejadmejm dum tk tlm aejrmgsmd gttmetake fmaeh havmetk tlm sufomjt. Ge uemxpmjtmd iaedaeh ae tlm study ki jk`putmr tmràegckpmrgtkrs wgs tlgt, aestmgd ki mymstrgae, tlm fahhmr prkfcm` wgs watlaejrmgsmd aejadmejm ki rmpmtatavm strgae aeourams sujl gs tmeksyekvatas,tmedkeatas, ged jgrpgc tueemc syedrk`m. Tlas as oust kem mxg`pcm ki tlmiaedaehs ae tlas grmg. At gppmgrs canmcy tlgt `krm ged `krm X@ZDs wacc fmrmpkrtmd gs tlm pufcaj fmjk`ms aejrmgsaehcy gwgrm ki tlm lgzgrd.

<.7:. Tlm tmr` @ZDZ as tlm gffrmvagtake ikr @gtmragc Zgimty Dgtg Zlmmt. Tlm tmr` @ZDas tlm gffrmvagtake ikr @usjucksnmcmtgc Daskrdmr. Tlm tmr` @ZDs (ektm tlm usmki ckwmr-jgsm s) rmimrs tk tlm pcurgc ki @usjucksnmcmtgc Daskrdmr(s).Tlmrmikrm, @ZDZ ged @ZDs, tlkuhl saàcgr ae gppmgrgejm, rmprmsmet quatmdaiimrmet tmr`s ae tlm iamcd ki kjjupgtakegc sgimty ged lmgctl.

<.74. Gitmr g dmjgdm-ckeh prkùchgtake prkjmss ge KZLG stgedgrd ikr Mrhkekàjs wgs

assumd ae tlm wgeaeh dgys ki tlm Rrmsadmetagc gdàeastrgtake ki Facc Jcaetkegt tlm med ki tlm ymgr 6222. Lkwmvmr, tlm pkcatajgccy-jketrkvmrsagc stgedgrdwgs a``mdagtmcy kvmrturemd fy tlm emw Jkehrmss wlme at rmjkevmemd ae 6227gitmr tlm mcmjtakes. Tlm ghmejy as prklafatmd fy Jkehrmss irk` rmaetrkdujaeh gscahltcy daiimrmet vmrsake ki tlm stgedgrd.

<.7=. Fgjn fmcts grm vmry jketrkvmrsagc, ged tlmrm as cattcm mvadmejm tlgt tlmyprmvmet fgjn aeourams. EAKZL lgs studamd fgjn fmcts tk tmst tlm lypktlmsastlgt tlmy rmdujm wkrnmrs jk`pmesgtake jcga` aejadmejm ged tlgt tlmy rmdujmsmci-rmpkrtmd fgjn pgae. Tlm study slkwmd ek saheaiajget daiimrmejm fmtwmmetlm hrkups wlk usmd fgjn fmcts, vmrsus tlm hrkups wlk dad ekt usm tlm`. Tlmstudams wmrm vmry jk`prmlmesavm ged jkccmjtmd dgtg ke 1,:88 wkrnmrs ae 792stkrms egtakewadm.

<.79. Tlm jlgptmr dkms ekt gddrmss tlas qumstake darmjtcy. Jmrtgaecy rmsmgrjlstudams lgvm jgst dkuft upke tlm utacaty ki fgjn fmcts ae prmvmetaeh aeoury krae rmdujaeh fgjn pgae. Trgaeaeh ged mdujgtake ki tlm wkrnmr as ge a`pkrtgetpgrt ki gey lgzgrd prmvmetake prkhrg`, ged jmrtgaecy tlas as ge a`pkrtgetgspmjt ki g prkhrg` ikr mrhkekàjs ged tlm prmvmetake ki X@ZDs. At asrmjkheazmd tlgt wkrnmrs `gy sa`pcy canm tk wmgr fgjn fmcts, ged, gjjkrdaehcy,at gppmgrs tlgt tlmy slkucd fm pmràttmd tlas pravacmhm. Vmjkheazaehpraejapcms studamd ae mgrcamr jlgptmrs ki tlm tmxt, tlm m`pckymr slkucdmedmgvkr tk gdmqugtmcy trgae m`pckymms sk tlgt tlmy dk ekt fmjk`m àscmd fy gigcsm smesm ki smjuraty grasaeh irk` tlm usm ki fgjn fmcts.

<.78. Ruejl prmssms kitme lgvm jkvmrs kvmr tlm ikkt pmdgc tk prmvmet aegdvmrtmetgjtugtake ki tlm pmdgc wlajl wkucd trahhmr ge uewgetmd strknm ki tlm prmssrg`. Tk usm tlm pmdgc, tlm kpmrgtkr ùst dmcafmrgtmcy mxtmed tlm tkm kilas/lmr slkm aetk tlm jgvaty uedmr tlm jkvmr ged tlme dmprmss tlm pmdgc.Gektlmr imgturm ki puejl prmssms as twk lged trappaeh kr jketrkc `mjlgeas`s.Fy rmquaraeh tlm jkejurrmet gjtugtake ki tlm twk puslfuttkes, fktl ki tlmkpmrgtkr‑s lgeds grm prktmjtmd irk` metry





<.7<. Dmspatm tlm m`plgsas tlgt lgs fmme pcgjmd upke "prkpmr caitaeh tmjleaqums"tlmrm lgs fmme cattcm mvadmejm tlgt sujl trgaeaeh prmvmets aeourams. M`pckymrsgrm rmcujtget tk dasjketaeum sujl trgaeaeh ikr imgr ki aeourams ged sufsmqumetjcga`s ki m`pckymr emhcahmejm ikr igacurm tk prkvadm gdmqugtm trgaeaeh. MvmeEAKZL lgs slkwe cattcm rmspmjt ikr tlm fmemiats ki trgaeaeh ae prkpmr caitaehfy rmimrraeh tk trgaeaeh ki wkrnmrs ae sgim `mtlkds ki `geugc `gtmragclgedcaeh gs g prgjtajm tlgt "as canmcy tk jketaeum dmspatm tlm cgjn kimvadmejm tk suppkrt at."

<.71. Fktl tlm KZLG stgedgrd (tlgt wgs rmsjaedmd) ged tlm drgit GEZA stgedgrd

jketgaemd rmquarm`mets ikr g X@ZD prkhrg`. Tlm GEZA wkrdaeh wgs saàcgr tk tlmKZLG wkrdaeh fut wmet g cattcm iurtlmr tk spmjaiy okf gegcysas ged okf dmsaheged aetmrvmetake, mvme ai X@ZDs lgd ekt ymt fmme `geaimstmd ae tlm wkrnpcgjm.Rrkhrg` jk`pkemets rmquarmd ae tlm drgit GEZA stgedgrd grm gs ikcckws?

@geghm`met rmspkesafacatams

Trgaeaeh

M`pckymm aevkcvm`met

Zurvmaccgejm

Mvgcugtake ged `geghm`met ki @ZD jgsms

Okf gegcysas

Okf dmsahe ged aetmrvmetake

<.62. Kejm g X@ZD prkfcm` lgs fmme admetaiamd, tlm rmspkesafacaty as upke tlmm`pckymr tk dk sk`mtlaeh gfkut at. Kejm rmpkrtmd, tlm lgzgrd fmjk`ms

rmjkheazmd ged stmps ùst fm tgnme tk mcaàegtm at. Rmrskegc prktmjtavmmquap`met as ekt hmemrgccy gjjmptmd gs gpprkpragtm. Mehaemmraeh kr wkrnprgjtajm jketrkcs ùst fm aestatutmd. Mehaemmraeh jketrkcs grm fmst fmjgusmtlmy mcaàegtm tlm lgzgrd. Tlm pkcajy ki ”rg`p-ae’ ikr emw m`pckymms ae emwokfs as jkesadmrmd ge gdàeastrgtavm kr wkrn prgjtajm jketrkc. Gektlmrgdàeastrgtavm jketrkc as okf rktgtake.

<.67. Ikkd `geuigjturaeh ged prkjmssaeh> `mgt-pgjnaeh, mspmjagccy pkuctry> tlmeursaeh lk`m aedustry (mspmjagccy eursms ged lmgctljgrm prkvadmrs). Gektlmrjkejmre as jk`putmr tmràegc kpmrgtake, g okf iuejtake tlgt tkujlms vartugccygcc aedustrams.

<.66. Fmvmrcy Metmrprasms, It Zàtl, Grngesgs, g prkvadmr ki lmgctljgrm smrvajms(mspmjagccy eursaeh lk`ms), ged Rmppmradhm Igr`s, Dkweaehtkwe, Rmeesycvgeag, g`gnmr ki fasjuats.

<.6:. ”Vg`p-ae’ havms emw m`pckymms kr mxastaeh m`pckymms ke emw okfs tlm

kppkrtueaty tk prgjtajm ged fmjk`m gjjustk`md tk tlm rmquarm`mets ki tlm emwokf. Vg`p-ae as jkesadmrmd ge miimjtavm `mtlkd ki rmdujaeh ueemjmssgrydasjkìkrt ikr emw m`pckymms wlk pmrikr` rmpmtatavm tgsns. Ge gddmd gdvgetghmki rg`p-ae as tlgt at pmràts tlm smttaeh ki lahl pmrikr`gejm (prkdujtavaty)stgedgrds ikr tlm okf. Mvme tlkuhl tlm emw wkrnmr tk tlm okf jge ekt `mmt tlmlahl stgedgrd, tlm stgedgrd as jkesadmrmd g ekr` ikr tlm emw wkrnmr tk wkrn uptk gitmr tlm rg`p-ae pmrakd as jk`pcmtm.

<.64. Zaejm rg`p-ae aevkcvms g jlgehm ae prkjmdurm kr tlm pgjm ki tlm okf, at slkucdfm jkesadmrmd ge gdàeastrgtavm, ekt mehaemmraeh, jketrkc.

<.6=. Tlm jcgssajgc ”tlrmm caems ki dmimesm’ grm (7) Mehaemmraeh jketrkcs, (6)Gdàeastrgtavm kr wkrn prgjtajm jketrkcs, ged (:) Rmrskegc prktmjtavmmquap`met. Tlm tlard caem ki dmimesm as wadmcy usmd ae prktmjtaeh wkrnmrs irkèkasm ged rmspargtkry lgzgrds, fut, ikr X@ZDs, tlm miimjtavmemss ki pmrskegcprktmjtavm mquap`met as ekt wadmcy rmjkheazmd. Mehaemmraeh jketrkcs grmdmiaeatmcy prmimrrmd gs g `mges ki mcaàegtaeh, ekt oust àtahgtaeh, tlmlgzgrd ki X@ZDs.

<.69. Tlm geswmr tk tlas qumstake as g `kvaeh tgrhmt. Gs ki tlas wrataeh tlm GEZAstgedgrd lgd stacc ekt fmme iaegcazmd. G smgrjl ki tlm Aetmremt yamcdmdtlkusgeds ki lats ikr tlm smgrjl tmr` ”mrhkekàjs stgedgrd,’ fut `kst ki tlmgrtajcms wmrm smvmrgc `ketls kcd ged rmimrrmd pra`gracy tk tlm KZLG stgedgrdtlgt as ekw dmiuejt. Iuturm smgrjlms ke tlas qumstake `gy rmsuct ae quatmdaiimrmet rmsucts.



<.68. Ikcckwaeh grm sk`m dastrafutkrs ikued ke tlm Aetmremt, gckeh watl quktgtakes

ki jcga`s ikr tlmar fgjn fmcts?

Ekrtlmre Tkkc ged Mquap`met? ”Ikur icmxafcm 8 7/6ae. stgys havm yku mxtrgckwmr fgjn suppkrt. Tgpmrmd irket pgemcs `gnm at mgsy ikr yku tk fmed.Frmgtlgfcm ged `gjlaem wgslgfcm.’

Jkìkrt Lkusm? ”krtlkpmdajgccy dmsahemd ikr `gxaù` suppkrt…’ ”…ueaqumkvmrcgppaeh sadm-puccs prkvadm gddmd suppkrt ged jk`prmssake tk ykurgfdk`me ged ckwmr fgjn.’ ”Mejkurghms prkpmr caitaeh tmjleaqum…’”caàts mxjmssavm cu`fgr `kvm`met duraeh plysajgc mxmrtake.’

TkrskZ‑pkrt? ”Vmgc fgjn suppkrt’ ”prmjasmcy `kcdmd tk iat fktl tlm ckwmr fgjn

ged gfdkàegc ùsjcms prkvadaeh ueprmjmdmetmd jkìkrt’ ”prkdujt tlgtwacc stged tlm tmst ki ta`m’ Tlas skurjm gcsk usmd tlm ikcckwaehcgehughm tlgt dad ekt g`kuet tk ge gjtugc prkdujt jcga`, fut a`pcamskem? ”Tlmrm lgs fmme g drg`gtaj aejrmgsm ae tlm eu`fmr ki aedavadugcswlk rmcy ke fgjn suppkrts kr wmahltcaitaeh fmcts tk lmcp prmvmetaeourams duraeh tlmar dgacy mxmrjasm ged cmasurm rkutaems.’

<.6<. Tlm ikcckwaeh hmemrgc jk``met wgs ikued ke tlm Aetmremt?

Mrhkekàjs ae tlm Gutk`ktavm Aedustry

Yartugccy gcc gutk`kfacm ged jk`pkemet `geuigjturmrs gcrmgdy rmjkheasm mrhkekàjs gsge a`pkrtget pgrt ki vmlajcm dmsahe. Ikr mxg`pcm, tlm iarst plgsm ki tlm dmsaheprkjmss as tk `gnm surm tlgt tlm dravmr jge rmgjl gcc ki tlm jketrkcs, smm geduedmrstged tlm dgslfkgrd daspcgys, ged immc jkìkrtgfcm ae tlm smgt. Igacurm tkgddrmss mrhkekàjs ae vmlajcm dmsahe cmgds tk pkkr dravaeh pmrikr`gejm — wlmtlmr at as

Eahmc @gesmcc ekt iattaeh aetk las Ikrùcg Kem dravmr's jgf kr ykur kwe skrm fgjngitmr g ckeh `ktkrwgy okuremy. Justk`mrs vgcum mrhkekàj dmsahe ged tlmy wacc pgyikr at.

lttp?//www.systm`-jkejmpts.jk`/jgsm/gutkls.lt`c

Ae tlas grtajcm tlm pkaet wgs `gdm tlgt tlm gutk aedustry pgys jcksm gttmetaketk tlm mrhkekàjs imgturms ki tlm prkdujts tlmy smcc tk tlm pufcaj, fut tlmyhavm cmss gttmetake tk tlm mrhkekàjs praejapcms ae tlm dmsahe ki wkrnstgtakes ikr tlmar kwe m`pckymms. Dmspatm tlm jcga` tlgt gutk `geuigjturmrsusm mrhkekàjs ae tlm dmsahe ki tlmar prkdujts, usm ki tlm wkrd ”mrhkekàjs’as ekt jk``kecy ikued ae sgcms catmrgturm. Tlas gutlkr dad ekt iaed tlm wkrdae hmemrgc usm wlme smgrjlmd watlae spmjaiaj `geuigjturmr‑s wmfsatms ikr`grnmtaeh tlmar prkdujts.

<.61. Gt tlm ta`m ki tlas wrataeh, tlm KZLG wmfsatm jketgaemd g caen tk ”mrhkekàjs’gs g jgtmhkry watlae tlm ”Zgimty/Lmgctl Tkpajs’ castaeh ae tlm jketmetssmjtake. Tlas caenmd rmvmgcmd tlgt tlkuhl tlm hmemrgc Mrhkekàjs stgedgrd wgsdmgd, KZLG rm`gaes gjtavm ae tlm iamcd ki mrhkekàjs. Tlmrm wmrm pufcajgeekuejm`mets ki emw mrhkekàjs huadmcaems prkpksgcs ae gt cmgst tlrmmaedustrams? pkuctry, rmtgac hrkjmry, ged eursaeh lk`ms. Ae gddatake, KZLGgeekuejmd g ”ikur-prkehmd jk`prmlmesavm gpprkgjl’ tk dmgcaeh watl mrhkekàjs,ae pgrtajucgr watl wkrnpcgjm ùsjucksnmcmtgc daskrdmrs. Tlmsm ikur gpprkgjlmswmrm castmd gs? Huadmcaems, Meikrjm`met, Kutrmgjl/Gssastgejm, ged Vmsmgrjl. Aetlm meikrjm`met grmeg, KZLG `gdm rmimrmejm tk tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm gedstgtmd tlgt tlm mcaàegtake ki rmjkheazmd smrakus lgzgrds aejcudms mrhkekàjslgzgrds. Tlas a`pcams tlgt KZLG‑s meikrjm`met strgtmhy ikr mrhkekàjs `gnmsusm ki tlm Hmemrgc Duty Jcgusm. Gt tlm sg`m ta`m, KZLG sgad tlgt at wacc ektikjus ats meikrjm`met miikrts ke m`pckymrs wlk lgvm a`pcm`metmd miimjtavmmrhkekàj prkhrg`s kr wlk grm `gnaeh hkkd-igatl miikrts tk rmdujm mrhkekàjlgzgrds.

http://www.system-concepts.com/stds/hsebox1-1.html






1.7. Tk prktmjt tlm iar` irk` cagfacaty ikr prm-m`pcky`met lmgctl jkedatakeskr prm-mxastaeh aeourams kr dg`ghm tk tassums, sujl gs cuehs.

1.6. Tlm tmr` "tkxaj sufstgejms" hmemrgccy rmimrs tk ghmets tlgt jgusm lgr`tk tlm fkdy. Mxg`pcms wkucd fm arratgets, systmàj pkaskes,dmprmssgets, gsplyxagets, jgrjaekhmes, tmrgtkhmes, ged ùtghmes."Lgzgrdkus `gtmragcs" grm `krm canmcy tk fm gsskjagtmd watl sgimtylgzgrds, sujl gs iarm ged mxpcksake lgzgrds. Gdàttmdcy, tkxajsufstgejms grm gcsk lgzgrdkus, fut tlm tmràekckhy usmd fy KZLG ged

prgjtajaeh prkimssakegcs as tk `gnm tlm gfkvm-dmsjrafmd dastaejtakefmtwmme tlm twk tmr`s.

1.:. Arratgets, systmàj pkaskes, dmprmssgets, gsplyxagets, jgrjaekhmes,tmrgtkhmes, ged ùtghmes.

1.4. Mtlyc gcjklkc kr "mtlgekc." Ats praejapgc lgzgrd as gs g dmprmssget.

1.=. Aelgcgtake, (snae) gfskrptake, ged aehmstake.

1.9. Dmetastry

1.8. Ikr `kst tkxaj sufstgejms, KZLG lgs tgnme g hmemrgc gpprkgjl ged lgspufcaslmd "egtakegc jkesmesus" RMCs, fgsmd upke mxastaeh TCYs pufcaslmdfy tlm G`mrajge Jkeimrmejm ki Hkvmre`metgc Aedustragc Lyhameasts(GJHAL). Lkwmvmr, ikr sk`m sufstgejms KZLG lgs hkem ùjl iurtlmr gedwrattme "jk`pcmtmd" stgedgrds, mgjl gddrmssaeh g pgrtajucgr sufstgejm.

Rrkàemet mxg`pcms ki sujl sufstgejms grm gsfmstks ged cmgd. Ktlmrprkàemet mxg`pcms aejcudm fmezmem, vaeyc jlckradm, jgdàu`, gedgrsmeaj. (Zmm Tgfcm 1.7 ki tlm tmxt).

1.<. Kdkrcmss hgsms aejcudm jgrfke `kekxadm, jgrfke dakxadm, `mtlgem, gedeatrkhme. Jgrfke `kekxadm as `krm dgehmrkus tlge tlm ktlmrs, fut tlmktlmrs jge fm dgehmrs gs sa`pcm gsplyxagets, jrkwdaeh kut caim-havaehkxyhme. @mtlgem as castmd lmrm gs kdkrcmss, fut usugccy, ikr sgimtyrmgskes, tlm hgs utacaty jk`pgey gdds g stgejlaeh ghmet, sujl gs mtlyc`mrjgptge, tk `gnm tlm `mtlgem lgvm tlm jlgrgjtmrastaj "egturgc hgs"kdkr.

1.1. Lydrkhme suciadm, jk``kecy nekwe gs "rkttme-mhh hgs." Tlm tmr`"kcigjtkry" rmimrs tk tlm smesm ki s`mcc.

1.72. GC rmprmsmets tlm "Gjtake Cmvmc," ged RMC rmprmsmets tlm "RmràssafcmMxpksurm Cmvmc." Tlm GC as usugccy 7/6 ki tlm cmvmc ki tlm RMC ged as

aetmedmd tk fm g wgreaeh cmvmc sk tlgt jketrkcs jge fm aestahgtmdfmikrm m`pckymm mxpksurms mxjmmd tlm cmhgc caàt prmsjrafmd fy tlm RMC.

1.77. "Zkcad" pgrtajcms tlgt grm hmemrgccy tkk iaem tk fm jgccmd dusts.Iu`ms grm typajgccy ikr`md fy tlm rmskcadaiajgtake ki vgpkrs irk` vmrylkt prkjmssms sujl gs wmcdaeh.

1.76. 2.2::% as mquavgcmet tk 2.222:: x 729 0 ::2

Tlm RMCs (TXGs) grm ikued ae Gppmedax G.7?

RMCs (pp`)Jgrfke Jgrfke@kekxadm Dakxadm

=2 =,222

Ja ::2 x

M` 0 -- 0 ------- + ---- 3 7Ca =222 =2

x3 7 -

::2

=2 =222

x3

1982

=2 =222

x 31982(=2)

=222

x 3 19.8 pp` jgrfke `kekxadm









lgzgrd. Zk lgzgrdkus as fmezmem tlgt KZLG lgs assumd g smpgrgtmstgedgrd ikr at (61 JIV 7172.7261) gs g pgrt ki tlm "stgedgrdsjk`pcmtake prkomjt." Ae gddatake at as castmd ae Tgfcm G.6 gs lgvaeh gRMC (TXG) ki 72 pp`. Ai tlmrm grm kecy twk jlkajms, ged ktlmr igjtkrsgrm mqugc, jlckrkfmezmem slkucd fm smcmjtmd.

1.:2. Ykcu`m ki rkk` 0 922 it6 x < it 0 4<22 it:

= it: Jkejmetrgtake (aeatagc) 0 ------- 0 .227246 0 7246 pp`

4<22 it:

Gssuàeh g stmgdy dacutake dum tk tlm kpme waedkw, tlm gvmrghmjkejmetrgtake ikr tlm <-lkur gcc-eahlt pmrakd as?

7246 + =22 7=46--------------- 0 ------ 0 887 pp`

6 6

RMC ikr mtlyc gcjklkc 0 7222 pp`Zaejm 887 pp` 3 7222 pp`. RMC as ekt mxjmmdmd. (Tlm GC as mxjmmdmd.)

1.:7. Xatl tlm lkt kvme gddaeh ge gddatakegc 6= it: ki gcjklkc vgpkr tk tlmrkk`, tlm tktgc wkucd fm = it: + 6= it: 0 :2 it:. ]edmr tlmsm emwjkedatakes, sax ta`ms gs ùjl vgpkr lgs fmme aetrkdujmd aetk tlmgpgrt`met's gar. Ai at as gssu`md tlgt tlm aeatagc ged gvmrghmjkejmetrgtakes grm gcsk sax ta`ms gs hrmgt gs ae Mxmrjasm 1.:2, tlme?

Jkejmetrgtake aeatagc 0 9 x 7246 pp` 0 96=6 pp`Gvmrghm jkejmetrgtake 9 x 887 pp` 0 4969 pp`Zaejm 4969 pp` 5 7222 pp`, RMC as mxjmmdmd.

1.:6. VgehmTufm =L Tufm =@

Ckwmr ]ppmr Ckwmr ]ppmrRmrjmet .2=% <.2% .226% .:9%RR@ =22 <2222 62 :922

Tufm =@ as `krm smesatavm.

1.::. Jmacaeh (@GJ) jkejmetrgtake ikr lydrkhme suciadm (L6Z) as 62 pp` (irk`Gppmedax G.6 ki tlm tmxt).Ikur tufms ae tlm tgfcm mejk`pgss tlm 62 pp` @GJ. Tlmy grm 4L, 4@, 4C,ged 4CC. Tufm 4CC jkvmrs tlm egrrkwmst rgehm (.6= pp` - 92 pp`).

1.:4. Irk` Tgfcm G.7 ki tlm tmxt, tlm RMC (TXG) ikr askprkpyc gjmtgtm as 6=2pp`. Tlm GC 0 7/6 RMC 0 76= pp`

Dmtmjtkr tufm rgehm? 2.2=% tk 2.8=%

jkevmrtmd tk pp`?Dmtmjtkr tufm rgehm? =22 pp` tk 8=22 pp`

Tlm dmtmjtkr tufm as ki aesuiiajamet smesatavaty tk fm usmiuc gs gdmtmjtkr ki jkejmetrgtakes emgr tlm RMC kr GC.

1.:=. 7 àjrk`mtmr 0 72-9 `mtmrs> 7 j` 0 72-6 `mtmrs> 7 j` 0 72-4 àjrk`mtmrsDag`mtmr ae jmeta`mtmrs 0 78 x 72-4 0 2.2278 j`Dag`mtmr ae aejlms 0 .2278j`/6.=4 j`/ae 0 .22298 ae.Tlm pgrtajcm wkucd fm jcgssaiamd gs dust.

1.:9. Jketgàeget Jkej RMC GC

Askprkpyc mtlmr 622 =22 6=2Mtlyc fmezmem 42 722 =2Jlckrkfmezmem 6= 8= :8.=Jlckrkfrk`k`mtlgem =2 622 722

Tgnme smpgrgtmcy ekem ki tlm jketgàegets mxjmmd matlmr tlmarrmspmjtavm RMC's kr GC's. Xlme jkesadmrmd tkhmtlmr, lkwmvmr, tlmikcckwaeh ikrùcg as usmd ikr àxturms?

M` 0 (622/=22) + (42/722) + (6=/8=) + (=2/622)0 .4 + .4 + .:: + .6= 0 7.:<

Zaejm 7.:< 5 7 ged 7.:< 5 2.=, tlm jkejmetrgtakes mxjmmd fktl tlm RMC



ged tlm GC, rmspmjtavmcy.

1.:8. Ke tlm surigjm at gppmgrs tlgt tlm emw skcvmet wacc lmcp `gttmrs fyrmdujaeh tlm skcvmet vgpkr rmcmgsm fy 62%. Lkwmvmr, 62% as kecy g`kdmst a`prkvm`met, ged g `krm nekwcmdhmgfcm gssmss`met wkucd aejcudm gjk`pgraske ki tlm RMCs ikr tlm twk skcvmets uedmr jkesadmrgtake. Tlmkcd skcvmet, Ztkddgrd skcvmet, as castmd ae tlm KZLG cast ikr garjketgàeget RMCs gs g TXG ki =22 pp` (smm Gppmedax G.7). Tlm emwskcvmet, pmrjlckrkmtlycmem as castmd ae Gppmedax G.7 watl g rmimrmejmtk Gppmedax G.6. Mgrcamr mdatakes ki tlm Gppmedax lgvm rmjkheazmd"pmrjlckrkmltycmem" ged "tmtrgjlckrkmtlycmem" gs syekey`s.Tmtrgjlckrkmtlycmem as ikued ae Gppmedax G.6 tk lgvm g TXG RMC ki 722

pp` ged g @GJ ki 622 pp`. Tlmrmikrm pmrjlckrkmtlycmem as ùjl `krmtahltcy jketrkccmd gs g `krm lgzgrdkus sufstgejm tlge Ztkddgrd skcvmet.Tlm gdvgetghm ki tlm `kdmst rmdujtake ae skcvmet vgpkrs as `krm tlge

kiismt fy tlm igjt tlgt tlm emw skcvmet as ùjl `krm dgehmrkus, iavmta`ms gs dgehmrkus gs aedajgtmd fy tlm rgtak ki RMCs. At wkucd fm `krmdaiiajuct tk jketrkc tlm emw skcvmet tk cmvmcs watlae tlm RMC ged GC.Tlm jkesuctget slkucd pkaet tlas kut tk tlm prkjmss mehaemmr gedjgutake ghgaest `gnaeh tlm prkjmss jlgehm.

1.:<. @kreaeh Gitmrekke Ja Ca Mxpksurm Mxpksurm <-lr KZLG Ja/Ca

Zufstgejm (4 lrs) (4 lrs) TXG RMC*Gjmtaj gelydradm .= pp` 7 pp` .8= pp` = pp` .7=Zkdau` lydrkxadm .6 `h/`: .: `h/`: .6= `h/`: 6 `h/`: .76=G``keau` suciadm : pp` 4 pp` :.= pp` ekem 2Jgcjau` fasuciadm = pp` < pp` 9.= pp` ekem 2Jgrfke dasuciadm 4 pp` 9 pp` = pp` 62 pp` .6=Zkdau` suciadm .8 `h/`: .< `h/`: .8= `h/`: ekem 2Zkdau` suciatm .= `h/`: .= `h/`: .= `h/`: ekem 2

.=6= e Ja

Tktgc M` 0 ----- 0 .=6= 3 7 sk RMC as ekt mxjmmdmd.a07 Ca 5 .= sk GC as mxjmmdmd.

1.:1. @kreaeh Gitmrekke Ja Ca Mxpksurm Mxpksurm <-lr KZLG Ja/Ca

Zufstgejm (4 lrs) (4 lrs) TXG RMC*

@axturm irk` Mx. 1.:< .=6=

Ikr`gcdmlydm 7 pp` 7 pp` 7 pp` : pp` .:::*

.<=<*Gppmedax G.6

e Ja

Tktgc M` 0 ----- 0 .<=<a07 Ca

Tlm gddatake ki 7 pp` ikr`gcdmlydm tk tlm ktlmr jketgàegets puslms uptlm M` dgehmrkuscy jcksm tk ueaty, gt wlajl pkaet tlm RMC wkucd fmmxjmmdmd. Ge mrrkr ki kecy 7 pp` ae tlm mxpmjtmd jkejmetrgtake wkucdpusl tlm M` kvmr 7.2. Vmjk``medgtakes tk tlm dmsahe mehaemmrs slkucdaejcudm jgutakes ghgaest tlm usm ki ikr`gcdmlydm uecmss rmcmgsms tk tlmgt`ksplmrm grm jcksmcy jketrkccmd. Ikr`gcdmlydm as sk lgzgrdkus tlgtKZLG lgs prkùchgtmd g smpgrgtm stgedgrd (61 JIV 7172.724<) ikr atsjketrkc uedmr tlm "stgedgrds jk`pcmtake prkomjt." Tlm tahlt RMC caàtsged ktlmr jketgàegets gcrmgdy prmsmet ae tlm pcget gt`ksplmrm wgrrgetsmrakus jkesadmrgtake ged "fgjn tk tlm drgwaeh fkgrd" prkjmss jlgehms.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

1.42. Tlm gjjadmet kjjurrmd ke Ogeugry :2, 711=. Tlm Grnlgehmcsn Rucp gedRgpmr Jk`faem ki Ekvkdvaesn, Vussag màttmd up tk 79 tkes ki `mrjuryjk`pkueds aetk tlm Zvmregyg Dvaeg Vavmr. Tlm màssake ki tkxaj `mrjuryjk`pkueds aetk tlm ravmr wmrm, ged stacc grm, g lmgctl tlrmgt tk tlmpmkpcm ki tlm grmg, ged grm g tlrmgt tk tlm mjkckhajgc lmgctl ki tlmravmr atsmci. Tlm jketgàegtake ki tlm Zvmregyg Dvaeg Vavmr gt tlaspkaet wgs gs lahl gs 842 ged 942 jratajgc jketgàegtake jkejmetrgtakes(jgj), ke mgjl sadm ki tlm ravmr. Ae cgy`me‑s tmr`s, tlas rmprmsmets gjketgàegtake 62 ta`ms hrmgtmr tlge tlm gjjmptgfcm cmvmc ikr tlmZvmregyg Dvaeg Vavmr gt tlas hmkhrgplajgc pkaet. Tlmrm as dgehmr tlgttlm gjjadmetgc rmcmgsm ged tlm jketaeumd rmcmgsm ki `mrjury jk`pkuedsaetk tlm ravmr wacc rmsuct ae tlm dmgtl ki tlm ravmr. Tlm ZvmregygDvaeg Vavmr m`ptams aetk tlm Xlatm Zmg ged ucta`gtmcy aetk tlm GrjtajKjmge. Xlacm tlm ùjl cgrhmr fkdy ki wgtmr rmprmsmetmd fy tlm Grjtaj



Kjmge wacc daspmrsm tlm jkejmetrgtake rgtlmr quajncy, tlm Grjtaj Kjmge,fmjgusm ki tlm ckw wgtmr tm`pmrgturms as g ùjl `krm irghacmmevarke`met tlge tlm wgtmrs ki `krm tm`pmrgtm kjmges. Tlm GrjtajVmhake as ùjl `krm smesatavm tk tlas typm ki pkccutake dum tk tlm cgjnki àjrksjkpaj krhgeas`s tlgt lmcp tk emutrgcazm tlas typm kijketgàegtake ae `krm tm`pmrgtm rmhakes. Zkurjm? Aetmremt

lttp?//hurunuc.ujj.g`mrajge.mdu/TMD.@MVJ]VQ.LT@

1.47. (g) 7172.72=6(f) Gprac 72, 7118(j) Tlm rgtm ki a`pcm`metgtake ki tlm stgrt-up plgsm dmpmeds upke tlm

sazm ki tlm jk`pgey ged upke tlm smjtake ki tlm stgedgrd, gsikcckws?

JK@RGEQ ZA_M? 362 m`pckymms 623m`pckymms311 511 m`pckymms

Aeatagc `keatkraeh :22 dgys 672 dgys 762 dgys

Mehaemmraeh jketrkcs : ymgrs 6 ymgrs 7 ymgr

Gcc ktlmr rmquarm`mets 7 ymgr 682 dgys 7<2 dgys

Tlm ckehmst a`pcm`metgtake plgsm ae tlm gfkvm tgfcm as : ymgrs.Tlmrmikrm tlm dgtm ki tlm med ki tlm a`pcm`metgtake plgsm as Gprac 72,6222.(d) 6= pp`

(m) 76= pp` kvmr g pmrakd ki 7= àeutms(i) :2 ymgrs

1.46. Fy smgrjlaeh tlm KZLG wmfsatm ikr tlm nmywkrd "`mtlycmem jlckradm" tlmAetmremt surimr jge fm darmjtmd tk tlm prmg`fcm tk tlm stgedgrd tlgtgppmgrmd ae tlm Imdmrgc Vmhastmr wlme tlm `mtlycmem jlckradm stgedgrdwgs prkùchgtmd (Ogeugry 72, 7118). Tlm su``gry tk tlm prmg`fcm jcga`mdtlgt tlm stgedgrd wkucd rmsuct ae g sgvaehs ki :7 jgejmr dmgtls pmrymgr pcus : dmgtls pmr ymgr irk` jmetrgc emrvkus systm` daskrdmrs gedjgrfkxylm`khckfaemàj miimjts (jgrfke `kekxadm pkaskeaehjk`pcajgtakes). Tlm jkst ki jk`pcagejm wgs msta`gtmd tk fm $727àccake/ymgr. Zmgrjlaeh tlm grjlavmd Emws Vmcmgsms ke tlm KZLGwmfsatm, KZLG Emws Vmcmgsm 18-29, dgtmd Ogeugry 1, 7118, jge fm ikued.Ae tlas rmcmgsm, tlme KZLG Darmjtkr Oksmpl Dmgr stgtmd tlgt g tktgc ki:4 cavms pmr ymgr wkucd fm sgvmd, :7 irk` ckeh-tmr` miimjts ged : irk`slkrt-tmr` miimjts. Tlm emws rmcmgsm gcsk rmpkrtmd ge msta`gtmd6:8,=22 wkrnmrs grm mxpksmd tk `mtlycmem jlckradm.

1.4:. Ke tlm KZLG wmfsatm, hkaeh tk tlm grjlavmd emws rmcmgsms, smgrjl ikrtlm tmr` "futgdamem." Tlas wacc daspcgy KZLG Emws Vmcmgsm 19-748, dgtmdKjtkfmr 64, 7119. Gjjkrdaeh tk tlm Emws Vmcmgsm, tlm RMC wgs rmdujmdirk` 7,222 pp` tk 7 pp`. (Tlas rmprmsmets g tlkusged-ikcd rmdujtake.)Tlm msta`gtmd jkst ki jk`pcagejm watl tlm stgedgrd wgs $6.1 àccake pmrymgr. Tlm `krm straehmet stgedgrd as mxpmjtmd tk prmvmet gt cmgst 81jgejmr dmgtls kvmr g 4=-ymgr wkrnaeh caimta`m.

1.44. Tlm tkp ke tlm cast ki irmqumetcy jatmd stgedgrds g`keh tlm ”stgedgrdsjk`pcmtake prkomjt’ sufstgejms wgs Cmgd, wlajl gjjkuetmd ikrgpprkxa`gtmcy kem-tlard ki gcc jatgtakes ikr ”stgedgrds jk`pcmtakeprkomjt’ sufstgejms. Ikcckwaeh as g castaeh ki tlm tkp tlrmm, watlirmqumejy ki jatgtake ikr mgjl?

61JIV7172.726= ‚ Cmgd? 77:8 jatgtakes

61JIV7172.72=6 ‚ @mtlycmem Jlckradm? 891 jatgtakes61JIV7172.724< ‚ Ikr`gcdmlydm? :2< jatgtakesZkurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm

1.4=. Irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm at jge fm dmtmràemd tlgt tlm hmemrgc KZLGstgedgrd ikr gar jketgàegets as 61JIV7172.7222. Tlm spmjaiajprkvasakes tlgt rmquarm gar jketgàegets tk fm lmcd watlae tlmarrmspmjtavm RMCs grm prmsmetmd watl tlmar rmspmjtavm meikrjm`metstgtastajs, gs dmtmràemd irk` tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm?

Jatgtake Tktgc Gvmrghm

Ztgedgrd Rrkvasake JkvmrghmIrmqumej

y $ Rmegcty $ Rmegcty

http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/TED.MERCURY.HTM

http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/TED.MERCURY.HTM



7222(g) Tgfcm _.7 7=2 $79<,222 $7,76:

7222(f) Tgfcm _.6 67 $81,46= $:,8<6

7222(j) Tgfcm _.: 18 $74=,1=2 $7,=2=

Gcc ki tlm gfkvm 69< $:1:,:8= $7,49<

Zkurjm EJ@ dgtgfgsm

1.49. Irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm, tlm gpprkpragtm stgedgrd as KZLG stgedgrd61JIV7172.7222(d)(6)(a). Tlm ikrùcg as tlm sg`m gs slkwe ae tlm tmxt.




72.7 Fgtjl prkjmss lgzgrds? Kpme lgedcaeh as rmdujmd, rmdujaeh tlm mxpksurmki `gtmragcs tk tlm gar> fgtjlms ki `gtmragc sk`mta`ms ùst satadcm, gwgataeh prkjmssaeh.

Jketaeukus prkjmss lgzgrd? @mjlgeajgc lgedcaeh mquap`met `gy aejrmgsmjketgàegtake cmvmcs.

72.6. Ge krdaegry lkusmlkcd vmetacgtake ige as usmiuc ikr dacutaeh tlmjkejmetrgtake ki gar jketgàegets gt g pgrtajucgr wkrnstgtake. Dacutakevmetacgtake as g rmjkheazmd `mtlkd ki rmdujaeh jkejmetrgtakes tk gsgimr cmvmc. Lkwmvmr, sujl dacutake daspmrsms tlm jketgàeget

tlrkuhlkut tlm pcget ged aejrmgsms tlm fgjnhrkued cmvmc kijketgàegtake. Ai ktlmr prkjmssms gcsk gdd tk tlm jketgàegtake, at `gyucta`gtmcy fm emjmssgry tk rm`kvm tlm jketgàeget irk` tlm gar. At waccfm `krm daiiajuct tk rm`kvm cgtmr, gitmr at lgs daspmrsmd tlrkuhlkuttlm pcget. Dacutake vmetacgtake as sk`mwlgt saàcgr tk ”swmmpaeh dartuedmr tlm ruh.’

72.: Ge krdaegry vgjuu` jcmgemr lgs tlm gdvgetghm ki ikjusaeh tlmvmetacgtake ke tlm skurjm ged rm`kvaeh tlm jketgàeget fmikrm at lgs gekppkrtueaty tk daspmrsm aetk tlm g`famet gar ae tlm pcget. Lkwmvmr,krdaegry vgjuu` jcmgemrs dk ekt lgvm tlm iactmraeh jgpgfacaty tk rm`kvm`kst dgehmrkus jketgàegets, sk tlmy wacc sa`pcy rmture tlmjketgàegtmd gar aetk tlm pcget irk` tlm mxlgust sadm ki tlm vgjuu`jcmgemr. Gektlmr dasgdvgetghm tk tlm ikjusmd vgjuu`-jcmgemr gpprkgjl astlgt tlm jkejmetrgtmd ikrjm ki tlm gar strmg` `gy fckw pgpmrs kraetmrimrm watl tlm prkjmss.

72.4. Rucc systm`s prkdujm g emhgtavm prmssurm watlae tlm jketgàegtmd gardasjlgrhm dujt. Tlus, cmgns ae tlm dujt, ai gey, wacc rmsuct ae pcgetgar fmaeh drgwe AETK tlm dujt. Rusl systm`s prkdujm g pksatavm prmssurmwatlae tlm jketgàegtmd gar dasjlgrhm dujt. Gey cmgns ae sujl g dujtwacc aetrkdujm jketgàegtmd gar fgjn aetk tlm g`famet gar ae tlm pcget.

72.=. G `gek`mtmr as ge aestru`met usmd tk dmtmjt daiimrmejms ae prmssurm.@gek`mtmrs grm usmiuc ae vmetacgtake systm`s tk dmtmjt daiimrmejms aeprmssurm gjrkss g iactmr. Ge aejrmgsm ae prmssurm daiimrmetagc gjrkss giactmr ae g vmetacgtake systm` as g darmjt aedajgtake tlgt tlm iactmrlgs jckhhmd kr fuact up g rmsastgejm dum tk tlm jkccmjtake ki dust,dart, kr prkjmss jketgàegets. Ge gcgr` jge fm smt tk trahhmr upke gtlrmslkcd prmssurm daiimrmetagc dmtmjtmd fy tlm `gek`mtmr.

72.9. Zkcutake `mtlkd 7? Dmsahe ged aestgcc systm`s tk iactmr ged puraiy tlmjketgàegtmd gar sk tlgt at jge fm rmjyjcmd fgjn aetk tlm pcgetgt`ksplmrm.

Zkcutake `mtlkd 6? Aetrkdujm tlm `gnmup gar ikr tlm mxlgust systm`gdogjmet tk tlm pkaet ki krahae ikr tlm jketgàeget. Tlm `gnmup garaetrkdujmd gt tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake `gy ekt emmd gey lmgtaeh krjkkcaeh, gs at wacc fm a``mdagtmcy rm`kvmd fy tlm mxlgust vmetacgtakesystm`.Zkcutake `mtlkd :? ]sm g lmgt mxjlgehmr tk wgr` (kr jkkc) `gnmup gar fypgssaeh at tlrkuhl tlm lmgt mxjlgehmr ae jcksm prkxaàty tk tlm lmgtmd(kr jkkcmd) mxlgust gar.

72.8. Jmetraiuhgc dmvajms (sk`mta`ms jgccmd jyjckems)Mcmjtrkstgtaj prmjapatgtkrsXmt sjruffmrsIactmrs (igfraj kr fgh-typm)

72.<. Ratjl ged prmssurm aetmesaty ki tlm skued wgvm. Ki tlm twk, prmssurmaetmesaty as tlm `krm dgehmrkus jlgrgjtmrastaj ki skued. Mvme tlkuhltlm pmgns ki prmssurm aetmesaty jge fm dgehmrkus, tlm lu`ge mgr jgewatlstged, watlkut dg`ghm, skued prmssurms 72,222,222 ta`ms gs hrmgt gstlm igaetmst skued at jge lmgr.

72.1. Akeazaeh ged ekeakeazaeh rgdagtake, watl akeazaeh rgdagtake fmaeh tlm`krm dgehmrkus ki tlm twk. \ rgys grm ge mxg`pcm ki akeazaeh rgdagtaketlgt jge kjjur ae tlm wkrnpcgjm.

72.72. Zk`m wkrnmrs grm jkejmremd watl rgdagtake (ekeakeazaeh) irk` jk`putmrtmràegcs, fut tlm praejapgc lgzgrd watl jk`putmr tmràegcs asùsjucksnmcmtgc daskrdmrs, ekt rgdagtake.

72.77. Ae tlas prkfcm` wm grm havme tlm ZC@ rmgdaehs ged ùst wkrn fgjnwgrdstk aeimr tlm skued kutput ki matlmr ki tlm twk admetajgc hmemrgtkrs.

(g) Kem hmemrgtkr ke? ZC@ rmgdaeh 0 <:.9 dFG



Ek hmemrgtkrs ke (fgjnhrkued ekasm)?ZC@ rmgdaeh 0 <7 dFGDaiimrmejm 0 6.9 dF

Tlas daiimrmejm as usmd ae Tgfcm 72.7, rahlt-lged jkcuè, tk aeimr tlgttlm dmjafmc daiimrmejm ae skued kutput fmtwmme tlm fgjnhrkued ekasm gedkem hmemrgtkr as 7 dF (cmit lged jkcuè). Tlm ckudmr ki tlm twkskurjms as tlm fgjnhrkued ekasm gt <7 dFG, saejm tlas wgs tlm vgcum tkwlajl 6.9 dF wgs gddmd tk rmsuct ae <:.9 dFG. Tlmrmikrm tlm ekasmkutput ki mgjl hmemrgtkr as <7 - 7 0 <2 dFG. Xlme tlm smjked hmemrgtkras turemd ke, at wacc gdd gektlmr <2 dFG tk tlm <:.9 dFG.

<:.9<2

Daiimrmejm 0 :.9

Tgfcm 72.7 (cmit lged jkcuè) dkms ekt slkw ge metry ikr g daiimrmejmki :.9 dF, fut caemgr aetmrpkcgtake jge fm usmd gs ge gpprkxa`gtake?

:.9 - : 0 x - 7.<4 - : 7.4 - 7.<

x 0 7.=9

Tlmrmikrm <:.9 + 7.=9 0 <=.79 dFG watl fktl `gjlaems ke

(f) RMC 0 12 dFGZaejm <=.79 3 12, RMC as ekt mxjmmdmd.GC 0 <= dFGZaejm <=.79 5 <=, GC as (fgrmcy) mxjmmdmd.

(j) Irk` Tgfcm 72.6 ged usaeh caemgr aetmrpkcgtake (gs ae pgrt ^gP)?dFG Lrs. Vmi. Durgtake

<:.9 4 71.4<<=.79 4 7=.994

D 0 Je 0 722

4 + 4

Te 71.4< 7=.994

D 0 49.28% 3 722% RMC ekt mxjmmdmdD 0 49.28% 3 =2% GC ekt mxjmmdmd

(d) Ikr 7 hmemrgtkr? tlm dFG wkucd fm <2 dFG(irk` skcutake ae Rgrt ^gP)

Ikr 6 hmemrgtkrs? <2 + : (irk` Tgfcm 72.7) 0 <: dFG

72.76. (g) `gjlaem 7 <9 dF

`gjlaem 6 -<2 dF9 dF dF 0 7.2

<9 1:+ 7.2 + 7.2<8.2 dF 14.2 dF

`gjlaem : 1:.2 `gjlaem 4 82.2 dF

9 dF dF 0 7.2 64.2 dF dF 0 emhc.

Tlmrmikrm, jk`faemd ekasm cmvmc as 14 dFG.

(f) Iarst wm dmtmràem tlm jk`faemd ekasm cmvmc ki `gjlaems 7, 6, ged4. `gjlaems 7 ged 6? <8 dFG (irk` pgrt ^gP gfkvm)`gjlaem 4 gt 82dFG as ki emhcahafcm jkesmqumejm saejm tlm daiimrmejm (<8 - 82 0 78dF) dkms ekt gppmgr ae Tgfcm 72.7.

KZLG <-lr RMC 0 12 dFG

Zk `gjlaem : jge gdd kecy 12 - <8 0 : dF tk tlm mxpksurm. Irk` Tgfcm72.7 (kr fy tlm Vucm ki Tlu`f) wm nekw tlgt : dF grm gddmd wlme tlmskued kutputs ki twk skurjms grm mqugc (2 dF daiimrmejm). Tlmrmikrm`gjlaem : ekasm ùst fm rmdujmd tk <8 dFG, mquavgcmet tk tlm jk`faemdkutputs ki `gjlaems 7, 6, ged 4. Tlas jkestatutms g rmdujtake ki 1: -<8 0 9 dF irk` tlm jurrmet ekasm kutput ki `gjlaem :.

9 dF 0 6 x : dF sk tlm gfskcutm ekasm kutput ki `gjlaem : ùst fmlgcvmd twajm, kr rmdujmd fy g igjtkr ki 4.

Tlus tlm krahaegc dastgejm ki = immt irk` `gjlaem : tk tlm wkrnmr ùstfm aejrmgsmd tk rmdujm tlm skued fy g igjtkr ki 4. Tlm skued aetmesatyas rmdujmd gs tlm squgrm ki tlm dastgejm, sk

=6/d6 0 7/4



d6 0 =6 x 4 0 6= x 4 0 722

d 0 72 immt

Ektm tlgt wm lgvm dkufcmd tlm dastgejm irk` = immt tk 72 immt ged tlmrmsuctget skued as tlus rmdujmd fy g igjtkr ki 4.

72.7:. (7) Jlgehm tlm prkjmss tlgt prkdujms tlm jketgàeget(6) Jlgehm tlm `gtmragcs usmd ae tlm prkjmss

72.74. "@gnmup gar" as gar tk rmpcgjm tlm mxlgustmd gar ae g vmetacgtake

systm`.

72.7=. Zaejm tlm daiimrmejm fmtwmme 11dF ged 9=dF as sk hrmgt, tlm fgjnhrkuedekasm jge fm jkesadmrmd gs emhcahafcm. Zk wm lgvm

11 dF ikr 72 `gjlaems-:19 dF ikr = `gjlaems-:1: dF ikr 6.= `gjlaems-:12 dF ikr 7.6= `gjlaems

Tlmrmikrm, 1 `gjlaems wkucd lgvm tk fm slut dkwe tk `mmt tlm 12 dFstgedgrd.

72.79. Tlm == dF g`famet ekasm cmvmc as g emhcahafcm jketrafutake tk tlm tktgcekasm cmvmc wlme tlm `gjlaem as ke. Tlmrmikrm tlm ekasm cmvmc wkucd

dmjrmgsm gjjkrdaeh tk tlm squgrm ki tlm dastgejm ki tlm `gjlaem?

Gfs. skued cmvmc gt : it 766 744Vgtak 0 ----------------------------- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 79

Gfs. skued cmvmc gt 76 it :6 1

Zk tlm gfskcutm skued cmvmc wacc dmjrmgsm fy g igjtkr ki 79. Zaejm 790 64, tlm skued cmvmc wacc fm jut ae lgci 4 ta`ms. Mvmry ta`m tlmgfskcutm ekasm cmvmc as lgcvmd, tlm skued cmvmc dmjrmgsms fy : dF.Tlmrmikrm, gitmr tlm `gjlaem as `kvmd tk g dastgejm ki 76 immt, tlm ZC@wacc rmgd 12 dF - (4x: dF) 0 8< dF.

72.78. 62% x 12 tkes x 6222 cfs0 :9222 cfs. (caquad)

tke

Ygpkr rmcmgsmd 0

:9222 cfs

x 4=2 0 7=8,6<6 it

:

72: cfs/it:

RMC (jlckraem) 0 7 pp` (Gppmedax G.7)

Ygpkr rmcmgsmd3 RMC ki 7 pp`

Vkk` vkcu`m

7=8,6<6 it:/vkc 3 72-9

Ykc 57=8,6<6 it:

72-9

Ykc 5 7=8,6<6 x 729 it:

Ykc 5 7.=8 x 72

77

it

:

Ickkr Zpgjm (ae squgrm àcms) 0Ykcu`m x ^ 7 àcmP6

Jmacaeh Lmahlt ^=6<2 itP6

0 7.=8 x 7277 :2 x =6<26

0 .=6: x 7272 0 7<< squgrm àcms=.6<6 x 729



72.7<. (g) dF lrs<9 7<4 6<7 7

727 78= :

<

]saeh Tgfcm 72.6?e Je 7 6 7 7

D 0 722 ----- 0 722 ----- + ----- + ----- + ---- 0 <2.48%a07 Te 7:.1 7<.4 68.1 7.8

Zaejm <2.48% 3 722, RMC as ekt mxjmmdmd.(f) yms (saejm <2.48% 5 =2%)(j) yms(d) ek (uecmss tlm m`pckymm lgs mxpmramejmd g pmr`gemet tlrmslkcd

slait)(m) Gitmrekke> tlm 727 dFG jketrafutms `krm tlge gcc ktlmr mxpksurmsjk`faemd. Jk`pgraske as gs ikcckws?

Jut skued ae `kreaeh? <9 -- <:> <4 -- <7> <7 -- 8<

e Je 7 6 7

D 0 722 --- 0 722 ---- + ---- + ---- 0 82.8:%a07 Te 67.7 68.1 7.8

Jut skued ae gitmrekke?e Je 7 6 7 7

D 0 722 --- 0 722 ---- + ---- + ---- + ---- 0 92.77%a07 Te 7:.1 7<.4 68.1 6.9

72.71. 6 Mejcksm tlm ekasm skurjm watl g fgrramr tlgt rmdujms tlm ekasmcmvmc fy =2%.

7 Rksatake tlm kpmrgtkr gt g dastgejm twajm gs igr irk` tlm skurjmki tlm ekasm.

: Vktgtm pmrskeemc sk tlgt mgjl wkrnmr as mxpksmd tk tlm ekasmskurjm ikr kecy kem-lgci slait.

4 Rrkvadm mgr prktmjtake tlgt juts tlm ekasm cmvmc fy kem lgci.

@kvaeh tlm kpmrgtkr gwgy (twajm gs igr) irk` tlm ekasm as fmst fmjgusmtlas jlgehm wacc rmdujm tlm ekasm mxpksurm fy g igjtkr ki 4 (9 df),

wlmrmgs tlm ktlmr tlrmm gctmregtavms kecy rmdujm tlm ekasm mxpksurm fyg igjtkr ki 6 (: df rmdujtake rmdujms tlm gfskcutm skued prmssurm fy gigjtkr ki 6). Zmjked ae prakraty as tlm fgrramr fmjgusm at wkucd fmjkesadmrmd ge mehaemmraeh jketrkc. Tlard ae prakraty wkucd fm rktgtaehpmrskeemc, ge gdàeastrgtavm kr "wkrn prgjtajm" jketrkc. Cgst aeprakraty wkucd fm mgr prktmjtkrs, wlajl wkucd rmprmsmet pmrskegcprktmjtavm mquap`met.

72.62. RMC cafmrgtmd =---- 0 --------- 0 ---729 mxlgust M

=(729) =(729)M 0 -------- 0 ------- 0 =,222 it:/lr

RMC 7222

72.67. Aestmgd ki sacajg (ikr fcgstaeh), usm stmmc slkt.Aestmgd ki cmgd-fgsmd pgaet, usm arke kxadm pah`mets.Aestmgd ki irmke (gs g prkpmccget), usm prkpgem.Aestmgd ki gjmtycmem (ikr wmcdaeh), usm egturgc hgs, ai icg`mtm`pmrgturm as lkt mekuhl.

72.66. Kitme kpmrgtaeh pmrskeemc ahekrm sujl gcgr`s gs rmd cahlts. Mvme wlmetlm gcgr` as ge gudafcm typm, kpmrgtkrs ged/kr `gaetmegejm pmrskeemc`gy ahekrm tlm sahegcs kr mvme dmcafmrgtmcy dasjkeemjt tlm waraeh tktlm gcgr`s gs ge mxpmdamejy.

72.6:. Tlm purpksm as tk sgvm memrhy jksts fy gcckwaeh tlm trgesimr ki memrhyfmtwmme mxlgust gar ged `gnmup gar, tlgt as, irk` mxlgust gar tk `gnmupgar ae tlm waetmr `ketls ged irk` `gnmup gar tk mxlgust gar ae tlmsu``mr `ketls. Tlm `mtlkd as mspmjagccy miimjtavm ae jkcd jca`gtms aewlajl ùjl memrhy as ckst vag mxlgust gar. Tlm drgwfgjn tk tlm



gpprkgjl as tlgt at pcgjms jketgàegtmd gar ae jcksm prkxaàty tk jcmge`gnmup gar. Ai tlmrm grm cmgns ae tlm lmgt mxjlgehmr, jrkss-jketgàegtake jge rmsuct.

72.64. Mxlgust vmetacgtake as fmaeh usmd watl aesuiiajamet skurjms ki `gnmupgar, prkfgfcy dum tk tlm emmd tk kpme sk`m waedkws kr dkkrs.

72.6=. \-rgys

72.69. (g) Ikr tlm dmsahe ki g vmetacgtake systm` tk prktmjt ghgaest sgimtylgzgrds tlm gpprkpragtm plysajgc jlgrgjtmrastaj as CMC, "ckwmrmxpcksavm caàt," wlajl, ikr mtlycmem hcyjkc, as :.6%. Tlm vmetacgtake

systm` ùst aetrkdujm suiiajamet `gnmup gar tk `gaetgae g dacutake kitlm mtlycmem hcyjkc tk cmss tlge :.6%. Gctlkuhl g cgrhm rkk` sazmàhlt gjjk``kdgtm tlm jketgàegtake ikr g slkrt pmrakd, ae tlm ckeh ruetlm vmetacgtake systm` ùst nmmp up watl tlm rgtm ki jketgàegtakeprkdujmd fy tlm prkjmss, rmhgrdcmss ki tlm da`mesakes ki tlm gar vkcu`mwatlae tlm pcget. Tlmrmikrm,

6.4 it: 0 :.6%vmet

vmet 0 642/:.6 0 8= it:/lr

(f) Tk dmgc watl tlm lmgctl lgzgrd tlm vmetacgtake systm` ùst nmmp tlmjkejmetrgtake ki mtlycmem hcyjkc gt cmgst fmckw tlm RMC ged slkucd fmdmsahemd tk nmmp at fmckw tlm gjtake cmvmc. Tlm RMC ikr mtlycmemhcyjkc as slkwe ae tlm prkfcm` stgtm`met tk fm =2 pp` (jmacaeh)7, sk tlmGC gt =2% ki tlm RMC as 6= pp`. Tlmrmikrm,

6.4 it: 0 6= pp` 0 2.22226=vmet

vmet 0 6422222/6= 0 19222 it:/lr

(j) Gctlkuhl tlm rkk` vkcu`m ki tlm pcget wkucd ekt giimjt tlm dmsaheki tlm hmemrgc dacutake vmetacgtake systm` tk dmgc watl tlm mtlycmemhcyjkc lgzgrd, at wkucd dmtmràem lkw `gey rkk` jlgehms pmr lkur tlmvmetacgtake systm` wkucd miimjt, gs ikcckws?

Vkk` jlgehms/lr 0 vmet pmr lr/ Vkk` gar vkcu`m

0 19222 it:/lr 0 2.=76222 it6 x 79 it

72.68. Rcge G? Dkufcaeh tlm dastgejm rmdujms tlm gfskcutm skued prmssurm fy g

igjtkr ki 4. Tlm dF cmvmc as tlus rmdujmd fy lgci twajm (6 x : 0 9dF). Emw dF rmgdaeh 0 19 - 9 0 12 dF.

Rcge F? Vmdujaeh tlm gfskcutm skued prmssurm fy 8=% wkucd rmsuct ae gemw gfskcutm skued prmssurm ki 6=% (kr kem-ikurtl) ki tlm kcd gfskcutmskued prmssurm. Tlmrmikrm Rcge F, canm Rcge G, as gcsk g rmdujtake fyg igjtkr ki 4 kr g 9 dF rmdujtake. Emw dF rmgdaeh 0 19 - 9 0 12 dF

Tlm twk pcges grm mqugccy miimjtavm ae tlgt mgjl rmdujms tlm ekasmcmvmc tk 12 dF. Ai fktl pcges wmrm m`pckymd gt tlm sg`m ta`m, mgjlpcge wkucd rmdujm tlm gfskcutm skued prmssurm fy g igjtkr ki 4,rmsuctaeh ae g 79-ikcd kvmrgcc rmdujtake. Ektm tlgt g 79-ikcdrmdujtake as g lgcvaeh ki tlm skued prmssurm ikur ta`ms (64 0 79). Mgjlta`m gfskcutm skued prmssurm as lgcvmd, skued cmvmc as rmdujmd fy : dF.Tlm skued cmvmc as tlus rmdujmd fy 76 dF (4x:dF 0 76dF). Emw dF

rmgdaeh 0 19-76 0 <4 dFG.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

72.6<. G prkimssakegc rmjk``medgtake tk tlas m`pckymr slkucd iarst mstgfcaslwlmtlmr tlm hmemrgc gsfmstks stgedgrd, 61 JIV 7172.7227, gppcams.Zufpgrghrgpls (g)(6) ged (g)(:) ki tlas stgedgrd mxjcudm jkestrujtakeged slap rmpgaraeh, slapfuacdaeh, ged slapfrmgnaeh ged ai tlm m`pckymras ae tlmsm aedustrams, ktlmr gppcajgfcm stgedgrds slkucd fm jkesuctmd.At as gssu`md ae tlas prkfcm` tlgt saejm ekem ki tlmsm spmjagc

aedustry jgtmhkrams wmrm `metakemd, tlm hmemrgc stgedgrd gppcams. Ae

7 Ektm tk Aestrujtkr? Gctlkuhl tlm RMC ikr mtlycmem hcyjkc as castmd ae tlm prkfcm` stgtm`met ikr Mxmrjasm

72.69 tk fm =2 pp`, KZLG casts tlm sufstgejm gs 6-@mtlkxymtlyc gjmtgtm ged jurrmetcy casts ats RMC gs 6= pp` (TXG)gs slkwe ae Gppmedax G.7 ki tlm tmxt. Ikr purpksms ki tlas mxmrjasm tlm skcutake gssu`ms g jmacaeh RMC ki =2 ppìkr tlas sufstgejm, gs stgtmd ae tlm prkfcm` stgtm`met.



sufpgrghrgpl (i) - @mtlkds ki Jk`pcagejm, tlm stgedgrd ikr tlm `kstpgrt pmràts matlmr mehaemmraeh jketrkcs kr wkrn prgjtajm jketrkcs tkfm usmd tk rmdujm tlm mxpksurm ki m`pckymms tk gjjmptgfcm cmvmcs.Lkwmvmr, tlm m`pckymr‑s gttmetake slkucd fm darmjtmd tk smvmrgcprkvasakes ki sufpgrghrgpl (i)(7) ki tlm stgedgrd tlgt spmjaiy jmrtgaemehaemmraeh jketrkcs ged prkdujtake prkjmdurms XLMTLMV KV EKTGD@AEAZTVGTAYM JKETVKCZ GVM ]ZMD GCZK. Jmrtgae gsfmstks kpmrgtakesVMW]AVM ckjgc mxlgust vmetacgtake, ae gjjkrdgejm watl7172.7227(i)(7)(av) ged (v). Zpmjaiajgccy, ckjgc mxlgust vmetacgtakeas rmquarmd ikr tlm usm ki ”lged-kpmrgtmd ged pkwmr-kpmrgtmd tkkcswlajl wkucd prkdujm kr rmcmgsm iafmrs ki gsfmstks, sujl gs, fut ektcaàtmd tk, sgws, sjkrmrs, gfrgsavm wlmmcs, ged draccs.’ Zujl ckjgc

mxlgust vmetacgtake as rmquarmd tk fm ”dmsahemd, jkestrujtmd,aestgccmd, ged `gaetgaemd ae gjjkrdgejm watl hkkd prgjtajms sujl gstlksm ikued ae tlm G`mrajge Egtakegc Ztgedgrd Iuedg`metgcs Hkvmreaehtlm Dmsahe ged Kpmrgtake ki Ckjgc Mxlgust Zystm`s, GEZA _1.6-7181.’Gektlmr mehaemmraeh jketrkc spmjaiamd fy tlm stgedgrd(7172.7227(i)(7)(va)) as wmt `mtlkds ”aeskigr gs prgjtajgfcm’ wlmemvmrgsfmstks as ”lgedcmd, àxmd, gppcamd, rm`kvmd, jut, sjkrmd, krktlmrwasm wkrnmd’ ae krdmr tk prmvmet tlm màssake ki garfkrem iafmrssk gs tk mxpksm m`pckymms tk cmvmcs ae mxjmss ki tlm TXG ged/krmxjursake caàt spmjaiamd fy tlm stgedgrd. Rgrtajucgr prkdujts gedkpmrgtakes rmquarm kem kr `krm MEHAEMMVAEH jketrkcs gs spmjaiamd fy7172.7227(i)(7)(vaaa). Zpmjaiajgccy, tlm rm`kvaeh ki gsfmstks ”irk`fghs, jgrtkes, kr ktlmr jketgaemrs ae wlajl tlmy grm slappmd’ rmquarmswmttaeh, mejcksurm, kr vmetacgtake ”sk gs tk prmvmet miimjtavmcy tlmrmcmgsm ki garfkrem iafmrs.’ Zpmjagc mehaemmraeh jketrkc prmjgutakesgrm spmjaiamd ikr tlm usm ki jk`prmssmd gar ikr rm`kvgc ki gsfmstks kr`gtmragcs jketgaeaeh gsfmstks (7172.7227(i)(7)(ax)). Fgsajgccy,

jk`prmssmd gar as prklafatmd ikr tlas purpksm, uecmss g vmetacgtakesystm` as prkpmrcy mehaemmrmd tk miimjtavmcy jgpturm tlm dust jckudjrmgtmd fy tlm jk`prmssmd gar. Zgedaeh gsfmstks-jketgaeaeh ickkr`gtmragc as prklafatmd fy 7172.7227(i)(7)(x). Gektlmr `mtlkd ùst fmmehaemmrmd tk rmpcgjm tlm sgedaeh kpmrgtakes. Tlmrm grm dmtgacmdrmquarm`mets ikr frgnm ged jcutjl rmpgar kpmrgtakes> tlmsm rmquarm`metsgrm spmjaiamd ae Gppmedax I ki tlm stgedgrd. Kitme tlm m`pckymr usmsm`pckymm rktgtake gs g wkrn prgjtajm jketrkc tk rmdujm m`pckymmmxpksurm tk `gxaù` gjjmptgfcm ta`m-wmahltmd gvmrghm mxpksurm cmvmcs,fut ikr gsfmstks kpmrgtakes, m`pckymm rktgtake tk gjlamvm jk`pcagejm asekt ge kptake. KZLG stgedgrd 7172.7227(i)(6)(av) spmjaiams tlgt ”tlmm`pckymr slgcc ekt usm m`pckymm rktgtake gs g `mges ki jk`pcagejm watltlm TXG ged/kr mxjursake caàt.’ Tlmsm grm saheaiajget drgwfgjns tktlm gdàeastrgtavm (wkrn-prgjtajm) jketrkc strgtmhams, ged `geghm`metslkucd fm `gdm gwgrm ki tlmsm drgwfgjns.

72.61. KZLG stgedgrd 7172.7227(l)(:)(aa) mxprmsscy prklafats ”tlm rm`kvgc ki

gsfmstks irk` prktmjtavm jcktlaeh ged mquap`met fy fckwaeh kr slgnaeh.’

72.:2. Tlm Cmgd Aedustrams Gsskjagtake wgs okaemd fy tlm Fgttmry JkuejacAetmregtakegc gckeh watl tlm Kjjupgtakegc Zgimty ged LmgctlGdàeastrgtake ae g vkcuetgry aeatagtavm tk prktmjt tlm lmgctl ki cmgdwkrnmrs. Tlas aeatagtavm wgs geekuejmd ke Kjtkfmr :2, 7119 (]ZDC EmwsVmcmgsm 19-4=8)? ”Vmprmsmetgtavms ki :: jk`pgeams, tlm vgst `gokratyki `m`fmrs ae tlm twk gsskjagtakes, lgvm ghrmmd tk tlm prkhrg`. Tlmjk`pgeams lgvm 62,222 wkrnmrs ae sujl aedustrams gs fgttmry`geuigjturaeh, cmgd s`mctaeh, cmgd jlmàjgcs, igfrajgtake usaeh cmgd,ged skcdmr `geuigjturaeh.’

Twk tgrhmts wmrm admetaiamd, gs ikcckws?

KZLG Aedustrams‑ Zpmj Tgrhmt Aeatagtavm

Trahhmr fckkd cmvmc ikr rmckjgtake ki =2 àjrkhrg`s 42àjrkhrg`swkrnmrs tk ge grmg ae wlajl cmgdmxpksurm as cmss tlge tlm :2 àjrkhrg`spmr jufaj `mtmr gjtake cmvmc(pmr 722 hrg`s ki wlkcm fckkd)

Fckkd cmvmc tgrhmt ikr rmture tk wkrn 42 àjrkhrg`s :=àjrkhrg`s(pmr 722 hrg`s ki wlkcm fckkd)

Fktl ki tlm gfkvm tgrhmts wmrm sjlmducmd ikr g =-ymgr plgsm-ae watl tlmrmckjgtake tgrhmt tk dmjrmgsm gt tlm rgtm ki 6 àjrkhrg`s pmr ymgr gedtlm rmture-tk-wkrn tgrhmt tk dmjrmgsm gt tlm rgtm ki 7 àjrkhrg` pmrymgr uetac tlm =-ymgr tgrhmts grm rmgjlmd.



72.:7. Irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm, tlm hmemrgc aedustry aedustragc ekasm stgedgrd

as ikued tk fm KZLG stgedgrd 7172.1=. Tlas stgedgrd jketgaes prkvasakesikr mxpksurm tk mxjmssavm ekasm pcus prkvasakes ikr `keatkraeh, lmgraehjkesmrvgtake prkhrg`s, ged pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met. Tlm EJ@dgtgfgsm slkws tlgt KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.1= wgs jatmd 669= ta`ms ikrtlm iasjgc ymgr, ged tlgt 76<: ki tlmsm jatgtakes wmrm dmsahegtmd gs aetlm ”smrakus’ jgtmhkry. Tlus, tlm pmrjmetghm ki smrakus vakcgtakes as76<:/669= 0 gpprkxa`gtmcy =8%. Tlm tktgc dkccgr g`kuet ki tlm pmegctamsprkpksmd ikr tlm gccmhmd vakcgtakes wgs $7,=4<,41<, ikr ge gvmrghmpmegcty pmr jatgtake ki gpprkxa`gtmcy $9<4.

72.:6. ]saeh tlm nmywkrd smgrjl jgpgfacaty ki tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm, smgrjlaeh ketlm tmr` *mxlgust lkkd* rmtures g tgfucgtake ki 766 jatgtakes kivgrakus stgedgrds. Ki tlmsm 766 jatgtakes, 779 wmrm jcgssaiamd gs”smrakus.’ Tlus, tlm smrakus jatgtakes rmprmsmetmd 779/766 0gpprkxa`gtmcy 1=% ki tlm tktgc.

72.::. ]saeh tlm KZLG wmfsatm, tlm rmcmvget prkvasakes ki tlm KZLG ekasmstgedgrd grm castmd gckeh watl tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtakes ged tlmeu`fmr ki smrakus jatgtakes ikr Iasjgc Qmgr 6226, gs dmtmràemd irk`tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm?

Tktgc jatgtakesZmrakusjatgtakes

Gudak`mtraj tmstaeh

7172.1=(h) =26 614

7172.1=(l) 6 2

7172.1=(`)(6) =: 7=

7172.1=(`)(:)(aa) 7 7

7172.1=(e)(7) 7 2Lmgraeh jkesmrvgtakeprkhrg`s

7172.1=j = :

7172.1=j7 =22 :2:

Tktgcs 7294 979

Hmemrgc vmetacgtake stgedgrd

7172.14 627 7=1

Tlm gjtake cmvmc trahhmr ikr gudak`mtraj tmstaeh ged lmgraehjkesmrvgtake prkhrg`s as <= dmjafmcs.Jk`putaeh tlm pmrjmetghm ki jatgtakes tlgt grm jcgssaiamd gs smrakus,usaeh tlm tktgc iahurms gckem?

Gudak`mtraj tmstaeh ged lmgraeh jkesmrvgtake?

979/7294 0 gpprkxa`gtmcy =< pmrjmet

Hmemrgc vmetacgtake stgedgrd?

7=1/627 0 gpprkxa`gtmcy 81 pmrjmet

KZLG jatms tlm ekasm stgedgrd `krm irmqumetcy, fut tlm vmetacgtake

stgedgrd hmemrgtms g lahlmr pmrjmetghm ki ”smrakus’ jatgtakes.




77.7. G ickgtaeh rkki as usmd ke `gey pmtrkcmu` tgens. Tlm rkki rasms gedigccs watl tlm cmvmc ki tlm caquad, sk tlgt tlm tgen dkms ekt rmquarmvmetaeh. Tlas sgvms vgpkr ckssms ged gcsk melgejms sgimty.

77.6. Qms, ai tlm qugetaty ki mxpcksavms dkms ekt mxjmmd =2 pkueds. G JcgssAA `ghgzaem jge stkrm gey typm ki mxpcksavm. At as rmstrajtmd fy kecytlm g`kuet ki mxpcksavm stkrmd ae at. Iaity pkueds kr cmss `gy fmstkrmd ae g Jcgss AA `ghgzaem.

77.:. Ge gjrkey` wlajl stgeds ikr fkacaeh caquad mxpgedaeh vgpkr mxpcksake.

77.4. Tlm tmr`s ”cahlt’ ged ”lmgvy’ rmimr tk ”vkcgtacaty’ kr lkw rmgdacy gcaquad wacc mvgpkrgtm. Ykcgtacaty as jcksmcy rmcgtmd tk fkacaeh pkaet.”Cahlt’ aedajgtms lahl vkcgtacaty, sk cahlt kacs wacc mvgpkrgtm `krm

rmgdacy tlge lmgvy kacs.

77.=. Hgskcaem Mtlyc Gcjklkc

Icg``gfcm rgehm? 7.4 tk 8.9% vgpkrs 4 tk 62% vgpkrs

G dru` ki gcjklkc wkucd lgvm g ùjl hrmgtmr lgzgrd pktmetagc tlge kemjketgaeaeh hgskcaem fmjgusm g ùjl wadmr rgehm ki gcjklkcjkejmetrgtakes ae gar grm furegfcm.

77.9. Gjmtkem icg``gfacaty ckwmr caàt :% vgpkr jkejmetrgtake.

6 hgc. ki caq. x 47 it: vgpkr 0 <6 it: vgpkrlr. hgc. ki caq. lr.

Cmt x 0 g`kuet ki gar emmdmd tk `gaetgae cmss tlge :% gjmtkem vgpkr.

<6/x 3 :/722

x 5 <6(722)/:

x 5 68:: it:/lr

Ykcu`m ki rkk` 0 1 x 76 x 72 0 72<2 it:

68:: it:/lr 0 6.=: ta`ms/lr72<2 it:

77.8. Tlmrm wacc fm sprgy pgaet rmsadums gjjuùcgtmd tlrkuhlkut tlm grmg aecgrhm qugetatams.

77.<. Gutk`gtaj spraencmr systm`s grm rmquarmd ikr iaxmd mcmjtrkstgtaj pgaetsprgyaeh systm`s wlmrm tlas prktmjtake as gvgacgfcm.

77.1. Dap tgen jkvmrs grm rmquarmd tk fm "nmpt jcksmd wlme tgens grm ekt aeusm." Gutk`gtaj jcksurm as ekt rmquarmd.

77.72. Tlm trgespkrtgtake ged stkrghm ki CRH ae ats caquad stgtm ae tgensaetrkdujm lgzgrds ekt prmsmet ikr egturgc hgs. Tlm tgens grm sufomjttk FCMYM ae iarms. CRH as lmgvamr tlge gar, jgusaeh at tk jkccmjt aeckw grmgs aestmgd ki quajncy daspmrsaeh gs dkms egturgc hgs (`mtlgem),wlajl as cahltmr tlge gar. Tlm caquad stgtm ki CRH gcsk jge jgusm snaeged icmsl fures irk` tlm mxtrm`m jkcd wlme tlm CRH as rmcmgsmd irk` atstgen kr jkeemjtakes.

77.77. Iarm mxtaehuaslmrs jge fm usmiuc ikr mxtaehuaslaeh s`gcc iarms fmikrmtlmy jgusm aheatake ki CRH tgens. Kejm tlm CRH aheatms, lkwmvmr, iarm

mxtaehuaslmrs grm usmcmss ikr iahltaeh tlm iarm. Rrkimssakegc iarm-iahltmrs usm cgrhm qugetatams ki wgtmr tk iahlt CRH iarms.

77.76. ]saeh tlm pgaet sprgy grmg gs g dryaeh grmg jge rgasm tlm tm`pmrgturmcmvmc ki tlm pgaet rmsadums ged gcsk tlm cmvmc ki icg``gfcm vgpkrs aetlm gar, aejrmgsaeh tlm iarm lgzgrd. Tlm stgedgrds prklafat tlm usm kig pgaet sprgy grmg gs g dryaeh grmg uecmss tlm grrgehm`met dkms ekt"jgusm g `gtmragc aejrmgsm ae tlm surigjm tm`pmrgturm ki tlm sprgyfkktl, rkk`, kr mejcksurm.

77.7:. Tlm nmy tk tlm skcutake ki tlas prkfcm` as tk rmjkheazm tlgt tlmkfomjtavm watl hmemrgc mxlgust vmetacgtake as tk `gaetgae gdmqugtmvmetacgtake cmvmcs tk aetrkdujm suiiajamet `gnmup gar tk nmmp tlmjketgàeget rmcmgsm watlae caàts. Vkk` sazm (vkcu`m) `gnms gdaiimrmejm gt iarst fut dkms ekt giimjt tlm ckeh-rue skcutake tk`gaetgaeaeh jketgàeget cmvmcs fmckw caàts.



(g) Ikr dmgcaeh watl sgimty lgzgrds tlm kfomjtavm as tk nmmp jgrfkedasuciadm cmvmcs fmckw tlm ckwmr icg``gfcm caàt, wlajl wgs stgtmd aetlm prkfcm` stgtm`met tk fm 7.:%

Cmt x 0 tlm rmquarmd vmetacgtake cmvmc?

: it:/lr 0 2.27:x

x 0 :/2.27: 0 6:7 it:/lr

(f) Ikr dmgcaeh watl lmgctl lgzgrds tlm kfomjtavm as tk nmmp jgrfkedasuciadm cmvmcs fmckw tlm <-lr TXG RMC? 62 pp`

Cmt y 0 tlm rmquarmd vmetacgtake cmvmc?

: it:/lr 0 2.222262y

y 0 :/2.222262 0 7=2,222 it:/lr

(j) Tlm icgslpkaet ki jgrfke dasuciadm as slkwe ae tlm prkfcm`stgtm`met tk fm -66 kI, ged tlm fkacaeh pkaet as 49.=kJ. Tlm icgslpkaetadmetaiams tlm caquad gs Jcgss A. Tlm fkacaeh pkaet as jkevmrtmd tkIglrmelmat gs ikcckws?

F.R. (Iglrmelmat) 0 49.= kJ x 1/= + :6 k 0 77=.8 kI

Zaejm tlm fkacaeh pkaet as hrmgtmr tlge 722k

I, jgrfke dasuciadm asjcgssaiamd gs g Jcgss AG caquad. (Zmm Iahurm 77.7)

77.74. Ek daiimrmejm. Gektlmr eg`m ikr Jcgss A caquads as ”icg``gfcmcaquads.’

77.7=. Tlm dgehmr ki tlm ”m`pty’ hgskcaem dru` as tlgt tlm vgpkrs lgvm tlaeemdtk tlm pkaet tlgt tlmy `gy fm watlae tlm furegfcm rgehm, a.m., cmsstlge tlm ]MC fut stacc hrmgtmr tlge tlm CMC. Ae g iucc tgen kihgskcaem tlm vgpkrs grm vartugccy jmrtgae tk fm ae hrmgtmrjkejmetrgtake tlge tlm ]MC. Ikr jgrfke dasuciadm, lkwmvmr, tlm rgehmki furegfcm jkejmetrgtakes as ùjl hrmgtmr. Tlm CMC ikr jgrfkedasuciadm as 7.:% ged tlm ]MC as =2%, g rgehm ki 4<.8%. Ikr hgskcaemtlm rgehm as ùjl egrrkwmr gt 9.6% (8.9% ]MC - 7.4% CMC 0 9.6%).

77.79. Tlm lgzgrd as tlgt tlm vgpkr dmesaty ki hgskcaem as hrmgtmr tlge tlgtki gar. Tlm lmgvamr hgskcaem vgpkrs wacc tmed tk daspcgjm tlm gar ged

jkccmjt ae tlm fgsm`mets ki smrvajm stgtakes, jrmgtaeh dgehmrkusjkejmetrgtakes.

77.78. Nmrksmem as jk`fustafcm ged tlmrmikrm lgs g lahlmr icgslpkaet tlgehgskcaem. Gt tlm sg`m tm`pmrgturms, hgskcaem as ùjl `krm dgehmrkusged aheatgfcm. Lkwmvmr, ai tlm nmrksmem as lmgtmd, at jge fmjk`m mvme`krm dgehmrkus ged aheatgfcm tlge hgskcaem.

77.7<. Mtlyc `mrjgptge as g stmejlaeh ghmet gddmd tk prkpgem tk igjacatgtmcmgn gwgrmemss ged dmtmjtake.

77.71. At‑s KN tk rmiumc ikrncait trujns watl tlm mehaem stacc rueeaeh, ai tlmikrncait as CRH-pkwmrmd. Tlas as dmspatm tlm igjt tlgt imdmrgcstgedgrds prklafat rmiumcaeh ki ikrncait trujns wlacm tlm mehaem asstacc rueeaeh ai tlm iumcaeh kpmrgtake aevkcvms vmetaeh tk tlmgt`ksplmrm. CRH rmiumcaeh dkms ekt rmquarm vmetaeh tk tlm gt`ksplmrm.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

77.62. Ryrkhme. Vmi Aetmremt wmfsatm? lttp?//www.pyrkhme.jk`/

IM-647 as g caqumiamd jk`prmssmd hgs saàcgr tk Lgcke. At as jcgssaiamdgs "jcmge ghmet", `mgeaeh at cmgvms ek rmsadum gs g rmsuct ki tlm ghmetatsmci. Ats jlmàjgc eg`m as Jlckrktmtrgicukrkmtlgem. Canm Lgcke, atjlmàjgccy aetmimrms watl tlm jk`fustake prkjmss ikr iarmmxtaehuasl`met. Vmi Aetmremt wmfsatm?

lttp?//www.iarmfky-xaetmx.jk`

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LgcktrkeΩ A? Lgcktrke, Aej. `geuigjturms mevarke`metgccy gjjmptgfcmjcmge (cmgvaeh ek rmsadum) iarm mxtaehuaslaeh ghmets, aejcudaehLgcktrkeΩ A, wlajl grm rmpcgjm`mets ikr tlm lgckes. Ae dmvmckpmdjkuetrams, prkdujtake ki Lgckes 7677 ged 7:27 wgs stkppmd ke Ogeugry 7,7114.Vmi Aetmremt wmfsatm?

lttp?lgcktrke-aej.jk`

@ajrkfcgzm Kut? @ajrkfagc iarmiahltaeh ghmet. Vmi? Aetmremt wmfsatm?

lttp?//www.àjrk-fcgzm.jk`

77.67. Tlm Zlmpgrdsvaccm, Nmetujny trgae dmrgac`met aevkcvmd ge <1-jgr irmahlttrgae jgrryaeh lgzgrdkus `gtmragcs ged mxpcksavms. Tlm trgaemddmrgacmd ged lurtcmd aetk tlm Zgct Vavmr ae tlas s`gcc tkwegpprkxa`gtmcy 62 àcms skutl ki Ckuasvaccm. Tlm tkwe ki `krm tlge7,222 pkpucgtake wgs mvgjugtmd tk g Vmd Jrkss slmctmr gt g emgrfyjkuety igarhrkueds. Zmvmrgc trgae jgrs wmrm smt ke iarm. Kem jgr tlgtwgs ekt fureaeh, fut wgs jcksm tk gektlmr fureaeh jgr, jketgaemd@mtlycmem Daplmeyc Daaskjygegtm. Tlas jlmàjgc as ekt kecy icg``gfcm>at as mxtrm`mcy pkaskekus ged as jlmàjgccy saàcgr tk tlm Daaskjygegtmtlgt wgs rmcmgsmd ae Flkpgc, Aedag watl dasgstrkus rmsucts. Iarm geddasgstmr kiiajagcs wmrm imgriuc tlgt tlm iarmiahltmrs wkucd fmmedgehmrmd ged dmjcaemd tk smed tlm` aetk tlm a``mdagtm grmg ki tlmiarm. Gektlmr jkejmre wgs FCMYM. G FCMYM ki g `gtmragc tlgt as fktlpkaskekus ged icg``gfcm jkucd fm g dasgstrkus mvmet, fut tlmrm as tlm

pkssafacaty tlgt tlm fureaeh tlgt tgnms pcgjm ae g FCMYM jkucd smrvm tkjkesu`m tlm `gtmragc ae qumstake kr emutrgcazm ats tkxaj miimjts. Tlmprkfcm` as tlgt sk`m ki tlm `gtmragc àhlt ekt fm jk`pcmtmcy jkesu`mdfy tlm FCMYM, ged tlm pktmetagccy dmgdcy, pgrtagccy dmstrkymd, fy-prkdujts ki tlm jk`fustake wkucd fm rmcmgsmd ged mvme iurtlmr daspmrsmdaetk tlm gar. Vmimrmejm skurjm? Tlm gfkvm igjts wmrm hgtlmrmd irk` tlmAetmremt ae 711< gt ”M@MVHMEJQEMT EMXZ’ 77-71-17 6:22 JZT. Gt tlm ta`mki pufcajgtake ki tlas Zkcutakes @geugc tlm Aetmremt ]VC jketgaeaeh tlmpgrtajucgrs ke tlas gjjadmet wgs ek ckehmr gvgacgfcm ke tlm Aetmremt.Tlm daiiajucty ikr studmets wlk grm gssahemd tlas rmsmgrjl mxmrjasm assufstgetagccy aejrmgsmd dum tk tlm uegvgacgfacaty ki tlas ]VC ke tlmAetmremt. Aestrujtkrs slkucd tgnm tlas aetk jkesadmrgtake ae `gnaehgssahe`mets tk studmets.

77.66. Tlm tgen grrgehm`met as pkkrcy dmsahemd. Tgen #7 as spcgsl ckgdmd, futg `krm smrakus dmsahe prkfcm` gjtugccy jgusmd tlas gjjadmet. Tlm tgenaetmrjkeemjtake gt tlm fkttk` as quajncy a``mrsmd ae caquad gs skke gs

iaccaeh fmhaes. Tlas ikrjms tgen #6 tk iacc fmikrm tgen #7. Fmjgusmtlmrm as ek smpgrgtm vmet ikr tgen #7, g fuffcm ki gar ae tgen #7prmvmets ats iaccaeh, ged wlme tgen #6 as iucc, at stgrts tk kvmrickwirk` tlm vmet papm wlme kecy 6=2 hgcckes lgvm fmme dmcavmrmd. Tlmcgrhm, uemxpmjtmd spacc tlrkuhl tlm vmet papm wgs tlm praejapgc jgusmki tlm mxpcksake.Tlm icgslpkaet ki tmtrglydrkiurge as 9 dmhrmms Iglrmelmat. (rmi.Lgedfkkn ki Krhgeaj Aedustragc Zkcvmets, Gccagejm ki G`mrajge Aesurmrs,71<7)

77.6:. Tlm sax irmqumetcy vakcgtmd jkedatakes grm dmsjrafmd fy smvmrgcprkvasakes ki tlm KZLG stgedgrd. Irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm tlm vgrakusprkvasakes ki KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.728 ‚ Zprgy iaeaslaeh rmcmvget tktlm sax grmgs grm castmd fmckw, watl jatgtake jkuets slkwe ikr mgjl.Tlm skurjm ki tlm jatgtake jkuets as tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm.

Mcmjtrajgc waraeh ikr lgzgrdkus ckjgtakes?

7172.728(j)(4) ‚ 76 jatgtakes7172.728(j)(=) ‚ == jatgtakes7172.728(j)(9) ‚ 79= jatgtakes

ikr g tktgc ki 6:6 jatgtakes

Mxlgust gar iactmr dmiajamejams?

7172.728(f)(=)(a) ‚ 69< jatgtakes7172.728(f)(=)(aa) ‚ 1 jatgtakes7172.728(f)(=)(av) ‚ 771 jatgtakes7172.728(f)(=)(va) ‚ 7 jatgtakes

ikr g tktgc ki :18 jatgtakes

Jcmgeaeh ged rmsadum daspksgc?

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7172.728(h)(6) ‚ 711 jatgtakes7172.728(h)(:) ‚ 94 jatgtakes

gcsk,7172.728(f)(1) (gjjmssafacaty ikr jcmgeaeh) ‚ 74< jatgtakes

ikr g tktgc ki 477 jatgtakes

Wugetatams ki `gtmragc ae stkrghm?7172.728(m)(6) ‚ 749 jatgtakes


Hrkuedaeh ki jketgaemrs?

7172.728(m)(1) ‚ 14 jatgtakesgcsk,7172.728(a)(9) (hmemrgc hrkuedaeh, aejc jketgaemrs) ‚ 4 jatgtakes

ikr g tktgc ki 1< jatgtakes

EK Z@KNAEH sahes?7172.728(h)(8) ‚ 1: jatgtakes7172.728(`)(6) ‚ : jatgtakes


Tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtakes ki gccmhmd vakcgtakes ki tlm rmcmvgetprkvasakes?

6:6 + :18 + 477 + 749 + 1< + 19 0 7:<2 jatgtakes

Tlm tktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtakes ki gccmhmd vakcgtakes ikr tlm metarm

sprgy iaeaslaeh stgedgrd (KZLG stgedgrd 7172.728) 0 62=<

Tlmrmikrm, tlm jatgtakes ikr tlm ”tkp sax’ irmqumetcy jatmd jkedatakesrmprmsmets 7:<2/62=< 0 gpprkxa`gtmcy 6/: ki tlm tktgc jatgtakes ikr tlmsprgy iaeaslaeh stgedgrd.

Zkurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm

77.64. KZLG lgs rmjmetcy jlgehmd tlm krhgeazgtake ki stgedgrds pmrtgaeaeh tkdap tgens. Ikr`mrcy tlm praejapgc stgedgrd wgs KZLG stgedgrd61JIV7172.72< ‚ Dap Tgens jketgaeaeh icg``gfcm ged jk`fustafcm caquads.Gs ki tlas wrataeh, tlas stgedgrd wgs stacc castmd ke tlm KZLG wmfsatmae tlm Tgfcm ki Jketmets ikr tlm KZLG Hmemrgc Aedustry 7172 stgedgrds.Lkwmvmr, tlm tmxt ki tlas stgedgrd lgs fmme rm`kvmd ged pcgjmd ae ktlmrstgedgrds, cmgvaeh 7172.72< watl kecy tlm wkrd ”rmsmrvmd’ ae tlm tmxtjketmet. Jurrmetcy, tlmrm grm ikur praejapgc stgedgrds ikr dap tgens?7172.76: ‚ Dappaeh ged jkgtaeh kpmrgtakes ‚ Jkvmrghm ged dmiaeatakes7172.764 ‚ Hmemrgc rmquarm`mets ikr dappaeh ged jkgtaeh kpmrgtakes

7172.76= ‚ Gddatakegc rmquarm`mets ikr dappaeh ged jkgtaeh kpmrgtakestlgt usm icg``gfcm ged jk`fustafcm caquads.

7172.769 ‚ Gddatakegc rmquarm`mets ikr spmjagc dappaeh ged jkgtaehkpmrgtakes

KZLG jatgtake gjtavaty ikr dap tgens ae hmemrgc as ekt vmry saheaiajgetae rmjmet ymgrs, gs jge fm smme irk` tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm. Gcsk, tlm ikjuslgs slaitmd sk`mwlgt irk` tlm ikr`mr m`plgsas ke sujl atm`s gs jkvmrsged gutk`gtaj mxtaehuaslaeh systm`s. Tlm tlrmm `kst irmqumetcy jatmdatm`s ae gcc ki tlm ”dappaeh ged jkgtaeh kpmrgtakes’ stgedgrds grm tlmikcckwaeh?

7172.764(h)(6) ‚ M`mrhmejy slkwmr ged mymwgsl igjacatams7172.764(l)(4) ‚ Mxpksurm tk jlrkàj gjad, mxpksmd fkdy pgrts,

mspmjagccy ekstracs (Ektm? smm dasjussake ki ”jlrk`m lkcms’ aeJlgptmr 76 ki tlm tmxt ae tlm dasjussake ki pmrskegc prktmjtavmmquap`met grkued kpme-surigjm tgens)

76=(m)(=) ‚ Ek s`knaeh ae vgpkr grmg emgr dap tgensZkurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm

77.6=. Tlm KZLG wmfsatm slkws tlgt tlm praejapgc stgedgrd ikr CRH as KZLGstgedgrd 61JIV7172.772 ‚ Ztkrghm ged lgedcaeh ki caqumiamd pmtrkcmu`hgsms. Tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm slkws tlgt ikr tlm iasjgc ymgr 7172.772 wgsjatmd ==< ta`ms, ki wlajl 616 jatgtakes wmrm castmd gs ”smrakus.’ Kitlmsm ==< jatgtakes, tlm `kst irmqumetcy jatmd prkvasakes wmrm?

7172.772(i)(6)(a) 76< jatgtakes(ckjgtake ki CRH jketgaemrs ae stkrghm)

7172.772(d)(72) 91 jatgtakes(prmjgutakes tk prmvmet dg`ghm irk` vmlajucgr trgiiaj)

7172.772(i)(6)(aa) 9: jatgtakes(aesadm stkrghm ki CRH emgr mxats)

7172.772(m)(4)(aaa) =< jatgtakes



(smjurm `kuetaeh ki tgens, fut ek iamcd wmcdaeh ke tlm tgenstlm`smcvms> iamcd wmcdaeh kecy ke tlm krahaegc cuhs)

Tlm gfkvm ikur prkvasakes gjjkuetmd ikr `krm tlge lgci ki gcc jatgtakesassumd ikr CRH gccmhmd vakcgtakes ikr tlm iasjgc ymgr.






76.71. Imdmrgc rmhucgtakes rmquarm g rmspargtkr tk fm cgfmcmd gs "krhgeaj

vgpkr rmspargtkr" fmjgusm at lgs pgssmd g jmrtgae prmsjrafmd tmst, mvmetlkuhl tlm rmspargtkr `gy fm usmcmss ikr jmrtgae krhgeaj vgpkrs. Tlmrmgrm sk `gey krhgeaj vgpkrs tlgt at wkucd fm a`pkssafcm tk cgfmc grmspargtkr ikr gcc krhgeaj vgpkrs ghgaest wlajl at as miimjtavm.@geuigjturmrs' rmjk``medgtakes (tgfcms) slkucd fm jkesuctmd.

76.62. Lgrdlgts grm pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met ged dk ekt "prmvmetgjjadmets>" tlmy kecy àeaàzm tlm gdvmrsm miimjts ki gjjadmets.Mehaemmraeh jketrkcs tk rm`kvm tlm lgzgrd as g prmimrgfcm gpprkgjl, futsaejm mcaàegtake ki gcc rasn as a`prgjtajgc, tlmrm as g emmd ikr

pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met sujl gs lgrdlgts.

76.67. Tlm emmd ikr pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met a`pcams tlgt tlm lgzgrd lgsekt fmme mcaàegtmd kr jketrkccmd.

76.66. Tlm m`pckymm `gy lgvm aegdmqugtm mquap`met, ymt tlm m`pckymr stacc asrmspkesafcm tk prkvadm gdmqugtm prktmjtake tk ats wkrnmrs. Gcsk,m`pckymm-kwemd aegdmqugtm mquap`met jge jrmgtm g dgehmrkus, igcsm smesmki smjuraty.

76.6:. Tlm uedmrsazmd `gelkcms prmvmet metry ki pmrskeemc wmgraeh smci-jketgaemd frmgtlaeh gppgrgtus.

76.64. Ae ge gjtugc igcc tlm slkjn ckgd gppcamd tk tlm igcc prktmjtake systm`wkucd fm ùjl hrmgtmr tlge tlm stgtaj ckgd ki tlm wmgrmr‑s fkdy wmahlt.

76.6=. ]sm warm fgsnmts ikr lgedcaeh tlm pgrts ae tlm skcvmet. Zufstatutm

skgp ged wgtmr ikr tlm trajlckrkmtlycmem ae sk`m jgsms. Jlgehm tlmprkjmss tk mcaàegtm tlm emmd ikr wgslaeh pgrts.

76.69. Ae tlm lmgt ki tlm m`mrhmejy tlmrm as g strkeh tmedmejy tk try tk sgvmtlm iarst vajta`. Tlmrm as g tmedmejy ikr tlm rmsjumr tk tlaen tlgtwlgt lgppmemd tk tlm iarst vajta` wacc ekt lgppme tk la`, fmjgusm lm asgcrmgdy gwgrm ki tlm dgehmr ged tlaens tlgt lm jge fm mspmjagccy gcmrttk las kwe sy`ptk`s ged hmt kut quajncy ai lm hmts aetk trkufcm.

76.68. 7. Kxyhme dmiajamejy (pra`gry lgzgrd)6. @mjlgeajgc metrgp`met:. Mehuci`met (irk` hrgeucgr skcad `gtmragc)4. Kxyhme-rajl gt`ksplmrm (iarm lgzgrd, mspmjagccy tk wmcdmrs)=. Lahlcy tkxaj gt`ksplmrms9. Msjgpm a`pgar`met irk` àcdcy tkxaj, fut tm`pkrgracy pgrgcyzaeh

gt`ksplmrms.

76.6<. Mehuci`met as metrgp`met ae g icuad-canm hrgeucgr skcad, sujl gs hrgaekr sged, wlajl jgusms tlm vajta` tk saen dmmpmr watl mvmry `kvm`met.Dmgtl jk`ms irk` suiikjgtake dum tk tlm frmgtlaeh pgssghms fmjkàehfckjnmd kr dum tk tlm skurjm ki gar fmaeh jut kii fy tlm mehuciaeh`gtmragc. Ae gddatake, dmgtl jge jk`m dum tlm jruslaeh wmahlt ki tlm`gtmragc jcksaeh ae grkued tlm vajta`.

76.61. Tlas lgzgrd as jgccmd ”metrgp`met.’ @kst `mjlgeajgc metrgp`mets kjjurae g spgjm tlgt as mvmr-tahltmeaeh ged rmstrajtaeh gs at dmsjmeds. Gstlm vajta` `kvms tk gttm`pt tk irmm la`/lmrsmci lm scadms dmmpmr aetktlm `krm rmstrajtmd spgjm, iurtlmr a`pgaraeh las irmmdk` tk `kvm gedirmm la`smci. Mvmetugccy, tlm rmstrajtake iar`cy trgps tlm vajta`, gedek msjgpm as pkssafcm watlkut rmsjum. Dmgtl jge jk`m rmcgtavmcyquajncy irk` suiikjgtake ae tlm s`gcc da`mesakes ki tlm frmgtlaeh spgjmemgr tlm vajta`. Ai gdmqugtm kxyhme suppcy as gvgacgfcm tk tlm vajta`,ge mvme wkrsm dmgtl jge jk`m ghkeazaehcy sckwcy.

76.:2. Aemrtaeh as aetmedmd tk rmdujm kxyhme jketmet tk rmdujm tlm lgzgrds kiiarm, mspmjagccy grkued wmcdaeh kpmrgtakes. Lkwmvmr, kxyhme dmiajamejyfmjk`ms g suiikjgtake lgzgrd tk gey wkrnmrs ae tlm kxyhme dmiajametspgjm.

76.:7. Kxyhme merajl`met jgusms iarms tk aheatm mgsacy ged fure iurakuscy. Aesatugtakes tlgt `kst wkrnmrs wkucd mxpmjt tk fm lgr`cmss, kxyhme-merajlmd gt`ksplmrms jge jgusm surprasaeh aheatakes.

76.:6. ADCL `mges "a``mdagtmcy dgehmrkus tk caim kr lmgctl" ged usugccy rmimrskecy tk tlm tkxajaty ki tlm pgrtajucgr gar jketgàeget prmsmet.Lkwmvmr, ae g jkeiaemd spgjm, ge gar jketgàeget tlgt àhlt kecy fm gàcd dmprmssget uedmr ekr`gc jarju`stgejms jkucd fmjk`m cmtlgc fypgrgcyzaeh tlm vajta` ged prmvmetaeh las kr lmr msjgpm irk` tlm dgehmrzkem.



76.::. Jcksm gcc vgcvms tlgt hkvmre papaeh tlgt àhlt cmgd dgehmrkus caquads,

hgsms, kr mvme skcads aetk tlm jkeiaemd spgjm. ]sm g dkufcm-fckjn-ged-fcmmd prkjmdurm tlgt jcksms twk vgcvms ae smrams ae g papm cmgdaeh aetktlm spgjm, ged ae gddatake kpmes g s`gcc fcmmd vgcvm ae tlm papm ae tlmspgjm fmtwmme tlm twk `gokr vgcvms. Tlm fcmmd vgcvm gcckws tlm msjgpmki gey icuads tlgt àhlt gjjuùcgtm dum tk lahl prmssurm daiimrmetagcke tlm pra`gry `gokr vgcvm. Tlm smjkedgry `gokr vgcvm tlus lgs cattcmkr ek prmssurm daiimrmetagc gjrkss at ged jge gjlamvm g pksatavmjcksurm. Gektlmr prkjmdurm ikr pksatavm askcgtake as ”fcgenaeh’ kr”fcaedaeh,’ ae wlajl g skcad pcgtm as aestgccmd ae tlm caem jk`pcmtmcyjkvmraeh tlm jrkss-smjtakegc grmg ki tlm papm ged gfskcutmcy fckjnaeh

ickw. Gektlmr prkjmdurm as tk plysajgccy smvmr tlm caem ged dmtgjl gedsmpgrgtm tlm twk rm`gaeaeh cmehtls ki papm.

76.:4. Kxyhme dmiajamet gt`ksplmrm. G hgs `gsn as ge gar puraiyaeh dmvajm gedtlus rm`kvms gar jketgàegets fut dkms ekt gdd tlm jrujagc aehrmdamet --- kxyhme.

76.:=. Lydrkhme icukradm ged jgdàu` vgpkrs grm aesadakus ae tlgt tlmara``mdagtm miimjts grm trgesatkry. Tlus, mvme ai tlmsm trgesametmiimjts grm smvmrm, tlmy `gy pgss watlkut `mdajgc gttmetake. Lkwmvmr,tlmy grm kitme ikcckwmd fy dmcgymd rmgjtakes sujl gs suddme, pkssafcyigtgc jkccgpsm 76 tk 86 lkurs gitmr mxpksurm.

76.:9. G supmriajagc rmspargtkr prkhrg` àhlt cucc m`pckymms aetk g igcsmsmesm ki smjuraty. Cgtmr, ai g rmgc rmspargtkry prkfcm` dmvmckps, tlmpgrtagc prkhrg` wacc fm aegdmqugtm tk dmgc watl tlm prkfcm`, gedwkrnmrs wacc ekt fm prktmjtmd. Fgd lgfats sujl gs emhcahmet

`gaetmegejm, aegdmqugtm iat tmstaeh, kr a`prkpmr mquap`met usghm jkucdfm prmsmet watlkut jkesmqumejm, ai tlm prkhrg` as ekt rmgccy emmdmd tkfmhae watl. G immcaeh ki jk`pcgjmejy tkwgrd tlm usm ki rmspargtkrs jgefm mehmedmrmd fy tlm usm ki sujl mquap`met wlme at as ekt rmgccyemmdmd.

76.:8. ”Dkufcm-fckjn-ged-fcmmd’ rmimrs tk g prkjmdurm ikr askcgtake ki gjkeiaemd spgjm wlajl jcksms twk vgcvms ae smrams ae g papm cmgdaeh aetktlm spgjm, ged ae gddatake kpmes g s`gcc fcmmd vgcvm ae tlm papm ae tlmspgjm fmtwmme tlm twk `gokr vgcvms. Tlm fcmmd vgcvm gcckws tlm msjgpmki gey icuads tlgt àhlt gjjuùcgtm dum tk lahl prmssurm daiimrmetagcke tlm pra`gry `gokr vgcvm. Tlm smjkedgry `gokr vgcvm tlus lgs cattcmkr ek prmssurm daiimrmetagc gjrkss at ged jge gjlamvm g pksatavmjcksurm.

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

76.:<. Gt cmgst kem gjjadmet lgs fmme rmpkrtmd ae tlm grmg ki wkrnaeh ae tlmjkeiaemd spgjm ki g smrvajm pat ikr g daspcgy wgtmrigcc (ikuetgae) ae gslkppaeh `gcc. Ge m`pckymm ckst jkesjakusemss wlme lm dmsjmedmd smvmeimmt tk tlm fkttk` ki g smrvajm pat tk gdoust vgcvms ikr tlm ikuetgae.G jk`pgeake wkrnmr metmrmd tlm pat tk rmsjum tlm iarst wkrnmr ged gcsk

ckst jkesjakusemss. G smjuraty hugrd ged g pgssmrfy tramd tk gssastfut fmjg`m dazzy. Tlm iarm dmpgrt`met wgs su``kemd tk tlm sjmem gedfktl m`pckymms wmrm rmvavmd ged wmrm trmgtmd ged rmcmgsmd. KZLGaevmstahgtmd ikur sujl smrvajm pats ae tlas slkppaeh `gcc ged ikuedtlrmm ki tlm ikur lgd kxyhme jkejmetrgtakes ki cmss tlge tlm àeaù`gjjmptgfcm 71.= pmrjmet. Ae gddatake, jgrfke dakxadm rmgdaehs wmrm`krm tlge dkufcm tlm KZLG RMC. Zaàcgr prkfcm`s lgvm fmme studamd fyEAKZL.Vmimrmejms? Tlas stkry wgs iarst ikued ke tlm Aetmremt gt tlm ]ea-Lkast Emwscmttmr. ]ea-Lkast as g `geuigjturmr ki jkeiaemd spgjm metrymquap`met. Tlm ]VC usmd tk iaed tlas dgtg ke tlm Aetmremt wgs?

lttp?//www.jdesgimty.jk`/uealkast.lt`c Tlas]VC `gy ek ckehmr fm gvgacgfcm. Ktlmr grtajcms dmsjrafaeh jkeiaemdspgjm lgzgrds `gy fm ikued gt lttp?//www.jdesgimty.jk`/grtajcms.lt Dgtg ke tlas gjjadmet `gy gcsk fm gvgacgfcm ke tlm KZLG wmfsatm. KZLGjlgehms tlm krhgeazgtake ki tlm wmfsatm irk` ta`m tk ta`m. Gt tlm ta`mki tlas praetaeh ae 622:, g dmsjraptake ki tlas gjjadmet wgs ikued ae gLgzgrd Aeikr`gtake Fuccmtae, dgtmd Ouem 7:, 7119, fy dkaeh g smgrjl ketlm tmr` ”wgtmrigcc’ ae tlm KZLG wmfsatm smgrjl igjacaty metatcmd ”Iaedat! Ae DKC’

76.:1. ”Gar-kii’ jkedatakes rmprmsmet g rmgc lgzgrd, mspmjagccy wlme wkrnmrsgrm ae g dgehmrkus gt`ksplmrm. Xlme suddme gar-kii kjjurs, wkrnmrs grmgirgad tk rm`kvm tlm suat tkp kr lmc`mt ae g jketgàegtmd gt`ksplmrmmevarke`met, sk tlmy try tk quajncy msjgpm tk g sgim grmg fmikrmrm`kvaeh tlm lmgdhmgr. ]eikrtuegtmcy, kxyhme-dmiajamejy fmjk`ms g `krmsmrakus lgzgrd tlge tlm jketgàegtmd gt`ksplmrm, ae `gey jgsms. Tmsts

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g. EAKZL dmiaeatake ki ”jkeiaemd spgjm’? ”g spgjm wlajl fy dmsahe lgscaàtmd kpmeaehs ikr metry ged mxat, ueigvkrgfcm egturgc vmetacgtakewlajl jkucd jketgae kr prkdujm dgehmrkus gar jketgàegets, ged wlajl asekt aetmedmd ikr jketaeukus m`pckymm kjjupgejy.’ f. Tlrmm jcgssms ki jkeiaemd spgjms, gs prmsjrafmd fy EAKZL?7. Jcgss G ‚ a``mdagtmcy dgehmrkus tk caim kr lmgctl6. Jcgss F ‚ dgehmrkus:. Jcgss J ‚ jkeiaemd spgjms ae wlajl tlm pktmetagc lgzgrd wkucd ektrmquarm gey spmjagc `kdaiajgtake ki tlm wkrn prkjmdurm.j. Tlrmm m`pckymr ”prkfcm`s’ gsskjagtmd watl jkeiaemd spgjms wmrmpufcaslmd ae ge ”Gcmrt’ tatcmd ”Vmqumst ikr Gssastgejm ae Rrmvmetaeh

Kjjupgtakegc Igtgcatams ae Jkeiaemd Zpgjms’ (EAKZL, Ogeugry, 71<9), gsikcckws?7. rmjkheazaeh jkeiaemd spgjms6. tmstaeh, mvgcugtaeh, ged `keatkraeh jkeiaemd spgjm:. dmvmckpaeh ged a`pcm`metaeh rmsjum prkjmdurms.d. Ae Ogeugry 71<9, EAKZL pufcaslmd ge "Gcmrt" tatcmd "Vmqumst ikrGssastgejm ae Rrmvmetaeh Kjjupgtakegc Igtgcatams ae Jkeiaemd Zpgjms"(Mx. 7:-79). Tlm Gcmrt dmsjrafmd tlm jarju`stgejms uedmr wlajl 79wkrnmrs damd (74 ki tlm` dum tk gt`ksplmraj lgzgrds) ae jkeiaemd spgjmaejadmets. EAKZL ikjusmd ke prkfcm`s m`pckymrs lgvm ae tlrmm grmgs? (7)rmjkheazaeh jkeiaemd spgjms> (6) tmstaeh, mvgcugtaeh, ged `keatkraehjkeiaemd spgjm gt`ksplmrms> ged (:) dmvmckpaeh ged a`pcm`metaeh rmsjumprkjmdurms. At wgs ektmd, ikr mxg`pcm, tlgt "^`Pkrm tlge 92% kijkeiaemd spgjm igtgcatams kjjur g`keh wkucd-fm rmsjumrs." Tlm Gcmrtrmjk``medmd tlgt m`pckymrs prktmjt m`pckymms wlk metmr jkeiaemd spgjmsfy a`pcm`metaeh `mgsurms saàcgr tk tlksm prmsmetmd ae tlm 7181Jratmrag Dkju`met.

m. Gjjkrdaeh tk tlm Ogeugry 71<9, EAKZL-pufcaslmd "Gcmrt" tatcmd"Vmqumst ikr Gssastgejm ae Rrmvmetaeh Kjjupgtakegc Igtgcatams aeJkeiaemd Zpgjms"? "^`krm tlge 92% ki jkeiaemd spgjm igtgcatams kjjurg`keh wkucd-fm rmsjumrs." (ikued ae tlm Rrmg`fcm tk tlm ”Rmràt-Vmquarmd Jkeiaemd Zpgjm Metry’ stgedgrd, pufcaslmd ae tlm ImdmrgcVmhastmr ged tlm KZLG wmfsatm)

76.4:. Irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm at jge fm dmtmràemd tlgt tlm hmemrgc stgedgrdikr jkeiaemd spgjm metry as KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.749 ‚ ”Rmràt-Vmquarmd Jkeiaemd Zpgjm Metry.’ Zmjtake g. (Zjkpm ged gppcajgtake)spmjaiajgccy mxjcudms ghrajucturm, jkestrujtake, ged slapygrdm`pcky`met irk` jkvmrghm uedmr tlm stgedgrd. Tlm prmg`fcm tk tlmstgedgrd mxpcgaes tlgt tlmsm grmgs grm jkvmrmd uedmr ktlmr stgedgrds.Tlm prmg`fcm gcsk jketgaes dasjussake ged grhu`mets kvmr tlm sjkpm kitlm stgedgrd. Tlm tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes aedustry grhumd tlgt at slkucd fmmxjcudmd, fut ge mxjcusake ikr tlm tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes aedustry dkms ektgppmgr ae tlm Zmjtake g. Zjkpm ged gppcajgtake pgrghrgpl ki tlm

stgedgrd.

76.44. Zpmjaiaj aeikr`gtake ke tlm tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes aedustry wgs aejcudmd aetlm Rrmg`fcm tk tlm ”Rmràt-Vmquarmd Jkeiaemd Zpgjm Metry’ stgedgrdpufcaslmd ae tlm Imdmrgc Vmhastmr ged tlm KZLG wmfsatm, gs ikcckws?

Msta`gtm ki tlm eu`fmr ki tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms ae tlm ]eatmdZtgtms? 7,222,222At lgs fmme grhumd tlgt tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms slkucd fm mxjcudmdirk` jkvmrghm gs ”jkeiaemd spgjms’ ae tlm hmemrgc KZLG stgedgrd.Wuktaeh tmsta`key irk` tlm tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes aedustry ae tlm prmg`fcm?”tlmrm grm luhm daiimrmejms ae jkeiaemd spgjms ae jlmàjgc ged`geuigjturaeh pcgets ae tmcmjk`ùeajgtake `gelkcms. Iarst ged ikrm`kst,tlm aelmrmet lgzgrd ki tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms as saheaiajgetcycmss. Tmcmjk`ùeajgtake `gelkcms grm ekt dmsahemd tk jketgae gey naedki jlmàjgc kr lgzgrdkus sufstgejm. Tlmy dk ekt jketgae g rmsadugclgzgrdkus gt`ksplmrm. Tmcmjk`ùeajgtake `gelkcms mxast tk prkvadmgjjmss tk uedmrhrkued tmcmplkem jgfcms ged jkeduats duraeh spcajaeh,tmstaeh, `gaetmegejm ged gar prmssurazgtake kpmrgtakes. Ae `kst jgsms,tlm gt`ksplmrm ae tmcmjk`ùeajgtake `gelkcms as tlm sg`m gs tlgtkutsadm tlm `gelkcm.

Zmjkedcy, tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms grm ckjgtmd ae ged grkued pufcajrkgds ged rahlts-ki-wgy gcc kvmr tlm ]eatmd Ztgtms………. Xlacm tlmrm asek qumstake gs tk tlm emmd ikr spmjagc prkjmdurms tk prktmjt m`pckymmswlk metmr tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms, tk fm miimjtavm ae sgvaeh cavms,tlmsm prkjmdurms ùst rmicmjt tlm daiiajuctams aelmrmet ae lgvaeh sujlg cgrhm, wadmcy-sjgttmrmd wkrnikrjm. Tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcm metramsgrm rkutaem, pmrikr`md ke g dgacy fgsas ged, fgsmd ke dgtg ae KZLG'sjurrmet rmjkrd, dkem sgimcy.

Tlm tlard `gokr daiimrmejm as tlgt metry aetk tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes



`gelkcms as gcrmgdy rmhucgtmd fy KZLG.’

Gjjkrdaeh tk tlm prmg`fcm? ”HTM lgs gfkut <,822 m`pckymms wlk waccmetmr tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms gpprkxa`gtmcy :62,222 ta`ms g ymgr.’(Tlas as aetmrprmtmd tk fm g tktgc iahurm. Davadaeh :62,222 fy <,822

yamcds ge gvmrghm pmr m`pckymm ki gpprkxa`gtmcy :9 kr :8 ta`ms pmrymgr.

Gjjkrdaeh tk tlm prmg`fcm? ”Metry aetk tmcmjk`ùeajgtakes `gelkcms geduevmetmd jgfcm vgucts as jurrmetcy rmhucgtmd fy Zmjtake7172.69<(k)(6).’

76.4=. Tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm jge fm usmd tk pmrikr` g nmywkrd smgrjl ke tlm tmr`*rmspargtkry prktmjtake*. Zujl g smgrjl rmtures g ckeh cast kijatgtakes, tlm vgst `gokraty ki wlajl grm ae tlm hmemrgc rmspargtkryprktmjtake stgedgrd, KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7:4. Zk`m ktlmrrmspargtkry prkvasakes ki spmjagcazmd stgedgrds grm gcsk aejcudmd aetlm cast, mspmjagccy ae tlm stgedgrds aejcudmd ae tlm ”stgedgrdsjk`pcmtake prkomjt’ (rmimr tk Tgfcm 1.7 ae tlm tmxt, pghm 7<8). Tlmtktgc eu`fmr ki jatgtakes castmd ae tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm ikr tlm tmr`”rmspargtkry prktmjtake’ as 1727. Tlm jkrrmspkedaeh smgrjl usaeh tlm”smrakus vakcgtakes’ smgrjl jgpgfacaty rmvmgcs g tktgc ki 4629jatgtakes, kr 4629/1727 0 49 % ki tlm tktgc. G smgrjl ki tlm dgtgfgsmjge fm ikjusmd ke hmemrgc pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met fy usaeh tlmnmywkrd smgrjl tmr` *pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met*. Zujl g smgrjl,usaeh tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm, slkws g tktgc ki 4168 jatgtakes. Dkaeh gsaàcgr smgrjl fy ”smrakus vakcgtakes’ g tktgc ki :6<= as slkwe, kr:6<=/4168 0 98 % ki tlm tktgc. Zk, jk`pgraeh tlm tmr`s ”rmspargtkryprktmjtake’ ged ”pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met’ gs tlmy gppmgr ae

stgedgrds jatmd fy KZLG duraeh tlm iasjgc ymgr rmpkrtmd ae tlm EJ@dgtgfgsm, stgedgrds jketgaeaeh tlm tmr` ”rmspargtkry prktmjtake’ lgvmrmsuctmd `krm jatgtakes, fut g hrmgtmr pmrjmetghm ki tlm stgedgrdsjketgaeaeh tlm tmr` ”pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met’ lgvm fmme ae tlm”smrakus vakcgtake’ jgtmhkry. Fktl tmr`s grm aevkcvmd ae irmqumetjatgtake gjtavaty, ged g cgrhm pmrjmetghm ki jatgtakes ikr fktl kitlmsm tmr`s grm dmsahegtmd gs ”smrakus.’

76.49. ]saeh tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm nmywkrd smgrjlaeh jgpgfacaty, g smgrjl ikr tlmtmr` *`mdajgc smrvajms ged iarst gad* rmsucts ae g praetkut ki smvmrgcstgedgrds jketgaeaeh tlas wkrd hrkup. Tlm `kst lmgvacy jatmd stgedgrdas KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=7(j). Tlm KZLG wmfsatm rmvmgcs tlgt tlasstgedgrd as tlm hmemrgc rmquarm`met ikr `mdajgc smrvajms ged iarst gad.Ai gcc prkvasakes jketgaeaeh tlm wkrd hrkup ”`mdajgc smrvajms ged iarstgad’ grm aejcudmd, tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm slkws g tktgc ki 7<<8 jatgtakes ikrtlm iasjgc ymgr. Gektlmr smgrjl ikr tlm sg`m wkrd hrkup, usaeh tlm”smrakus vakcgtakes’ kptake ki tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm nmywkrd smgrjl

jgpgfacaty, g tktgc ki 76<: jatgtakes as slkwe. Tlus tlm pmrjmetghm kitktgc gccmhmd vakcgtakes tlgt grm ae tlm ”smrakus’ jgtmhkry as76<:/7<<8 0 gpprkxa`gtmcy 9< %. Gppgrmetcy, KZLG tgnms tlm sufomjt ki”`mdajgc smrvajms ged iarst gad’ quatm smrakuscy.



JLGRTMV 7: ZKC]TAKEZ TK MED-KI-JLGRTMV M\MVJAZMZ

7:.7. Tlas qumstake as aetmedmd tk hmemrgtm jcgss dasjussake. Tlm grhu`metikr iarm mxtaehuaslmrs as tlgt tlmy stkp iarms a``mdagtmcy fmikrm tlmiarms fmjk`m dgehmrkus. Tlm grhu`met ghgaest iarm mxtaehuaslmrs astlgt tlmy `gy medgehmr wkrnmrs `krm tlge wkucd g pkcajy ki a``mdagtmmsjgpm. Tlm praejapgc purpksm ki iarm mxtaehuaslmrs as tk prktmjtprkpmrty.

7:.6. (7) iarm prmvmetake(6) iarm supprmssake(:) pmrskegc prktmjtake (msjgpm)

7:.:. Iarm mxtaehuaslmrs grm pra`gracy ikr prkpmrty prktmjtake, ged m`pckymms`gy fm sgimr fy sa`pcy mvgjugtaeh tlm grmg ae jgsm ki g iarm.

7:.4. Xkrnpcgjm vakcmejm

7:.=. Kem ki tlm wkrcd's wkrst

7:.9. Vmsadmetagc

7:.8. Vmpkrtmd stgtastajs grm usugccy g ymgr kr twk gitmr-tlm-igjt. Tlm tmxtrmpkrts ”gpprkxa`gtmcy : pmrjmet.’ Tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejacpufcajgtake Aeoury Igjts, 6226 mdatake, rmpkrtaeh ikr tlm eaem-ymgrpmrakd irk` 7116-6222 (usaeh Furmgu ki Cgfkr Ztgtastajs dgtg) rmpkrts

7892 igtgcatams irk` tlm hmemrgc jgtmhkry ”iarm ged mxpcksakes.’ Tktgceu`fmr ki igtgcatams rmpkrtmd ikr tlm pmrakd as ==,171. Fy tlmsmstgtastajs, tlm pmrjmetghm jge fm jgcjucgtmd tk fm 7892/==171 0 :.7= %.

7:.<. (g) getajapgtake ki iarm lgzgrds(f) gssahe`met ki rmspkesafacaty ikr jketrkccaeh lgzgrds(j) dkju`metgtake ki dmjasake(d) prmvmetavm `gaetmegejm(m) lkusmnmmpaeh prkjmdurms

7:.1. Kvmrlmgtmd fmgraehs kr lkt `gjlaemry ged prkjmssms grm g praejapgcjgusm ki aedustragc iarms. Rrmvmetavm `gaetmegejm jkucd rmdujm tlmjlgejm ki iarm jgusmd fy tlmsm jarju`stgejms. Gcsk a`pkrtget wkucd fmjckhhmd vmetacgtake iactmrs wlajl emmd jlgehaeh kr darty vmetacgtakedujts. Rrmvmetavm `gaetmegejm as tlm skcutake ikr tlmsm prkfcm`s.

7:.72. Gudafcm gcgr`s grm kfvakuscy aemiimjtavm ikr dmgi m`pckymms. Fut mvme

wkrsm as tlm jk`pcgjmejy wlajl as sk`mta`ms jrmgtmd fy g wadm vgramtyki gudafcm gcgr`s kr sahegcs ikr jkedatakes ki vgrakus dmhrmms kiurhmejy.

7:.77. Ek

7:.76. Tlm m`pckymm `gy ekt wget tk gcgr` ktlmr wkrnmrs, tlaenaeh tlgt tlmiarm as fmaeh tgnme jgrm ki.

7:.7:. Ek. Lkwmvmr, KZLG prmsjrafms rmquarm`mets ikr tlm krhgeazgtake,trgaeaeh, ged pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met ki iarm frahgdms wlmemvmrtlmy grm mstgfcaslmd fy ge m`pckymr.

7:.74. Wugrtmrcy, ikr iarmiahltmrs ki aetmrakr iarms>geeugccy, ikr ktlmr iarm frahgdm `m`fmrs

7:.7=. Lmgrt dasmgsm, mpacmpsy, m`plysm`g, rupturmd mgrdru`s, wmgraeh g fmgrd

7:.79. Vmimrraeh tk Tgfcm 7:.7?

Jcgss Dmsjraptake Mxg`pcm mxtaehuaslmr `mdag

G Rgpmr, wkkd, jcktl, mtj Ikg`, ckgdmd strmg`, dry jlmàjgc, wgtmr

FIcg``/jk`fust caquads, hgsms,mtj. Frk`ktraickurk`mtlgem, jgrfke dakxadm, dry jlmàjgc, ikg`, ckgdm

J Memrhazmd mcmjtrajgc mquap`met Frk`ktraickurk`mtlgem, jgrfke dakxadm, dry jlmàjgc

D Jk`fustafcm `mtgcs Zpmjagc pkwdmrs, sged



7:.78. Rkwmriuc wgtmr sprgy systm`s



7:.7<. Fy rmimrraeh tk Tgfcm 7:.7, at jge fm smme tlgt kecy kem mxtaehuaslmr`mdau` `mmts spmjaiajgtakes ikr iarm Jcgssms G, F, ged J, gcc tlrmm.Tlgt `mdau` as dry jlmàjgc.

7:.71. Dry jlmàjgc mxtaehuaslmrs `gy fm gpprkvmd ikr `krm tlge kem jcgss kiiarm> lkwmvmr, tlm jlmàjgc `gy ikuc kr ruae mxpmesavm mquap`met(jk`putmrs, ikr mxg`pcm)> ged tlmy `gy fm `krm mxpmesavm tlge ikg` gedwgtmr mxtaehuaslmrs. Gcsk, dry jlmàjgc pkwdmrs `gy fm sufomjt tkjgnaeh, wlajl wkucd `gnm tlm` aemiimjtavm wlme dmpckymd.

7:.62. 7. `ketlcy, fy vasugc aespmjtake6. geeugc `gaetmegejm ged g lydrkstgtaj tmst, dmpmedaeh ke typm kimxtaehuaslmr

7:.67. Ek, tlm m`pckymr `gy smcmjt gey jkevmeamet `kuetaeh sjlm`m, prkvadmdtlgt tlm mxtaehuaslmrs grm rmgdacy gjjmssafcm watlkut sufomjtaehm`pckymms tk pkssafcm aeoury.

7:.66. Trgaeaeh as rmquarmd upke aeatagc metry tk g okf ged gt cmgst geeugccytlmrmgitmr.

7:.6:. (7) Zlut-kii-typm ekzzcms(6) Caeaeh ikr lksm(:) Dyegàj prmssurm àeaù`s gt tlm ekzzcm(4) Lydrkstgtaj tmstaeh upke aestgccgtake

7:.64. Darmjt jaty wgtmr suppcams usugccy jgeekt `mmt tlm ickw rmquarm`met ki722 hp` ikr :2 àeutms (aesuiiajamet dyegàj prmssurm).

7:.6=. Ek, ekt ae hmemrgc> lkwmvmr, jmrtgae mcmjtrkstgtaj sprgy pgaetaeh grmgsgrm rmquarmd tk lgvm gutk`gtaj mxtaehuaslaeh systm`s.

7:.69. Tlm pgpmr fgh wacc prmvmet tlm spraencmr lmgd irk` fmjkàeh ikucmd fypgaet sprgy rmsadums. Tlm fgh wacc fm furemd gwgy kr wgslmd gwgy fytlm wgtmr sprgy wlme tlm spraencmr as gjtavgtmd.

7:.68. Tlmrm ùst fm ge 7< aejl àeaù` vmrtajgc jcmgrgejm fmtwmme tlmspraencmr lmgd ged tlm stgjnmd `gtmragc.

7:.6<. Fy wmahlt

7:.61. Jgrfke dakxadm, Lgcke 7677, Lgcke 7:27

7:.:2. Vupturmd mgrdru`s wkucd prmvmet miimjtavm usm ki rmspargtkry prktmjtavmmquap`met, a.m. tlm wkrnmr wkucd aelgcm tlrkuhl tlm mgrs.

7:.:7. Gudafcm sarme, pufcaj gddrmss, darmjt vkajm

7:.:6. Rrmvmetavm `gaetmegejm ged lkusmnmmpaeh

7:.::. A`pmragc Ikkds pkuctry prkjmssaeh pcget ae Lg`cmt, Ekrtl Jgrkcaeg> 6=igtgcatams> tlm iarm dad ats dg`ghm ae kecy := àeutms> g praejapgcigjtkr ae tlm trghmdy wgs ckjnmd mxats.

7:.:4. Tragehcm Zlartwgast Jk`pgey, Emw Qkrn, 7177> 74= igtgcatams.

7:.:=. Ek> KZLG stgedgrds rmquarm tlm stgedpapm systm` tk `gaetgae g ickw ki722 hgcckes pmr àeutm ikr :2 àeutms gs g àeaù`. Tlas g`kuets tk :2x 722 0 :222 hgcckes tktgc dmcavmrmd ae tlm àeaù` :2 àeutm pmrakdrmquarmd. Tlm systm` gs dmsjrafmd dkms lgvm :222 hgcckes jgpgjaty.Lkwmvmr, ai tlm prmssurm tlgt jgusms tlm ickw as "hrgvaty lmgd," gs asstgtmd ae tlm prkfcm`, tlme gs tlm ickw emgrs mxlgustake, tlmrm wkucdek ckehmr fm suiiajamet lmgd tk dravm tlm ickw. Tlas systm` dmsahe asaegdmqugtm tk `mmt ickw stgedgrds.

7:.:9. Ztgtaj prmssurm as `mgsurmd wlacm tlm systm` as stgedaeh gt rmst watlek ickw. Dyegàj prmssurm as tlm prmssurm `gaetgaemd ke tlm caquadwlacm at as ickwaeh. Twk daiimrmet stgedpapm ged lksm systm`s àhltlgvm admetajgc stgtaj prmssurms wlme tlmy grm ekt ae usm, fut kejm ickwstgrts, kem systm` àhlt fm dmsahemd tk `gaetgae ats prmssurm wlacmickwaeh, fut tlm ktlmr àhlt cksm prmssurm a``mdagtmcy upkejk``mejm`met ki tlm ickw.



7:.:8. Ekt gey`krm> tghs wmrm kejm rmquarmd ged KZLG lmgvacy jatmd tlasstgedgrd tlrkuhlkut aedustry> ekw gctmregtavm prkjmdurms grm pmràttmdsujl gs `gaetgaeaeh tlm aespmjtake stgtus ae g iacaeh systm`. Lkwmvmr,`gey jk`pgeams stacc usm tlm tghs sk tlgt tlm rmjkrd ki tlm aespmjtakestgtus as rmgdacy gvgacgfcm rahlt ke tlm iarm mxtaehuaslmr, aestmgd kitujnmd gwgy ae g iacm tlgt àhlt fm daiiajuct tk iaed duraeh geaespmjtake.

7:.:<. ]p tk kem ymgr gitmr tlm cgst metry kr tlm caim ki tlm slmcc, wlajlmvmras cmss.

7:.:1. Tlm lydrkstgtaj tmst as ge aetmhraty jlmjn ki tlm iarm mxtaehuaslmr

slmcc atsmci tk gssurm tlgt at as stacc jgpgfcm ki jketgaeaeh tlmprmssurms tk wlajl at wacc fm sufomjtmd ae g iuccy jlgrhmd stgtm. Iarmmxtaehuaslmr slmccs dk ekt cgst ikrmvmr> tlmy jge jkrrkdm kr fm dg`ghmd`mjlgeajgccy. Tlm lydrkstgtaj tmst rmvmgcs gey aegdmqugjy ae tlmjkedatake (strmehtl) ki tlm slmcc.

7:.42. Lydrkstgtaj tmsts grm jketrkccmd fy tmjleajgc spmjaiajgtakes ged ùstfm dkem fy g trgaemd pmrske usaeh suatgfcm mquap`met ged igjacatams.Imw jk`pgeams wkucd lgvm sujl spmjagcazmd mquap`met ke satm.

7:.47. 7. Jkrrksake6. @mjlgeajgc dg`ghm

7:.46. Kem ki tlm pksatavm-prmssurm typms? matlmr prmssurm dm`ged krjketaeukus ickw. Ai tlm tlard typm, dm`ged ickw, as mssmetagc ae krdmrtk pmràt ckehmr durgtake mxpksurm ikr g havme jlgrhm, tlmequgetatgtavm iat tmstaeh as rmquarmd ikr mgjl iarmiahltmr.

7:.4:. G jkesuctget slkucd gdvasm tlgt iarm mxtaehuaslmrs grm ekt gpprkpragtmikr mxtaehuaslaeh CRH iarms. Tmjleajgccy spmgnaeh, ge CRH iarm asJcgss F, fut Jcgss F iarm mxtaehuaslmrs grm ekt gpprkpragtm ikr tlastypm ki icg``gfcm caquad kr hgs. Xlgt as emmdmd ikr CRH as gprkimssakegc iarmiahltmr usaeh pkwmriuc, lahl-prmssurm wgtmr-sprgysystm`s. Krdaegry Jcgss G typm mxtaehuaslmrs `gy fm ki vgcum aemxtaehuaslaeh krdaegry wkkd kr pgpmr iarms ae grmgs wlmrm tlmy jkucdtlrmgtme CRH stkrghm ged tlus rmsuct ae g ùjl `krm dgehmrkus CRH iarm.(Zmm gcsk Jlgptmr 77 ikr gddatakegc dasjussake ki tlas sufomjt.)

VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

7:.44. Geswmrs tk tlas mxmrjasm wacc vgry sk`mwlgt irk` ymgr tk ymgr. Tlmdgtg slkwe fmckw wmrm tgnme irk` tlm 6226 mdatake ki tlm EgtakegcZgimty Jkuejac‑s Aeoury Igjts. Tlm dgtg rmicmjt kvmrgcc tktgcs ged

gvmrghms ikr aedustrams ki gcc typms egtakewadm ikr tlm eaem ymgrpmrakd 7116-6222?

Eu`fmr kiIgtgcaty jgusm igtgcatams Rmrjmet

Tktgc, gcc jgusms ==171 722.2%Igccs =<<2 72.=Mcmjtrkjutakes ekt castmd E/GKxyhme dmiajamejy ekt castmd E/GMxpksurm tk lgrìuc sufstgejm =76: 1.6Trgespkrtgtake gjjadmets 6::86 47.<Gssguct, vakcmet gjt 726<8 7<.4Iarms, mxpcksakes 7892 :.7

(ekt aejcudmd ae tlm gfkvm jgtmhkrams) 1418 78%

Gctlkuhl tlm rmpkrtmd stgtastajgc jcgssaiajgtakes ged eu`fmrs kiigtgcatams vgry sk`mwlgt irk` ymgr tk ymgr, at as jcmgr tlgt `ktkrvmlajcm gjjadmets as tlm jkesastmet cmgdmr, ged wkrnpcgjm vakcmejm assmjked g`keh jgusms ki wkrnpcgjm igtgcatams. Fy jk`pgraske, iarm as gùjl `krm fmeahe jgusm ki wkrnpcgjm igtgcatams, gt gfkut : pmrjmet kitlm tktgc.




7:.4=. Tlm gpprkpragtm KZLG Hmemrgc Aedustry stgedgrd ikr Rkrtgfcm IarmMxtaehuaslmrs as 61JIV7172.7=8, gs jge fm dmtmràemd irk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm. Gjjkrdaeh tk tlm Zjkpm ged Gppcajgtake smjtake ki tlas stgedgrd(7172.7=8(g)), KZLG spmjaiams rmquarm`mets ikr pkrtgfcm iarmmxtaehuaslmrs tk ”gppcy tk tlm pcgjm`met, usm, `gaetmegejm, ged tmstaehki pkrtgfcm iarm mxtaehuaslmrs prkvadmd ikr tlm usm ki m`pckymms.’ Ektmtlgt tlm ikrmhkaeh stgtm`met dkms ekt stgtm tlgt gcc hmemrgc aedustry

igjacatams grm rmquarmd tk lgvm pkrtgfcm iarm mxtaehuaslmrs. Tlmstgtm`met spmjaiams wlgt rucms gppcy kecy wlme sujl mxtaehuaslmrs grm”prkvadmd ikr tlm usm ki m`pckymms.’ Gctmregtavm strgtmhams ikr dmgcaehwatl iarm lgzgrds grm rmjkheazmd fy KZLG. Zmm KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=9 ikr rucms pmrtgaeaeh tk tlm strgtmhy ki `gaetgaeaeh iarmfrahgdms ikr iahltaeh iarms ”wlmemvmr tlmy grm mstgfcaslmd fy gem`pckymr.’ Ikr eke-pkrtgfcm iarm mxtaehuaslmrs (iaxmd mxtaehuaslaehsystm`s), KZLG lgs spmjaiaj rmquarm`mets tk prktmjt m`pckymms irk` tlmlgzgrds ki usaeh sujl systm`s. Tlm rmquarm`met ikr usaeh sujl systm`s`gy gppmgr ae stgedgrds spmjaiaj tk g pgrtajucgr iarm lgzgrd.

7:.49. KZLG‑s praejapgc jkejmre watl iarm frahgdms as tlm prktmjtake ki tlmwkrnmrs wlk grm dmsahegtmd tk smrvm ae sujl jgpgjaty. Iarm supprmssakelgs g praejapgc kfomjtavm ki prktmjtaeh prkpmrty ckss, ged KZLG‑sjkejmre as tlgt miikrts tk prmvmet prkpmrty ckss dk ekt medgehmr tlmsgimty ki wkrnmrs dmsahegtmd tk iahlt tlm iarms. Zpmjaiaj KZLG jkejmresikr iarm frahgdms grm castmd gs ikcckws gckeh watl gsskjagtmd geeugc

jatgtake gjtavaty gs hgtlmrmd irk` tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm?

Krhgeazgtake ged pmrskeemc iatemss ikr iarmiahltaeh?KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=9(f)(6)? 6 jatgtakes

Iarmiahltmr trgaeaeh?KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=9(j)? 68 jatgtakes

@gaetmegejm ged aespmjtake ki iarmiahltaeh mquap`met,aejcudaeh rmspargtkrs?

KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=9(d)? 4 jatgtakesRrktmjtavm jcktlaeh ikr iarmiahltmrs?

KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=9(m)? 8 jatgtakesVmspargtkry prktmjtake ikr iarmiahltmrs?

KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.7=9(i)? 6 jatgtakesZkurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm

7:.48. Tlm gpprkpragtm KZLG stgedgrd ikr iarm gcgr` systm`s, gs dmtmràemdirk` tlm KZLG wmfsatm, as?

KZLG stgedgrd 61JIV7172.79= ‚ M`pckymm Gcgr` Zystm`s?

Eu`fmr ki jatgtakes ikr tlm iasjgc ymgr? 91 jatgtakesZkurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm




74.7. Tlrmm cmhs ki tlm ikur `gy fm suppkrtaeh tlm iucc wmahlt gt gey havmeta`m, watl tlm ikurtl cmh fmaeh scgjn.

74.6. Rut gcc u-fkct jcaps ke rkpms watl tlm sgddcm gssm`fcy ke tlm cavmpkrtake ki tlm rkpm, aestmgd ki vajm vmrsg.

74.:. Tlm jrgem as uegfcm tk pajn up ge kvmrckgd fmjgusm tlm jrgem asmquappmd watl g lkast `ktkr tlgt jgeekt dmvmckp suiiajamet tkrqum tkkvmrckgd tlm jrgem.

74.4. Xgrmlkusm spgjm

74.=. (f)> tlm gehcm ki tlm scaeh cmhs grm jcksmr tk vmrtajgc. Krametgtake(g) wkucd pcgjm `krm strmss ke tlm scaeh cmhs fmjgusm tlm scaeh cmhswkucd fm `krm lkrazketgc tk rmgjl grkued tlm lkrazketgc krametgtake kitlm ckgd.

74.9. CRZ tk g typm DQ? sgimr ged tlmrmikrm KNDQ tk CRZ? CRZ wkucd ekt fm gutlkrazmd ikr Jcgss AAA, Davasake Algzgrdkus grmgs

74.8. Tlm ekr`gc stgtus (emutrgc) ki tlm spraeh-puslfuttkes wkucd `gaetgaetlm pksatake ki tlm jrgem ae mvmet ki g pkwmr igacurm ged rmture kipkwmr.

74.<. @mjlgeajgc gdvgetghm 0 4Vgtmd ckgd 0 eu`fmr ki pgrts ki rkpm x (62%) x ekàegc frmgnaeh

strmehtlVC 0 4 x 62% x =222VC 0 4222 cfs

4222 - 622 0 :<22 cfs (gcckwaeh ikr ckgd fckjn)

74.1. G prkomjtake ae irket ki tlm wlmmcs ke kvmrlmgd fradhm jrgems tlgtjcmgrs tlm rgacs ki kfstrujtakes. At as emmdmd tk prmvmet tlm fradhmtrujn (jrgem) irk` fmaeh dmrgacmd.

74.72. (7) askcgtm kr mcaàegtm tlm ae-rueeaeh eap pkaet(6) aestgcc hugrds(:) aestgcc m`mrhmejy trappaeh dmvajms

74.77. Zk tlgt tlm cgddmr wacc ekt fm `kvmd tk gektlmr ckjgtake wlacm tlmjrgem as ae usm, tlmrmfy rm`kvaeh tlm kpmrgtkr's `mges ki das`kuetaeh.

74.76. Tg`pmraeh watl tlm dmsahe kr gctmraeh tlm trujn `gy aevgcadgtm tlm

gpprkvgc jcgssaiajgtake ki tlm trujn.

74.7:. Vmimr tk tlm KZLG wmfsatm tk jlmjn KZLG stgedgrds uedmr tlm hmemrgclmgdaeh ”@gtmragc Lgedcaeh ged Ztkrghm.’ Ikcckwaeh grm twk mxg`pcmpmrikr`gejm stgedgrds?

7172.789(g)

]sm ki `mjlgeajgc mquap`met. Xlmrm `mjlgeajgc lgedcaeh mquap`met as usmd, suiiajamet sgim

jcmgrgejms slgcc fm gcckwmd ikr gascms, gt ckgdaeh dkjns, tlrkuhl dkkrwgys ged wlmrmvmr tures kr

pgssghm ùst fm `gdm. Gascms ged pgssghmwgys slgcc fm nmpt jcmgr ged ae hkkd rmpgar, watl ek

kfstrujtake gjrkss kr ae gascms tlgt jkucd jrmgtm g lgzgrd. Rmr`gemet gascms ged pgssghmwgys slgcc

fm gpprkpragtmcy grnmd.

Ektm tlgt tlm gfkvm wkrdaeh dkms ekt spmjaiy mxgjtcy lkw wadm ge gascmslkucd fm tk gjlamvm ”suiiajamet sgim jcmgrgejms.’ Gcsk ektm tlgt tlmstgedgrd jgccs ikr gascms tk fm ”gpprkpragtmcy’ `grnmd. Tlm stgedgrddkms ekt spmjaiy wlgt jkestatutms ”gpprkpragtmcy `grnmd.’

7172.789(f)

Zmjurm stkrghm. Ztkrghm ki `gtmragc slgcc ekt jrmgtm g lgzgrd. Fghs, jketgaemrs, fuedcms, mtj.,

stkrmd ae tamrs slgcc fm stgjnmd, fckjnmd, aetmrckjnmd ged caàtmd ae lmahlt sk tlgt tlmy grm stgfcm

ged smjurm ghgaest scadaeh kr jkccgpsm.

Ektm tlgt tlm gfkvm wkrdaeh dkms ekt spmjaiy g `gxaù` lmahlt ikrstgjnaeh `gtmragcs. Tlm dmjasake as cmit tk tlm m`pckymr tk nmmp lmahlt



caàtmd tk tlm dmhrmm emjmssgry tk prmvmet tlm lgzgrds ki scadaeh krjkccgpsm.

74.74. Fradhm--kvmrlmgd jrkss-hardmr suppkrtaeh tlm trkccmyTrkccmy--jgrrams tlm lkast `mjlgeas`Rmedget--lgehaeh jkrd jketrkcRucpat--iaxmd rm`ktm stgtake ikr jketrkcHgetry--jrgems wlajl lgvm cmhs wlajl suppkrt tlm fradhm gfkvm tlmrgacwgyJgetacmvmr hgetry--hgetry jrgems lgvaeh mxtmesakes ke kem kr fktl medski tlm fradhm

74.7=. (7) slkrtmr wlmmcfgsm (wlajl rmdujms stgfacaty)(6) s`gcc dag`mtmr wlmmcs(:) pkkr vasafacaty wlme ckgdmd(4) g`famet pcget ekasm `gy prmvmet pmdmstrages irk` lmgraeh gegpprkgjlaeh cait trujn

74.79. (7) cgrhm `gss--ùjl cgrhmr `gssms tlge tlm lu`ge fkdy(6) `ktake--tlm irmqumet `kvm`met ki tlm cgrhm `gssms jk`pkueds tlmcanmcalkkd ki aeoury(:) gutk`gtaj kr rm`ktm jketrkc egturm--tlas jketrafutms tk tlm lgzgrdsfy cgjn ki ckjgc jketrkc ki wadm-rgehaeh mquap`met sujl gs jkevmykrfmcts ged `gtmragcs pu`ps(4) iarm--lgzgrds dum tk stkrghm ki `gtmragcs

74.78. Hrkss ckgd 0 pgyckgd + ckgd fckjn

0 6222 + 722 0 6722 cfs

Xarm rkpm ckgd 0Hrkss ckgd

0 6722

0 822 cfs.

@mjl. gdv. :

Eu`fmr ki pgrts ki rkpm 0 :74.7<.

ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl = Mqe. 74.=

warm rkpm ckgd

ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl = ¸ (warm rkpm ckgd)

= ¸ 822

:=22 cfs

74.71. Hrkss ckgd 0 pgyckgd + ckgd fckjn

0 :222 cfs + 7=2 cfs0 :7=2 cfs

Tlm prkfcm` stgtms tlgt tlm warm rkpm as "rgtmd" gt 6,222 cfs. Tlmtmr` "rgtmd" a`pcams tlgt tlm sgimty igjtkr ki = lgs fmme gppcamd gedtlgt

Ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl 0 = x "rgtaeh"0 = x 6222 0 72,222 cfs

Gppcyaeh Mqe. 74.7?

rgtmd ckgd 62% x (ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl)

efr. ki pgrts ki rkpm

:7=2/4 0 88= 62% x 72222 cfs.

Tlmrmikrm tlm gssm`fcy gs dmsjrafmd `mmts stgedgrds.

74.62. Iarst, jgcjucgtm tlm ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl ki tlm warm rkpm?

Ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl 0 = x "rgtaeh"0 = x 6222 0 72,222 cfs

Gppcyaeh Mqe. 74.c?

rgtmd ckgd 62% x (ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl)

efr. ki pgrts ki rkpm

rgtmd ckgd (pgrts ki rkpm) x 62% x (ek`. frn. strmehtl)



4 x 62% x 72222 cfs.

<222 cfs

@gxaù` pgyckgd 0 rgtmd (hrkss) ckgd - ckgd fckjn

<222 cfs - 7=2 cfs 0 8<=2 cfs

74.67. Ymrtajgc jk`pkemet ki ikrjm 0 7/: x 7222 cfke mgjl ki tlrmm cmhs

0 ::: cf.

Xlme g scaeh cmh as :2 irk` lkrazketgc, tlm tmesacm strmss ae tlm scaehcmh as twajm tlm vmrtajgc jk`pkemet ki ikrjm.

Tlmrmikrm, strmss ke mgjl cmh 0 6 x ::: cf 0 998 cf

74.66. Cmt X rmprmsmet tlm `gxaù` tktgc ckgd tlm scaeh as rgtmd tk pajn up.Tlm prkfcm` as tk iaed X.

Xmahlt fkrem fy mgjl scaeh cmh 0 X/:(Tlas as tlm vmrtajgc jk`pkemet ki ikrjm ke mgjl scaeh cmh.)

Tlm tmesacm strmss ke mgjl cmh ae tlm scaeh as caàtmd tk tlm rgtmdckgd ki tlm jlgae usmd ae tlm scaeh, wlajl wgs havme ae tlm prkfcm` gsmqugc tk 9 tkes. Tlme?

X/: 0 sae 92k x 9 tkes

X 0 :(.<99 x 9 tkes) 0 7=.9 tkes

Ai tlm studmet dkms ekt lgvm g fgjnhrkued ae trahkek`mtry, tlm jkrrmjt

rgtak (ikr sae 92) jge fm aeimrrmd irk` Iahurm 74.76(g), ae wlajl tlm

scaeh cmh gehcm as admetajgc (92).

74.6:. Ai tlm trkccmy radms ke tkp ki tlm rgac, tlm dmvajm as g jrgem ged tlmsgimty stgedgrd ikr kvmrlmgd ged hgetry jrgems gppcams. Ai tlm trkccmylgehs irk` tlm ckwmr icgehm, tlm dmvajm as ge uedmrlueh jrgem kr`kekrgac, ged tlm stgedgrd ikr `kekrgacs gppcams.

74.64. Rcuhhaeh as tlm usm ki tlm lkast `ktkr ae rmvmrsm gs g frgnaeh`mjlgeas`. Tlm KZLG stgedgrds dk ekt prklafat pcuhhaeh, fut tlm jrgem

kpmrgtkr slkucd ekt usm pcuhhaeh tk sufstatutm ikr ge aekpmrgtavmfrgnm.

74.6=. Tlm lkast as tlm pgrt ki tlm caitaeh `mjlgeas` tlgt caits tlm scaeh gedtlm pgyckgd. Tlm scaeh as tlm icmxafcm jlgae, warm rkpm, ged ktlmrgttgjl`met tlgt as usmd tk wrgp grkued kr gttgjl tk tlm ckgd sk tlgttlm lkast jge cait at.

74.69. Tlm `krm smvmrm (gjutm) tlm cmh gehcm as irk` tlm lkrazketgc, tlmhrmgtmr wacc fm tlm strmss ke mgjl cmh ki tlm scaeh. Ae qugetatgtavmtmr`s, usaeh trahkek`mtry,

Ts 0 Y s / sae CXlmrm,

Ts 0 tmesacm ikrjm ke g cmh ki g scaeh

Ys 0 vmrtajgc (caitaeh) ikrjm mxmrtmd ke tlm ckgd fy tlascmh ki tlm scaeh

C 0 cmh gehcm ikr tlas cmh ki tlm scaeh

Gs C gpprkgjlms 12, tlm sae C gpprkgjlms ueaty ged Ts 0 Ys.

Gs C gpprkgjlms 2, tlm sae C gpprkgjlms zmrk ged Ts gpprkgjlmsaeiaeaty. Fmikrm Ts rmgjlms aeiaeaty, ki jkursm, tlm scaeh wacc frmgn.

74.68. G scaeh tlgt as tkk slkrt wacc emjmssatgtm g vmry gjutm cmh gehcm gedtlus wacc jgusm g smvmrm strmss upke tlm cmhs ki tlm scaeh.

74.6<. Faedaeh strgps ke g ckgd grm emjmssgracy tahlt tk `gaetgae tlm smjuratyki tlm ckgd. Ai tlm ckgd as pajnmd up fy tlm faedaeh strgps, g vmrysmvmrm (gjutm) gehcm wacc fm ikr`md fy tlm tahlt faedaeh strgps tlgtwacc fm emgrcy lkrazketgc gt tlm gttgjl`met pkaet. Tlm smvmrm gehcm



wacc jgusm ge ueusugccy lahl ikrjm ke tlm strgps, usugccy ùjl hrmgtmrtlge tlm metarm wmahlt ki tlm ckgd. Tlm strgps grm canmcy tk frmgn,drkppaeh tlm ckgd.



74.61. 7. Tlm ae-rueeaeh eap-pkaet ùst fm laddme (suf`mrhmd) ae krdmr ikr

tlm jkevmykr tk kpmrgtm.6. Ge kpmrgtkr kitme ùst stged kr wkrn jcksm tk tlm (laddme) aetgnm

ki tlm sjrmw jkevmykr ae krdmr tk slkvmc kr ktlmrwasm dastrafutm`gtmragc aetk tlm aetgnm.

74.:2. Dmsahe g fkx kr ktlmr mejcksurm grkued tlm jkevmykr aetgnm. Tlm fkx krmejcksurm ùst lgvm kpmeaehs ae krdmr ikr tlm jkevmykr tk kpmrgtm, futtlm kpmeaehs jge usugccy fm `gdm cgrhm mekuhl ikr tlm jkevmykr tkiuejtake, fut s`gcc mekuhl tlgt g wkrnmr's lged, ikkt, kr ktlmr fkdypgrt wacc ekt aetrudm aetk tlm dgehmr zkem.

74.:7. Ai ge kvmrlmgd jrgem as pksatakemd tk pajn up g ckgd satugtmd ae g patae tlm ickkr tlm jrgem caem wacc fm rmmcmd kut g hrmgtmr dastgejm tlgeat wkucd fm ikr g cait irk` ickkr cmvmc. Ai tlm jrgem as dmsahemd tkpajn up ckgds ek ckwmr tlge tlm ickkr, tlme tk rmmc kut iurtlmr tk pajnup g ckwmr ckgd wkucd pkssafcy rmdujm tlm eu`fmr ki wrgps ke tlm dru`tk g dgehmrkus pkaet. Ikr sgimty, tlm gcckwgfcm àeaù` ikr tlm eu`fmrki wrgps ke tlm warm rkpm dru` as twk.

74.:6 Caitaeh as vmry jk`pcmx ged aeourams irk` caitaeh grm jgusmd fy gvgramty ki igjtkrs tlgt grm daiiajuct tk jketrkc. Mxg`pcms grm tlmhmk`mtry ki tlm kfomjt tk fm caitmd, tlm plysajgc jkedatake ki tlmcaitmr, ged tlm pksturm ki tlm caitmr. G rahad stgedgrd jkucd lgrdcyjkesadmr gcc ki tlm igjtkrs ged wkucd fm vmry daiiajuct tk meikrjm.

74.:: Tlm hrmgtmr tlm lkrazketgc dastgejm ki tlm ckgd irk` tlm caitmr's fkdy,tlm `krm daiiajuct at wacc fm ikr tlm caitmr tk `geghm tlm cait.

Tlmrmikrm, tlm `gxaù` ckgd tlm caitmr jge pajn up as rmdujmd (hrmgtcy)fy tlas lkrazketgc dastgejm. Tlm hmk`mtry ki tlm ckgd jge hrmgtcygiimjt tlas dastgejm.

74.:4 Xlme caitmrs cait watl tlmar cmhs, tlmy grm caitaeh ekt kecy tlm ckgdfut tlmar metarm fkdy gs wmcc. Ae gddatake, at jge fm vmry gwnwgrd krdaiiajuct tk pksatake tlm ckgd tk cait at watl tlm caitmr's cmhs.

74.:= Tlm lkast ùst fm rgtmd gt 72 tkes 0 62, 222 cfs. Ae tlm dmsahe ki tlmsystm` wm ùst jkesadmr tlm wmahlt ki tlm ckgd fckjn, wlajl ikr tlasskcutake wm wacc gssu`m g wmahlt ki 7=2 cfs. Tlmrmikrm, tlm tktgc rgtmdckgd aejcudaeh tlm ckgd fckjn wacc fm 62,7=2 cfs. Gppcyaeh tlas g`kuettk Mqe 74.7,

627=262%

62%

,

e

x ekàegc frmgnaeh strmehtl ki tlm rkpm

wlmrm e 0 tlm eu`fmr ki pgrts ki rkpm

62,7=2

ex :2,222 cfs 0 9,222 cfs

Try e 0 6? 62,7=2/6 0 72, 28= (Tlas as ekt 9222 cfs)

Try e 0 :? 62,7=2/: 0 9, 878 (Tlas as ekt 9222 cfs)

Try e 0 4? 62,7=2/4 0 =,2:8.= (Tlas as 9222 cfs)

G `mjlgeajgc gdvgetghm ki 4 pgrts ki rkpm wacc fm rmquarmd, wlajl waccemjmssatgtm twk slmgvms ke tlm uppmr fckjn ged twk ke tlm ckwmr fckjn,gs slkwe ae tlm snmtjl.



74.:9. Tlm dmsahe skcutake ikr tlas mxmrjasm tgnms g jkesmrvgtavm gpprkgjl fy

gssuàeh tlgt tlm wgccs, jmacaeh, ged ktlmr surigjms gckeh tlm gascmski tlm wgrmlkusm grm fcgjn ged dk ekt rmicmjt cahlt. Tlus tlm pkaetskurjm cg`ps prkvadm tlm kecy accuàegtake tk tlm surigjm. Tlm `kstpkkrcy accuàegtmd pkaets gckeh tlm gascms wkucd fm tlm ickkr pkaets`kst dastget irk` gey cg`p, a.m., tlksm pkaets lgciwgy fmtwmme gdogjmetcg`ps. Tlm accuàegtake ki tlksm pkaets wkucd pra`gracy m`gegtm irk`tlm twk fucfs mquadastget irk` twk gdogjmet cg`ps. Gctlkuhl sk`m cahltwkucd gcsk fm prkvadmd fy ktlmr cg`ps `krm dastget irk` tlm pkaet tlgetlm twk gdogjmet cg`ps, tlas gddatakegc cahlt wacc fm ahekrmd ae tlasgegcysas tk tgnm g jkesmrvgtavm gpprkgjl tk fm surm tlgt gdmqugtm cahlt

as prkvadmd. Tlm accuàegtake ki pkaet x irk` g havme cg`p ae cu`mespmr squgrm ikkt as ikued fy davadaeh tlm cu`me kutput ki tlm fucf fytlm grmg ke tlm surigjm ki g splmrm ki rgdaus mqugc tk tlm dastgejm

irk` tlm cg`p tk pkaet x. Tlm grmg ki g splmrm as 4r6.

Tlmrm wacc fm g trgdmkii fmtwmme tlm cg`p aetmesaty ged tlm spgjaeh kitlm cg`ps. Zmcmjtaeh cg`ps jgpgfcm ki prkdujaeh <222 cu`mes mgjl gedgssuàeh tlgt accuàegtake ki tlm `kst dastget pkaet irk` twk cg`pswkucd fm mqugccy accuàegtmd fy mgjl ki tlm twk cg`ps, mgjl cg`p wkucdfm rmquarmd tk accuàegtm tlm pkaet fy 7 cu`me pmr squgrm ikkt (7/6 ki6 cu`mes pmr squgrm ikkt). Tlmrmikrm tlm grmg ki tlm splmrm kiaccuàegtake wkucd fm 7822 squgrm immt. Tlme

<222 0 4r6 ged

r 0 6=.6: immt

Tlas rgdagc dastgejm wkucd rmprmsmet tlm lypktmeusm ki g rahlt tragehcmae wlajl kem cmh wkucd fm tlm jmacaeh lmahlt (62 it) ged tlm ktlmr cmhwkucd rmprmsmet lkrazketgc dastgejm x (mgrcamr dmiaemd) ged lgci tlmlkrazketgc dastgejm tk tlm emgrmst gdogjmet cg`p. Tlus,

x6 + 626 0 6=.6:6 ged

x 0 7=.:<

Tlm lkrazketgc spgjaeh fmtwmme tlm cg`ps wkucd tlme fm 6 x 7=.:< 0:7.89 immt. G spgjaeh ki gey g`kuet cmss tlge :7 immt slkucd fmgdmqugtm. Tk fm jkesmrvgtavm, g spgjaeh ki 6= immt slkucd prkvadm sk`m`grhae ikr mrrkr.

74.:8. Tlm prkpksgc tk pcgjm g tkhhcm swatjl jketrkc fkx ke tlm wgcc rgasmssk`m sgimty jkesadmrgtakes tlgt slkucd fm jk`ùeajgtmd tk tlm dmsahe

tmg`. Kem jkejmre wkucd fm tlm tkhhcm swatjlms. Jrgem jketrkcs slkucdfm ki tlm ”dmgd`ge’ typm, wlajl, ai rmcmgsmd, wacc stkp jrgem `kvm`met.Gektlmr jkesadmrgtake as tlm pcgjm`met ki tlm jketrkc ae g iaxmd

pksatake ke tlm wgcc. Ge kvmrlmgd fradhm jrgem wacc trgvmc sk`mdastgejm gwgy irk` tlm jketrkc fkx ke tlm wgcc. G fmttmr dmsahe wkucdfm g pmedget jketrkc ke g icmxafcm jkrd tlgt wacc trgvmc watl tlmfradhm ged trkccmy, pcgjaeh tlm jrgem kpmrgtkr ae jcksmr prkxaàty tktlm lkast. Gektlmr jkesadmrgtake wkucd fm tlm jgpgfacaty tk ckjn kuttlm jketrkc ikr `gaetmegejm. Ek `metake wgs `gdm ki ckjn-kutjgpgfacaty ae tlm prkpksmd tkhhcm swatjl fkx tk fm `kuetmd ke tlm wgcc.Tlm lgzgrds irk` igacurm tk ckjn kut g jrgem duraeh `gaetmegejm grm

ghhrgvgtmd fy tlm dastgejms wlajl g jrgem jge trgvmc gwgy irk` g iaxmd,wgcc-`kuetmd jketrkc.

74.:<. Tlm geswmr tk tlas qumstake wacc vgry dmpmedaeh upke tlm cmvmc kijurrmet rmsmgrjl ae tlas grmg gt tlm ta`m ki smgrjl ke tlm Aetmremt. Gski tlas wrataeh (àd-622:) 79 lats wmrm rmturemd ikr g smgrjl ki tlm

ikcckwaeh nmywkrd plrgsm? EAKZL caitaeh caàts saùcgtake vartugcrmgcaty



JLGRTMV 7= ZKC]TAKEZ TK MED-KI-JLGRTMV M\MVJAZMZ

7=.7. Tlgt pgrt ki tlm `gjlaem wlmrm tlm tkkc mehghms tlm wkrn.

7=.6. (7) Rkaet ki kpmrgtake, (6) Rkwmr trgesàssake, (:) Ae-rueeaeh eappkaets, (4) Vktgtaeh kr rmjaprkjgtaeh `gjlaem pgrts, (=) Icyaeh jlaps,spgrns, kr pgrts.Tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake as tlm `kst a`pkrtget irk` g sgimty stgedpkaet.

7=.:. (7) Xlmrm fmcts jketgjt puccmys, (6) Xlmrm hmgrs `msl, (:) Xlmrm `gtaehrkccmrs `gnm jketgjt

7=.4. (7) Hugrdaeh "fy ckjgtake" as pksatakeaeh tlm `gjlaem kr kpmrgtake skgs tk pksatake tlm dgehmrkus pgrts wlmrm ek kem wacc fm mxpksmd tk tlmdgehmr, (6) Hugrdaeh as "fy dastgejm" wlme tlm sazm ki tlm `gtmragc krtlm egturm ki tlm kpmrgtake dkms ekt rmquarm tlm kpmrgtkr tk hmt jcksmtk tlm dgehmr.

7=.=. G ckjnkut as tlm usm ki g ckjn ke ge ke-kii swatjl kr jketrkc fkx tkprmvmet usm ki g `gjlaem wlacm tlm `gjlaem as dkwe ikr rmpgar kr`gaetmegejm.Ge aetmrckjn as ge mcmjtrajgc jarjuat wlajl prmvmets kpmrgtake ki g`gjlaem uedmr jmrtgae jarju`stgejms, sujl gs "mejcksurm ekt ae pcgjm"kr "hgtm kpme."

7=.9. Tlm eycke as `krm susjmptafcm tlge `mtgc tk tlm fuacdup ki kac ged caetwlajl dmjrmgsms tlm miiajamejy ki tlm ige.Gey ige hugrd (aejcudaeh eycke `msl) wacc dmjrmgsm ige miiajamejy.

7=.8. Z.D. 0 .::: smj x 9: ae/smj 0 67 ae

7=.<. Z.D. 0 92/12^7/6 + 7/74P x 9: 0 64 ae

7=.1. Tlm lkcms grm ikr tlm purpksm ki gejlkraeh g `gjlaem (7) ikr mgsm kislappaeh, (6) ikr smjuraty purpksms, kr (:) fmjgusm tlm `gjlaem asdmsahemd ikr usm ae g "iaxmd ckjgtake."

7=.72. (7) Hgtms, (6) Rrmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajms, (:) Rucc-kuts kr puccfgjns,(4) Lkcd-kuts kr rmstrgaets, (=) Twk-lged jketrkcs, (9) Twk-lged traps.

7=.77. Ge aetmrckjnmd fgrramr hugrd lgs ge aetmrckjn wlajl dasgfcms tlm`gjlaem's gjtugtaeh `mjlgeas` wlmemvmr tlm hugrd as kpmemd. At as ektaetmedmd ikr `geugc immdaeh.G hgtm kpmes ged jcksms watl mgjl `gjlaem jyjcm ged as g pmràssafcmsgimhugrdaeh `mtlkd ikr `geugccy-imd pkwmr prmssms.

7=.76. Twk-lged jketrkcs wacc stkp tlm `gjlaem ai tlmy grm rmcmgsmdprm`gturmcy. Twk-lged traps jgusm tlm `gjlaem tk jk`pcmtm kem jyjcmrmhgrdcmss ki rmcmgsm ta`m.

7=.7:. Typm G hgtms jcksm fmikrm tlm prmss strknm as aeatagtmd ged rm`gaejcksmd uetac gcc `ktake ki tlm rg` lgs jmgsmd. Typm F hgtms jcksmfmikrm tlm prmss strknm as aeatagtmd fut kpme gitmr jk`pcmtake ki tlmdkwewgrd strknm, gcckwaeh tlm kpmrgtkr tk rmgjl ae fmikrm `ktake lgsjmgsmd.Tlm Typm G hgtm as tlm sgimr ki tlm twk.

7=.74. Gccme-lmgd sjrmws `gnm tlm rm`kvgc ki tlm `gjlaem hugrd `krmtrkufcmsk`m. Tlm `gjlaem kpmrgtkr as cmss canmcy tk rm`kvm at tlge aitlm `gjlaem hugrd as smjurmd fy waeh euts.

7=.7=. Qms (irk` Tgfcm 7=.7)

7=.79. Ge "gwgrmemss fgrramr" as g dmvajm tk rmàed tlm kpmrgtkr tlgt las/lmrlged kr sk`m fkdy pgrt as ae dgehmr.G "oah hugrd" lgs tlm iuejtake ki fktl prktmjtaeh tlm kpmrgtkr gedigjacatgtaeh tlm kpmrgtake tk aejrmgsm prkdujtavaty. Tlm oah hugrdusugccy as dmsahemd tk lkcd tlm wkrnpamjm ae tlm jkrrmjt pksatake ikrkpmrgtakes tk fm pmrikr`md upke at.

7=.78. G iucc-rmvkcutake prmss jcutjl wacc jgusm tlm jrgenslgit ged icywlmmctk `gnm kem jk`pcmtm rmvkcutake tkhmtlmr. G pgrt-rmvkcutake prmssjcutjl typajgccy lgs g irajtake jcutjl wlajl jge fm mehghmd krdasmehghmd gt gey pkaet ae jrgenslgit jyjcm, pmràttaeh tlm rg` tk fmstkppmd gt gey pkaet. "Rgrt rmvkcutake" typm as sgimr.



7=.7<. "@utaeh" as tlm prkjmss ki fypgssaeh g prmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajm. @utaehas pmràttmd ke tlm cmss-dgehmrkus upwgrd pkrtake ki tlm prmss strknmged tlus jge fm usmd tk `gnm tlm kpmrgtake `krm miiajamet fy pmràttaehtlm immdaeh ki tlm dams duraeh tlm upwgrd strknm. G ùtmd prmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajm as gegckhkus tk g Typm F hgtm, wlmrmgs ge ueùtmdprmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajm as canm g Typm G hgtm.

7=.71. Hgcvgeazmd warm `msl as `krm durgfcm fmjgusm tlm ouejturms ki tlm warmjrkssaeh mgjl ktlmr grm lmcd tkhmtlmr fy tlm iusmd hgcvgeazaeh `mtgc.Tlus, pmrskeemc grm cmss canmcy tk pmemtrgtm kr dastkrt tlm hugrd `mslged mejkuetmr tlm dgehmr zkem.

7=.62. Tlm emmd ikr prkpmr gdoust`met dum tk vgragtakes ae kpmrgtkr's fkdypgrt sazms kr vgragtakes ae prmss smtup--mspmjagccy vgragtakes ae damsazms.

7=.67. "Ruccfgjns" pucc tlm kpmrgtkr's lgeds kut ki tlm dgehmr grmg gs tlm rg``gnms ats dkwewgrd strknm."Vmstrgaets" dk ekt gcckw tlm kpmrgtkr's lgeds tk metmr tlm dgehmr zkemgt gey ta`m.

7=.66. Zgimty dastgejm 0 2.:8 smjkeds x 9: aejlms/smjked0 6:.:7 aejlms

7=.6:. Gt g àeaù` dastgejm mqugc tk tlm geswmr ki Wumstake 7=.66.

7=.64. Zgimty dastgejm 0 92/rp`(7/6 + 7/E) x 9:

0 92/92(7/6 +7/4) x 9:

0 48.6= aejlms

7=.6=. Ek, tlm `gjlaem lgs g iucc rmvkcutake jcutjl ged tlm rg` jgeekt fmstkppmd fy tlm twk-lged jketrkc.Rrmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajms grm accmhgc ikr iucc-rmvkcutake prmssms.

7=.69. (7) Igacurm tk nmmp tlm wkrnrmst ae jcksm gdoust`met (watlae 7/< aejl)tk tlm wlmmc ke kiilged hraedaeh `gjlaems.(6) Igacurm tk nmmp tlm tkehum hugrd gdoustmd tk watlae 7/4 aejl.(:) Igacurm tk hugrd tlm wlmmc (aejcudaeh fkct med ged icgehm)suiiajametcy.Gcc tlrmm ki tlmsm rucms grm ga`md gt prktmjtaeh tlm wkrnmr ae tlmmvmet ki g frmgnup ki tlm wlmmc kr prmvmetaeh tlm frmgnup ki tlm wlmmc.Hraedaeh wlmmc frmgnup jge rmsuct ae wkrnmr igtgcaty.

7=.68. Ai tlm dam kpmeaeh as cmss tlge ³ aejl, tlme tlm dam atsmci `mmts tlm

hugrd kpmeaeh da`mesakes spmjaiamd ae tlm KZLG stgedgrd (smm Tgfcm7=.7). Fy tlas sg`m rmgskeaeh, tlm KZLG stgedgrd mxpcajatcy mxm`pts gcc`mjlgeajgc pkwmr prmssms lgvaeh cmss tlge ³ aejl `gxaù` dam kpmeaehirk` tlm pkaet-ki-kpmrgtake sgimhugrdaeh rmquarm`mets.

7=.6<. Najnfgjn as `krm canmcy ged as g hrmgtmr lgzgrd ikr rapsgws tlge ikrjrkssjut sgws.

7=.61. Tlm "raeh" tmst as tk dmtmràem ai g hraedaeh wlmmc as jrgjnmd. Tlmwlmmc as tgppmd watl g eke-`mtgccaj kfomjt. G hkkd wlmmc wacc raehwlmrmgs g jrgjnmd wlmmc wacc skued ducc.

7=.:2. Jk`prmssmd gar lksms jge jgusm lgzgrdkus icyaeh jlaps. Gcsk,jk`prmssmd gar gt krdaegry slkp gar prmssurms jge mvme jgusm igtgcatamsai aetrkdujmd aetk tlm fkdy tlrkuhl lkrsmpcgy, mxpmra`metgtake, krjgrmcmssemss. Xkrnmrs slkucd fm tguhlt tk mxmrjasm jgrm ekt tk lkcdtlm jk`prmssmd gar ekzzcm ghgaest tlmar snae kr gey pgrt ki tlmarfkdams.Jk`prmssmd gar as pmràttmd ikr jcmgeaeh gt prmssurms ki :2 psa krcmss ged tlme kecy watl jlap hugrdaeh kr pmrskegc prktmjtavm mquap`met.Mvme gar prmssurms ki :2 psa jge fm dgehmrkus tk tlm fkdy.

7=.:7. Zlgit jkupcaehs emmd ek hugrds wlme fkcts, euts, ged smtsjrmws grmjkuetmrsuen sk tlgt ek lgzgrdkus prkomjtakes grm prmsmet. At asiurtlmr dmsarmd tlgt sujl igstmemrs fm usmd pgrgccmc tk tlm slgitaeh.

7=.:6. 7 7/6 aejlms (irk` Tgfcm 7=.7)

7=.::. @kst ki tlm jatgtakes lgvm fmme prkjmdurgc?7. Igacurm tk mstgfcasl g prkhrg` ikr ckjnkut/tghkut.6. Igacurm tk trgae m`pckymms ikr ckjnkut/tghkut.:. Igacurm tk dkju`met prkjmdurms ikr ckjnkut/tghkut.



7=.:4. G dasjkeemjt swatjl kr jarjuat frmgnmr jge fm pcgjmd ae smrams watl tlm

puslfuttke ke/kii swatjlms tk dasgfcm tlm `gjlaem ged euccaiy tlmmiimjt ki g ekr`gc puslfuttke stgrt swatjl.

7=.:=. Hugrdaeh "fy ckjgtake" as pksatakeaeh tlm `gjlaem kr kpmrgtake sk gs tkpksatake tlm dgehmrkus pgrts wlmrm ek kem wacc fm mxpksmd tk tlmdgehmr. Hugrdaeh as "fy dastgejm" wlme tlm sazm ki tlm `gtmragc kr tlmegturm ki tlm kpmrgtake dkms ekt rmquarm tlm kpmrgtkr tk hmt jcksm tktlm dgehmr. Tlm twk `mtlkds ki hugrdaeh pmrtgae tk metarmcy daiimrmetsatugtakes.

7=.:9. Mvme wlme turemd kii, g `gjlaem jge rmtgae dgehmrkus qugetatams kinaemtaj kr pktmetagc memrhy. At as mvme pkssafcm ikr g `gjlaem tkkpmrgtm sk`mwlgt wlme at as turemd kii, rueeaeh ke tlm rmsadugc memrhyae g rktgtaeh icywlmmc, ikr aestgejm. G prkjmdurm tk pcgjm g `gjlaemae "zmrk `mjlgeajgc stgtm" ekt kecy tures kii tlm pkwmr skurjms, futgcsk rm`kvms gcc rmsadugc ikr`s ki memrhy sk tlgt tlm `gjlaem asaejgpgfcm ki gjtugtaeh gey ki ats pgrts mvme ai tlmrm as sk`m igacurmkr aegdvmrtmet gjtugtake ki pgrt ki tlm `gjlaem.

7=.:8. Ge "memrhy askcgtake dmvajm" as `krm tlge g swatjl> at as g swatjl tlgtùst fm jgpgfcm ki fmaeh ckjnmd kii.

7=.:<. Icyaeh jlaps, spgrns, kr pgrts.

7=.:1. Tlm Hmemrgc Igac-Zgim Rraejapcm

7=.42. Tlm fmst jkckr as usugccy fcgjn. Tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake as wlmrm tlm`gjlaem dkms tlm wkrn, ged ge kpmrgtkr kitme ùst fm gfcm tk smm aetktlm `gjlaem gt tlas pkaet. Ai tlm hugrd as pgaetmd krgehm kr sk`mktlmr frahlt jkckr, at aelafats tlm kpmrgtkr's gfacaty tk smm aetk tlmpkaet ki kpmrgtake.

7=.47. Lged-immdaeh tkkcs kr tkehs igjacatgtm tlm prkjmss ged melgejm sgimtyfy rm`kvaeh tlm emmd ikr kpmrgtkrs tk pcgjm tlmar iaehmrs kr lgeds aetktlm dgehmr zkem ikr tlm purpksm ki immdaeh tlm `gjlaem. Lkwmvmr, tlmlgzgrdkus grmg as stacc mxpksmd, ged ai ikr gey rmgske kpmrgtkrs jlkksmtk rmgjl aetk tlm dgehmr zkem watlkut tlm lged-immdaeh tkkcs, tlmy grmmxpksmd tk tlm lgzgrd. Mvme watl tlm lged-immdaeh tkkcs, at aspkssafcm ikr kpmrgtkrs tk pcgjm lgeds kr iaehmrs aesadm tlm dgehmrzkem. Ikr tlmsm rmgskes, lged-immdaeh tkkcs kr tkehs dk ekt qugcaiy gs`mtlkds ki "sgimhugrdaeh tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake."

7=.46. Iaxmd fgrramr hugrd

Gdoustgfcm fgrramr hugrdDam mejcksurm hugrdAetmrckjnmd fgrramr hugrd

7=.4:. Dam mejcksurm hugrds lgvm tlm gdvgetghm ki fmaeh s`gcc ged jcksm tk tlmkpmrgtake ki tlm `gjlaem, `gnaeh tlm` miiajamet ged jkevmeamet. Tlmyjge fm spmjagccy dmsahemd tk iat tlm pgrtajucgr dam's kpmrgtake. Iaxmdfgrramr hugrds ùst gjjk``kdgtm gcc dam jkeiahurgtakes tlgt àhlt fm`kuetmd ke tlm `gjlaem gt vgrakus ta`ms kr ikr vgrakus smtups. Tlmygrm emjmssgracy cgrhm ged, ikr sk`m kpmrgtakes, gwnwgrd. Tlm gdvgetghmki tlm iaxmd fgrramr hugrd, lkwmvmr, as tlgt kem hugrd as suatgfcm ikrgcc kpmrgtakes ged smtups.

7=.44. Tlm ikcckwaeh pkssafacatams grm castmd ae tlm krdmr ki tlmarsmrakusemss?7. Tlm pgrt wacc fm dg`ghmd kr ruaemd.6. Tlm dam atsmci (ùjl `krm mxpmesavm) wacc fm ruaemd.:. Tlm kpmrgtkr wacc fm aeourmd fy icyaeh frknme pamjms ki tlm prkdujt

pgrt kr tlm dam.

7=.4=. Lkcdkuts kr rmstrgaets

7=.49. Typm F hgtms grm cmhgc ke iucc-rmvkcutake prmssms, fut tlmy grmsk`mwlgt `krm lgzgrdkus tlge g Typm G hgtm kr ktlmr `krm pksatavm`mtlkds ki nmmpaeh tlm kpmrgtkr's lged kut ki tlm dgehmr zkem. Tlmmxtrg lgzgrd aetrkdujmd fy tlm Typm F hgtm as tlgt at gcckws tlmkpmrgtkr tk rmgjl ae duraeh tlm upwgrd (cmss lgzgrdkus) pgrt ki tlmstrknm. Fut duraeh tlm upwgrd strknm tlm rg` ki g iucc rmvkcutakeprmss as stacc mehghmd `mjlgeajgccy tk tlm icywlmmc. Ai tlmrm as gigacurm ki tlm mehghm`met `mjlgeas` tk dasmehghm, tlm rg` jge, gedsk`mta`ms dkms, mxmjutm g rmpmgt strknm.



7=.48. Tlm pra`gry gdvgetghm ki tlm irajtake jcutjl as tlgt at megfcms tlmprmss rg` tk fm dasmehghmd irk` tlm icywlmmc gt gey pkaet ae tlmstrknm, ae tlm mvmet ki ge m`mrhmejy kr g rmgjl aetk tlm dgehmr zkemàdstrknm. Gektlmr gdvgetghm as tlgt tlm irajtake jcutjl jge spmmd upprkdujtake ae tk wgys? (7) at jge pmràt tlm kpmrgtkr jketrkcs tk fmsgimcy ckjgtmd jcksmr tk tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake, ged (6) at jge mehghmtlm icywlmmc a``mdagtmcy ikr g quajnmr aeatagtake ki tlm dkwewgrdstrknm.

7=.4<. Typm G hgtms ke pgrt rmvkcutake prmssms? (]ecmss tlm prmsssgimhugrdaeh systm` as aespmjtmd wmmncy). Tlm typm G hgtms jcksmfmikrm aeatagtake ki tlm dkwewgrd strknm ki tlm rg` ged stgy jcksmd

uetac tlm `ktake ki tlm rg` lgs jmgsmd (gitmr jk`pcmtake ki tlm upwgrdstrknm).Typm F hgtms ke pgrt rmvkcutake prmssms? (]ecmss tlm prmsssgimhugrdaeh systm` as aespmjtmd wmmncy). Tlmy jcksm fmikrm aeatagtakeki tlm dkwewgrd strknm, fut tlmy rmkpme ghgae duraeh tlm upwgrd strknm.Ikr tlm Typm F hgtm smtup, tlm frgnm `keatkr ged jketrkc systm` ùstdmtmjt tkp-stkp kvmrrue fmyked caàts.Rrmsmejm smesaeh dmvajms ke pgrt rmvkcutake prmssms? Tlmy aetmrrupttlm gjtugtake ki tlm rg` àd-strknm ai tlm kpmrgtkr kr geytlaeh mcsmaetrudms upke tlm prktmjtavm sjrmme.Twk-lged jketrkcs ke pgrt rmvkcutake prmssms? Tlmy rmquarm fktl lgedski tlm kpmrgtkr tk fm sgimcy kutsadm tlm dgehmr zkem tk jkejurrmetcylkcd tlm futtkes kr ktlmr jketrkcs tk gjtugtm tlm rg` duraeh tlm metarmstrknm.Twk-lged traps ke pgrt rmvkcutake prmssms? Tlmy rmquarm fktl lgeds kitlm kpmrgtkr tk fm sgimcy kutsadm tlm dgehmr zkem tk jkejurrmetcy prmsstlm futtkes kr ktlmr trappaeh `mjlgeas`s tk aeatagtm gjtake ki tlm rg`

strknm. At slkucd fm rmjkheazmd tlgt g twk-lged trap smtup as ueusugcikr g pgrt-rmvkcutake prmss. Tlm twk-lged trap `mjlgeas` dkms ekt tgnmgdvgetghm ki tlm prmss's jgpgfacaty ki fmaeh stkppmd àd-strknm.Gctlkuhl ekt mxprmsscy accmhgc ae tlm KZLG stgedgrds, g twk-lged trapke g pgrt rmvkcutake prmss wkucd emjmssatgtm usaeh tlm Zgimty Dastgejmikrùcg ikr twk-lged traps watl ge aeiaeatm eu`fmr ki mehghm`metpkaets. Gctlkuhl sujl g smt-up wkucd fm g scahlt a`prkvm`met kvmr giucc rmvkcutake prmss watl g iaeatm eu`fmr ki mehghm`met pkaets, atwkucd fm fktl sgimr ged `krm miiajamet tk m`pcky twk-lged jketrkcs tlgtjkucd tgnm gdvgetghm ki tlm jcutjl ged frgnm tk stkp tlm rg` àd-strknm.Zujl ge grrgehm`met wkucd pmràt tlm usm ki tlm sgimty dastgejm ikrùcgikr twk-lged jketrkcs ged wkucd rmsuct ae g jcksmr ged `krm miiajametpcgjm`met ki tlm jketrkc stgtake.

7=.41. Typm G hgtms? Tlmy jcksm fmikrm aeatagtake ki tlm dkwewgrd strknm kitlm rg` ged stgy jcksmd uetac tlm `ktake ki tlm rg` lgs jmgsmd (gitmrjk`pcmtake ki tlm upwgrd strknm).Rrmsmejm smesaeh dmvajms (kecy ke pgrt-rmvkcutake prmssms)? Tlmyaetmrrupt tlm gjtugtake ki tlm rg` àd-strknm ai tlm kpmrgtkr krgeytlaeh mcsm aetrudms upke tlm prktmjtavm sjrmme. Tlmy dk ekt qugcaiyikr iucc rmvkcutake prmssms, fmjgusm tlm gjtugtake ki tlm rg` ke iuccrmvkcutake prmssms jge ekt fm aetmrruptmd.Ruccfgjns? Tlmy pucc tlm kpmrgtkrs lgeds ged iaehmrs kut ki tlm dgehmrzkem gs tlm rg` strknm as aeatagtmd ae tlm mvmet tlgt tlm kpmrgtkr lgsekt gcrmgdy rm`kvmd tlm`.Vmstrgaets? Tlmy grm ekt cmhgc ikr lgedimmdaeh watlkut tkehs krlgedimmdaeh tkkcs fmjgusm tlmy grm dmsahemd tk nmmp tlm lgeds gediaehmrs kut ki tlm dgehmr zkem gcc ki tlm ta`m.Twk-lged jketrkcs? Tlmy rmquarm fktl lgeds ki tlm kpmrgtkr tk fmsgimcy kutsadm tlm dgehmr zkem tk jkejurrmetcy lkcd tlm futtkes krktlmr jketrkcs tk gjtugtm tlm rg` duraeh tlm metarm strknm.Twk-lged traps? Tlmy rmquarm fktl lgeds ki tlm kpmrgtkr tk fm sgimcy

kutsadm tlm dgehmr zkem tk jkejurrmetcy prmss tlm futtkes kr ktlmrtrappaeh `mjlgeas`s tk aeatagtm gjtake ki tlm rg` strknm.

7=.=2. Tlas dmsahe jgsm study usms tlm praejapcm ki tlm sgimty dastgejmikrùcg tk smt dmsahe pgrg`mtmrs ikr tlm dmsahe ki tlm mehghm`met`mjlgeas` ikr tlm icywlmmc.]saeh Mqe 7=.6, cmt D rmprmsmet sgimty dastgejm?

D 0 92/rp` ^7/6 0 7/EP x 9:

^7/6 + 7/EP 0^ Dx rp`P

^92 x 9:P





7=.92. Tlm ikktswatjl `gy fm jkevmeamet ikr quajn gjtugtake ki tlm prmss tk

pmràt lahlmr prkdujtake rgtms. Tlm prmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajm gjts gs tlmsgimhugrdaeh `mjlgeas` ae jgsm ge kpmrgtkr pcgjms las kr lmr lgedswatlae tlm dgehmr zkem.

7=.97. Tlm dasgdvgetghm ki gwgrmemss fgrramrs as tlgt tlmy dk ekt rmgccyprmvmet tlm kpmrgtkr irk` rmgjlaeh aetk tlm dgehmr zkem. Tlmy smm` tkgjt gs g hugrd fut `gy curm tlm kpmrgtkr aetk g igcsm smesm kismjuraty. Gcsk, sk`m gwgrmemss fgrramrs jketrafutm tk tlm prkfcm` fykfsjuraeh vasake ki tlm rmgc dgehmr zkem.

7=.96. Typm G hgtms nmmp tlm hgtm jcksmd uetac gcc `ktake ki tlm rg` jmgsms.Typm F hgtms pmràt tlm hgtm tk kpme duraeh tlm cmss lgzgrdkus upwgrdpkrtake ki tlm strknm, wlajl spmmds up tlm kpmrgtake ged a`prkvmsmiiajamejy. ”@utaeh’ as g dmsahe imgturm ki prmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajmstlgt pmràts tlm smesaeh dmvajm tk fm ahekrmd duraeh tlm cmss lgzgrdkusupwgrd pkrtake strknm watl prkdujtake gdvgetghms admetajgc tk tlksm kitlm Typm F hgtm.

7=.9:. (Gutlkr‑s ektm? Mxmrjasm 7=.9: as tlm sg`m gs Mxmrjasm 7=.=:.) Kemgdvgetghm as tlgt tlm aeirgrmd cahlt smeskrs wacc ekt aejkrrmjtcy smesmstrgy g`famet cahlt grkued tlm wkrnstgtake. Gektlmr gdvgetghm as tlgttlm aeirgrmd cahlt as aevasafcm tk tlm kpmrgtkr> tlas jge fm gegdvgetghm gs tlm kpmrgtkr wacc ekt fm gwgrm ki tlm `mjlgeas` fy wlajlsmeskr as kpmrgtaeh, ged tlus at wacc fm `krm daiiajuct ikr tlmkpmrgtkr tk dmimgt tlm prktmjtavm systm`.

7=.94. Tlm sgimty ki jketrkc pmdmstgcs ikr puejl prmssms as dmpmedmet upke

tlmar pksatakeaeh gt ge gdmqugtm sgimty dastgejm irk` tlm pkaet kikpmrgtake, dmpmedaeh upke tlm dmsahe ki tlm prmss ged tlm stkppaeh ta`mki tlm rg`. KZLG stgedgrds rmquarm tlm pmdmstgcs tk fm fkctmd tk tlmickkr, kejm tlmy grm gdoustmd tk tlm prmsjrafmd sgim dastgejm.Ktlmrwasm, wkrnmrs `gy fm tm`ptmd tk `kvm tlm pmdmstgcs jcksmr tk tlm`gjlaem tk igjacatgtm immdaeh ged kpmrgtake ki tlm prmss ged tlus spmmdup prkdujtake.

7=.9=. Tlm spmmd ki tlm rg` ki g puejl prmss as darmjtcy rmcgtmd tk ats`k`metu` kr aemrtag. G pgrt rmvkcutake prmss lgs g jcutjl ged frgnm,ged tlas systm` ùst kvmrjk`m tlm aemrtag ki g lahl-spmmd rg` ged fraehtlm rg` tk g stkp ai sgimty rmquarms at. Tlmrmikrm, ai tlm prmss as kipgrt rmvkcutake dmsahe, igst rg`s grm `krm dgehmrkus tlge sckw kems.Lkwmvmr, ai tlm prmss as ki iucc-rmvkcutake dmsahe, at as rmjkheazmdtlgt tlm rg` jge ekt fm stkppmd àd-jyjcm. Zgimty ikr tlm iucc-rmvkcutake dmsahe as dmpmedmet upke tlm rg` iaeaslaeh ats jyjcm fmikrmtlm kpmrgtkr jge rmgjl aetk tlm dgehmr zkem. Ikr sujl dmsahes sgimty

as melgejmd fy spmmdaeh up tlm prmss sk tlgt tlm rg` jge jcksm `krmquajncy. Tlas hrmgtmr cmvmc ki sgimty as rmjkheazmd ae tlm KZLGstgedgrd ikrùcg ikr tlm jk`putgtake ki sgimty dastgejm irk` tlm pkaetki kpmrgtake ikr tlm pcgjm`met ki jketrkcs ged sgimhugrdaeh dmvajms.

7=.99. Tlas dmsahe jgsm study rmquarms tlm gppcajgtake ki tlm praejapcm ki tlmsgimty dastgejm ikrùcg tk dmsahe tlm systm` tk gjjk``kdgtm sgim rgehmski kpmrgtake ki tlm icywlmmc tk igjacatgtm tlm sgim kpmrgtake ki tlmsgimhugrdaeh systm`. Irk` Mqe 7=.6, cmt D rmprmsmet sgimty dastgejm?

D 0 92/rp` ^7/6 + 7/EP x 9:D 0 92/rp` ^7/6 + 7/6P x 9:D 0 92/rp` x 9:rp` 0 ^92 x 9:P /D

Ikr g sgimty dastgejm ki 79 aejlms?

rp` 0 ^92 x 9:P /79

0 6:9 rp` (gs g àeaù`)

G sckwmr icywlmmc spmmd wkucd cmehtlme tlm ta`m rmquarmd ikr tlm damstk gjlamvm jk`pcmtm jcksurm, havaeh tlm kpmrgtkr `krm ta`m tk rmgjl aeged fm medgehmrmd fy tlm jcksaeh ki tlm dams.

7=.98. Gctmregtavm dmsahe #7? (Cmgst mxpmesavm) Tlm Typm G hgtm jkucd fmrmpcgjmd watl g Typm F hgtm. Tlm Typm F hgtm wkucd spmmd up tlmkpmrgtake fy pmràttaeh tlm hgtm tk kpme duraeh tlm cmss lgzgrdkusupwgrd pkrtake ki tlm strknm. Fy kpmeaeh tlm hgtm skkemr gitmr tlmdkwewgrd strknm, tlm kpmrgtkr jkucd lgvm gjjmss tk tlm dgehmr zkem ikrueckgdaeh tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake ged rmckgdaeh at ikr tlm emxt jyjcm.Lkwmvmr, fmjgusm ki tlm pkssafacaty ki g `gciuejtake rmsuctaeh ae ge



gjjadmetgc rmpmgt strknm, tlm Typm F hgtm aejrmgsms tlm lgzgrd sk`mwlgtged slkucd fm gvkadmd ai pkssafcm.

Gctmregtavm dmsahe #6? Jkevmrt tlm prmss tk g pgrt-rmvkcutake dmsahefy mquappaeh at watl g jcutjl ged frgnm. Gctlkuhl `krm mxpmesavm tlgegctmregtavm #7, tlm jcutjl ged frgnm wkucd prk`ktm sgimty ged pmràttlm usm ki twk-lged jketrkc systm`s tlgt grm sgimcy pksatakemd jcksmrtk tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake. Tlm jcksm pcgjm`met wkucd igjacatgtmimmdaeh ged spmmd up prkdujtake wlacm sgimty as prmsmrvmd fy tlmsupmrakr jketrkc ki tlm rg` strknm giikrdmd fy tlm jcutjl ged frgnm.

Gctmregtavm dmsahe #:? (@kst mxpmesavm) Zg`m gs gctmregtavm #6 gfkvm,

kecy rmpcgjm tlm twk-lged jketrkc watl g prmsmejm-smesaeh dmvajm ikrsgimty ged usm g ikktswatjl trappaeh `mjlgeas`. Tlm prmsmejm smesaehdmvajm jkucd fm ùtmd ke tlm upwgrd strknm ikr `gxaù` miiajamejy.Gctmregtavm #: wkucd `gaetgae sgimty usaeh tlm jcutjl ged frgnm systm`tk stkp tlm prmss ae tlm mvmet tlm dgehmr zkem as vakcgtmd. @gxaù`sgim gjjmss tk tlm dgehmr zkem ikr immdaeh, `gdm pkssafcm fy tlmikktswatjl irmmaeh tlm lgeds irk` tlm rmspkesafacaty ikr trappaeh,wkucd `gnm tlas grrgehm`met tlm `kst miiajamet.

7=.9<. Ai tlmrm grm kecy 74 gvgacgfcm mehghm`met pkaets ke tlm `gjlaem (sk`mgjtugc prmss `kdmcs lgvm mxgjtcy 74 mehghm`met pkaets), sk`mtlaeh wkucdlgvm tk fm jlgehmd tk `gnm tlm prmss sgim. Tlm jketrkc stgtake jkucdfm `kvmd scahltcy iurtlmr gwgy gjjkrdaeh tk tlm sgimty dastgejm ikrùcg(Mqe 7:.6, pghm :79) gs ikcckws?

D 0 ^92/722P x ^7/6 + 7/4P x 9:0 67.9 aejlms

Gektlmr skcutake wkucd fm tk scahltcy aejrmgsm tlm spmmd ki tlmicywlmmc. Zkcvaeh Mqe 7=.6 ikr rp`?

D x (rp`) 0 92 x ^7/6 + 7/EP x 9:rp` 0 92 x 9: x ^7/6 + 7/EP / D

Ikr tlas satugtake?

rp` 0 92 x 9: x ^7/6 + 7/74P / 62

rp` 0 72<

Gektlmr skcutake (tlm fmst skcutake) tk tlm prkfcm` irk` tlm sgimtypmrspmjtavm wkucd fm tk rmtrkiat tlm prmss fy mquappaeh at watl gjcutjl ged frgnm sk tlgt at wkucd kpmrgtm gs g pgrt rmvkcutake prmss.Iuccy mquappmd watl g frgnm `keatkraeh ged jketrkc systm` tlm rm`kdmcmd

pgrt rmvkcutake smtup wkucd pmràt ge metarmcy daiimrmet ikrùcg ikrsgimty dastgejm tlgt wkucd fm fgsmd upke tlm stkppaeh ta`m ki tlmprmss.


7=.91. Tlm hmemrgc `gjlaem hugrdaeh stgedgrd, wlajl aejcudms pkaet kikpmrgtake hugrdaeh, as vmry irmqumetcy jatmd. G `krm spmjaiaj stgedgrdikr pkaet ki kpmrgtake hugrdaeh as 61JIV7172.676(g)(:)(aaa). KZLGjatms matlmr stgedgrd ikr igacurm tk hugrd tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake.Tlmrm grm ktlmr KZLG stgedgrds pmrtgaeaeh tk pkaet ki kpmrgtakesgimhugrdaeh ikr spmjaiaj `gjlaems, ikr mxg`pcm `mjlgeajgc pkwmrprmssms. (Zmm Mxmrjasm 7=.82). Ikcckwaeh grm irmqumejy ki jatgtakeiasjgc ymgr stgtastajs ikr tlm hmemrgc pkaet ki kpmrgtake stgedgrds(skurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm)?

676(g)(7)? 698=676(g)(:)(aaa)? 67

Tktgc ikr tlmsm : stgedgrds 6<<:Zkurjm? EJ@ dgtgfgsm

Gjjkrdaeh tk tlm KZLG wmfsatm, KZLG stgedgrd 7172.676(g)(7) wgs tlmsmvmetl `kst irmqumetcy jatmd stgedgrd ikr Iasjgc Qmgr 6227-6226, gccKZLG stgedgrds jkesadmrmd (hmemrgc aedustry, jkestrujtake, mtj.). Tlasigjt wgs ikued fy smgrjlaeh tlm KZLG wmfsatm watl tlm tmr` ”irmqumetcyjatmd stgedgrds.’ Tlm stgtastajs `gy jlgehm irk` ymgr tk ymgr, futpkaet ki kpmrgtake hugrdaeh ikr `gjlaems lgs rm`gaemd g jkesastmetcyirmqumetcy jatmd stgedgrd kvmr tlm ymgrs.

7=.82. Ikr pkwmr prmssms tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake hugrdaeh stgedgrd as



61JIV7172.678(j)(7)(a). Tlas stgedgrd as irmqumetcy jatmd g`keh tlmprkvasakes ki tlm pkwmr prmss stgedgrd, fut fmjgusm tlm sjkpm ki tlmpkwmr prmss stgedgrd as caàtmd, 678(j)(7)(a) as ekt gs irmqumetcyjatmd gs tlm pkaet ki kpmrgtake prkvasakes ki tlm hmemrgc `gjlaemhugrdaeh stgedgrds. Ikcckwaeh grm irmqumejy ki jatgtake iasjgc ymgrstgtastajs ikr tlm pkwmr prmss pkaet ki kpmrgtake hugrdaeh stgedgrd?

678(j)(7)(a)? 7<8 jatgtakes


7=.87. Tlm KZLG wmfsatm admetaiams tlm hmemrgc gfrgsavm wlmmc stgedgrd gs

61JIV7172.67=. Zmgrjlaeh tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm fy stgedgrd eu`fmr, metmraehtlm smgrjl iamcd 67=* tlm ikcckwaeh prkvasakes ikr tlm stgedgrd wmrmikued tk fm tlm tkp tlrmm `kst irmqumetcy jatmd stgedgrds ae tlmgfrgsavm wlmmc stgedgrd. Jatgtake irmqumejams wmrm ikued ikr IasjgcQmgr 6227-6226? (tlm tmxt ikr tlm stgedgrds as su``grazmd irk` tlm iucctmxt ikued ke tlm KZLG wmfsatm)?

67=(f)(1) ‚ Mxpksurm gdoust`met (ki tlm ”tkehum’ hugrd watlae ³ aejl ki tlm wlmmc).

jatgtake irmqumejy? 71<2 jatgtakes

67=(g)(4) ‚ Xkrn rmst (gdoust`met ki tlm wkrn rmst watlae7/< aejl ki tlm wlmmc)

jatgtake irmqumejy? 7682 jatgtakes

67=(g)(6) ‚ Hugrd dmsahe (hugrd slgcc jkvmr tlm spaedcm med,eut ged icgehm)

jatgtake irmqumejy? 6:= jatgtakes





79.7. 7) Hgs wmcdaeh, (6) Mcmjtraj-grj wmcdaeh, (:) Vmsastgejm wmcdaeh.Vmsastgejm wmcdaeh as tlm jcmgemst ged `kst lmgctliuc.

79.6. Xmcdaeh kjjurs wlme tlm `gtmragc tlgt `mcts as matlmr tlm `gtmragc tkfm okaemd kr g canm `gtmragc.Frgzaeh ged skcdmraeh grm dkem fy `mctaeh sk`m ktlmr `gtmragc watl gckwmr `mctaeh tm`pmrgturm tlge wkucd fm rmquarmd ikr `mctaeh tlm `mtgcstk fm okaemd.

79.:. Xlme tlm `mctaeh `gtmragc lgs g `mctaeh pkaet gfkvm <22I, tlm prkjmss

as frgzaeh> fmckw <22I, tlm prkjmss as skcdmraeh.

79.4. Ztajn mcmjtrkdm wmcdaeh (jk``ke eg`m)slamcdmd `mtgc grj wmcdaeh (Z@GX)> tlas as tlm dmsahegtake usmd fy tlmG`mrajge Xmcdaeh Zkjamty.

79.=. HTGX--hgs tuehstme grj wmcdaehH@GX--hgs `mtgc grj wmcdaehZGX--suf`mrhmd grj wmcdaehVZMX--rmsastgejm smg` wmcdaehVZX--rmsastgejm spkt wmcdaeh

79.9. Tk prmvmet caquad gjmtkem irk` metmraeh tlm vgcvm pgssghms. Tlmgjmtkem jkucd fm aheatmd gjjadmetgccy ged as quatm dgehmrkus.

79.8. Kxyhme as gc`kst jk`pcmtmcy aemrt ai at as nmpt gwgy irk` iumc skurjms.Gjmtycmem as vmry uestgfcm ged ùst fm stkrmd gt ckw prmssurms tkprmvmet spketgemkus mxpcksake.

79.<. Xkrnmrs kitme lkcd tlmar lgeds kvmr tlm vgcvm kpmeaeh wlme iarstkpmeaeh tlm vgcvm tk tmst tlm jycaedmr. Ai g hrmgsy hckvm as ke tlgtlged, tlm prmsmejm ki purm kxyhme jgusms tlm hrmgsm tk fmjk`mmxpcksavmcy jk`fustafcm.

79.1. Rrkdujtake jksts jge fm jut ae sk`m gppcajgtakes fy usaeh ge gctmregtmhgs tk rmpcgjm tlm `krm dgehmrkus ged mxpmesavm gjmtycmem iumc hgs.Tlas jge fm dkem kecy ai `gtmragc tk fm wmcdmd lgs g ckw mekuhl `mctaehpkaet ikr tlm gctmregtm hgs tk gjjk``kdgtm.

79.72. Ygcvm prktmjtake jgps prktmjt tlm vgcvm irk` dg`ghm. Tlm sckts ae tlmjgp gcckw msjgpaeh hgs tk msjgpm ae g `geemr wlajl wacc prmvmet tlmjycaedmr irk` fmjkàeh g àssacm. Tlm sckts grm àsusmd fy wkrnmrs wlkaesmrt pry fgrs aetk tlm sckts ikr mxtrg cmvmrghm ae lgedcaeh tlm

jycaedmrs.

79.77. Icgslfgjn as g plmek`meke ae wlajl tlm wmcdaeh icg`m trgvmcs fgjn uptlm àxturm strmg`, fureaeh aesadm tlm tkrjl.

79.76. Tgpm `gy ladm dmimjts ae tlm lksm.

79.7:. Jkppmr, fmjgusm gjmtycmem rmgjts watl jkppmr tk prkdujm jkppmrgjmtycadm, g dgehmrkus mxpcksavm.

79.74. @gey ki tlm s`gcc grj wmcdaeh `gjlaems wmcd gt lahlmr vkctghm tlge dktlm aedustragc typm wmcdaeh `gjlaems. Tlmsm s`gccmr `gjlaems gjlamvmpkwmr fy `gnaeh up ae vkctghm wlgt tlmy cgjn ae jurrmet ickw. Tlmsmcgrhmr vkctghms jge kvmrjk`m mcmjtrajgc rmsastgejm tk prkdujm dgehmrkusmcmjtrajgc slkjn wlme jgrmcmss usm jgusms mxpksurm tk tlm wmcdmr.

79.7=. Tlm wmcdaeh jgfcm jgrrams sk ùjl jurrmet tlgt at kvmrlmgts mgsacy.

Jkacaeh tlm jgfcm aejrmgsms ats rmsastgejm, jgusaeh lahlmr tm`pmrgturmstlge uejkacmd jgfcms.

79.79. Ai tlm `mtgc tgen jketgaes jk`prmssmd hgs, tlm lahl g`pmrghm ki tlmwmcdaeh jarjuat jkucd jgusm tlm lmgt fuacdup ae tlm tgen, pkssafcyjgusaeh tlm prmssurm caàt ki tlm tgen tk fm mxjmmdmd.

79.78. Tlm suf`mrhmd grj wmcdaeh prkjmss (ZGX) as hgaeaeh ae pkpucgratyfmjgusm tlm grj as laddme irk` vamw fy tlm puddcm ki `kctme wmcdaeh`gtmragcs, `gnaeh grj rgdagtake prktmjtake ueemjmssgry. Tlm wmcdaehicux usmd ae ZGX as g hrgeucgr typm (canm sged) wlajl as jketaeugccygddmd tk tlm wmcd. Tlas `gnms wmcdaeh kvmrlmgd a`pkssafcm kr mxtrm`mcygwnwgrd--g fah dasgdvgetghm.

79.7<. Tlm pkaet ki jketgjt wlmrm tlm spkt wmcd as `gdm as gegckhkus tk gpkwmr prmss.



79.71. (7) Zlkrt durgtake ki tlm lgzgrd, (6) Rmkpcm dk ekt rmgcazm tlm

aheatake pktmetagc ki wmcdaeh. (Tlm aheatake pktmetagc as ueigàcagrtk `kst fmjgusm tlmy grm ekt gjjustk`md tk wgtjlaeh wmcdaeh kpmrgtakesfmjgusm ki tlm mym lgzgrds.)

79.62. Iarms ged mxpcksakes

79.67. Z@GX (slamcdmd `mtgc grj wmcdaeh), jk``kecy jgccmd ”stajn mcmjtrkdmwmcdaeh,’ emmds tlm `kst mym prktmjtake. Tlm praejapgc mym lgzgrd tkwmcdmrs as mxpksurm tk tlm lahl memrhy ki tlm frahlt cahlt rgysprkdujmd fy tlm grj. Z@GX watlkut mym prktmjtake jgusms smvmrm mxpksurm

tk tlm frahlt cahlt ki tlm grj. Dk ekt fm jkeiusmd fy tlm tmr`”slamcdmd’ tlgt ikr`s pgrt ki tlm eg`m ki tlas prkjmss. ”Zlamcdmd’rmimrs tk kxadgtake prktmjtake giikrdmd fy tlm slmgtl ki icux tlgtsurrkueds tlm `mtgc wmcd `gtmragc ae tlm wmcdaeh ”rkd.’ Tlm ktlmr twkprkjmssms, ZGX ged VZMX prktmjt tlm wmcdmr irk` sujl mxpksurms tkwmcdaeh rgys ae quatm daiimrmet wgys. Ae tlm jgsm ki ZGX (suf`mrhmd grmwmcdaeh) tlm grj as laddme fmemgtl g puddcm ki wmcdaeh icux tlgt stgrtsgs g hrgeucgr skcad ged `mcts duraeh tlm prkjmss tk suf`mrhm tlm grj.Tlm grj tlus suf`mrhmd as prktmjtmd irk` kxyhme mxpksurm, wlajlprktmjts tlm wmcd> gt tlm sg`m ta`m tlm wmcdmr‑s myms grm prktmjtmdirk` mxpksurm tk tlm dgehmrkus rgys. Ae tlm jgsm ki VZMX (rmsastgejmsmg` wmcdaeh) tlm wmcdaeh lmgt as prkdujmd fy mcmjtrajgc rmsastgejm gedprmssurm fmtwmme tlm twk slmmt `mtgc surigjms tk fm okaemd fy g smg`.Tlas wmcdaeh lmgt dkms ekt prkdujm g vasafcm grj, sk wmcdaeh rgys irk`tlm grj prmsmet ek dgehmrkus mxpksurm tk tlm wmcdmr. Tlas as ekt tk sgytlgt ek mym prktmjtake gt gcc as emmdmd ikr ZGX kr VZMX wmcdmrs. Tlmrmgrm lgzgrds tk tlm myms ktlmr tlge tlm rgdagtake irk` tlm wmcdaeh grj.

79.66. Cmgtlmr

79.6:. "Zadmrksas"--At as ekt g smvmrm lgzgrd fy atsmci.

79.64. Tlmrm grm sk `gey vgragfcms tk `mgsurm. Tlm wmcdaeh iu`m jketgaes taey,trgesatkry jkejmetrgtakes ki trgjm jk`pkueds tlgt grm daiiajuct tkjgpturm ged gegcyzm, fktl qugetatgtavmcy ged qugcatgtavmcy.

79.6=. Xmcdaeh "iu`m" as tlm rm-jkedmesmd pgrtajucgtm irk` mxtrm`mcy lkt `mtgcvgpkrazgtake. Tkxaj hgsms grm trum hgsms rmcmgsmd irk` jlmàjgcrmgjtakes g`keh tlm wmcd icux, tlm gar, tlm wmcdaeh iumc, tlm wmcd`mtgc, surigjm jkgtaehs kr ktlmr `gtmragcs prmsmet gt tlm wmcd.

79.69. Tlm jkgtaeh kr jkedatake ki tlm surigjms tk fm okaemd kr tlm skcvmetusmd tk jcmge tlm surigjms `gy rmsuct ae tlm rmcmgsm ki tkxaj hgsmsduraeh tlm wmcdaeh prkjmss. Aegdmqugtm vmetacgtake jkucd aejrmgsm tlm

lgzgrds.

79.68. LG_GVD 7? Gjmtycmem jycaedmrs slkucd fm stkrmd vgcvm med up. Tlmcaquad gjmtkem aesadm tlm tgen jkucd fm pgssmd tlrkuhl tlm vgcvm ai tlmjycaedmr as cyaeh ke tlm ickkr.

LG_GVD 6? Kxyhme ged gjmtycmem jycaedmrs slkucd ekt fm stkrmdtkhmtlmr. Iarm lgzgrd.

LG_GVD :? @geaikcd prmssurm ikr gjmtycmem as tkk lahl. Gjmtycmem asuestgfcm gt prmssurms hrmgtmr tlge :2 psah.

LG_GVD 4? Tlm egac-pkcasl rm`kvmr kdkr as kfvakuscy dum tk cmgnaehgjmtkem, g vmry icg``gfcm ged lgzgrdkus sufstgejm.

LG_GVD =? Tlm hrmgsy hckvms grm ge mxpcksake lgzgrd ae tlm vajaeatyki kxyhme, mspmjagccy wlme tlm kxyhme vgcvm as kpmemd fy tlm wmcdmrwmgraeh tlm hrmgsy hckvms.

LG_GVD 9? Tlm wmcdmr slkucd ekt usm las tkrjl tap tk jlap scgh irk`tlm iaeaslmd wmcd. Tlm tap jkucd fm dg`ghmd, rmsuctaeh ae icgslfgjn.

LG_GVD 8? Tlm wmcdaeh lksm slkucd ekt fm jk`pcmtmcy wrgppmd watltgpm, pkssafcy jkejmgcaeh frmgns kr dmimjts ae tlm icmxafcm lksm.

79.6<. Tlm tmr` "hgs wmcdaeh" a`pcams tlgt tlm skurjm ki lmgt as irk` fureaehg hgsmkus iumc. Eatrkhme as ekt g iumc hgs ged lgs g daiimrmetiuejtake ae tlm wmcdaeh prkjmss ae tlgt at gjts gs ge aemrtaeh ghmet.

79.61. Ekr`gc gt`ksplmrm as gpprkxa`gtmcy 8<% eatrkhme (rmi p. 78= ki tlmtmxt). Jkevmrtmd tk pgrts pmr àccake?





VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

79.:8. Eatrkhme ged kxyhme grm vmry jk`pcmx ae tlm wgys tlm gtk`s ikr` fkedstk `gnm jk`pkueds. Ikur daiimrmet jk`pkueds `gnm up tlm jcgssaiajgtakeEKx. Tlmy grm?

E6K Eatrkus kxadm, jk``kecy jgccmd ”cguhlaeh hgs’ ged ikr`mrcy usmdgs dmetgc gemstlmtaj. E6K as gsskjagtmd watl tlm àcdmst lgzgrds g`kehtlm jk`pkueds ki tlm EKx igàcy. At as castmd gs ”scahltcy dgehmrkus’

fy Zgx (smm rmimrmejm fmckw) ged lgs fktl lmgctl ged sgimty lgzgrda`pcajgtakes.

EK Eatraj kxadm.

EK6 Eatrkhme dakxadm.

E6K= Eatrkhme pmetkxadm.

Mxjmpt ikr E6K, tlm lgzgrds ki EK\ grm quatm smrakus ged mvme aesadakusae tlmar egturm. Tlm tmr` ”aesadakus’ as usmd fmjgusm ki tlm `mjlgeas`ki tlmar gttgjn ke tlm fkdy. EKx as kecy scahltcy skcufcm ae wgtmr, sktlm gjad tlmy prkdujm (eatraj ged eatrkus gjad) dkms ekt arratgtm tlmùjkus `m`frgems gs ùjl gs tlmy wkucd ai tlm skcufacatams wmrmhrmgtmr. Tlas wkucd smm` tk fm hkkd, fut ueikrtuegtmcy, tlm wgreaehprkpmrty ki tlm arratgtake as rmdujmd ae miimjt ged tlm mxpksurm hkmsueektajmd. Xatlkut smrakus arratgtake, mxpksurm jketaeums ged gjads

ikr` dmmp watlae tlm rmspargtkry systm`, sk`mta`ms watl dasgstrkusmiimjts. Ge mxjmccmet skurjm ikr rmvamwaeh tlmsm miimjts grm tlmvgrakus mdatakes ki tlm jcgssaj rmimrmejm fy Zgx. Tlm vmrsake usmd fytlas gutlkr as?

Zgx, E. Arvaeh. Dgehmrkus Rrkpmrtams ki Aedustragc @gtmragcs, =tl mdatake, Emw Qkrn? Yge Ekstrged Vmaelkcd Jk`pgey, 7181.

Gcc ikur ki tlm kxadms ki eatrkhme grm fktl lmgctl ged sgimty lgzgrds,tk vgryaeh dmhrmms. Tlm sgimty lgzgrds grm mxpcksake, iarm, gedvakcmet rmgjtakes watl jk``ke `gtmragcs. Tlm lmgctl lgzgrds grm lahlcytkxaj hgsms ikr`md duraeh dmjk`pksatake irk` lmgtaeh ged rmgjtake watljk``ke `gtmragcs, mvme wgtmr.

79.:<. Ge Aetmremt smgrjl usaeh sujl nmywkrds gs ”dasgstmr,’ ”iarm,’ ged”wmcdaeh’ wacc fm tlm stgrt ki g smgrjl aetk dkzmes ki aetmrmstaehsatms. Kem kutstgedaeh mxg`pcm tlgt studmets `gy fm igàcagr watl irk`

`mdag rmpkrts as tlm Aedagegpkcas iarm tlgt furemd 72 ickgts ae @gy,7118, fmikrm tlm Aedagegpkcas =22 Imstavgc Rgrgdm. @gey studmets `gyrm`m`fmr tlgt dasgstrkus iarm tlgt dmstrkymd 72 ickgts ged jgusmd $7àccake dg`ghm tk tlm jk`pgey (MxpkDmsahe) tlgt fuacds tlm ickgts.Xlgt `gey `gy ekt rm`m`fmr as tlgt tlm iarm wgs jgusmd fy g wmcdmr‑stkrjl. @gey ktlmr dasgstrkus wmcdaeh iarms jge fm ikued ae `mdagrmpkrts.

79.:1. Tlas rmsmgrjl qumstake jkucd mvkcvm aetk g tmr` pgpmr prkomjt ikr gstudmet. Ke tlm Aetmremt try matlmr ki tlm ikcckwaeh satms ikrstgrtmrs?

lttp?//www.g`wmcd.krh lttp?//www.gws.krh

Mxg`pcm typms ki aeikr`gtake gvgacgfcm aejcudm? fkkn tatcms, vasugcgads, wmcdaeh prkdujts fuymrs‑ huadms, `geuigjturmr eg`ms, okuregcsufsjraptake aeikr`gtake, aeikr`gtake ke wmcdaeh aespmjtake,sjlkcgrslap kppkrtueatams, jmrtaiajgtake aeikr`gtake, jkeimrmejm gedjkevmetake jgcmedgrs, `m`fmrslap aeikr`gtake, wmcdaeh sjlkkcsaeikr`gtake, jgrmmr gdvmrtasm`mets, wmcdaeh stgedgrds aeikr`gtake,hkvmre`met giigars, geswmrs tk tmjleajgc qumstakes, ged ckjgc jlgptmraeikr`gtake.

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79.42. Tlm rmgdmr slkucd hk tk tlm KZLG wmfsatm ke tlm aetmremt ged gjtavgtmtlm caen tk ”stgedgrds’ uedmr ”Cgws ged Vmhucgtakes.’ Tlme smcmjt tlmcaen tk Rgrt 7172. G tmxt smgrjl jgpgfacaty as tlme daspcgymd, ged gemxjmccmet smgrjl tmr` ikr tlas mxmrjasm as tlm tmr` ”ekejk`fustafcmfgrramr.’ Tlas smgrjl tmr` wacc zmrk ae ke tlm hmemrgc aedustrystgedgrd 7172.6=: ged tlm jkrrmspkedaeh jkestrujtake aedustry stgedgrd7169.:=2. Zmcmjt tlm hmemrgc aedustry stgedgrd, 7172.6=:. ]pke daspcgyki tlm iucc tmxt ki tlm stgedgrd, usm mdat tk pmrikr` g smgrjl watlaetlm tmxt ki tlm stgedgrd, ghgae usaeh tlm smgrjl tmr` ”ekejk`fustafcmfgrramr.’ Tlm smgrjl wacc ou`p a``mdagtmcy tk tlm stgedgrd ae qumstake, 7172.6=:(f)(4)(aaa). Tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm jge tlme fm smgrjlmd ikr tlaspgrtajucgr prkvasake ki tlm hmemrgc aedustry wmcdaeh stgedgrd tkdmtmràem tlm irmqumejy ki jatgtake ki tlas prkvasake. Ikr tlm IasjgcQmgr tlas prkvasake ki tlm stgedgrd wgs jatmd 967 ta`ms.

79.47. Irk` smgrjlaeh tlm KZLG wmfsatm watlae tlm KZLG Rgrt 7172 HmemrgcAedustry stgedgrds, at jge fm dmtmràemd tlgt tlm praejapgc stgedgrdikr hgs wmcdaeh as 61JIV7172.6=: ged tlm praejapgc stgedgrd ikr grjwmcdaeh as 61JIV7172.6=4. Tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm jge fm usmd tk hgtlmrsu``gry dgtg ke tlm jatgtake ki gcc ki tlm prkvasakes ki mgjl ki tlmsmstgedgrds. Ikr irmqumejy ki jatgtake tlm jk`pgraske as gs ikcckws?

7172.6=: 7422 jatgtakes ae tlm Iasjgc Qmgr

7172.6=4 6=4 jatgtakes ae tlm Iasjgc Qmgr

At as gppgrmet tlgt KZLG iaeds `gey `krm jatgtakes ki tlm hgs wmcdaehstgedgrd tlge at dkms ikr tlm grj wmcdaeh stgedgrd.




78.7. Iarm ged mcmjtrkjutake

78.6. gpprkxa`gtmcy =22 tk 7,222

78.:. Gctlkuhl 662-vkct ged 442-vkct jarjuats lgvm g lahlmr pktmetagc ikrdmcavmraeh g igtgc g`pmrghm tlge dkms g 772-vkct jarjuat, tlm 772-vkctjarjuat jge dmcavmr g igtgc g`pmrghm. Tlm jk``ke usm ki 772-vkctjarjuats lgs cmd tk g jk`pcgjmejy watl 772-vkct jarjuats wlajl jgusmstlm lgzgrds ki 772-vkct jarjuats tk fm hrmgtmr tlge tlgt ki tlm lahlmrvkctghm jarjuats.

78.4. Gt 82 àccag`pmrms kr hrmgtmr (Iahurm 78.7)

78.=. Hrkuedaeh as tlm rmture smjtake ae g jk`pcmtm mcmjtrajgc jarjuat.Mquap`met ùst fm hrkuedmd tk prktmjt g wkrnmr ae jgsm ki g "slkrt" tktlm mquap`met jgsaeh.

78.9. Tlm "lkt" warm prkvadms jketgjt fmtwmme tlm pkwmr skurjm ged tlm ckgdusaeh mcmjtrajaty. Tlm "emutrgc" warm as tlm ekr`gc jk`pcmtake ki tlmjarjuat prkvadaeh g pgtl ikr tlm jurrmet tk hrkued. Tlm "hrkued" warmas g sgimty dmvajm wlajl as tlm hrkued warm ae jgsm ki g slkrt irk` tlmlkt warm tk tlm jgsaeh (kr ktlmr jkedujtavm pgrt ki tlm ckgd fmaehusmd). Tlas ckw rmsastgejm jarjuat wacc "fckw" g iusm kr "trap" gfrmgnmr tk kpme tlm jarjuat.

78.8. HIJA as gffrmvagtake ikr "hrkued iguct jarjuat aetmrruptkr" wlajl as gsgimty swatjl tk kpme g jarjuat tlgt lgs g pgrtagc slkrt tk hrkued tlgt

as aesuiiajamet tk "trap" g jarjuat frmgnmr. Tlm slkrt as rmvmgcmd fydmtmjtaeh g taey jurrmet a`fgcgejm fmtwmme tlm ickws ki tlm lkt gedemutrgc warms. Tlm HIJA as jk``kecy usmd ke jkestrujtake satms.

78.<. Dkufcm aesucgtake as ge mxtrg cgymr ki aesucgtake ke mcmjtraj lgedtkkcs. At havms tlm kpmrgtkr ki tlm tkkc ge mxtrg `mgsurm ki prktmjtakeae jgsm ki g slkrt tk tlm mquap`met jgsm. Ai tlm mquap`met lgs gemiimjtavm, ]CC cgfkrgtkry gpprkvmd systm` ki dkufcm aesucgtake ged assk `grnmd, g tlard warm hrkuedaeh jkedujtkr as ekt rmquarmd.

78.1. (7) Dgehmr tk tmjleajages uesuspmjtaeh ki rmvmrsgc ki jkckr jkdaeh ketlm dmsahegtmd cmgds.(6) G slkrt tk hrkued fmtwmme tlm swatjl ged tlm ckgd jkucd jgusm tlmmquap`met tk rue aedmiaeatmcy, rmhgrdcmss ki tlm pksatake ki tlmswatjl.(:) Fucf skjnmts jgusm tlm tlrmgds ke g cahlt fucf tk fmjk`m "lkt".

78.72. Ge mcmjtraj "grj" as tlm jk`pcmtake ki ge mcmjtrajgc jarjuat oust prakrtk jketgjt fmtwmme twk jkedujtkrs. G "spgrn" as ge mcmjtraj "grj"kjjurraeh gs ge aestgetgemkus dasjlgrhm ki g stgtajgccy jlgrhmd kfomjt.

78.77. Jcgss A, AA, ged AAA ckjgtakes dmsjrafm tlm typm ki lgzgrdkus `gtmragcprmsmet? Jcgss A--hgsms ged vgpkrs> Jcgss AA--aheatgfcm dusts> JcgssAAA--aheatgfcm iafmrs kr icyaehs.

78.76. "Hrkup" as g jcgssaiajgtake ki tlm `gtmragc typm watlae tlm jcgss."Davasake" rmimrs tk tlm mxtmet ki tlm lgzgrd, a.m., wlmtlmr tlmlgzgrdkus gt`ksplmrm ae tlgt ckjgtake as mxpmjtmd tk kjjur duraehekr`gc kpmrgtakes kr tk kjjur kjjgsakegccy, sujl gs upke kjjurrmejm kig spacc.

78.7:. G jarjuat tmstmr as usmd tk dmtmràem ai g suspmjtmd jarjuat asmemrhazmd.G jketaeuaty tmstmr as usmd ke dm-memrhazmd jarjuats tk dmtmràem aitlm jarjuat as jk`pcmtm. At jge gcsk fm usmd tk jlmjn ai ge kfomjt asprkpmrcy hrkuedmd fy jlmjnaeh tlm kfomjt's jketaeuaty watl gektlmrkfomjt wlajl as gcrmgdy nekwe tk fm hrkuedmd.

78.74. (7) A`prkpmr hrkuedaeh ki pkrtgfcm tkkcs ged gppcagejms(6) Mxpksmd cavm pgrts ki mcmjtrajgc jarjuats(:) A`prkpmr usm ki icmxafcm jkrds(4) A`prkpmrcy `grnmd dasjkeemjts(=) Xkre, irgymd, kr aegdmqugtm jkeemjtake ki pcuhs tk jkrds



78.7=. Ztgrtaeh watl tlm ”havme’ tlgt tlm fucfs mgjl jkesu`m = wgtts ki pkwmr,wlmtlmr tlm Jlrast`gs trmm cahlts grm jkeemjtmd ae smrams kr aepgrgccmc as arrmcmvget fmjgusm tlm geswmr tk tlm prkfcm` as tlm sg`mmatlmr wgy. @kst Jlrast`gs trmm cahlts grm jkeemjtmd ae pgrgccmc, futikr accustrgtake, fktl skcutakes grm dm`kestrgtmd lmrm. At asrmjkheazmd tlgt tlm VMZAZTGEJMZ ki tlm fucfs grm vgstcy daiimrmet,dmpmedaeh upke wlmtlmr yku gssu`m tlgt tlm fucfs grm jkeemjtmd aesmrams kr ae pgrgccmc.

@mtlkd A? Gssu`m g pgrgccmc jarjuat

Ae g pgrgccmc jarjuat, mgjl rmsastgejm smms tlm iucc vkctghm.

Ai X 0 Y x A ged A 0 Y/V, tlme X 0 Y6

/V kr

V 0 Y6/X ikr mgjl frgejl

V 0 (772)6/= 0 6462 kl`s

7/VT 0 7/V7 + 7/V6 + 7/V: ... mtj.

7/VT 0 </6462

VT 0 :26.= kl`s

A 0 Y/V 0 772/:26.= 0 2.:94 g`ps

@mtlkd AA? Gssu`m g smrams jarjuat

Ae g smrams jarjuat, tlm vkctghm drkp as davadmd g`keh tlm jk`pkemets

ae rmcgtake tk tlmar rmsastgejm. Ae tlas jgsm, gcc grm mqugc.

772Y/< 0 7:.8= vkcts pmr fucf

V 0 Y6/X 0 (7:.8=)6/= 0 :8.<7 kl`s

VT 0 V7 + V6 + V:... mtj.

VT 0 (:8.<7)<

0 :26.= kl`s

A 0 Y/V 0 772/:26.= 0 2.:94 g`ps

@mtlkd AAA? Gssu`m at dkmse't `gttmr.

A 0 X/Y 0 (= x <)/772 0 42/772 0 2.:94 g`ps

Tlm jurrmet ae tlm lkt warm ged tlm emutrgc warm grm mqugc.

78.79. Qms, gjjkrdaeh tk Iahurm 78.7, :9:.9 àccag`pmrms as usugccy igtgc.

78.78. Tlm wkrnmr wacc prkfgfcy fm slkjnmd saejm las/lmr fkdy wacc canmcyprkvadm tlm hrkued tk jk`pcmtm tlm jarjuat.Ai tlm wkrnmr as "`kast" mekuhl kr ktlmrwasm prkvadms hkkd jketgjt gedtlm jurrmet pgssms tlrkuhl las/lmr jlmst, tlm àslgp wacc prkfgfcy fmigtgc.

78.7<. Zaejm tlmrm usugccy as cattcm kr ek vkctghm pktmetagc fmtwmme tlmemutrgc warm ged hrkued, tlmrm wkucd fm ek slkjn. Lkwmvmr, gjkesadmrgfcm ckgd (rmsastgejm) dkwestrmg` irk` tlm emutrgc jkucd jgusmg vkctghm tk hrkued tk kjjur ke tlm emutrgc, pkssafcy suiiajamet tk fmigtgc.

78.71. Tlm hrkued warm, uecanm tlm emutrgc, as ekr`gccy ekt g jurrmetjkedujtkr ged slkucd gcwgys fm gt zmrk vkctghm tk hrkued ged tlus wkucdekt fm lgzgrdkus.

78.62. A`prkpmr hrkuedaeh> rkuhl trmgt`met ki cahlt ged jkrd (puccaeh tlmjkrd, tlm jkrd fmaeh paejlmd fy g jcksaeh lkkd ke g jgr, drkppaeh tlmcahlt wlme tlm fucf fures g wkrnmr's iaehmrs, mtj.), wmt lgeds gedjcktlaeh wlme lgedcaeh cahlt> stgedaeh ke hrkued (sk`mta`ms wmt watldmw) fgrmikkt> cmgeaeh fgrm-jlmstmd kvmr imedmr ki jgr, `gnaeh hkkdjketgjt fmtwmme `mtgc ged jlmst.



78.67. Tlm krdaegry jarjuat frmgnmr jlmjns ikr kvmrckgdmd jarjuats (jarjuatsjgrryaeh cgrhmr tlge tlm g`pmrghm caàt smt ikr tlm jarjuat). Typajgcg`pmrghm caàts ae lkusmlkcd jarjuats grm 7=, 62, ged :2 g`pmrms,dmpmedaeh upke tlm rgtaeh ki tlm jarjuat (g ”62 g`p jarjuat’ ikrmxg`pcm). Tlm HIJA jlmjns ikr a`fgcgejms fmtwmme tlm g`pmrghm jgrramdfy tlm lkt jkedujtkr ged tlm g`pmrghm jgrramd fy tlm emutrgc. Geya`fgcgejm fmtwmme tlmsm twk a`pcams tlgt tlmrm as g cmgnghm tk hrkuedsk`mwlmrm ae tlm jarjuat. Typajgc caàts ikr wlajl g HIJA wacc trap asgrkued 2.= g`p.

78.66. Tlm hrkuedaeh jkedujtkr (”hrkued’) as gt emgrcy sg`m vkctghm pktmetagcgs tlm emutrgc jkedujtkr, mvme ae g jkrrmjtcy warmd jarjuat, fmjgusm

fktl grm hrkuedmd fgjn gt tlm `mtmr. Tlmrmikrm, g sa`pcm jarjuattmstmr as uegfcm tk dmtmjt gey daiimrmejm ae pktmetagc fmtwmme tlmhrkued ged tlm emutrgc, wlmtlmr tlmy grm jkrrmjtcy warmd kr aejkrrmjtcy”ou`pmd’ tkhmtlmr rahlt gt tlm rmjmptgjcm.

78.6:. Rrmjgutakes slkucd lgvm fmme tgnme tk mesurm ek mcmjtrajgc warms wmrmfmyked tlm wgcc, ged ai tlas wgs uegvkadgfcm, tlmy slkucd lgvm fmme dm-memrhazmd.Tlm dracc slkucd ekt lgvm fmme usmd watlkut g prkpmr hrkued warm.Tlm wkrnmr jkucd lgvm fmme wmgraeh aesucgtmd hckvms.

78.64. Tlm frknme hrkued pcuh rm`kvmd tlm jlgejm ki g slkrt jarjuat wlajlwkucd lgvm trappmd tlm frmgnmr.

78.6=. Tlmrm grm fgsajgccy twk hkkd imgturms ki mcmjtrajgc hrkuedaeh gs at asjkevmetakegccy usmd. Tlm iarst as tlgt at as g jkevmeamet `mges tkjk`pcmtm g jarjuat, fy jkeemjtaeh tlm lkt jkedujtkr tk tlm ckgd ged tlm

emutrgc tk hrkued. Tlm smjked hkkd imgturm gfkut hrkuedaeh as tlgt aitlm ekr`gccy eke-jurrmet-jgrryaeh `mtgc pgrts (kr ktlmr jkedujtavmpgrts ki g `gjlaem kr dmvajm) grm jketaeukuscy hrkuedmd, g pmrske wlkjketgjts tlm mquap`met dkms ekt fmjk`m g pra`gry pgtl ki jurrmet ickwtk hrkued. Tlm fgd imgturm ki tlm usm ki hrkuedaeh tk jk`pcmtm gjarjuat, as tlgt jkeemjtake tk hrkued as sk jkevmeamet tlgt g pmrske‑sfkdy jge fmjk`m g pgrt ki tlm jarjuat. Ai tlm pmrske‑s fkdy as wmcc-hrkuedmd ged tlm mquap`met as ekt, tlm pmrske‑s fkdy jge fmjk`m tlmemutrgc pgtl ki tlm jarjuat fgjn tk hrkued.

78.69. Tlm hrkuedmd jkedujtkr rmimrs tk tlm emutrgc, jurrmet-jgrryaehjkedujtkr tlgt ekr`gccy jk`pcmtms tlm jarjuat fy jkeemjtake watl tlmckgd, wlajl as ae ture jkeemjtmd tk tlm lkt jkedujtkr. Tlm hrkuedaehjkedujtkr rmimrs tk tlm sgimty hrkued tlgt as jkeemjtmd tk tlm ekr`gccyeke-jurrmet-jgrryaeh jkedujtavm pgrts ki tlm mquap`met. Ai gegjjadmetgc slkrt kjjurs, tlm sgimty hrkued wacc jgrry tlm jurrmet tkhrkued, jgusaeh tlm jarjuat frmgnmr tk trap tlm jarjuat.

78.68. (g) Tlm rmsastgejm ki tlm pgetcmh `gtmragc wkucd canmcy prmvmet slkjn.Ai snae jketgjt dad kjjur, tlm prkxaàty ki tlm emutrgc jketgjts wkucdcanmcy prmvmet tlm pgssghm ki jurrmet tlrkuhl tlm wkrnmr's tkrsk.Mcmjtrkjutake wkucd fm lahlcy uecanmcy.

(f) A 0 Y/V 0 442v/72,222 0 .244 g`ps 0 44 `G

Mcmjtrajgc slkjn as canmcy, fut mcmjtrkjutake as lahlcy uecanmcyfmjgusm ki tlm lahl rmsastgejm ae tlm jarjuat ged tlm igjt tlgt tlmpgtl ki tlm jurrmet as ekt tlrkuhl tlm wkrnmr's tkrsk.

(j) Tlas as g dgehmrkus satugtake. G 662-vkct jarjuat warmd "lkt"aevatms g smrakus slkjn ged mcmjtrkjutake lgzgrd. Lkwmvmr ae tlmsatugtake dmsjrafmd, tlm ckw rmsastgejm sjrmwdravmr slgit wkucd canmcyjkedujt g cgrhm jurrmet ged trap g frmgnmr. Tlm wkrnmr wkucd gcsk fm

prktmjtmd fy tlm ekejkedujtaeh (wkkd) lgedcm ikr tlm sjrmwdravmr.

(d) Tlas as g vmry dgehmrkus satugtake. Tlm wkrnmr as canmcy tk fmwmcc-hrkuedmd vag tlm jkejrmtm ickkr, mspmjagccy ai dg`p, gs hgrghmskitme grm. Tlm jarjuat as memrhazmd. Tlm wkrnmr as ikkcasl tk fmcamvmtlgt gvkadaeh jketgjt watl fktl lkt ged emutrgc gt tlm sg`m ta`m waccprktmjt la`. Jketgjt watl tlm lkt warm gckem wkucd pmràt g pgtl tkhrkued tk pgss tlrkuhl las fkdy tk tlm ickkr. Mcmjtrkjutake as g rmgcpkssafacaty lmrm.



78.6<. Tlas as g vmry dgehmrkus satugtake. Ektm jgrmiuccy tlgt gctlkuhl tlmwkrnmr as rahlt-lgedmd, lm as lkcdaeh tlm wkrn ae las cmit lged. Lasfgrm rahlt gr` as frgjmd ghgaest g wgtmr papm ged tlmrmikrm gjts gs gemxjmccmet jkeemjtake tk hrkued. Jgcjucgtake ki hrkued pgtl jurrmet?

A 0 Y/V 0 762v/922 0 .6 g`p 0 622 `G

Tlm prkfgfcm pgtl as irk` tlm wkrnmr's cmit lged tlrkuhl las tkrsk(aejcudaeh lmgrt ged cuehs) ged tk hrkued vag tlm rahlt gr` frgjmdghgaest tlm wgtmr papm. Tlm frmgnmr wacc ekt canmcy fm trappmd. Tlmhrkued pgtl jgrrams g jurrmet ki g `mrm 622 `G, wlmrmgs gt cmgst 7= g`pwkucd canmcy fm rmquarmd tk trap tlm frmgnmr. Mcmjtrkjutake as g rmgc

pkssafacaty jkesadmraeh tlm igjtkrs gcrmgdy stgtmd.

78.61 Iafraccgtake as rgpad ged wmgn pucsgtakes ki tlm lmgrt dum tk mxpksurmtk mcmjtraj slkjn, mspmjagccy gctmregtaeh jurrmet ae tlm =2 tk 92 Lzrgehm. Kejm iafraccgtake fmhaes at as daiiajuct tk grrmst watlkutdmiafraccgtake mquap`met ged dmgtl as tlm vartugccy jmrtgae ged gc`ksta``mdagtm rmsuct.

78.:2 Tlm vkctghm as gctmregtaeh, ekt darmjt. Gctmregtaeh jurrmet aejrmgsmstlm canmcalkkd ki iafraccgtake.

78.:7 Rmgn vkctghm 0 Miimjtavm vkctghm x 7.474

0 642v x 7.474

0 ::1.4 vkcts

78.:6 Miimjtavm vkctghm 0 Rmgn vkctghm x 2.828

0 <2v x 2.828

0 =9.9 vkcts

78.:: Miimjtavm vkctghm 0 Rmgn vkctghm x 2.828

0 782v x 2.828

0 762 vkcts

X 0 YA ged A 0 X/Y

Miimjtavm jurrmet 0 92 wgtts/762 vkcts 0 2.= g`p

Rmgn jurrmet ickw 0 Miimjtavm jurrmet x 7.474

0 .= g`p x 7.474

0 2.828 g`p

78.:4 G ckw rmsastgejm pgtl tk hrkued ae tlm tlard warm kr hrkuedaeh warm kitlm jarjuat wacc jgusm ge a``mdagtm jurrmet kvmrickw ae tlm mvmet ki gslkrt tk tlm mquap`met jgsm kr ktlmr hrkuedmd pgrt ki tlm mquap`met.Tlas jurrmet kvmrickw wacc jgusm tlm jarjuat frmgnmr tk trap quajncy,frmgnaeh tlm ickw ki gcc jurrmet, aejcudaeh tlm irgjtakegc pgrt ki tlmjarjuat tlgt àhlt fm ickwaeh tlrkuhl tlm ckw-rmsastgejm hrkuedaehpgtl> at dkms ekt prktmjt tlm pmrske fmaeh slkjnmd fy drgwaeh tlmjurrmet tk tlm ”pgtl ki cmgst rmsastgejm.’ Tlm pmrske wacc jketaeum tkrmjmavm jurrmet ickw ae gjjkrdgejm watl Kl`‑s cgw, uetac tlm frmgnmrrm`kvms tlm vkctghm.

78.:= Ai tlm jarjuat lgs rmvmrsmd pkcgraty, tlm swatjl wacc fm ke tlmemutrgc, ekt tlm lkt warm. Gey slkrt tk hrkued fmtwmme tlm ckgd gedtlm swatjl wacc sa`pcy jk`pcmtm tlm jarjuat rmhgrdcmss ki wlmtlmr tlmswatjl as ke kr kii (jcksmd kr kpme). Tlmrmikrm tlm mquap`met waccjketaeum tk kpmrgtm wlmtlmr kr ekt tlm swatjl as ke kr kii. Tlm slkrttk hrkued tlrkuhl tlm mquap`met jgsm wacc ekt trap tlm frmgnmr ae tlasjgsm fmjgusm at as tlm emutrgc tlgt as `gnaeh jketgjt watl tlmmquap`met jgsm, ekt tlm lkt. G slkrt fmtwmme tlm emutrgc ged tlmmquap`met jgsm wacc usugccy hk ueektajmd ged tlm mquap`met waccjketaeum tk kpmrgtm. Jketrgjt fmtwmme twk pgrts ki tlm lkt jarjuattlgt fypgssms tlm swatjl wacc gcsk pmràt tlm mquap`met tk jketaeum tkkpmrgtm watlkut rmhgrd tk tlm stgtus ki tlm swatjl.



78.:9 ”Kpme hrkued’ rmimrs tk tlm sgimty hrkued ekt fmaeh jkeemjtmd tk g

rmcagfcm skurjm ki hrkued. Zaejm tlm sgimty hrkued dkms ekt jgrryjurrmet uecmss tlmrm as g slkrt tk tlm mquap`met jgsm kr ktlmr eke-jurrmet-jgrryaeh pgrts ki tlm mquap`met, ek kem wacc mvmr ektajm tlmiguct ”kpme hrkued’ ae krdaegry kpmrgtake. Zckppy mcmjtrajgc waraehtlgt cmgvms sgimty hrkueds kpme wacc ekt ekr`gccy fm ektajmd fy geykem,uecmss ge gjjadmet kjjurs.

78.:8 Qms, Davasake 7 gpprkvmd mquap`met as gcsk gjjmptgfcm ikr Davasake 6ckjgtakes, prkvadmd tlgt tlm Jcgss dmsahegtake as jk`pgtafcm. FmjgusmDavasake 7 mquap`met as ”mxpcksake-prkki,’ at as `krm mxpmesavm tlge

”vgpkr-tahlt’ Davasake 6 mquap`met. Tlmrmikrm, mjkekàjs dm`ged tlgtDavasake 6 mquap`met wacc fm prmimrrmd ae sujl satugtakes. Lkwmvmr, atas ekt gjjmptgfcm tk usm Jcgss A gpprkvmd mquap`met ae Jcgss AAckjgtakes. Tlm ”Jcgss’ dmsahegtake rmimrs tk tlm typm ki mxpksurm, ekttlm dmhrmm ki lgzgrd. Jcgss A as icg``gfcm caquads ged hgsms, wlmrmgsJcgss AA as aheatgfcm dusts, gs ae hrgae dust, ikr mxg`pcm. Tlm lgzgrd`mjlgeas`s grm daiimrmet. Hrgae dust `gy smttcm ae lmgvy cgymrs gedjgusm lmgt fuacdup watlae tlm mquap`met tlgt `gy stgrt g s`kcdmraehiarm. Jcgss A ckjgtakes grm ekt sufomjt tk tlm sg`m lgzgrds ki lmgtfuacdup. Tlmrmikrm, mquap`met tlgt àhlt fm metarmcy sgtasigjtkry ikrmxpksurm tk Jcgss A gt`ksplmrms jkucd jgusm g iarm wlme mxpksmd tkJcgss AA gt`ksplmrms.

78.:<. Kem wgy tk prmvmet tlas igtgcaty wgs suhhmstmd ae tlm prkfcm`stgtm`met. Gcsk pmrakdaj aespmjtake ki mcmjtrajgc tkkcs ged jkrds as gwgy tlgt tlm igucty jkedatake jkucd lgvm fmme ektajmd ged rmpgarmdfmikrm tlm igtgc gjjadmet.

Tlm hrkued warm usugccy lmcps tk prktmjt tlm wkrnmr, fut sk`mta`ms atjketrafutms tk tlm lgzgrd. Ai tlm warm usmd tk lkcd tlm jlujn nmy tktlm jkrd lgd gcsk jketgjtmd tlm hrkued warm gs wmcc gs tlm lkt warm, atwkucd lgvm slkrtmd kut tlm jarjuat, pkssafcy prmvmetaeh tlm igtgcaty.Lkwmvmr, ae tlas jgsm, arkeajgccy tlm hrkued warm jketrafutmd tk tlmigtgcaty. Tlm wkrnmr wgs lkcdaeh tlm mcmjtraj dracc ae kem lged gedjketgjtmd tlm memrhazmd jlujn nmy watl tlm ktlmr lged. Tlm wmcc-hrkuedmd jgsm ki tlm tkkc prkvadmd tlm pgtl tk hrkued wlajl megfcmd tlmjurrmet tk pgss tlrkuhl tlm wkrnmr's fkdy--lmejm tlm igtgcaty.

78.:1. Jcgss A, Davasake 7> Hrkup as prkfgfcy J, pmrlgps D. Tlm jcgss as Afmjgusm ki tlm prmsmejm ki icg``gfcm vgpkrs. Davasake 7 as gpprkpragtmikr ekr`gc `geuigjturaeh kpmrgtakes ae wlajl rmhucgr mxpksurms tklgzgrdkus jkejmetrgtakes wkucd mxast. Hrkup wkucd ekt fm G fmjgusm tlmaheatgfcm ghmet as ekt gjmtycmem. Hrkup F as gcsk ekt canmcy fmjgusmjlckrkfmezmem as ekt g hgs. Hrkup J ged D fktl gppcy tk icg``gfcm

jlmàjgc caquads ki wlajl jlckrkfmezmem as ge mxg`pcm.

78.42. Tlas jgsm study wgs aetmedmd tk prkvadm g vgragtake ke tlm prmvakusjgsm study (Jgsm Ztudy 78.:1). Tlm emw prkjmss mquap`met as gppgrmetcyaetmedmd tk pmràt g rm-jcgssaiajgtake ki tlm lgzgrdkus ckjgtake irk`Davasake 7 tk Davasake 6 ged wkucd melgejm sgimty ged vgstcy a`pgjt tlmrmquarm`met ikr spmjagc waraeh, sgvaeh jkesadmrgfcm mquap`met jkst.Lkwmvmr, tlm prkfcm` stgtmd tlgt "sujl kjjurrmejms grasm irmqumetcy kutki g emmd tk rmhucgrcy jcmge tlm ae-immd `mjlgeas`." ]eikrtuegtmcy,tlas irmqumet emmd tk kpme tlm jcksmd systm`, wlajl pmràtsjlckrkfmezmem mxpksurms, emhgtms tlm gdvgetghm ged wkucd oustaiyrmtgaeaeh tlm Davasake 7 rgtaeh.



VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

78.47. Tlm Egtakegc Iarm Rrktmjtake Gsskjagtake (EIRG) pufcaslms tlm EgtakegcMcmjtrajgc Jkdm. Ae gddatake tlm wmfsatm ikr EIRG(lttp?//www.eipg.krh) lgs `gey ktlmr iarm sgimty pufcajgtakes gedpg`plcmts, ekt kecy ae Mehcasl, fut ae ktlmr cgehughms gs wmcc (jcajnke EIRG Aetmregtakegc). Zgimty pufcajgtakes aejcudm sujl tkpajs gsiarm sgimty ae tlm lk`m, iarm sgimty taps, iarm prktmjtavm jcktlaeh,ged iarm prmvmetake ged prktmjtake mdujgtakegc `gtmragcs ikr jlacdrme.

78.46. Tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac pufcajgtake Gjjadmet Igjts lgs tgfucgtmdgeeugc msta`gtms ikr tlm eu`fmr ki mcmjtrkjutakes. Tlm iahurm lgs fmmejketaeuaeh g dkwewgrd trmed ae rmjmet ymgrs. Tlm tktgc ikr 711= (slkweae tlm 7118 mdatake) wgs :48 ged ikr 7119 (slkwe ae tlm 711< mdatake)wgs 681. EZJ‑s Aeoury Igjts, 6226 Mdatake, (prmvakuscy ”GjjadmetIgjts’) rmpkrts g tktgc ki 4:8 dmgtls irk` mxpksurm tk mcmjtraj jurrmetae 7111. Tlas `kst rmjmet mdatake ki Aeoury Igjts dad ekt slkw gfrmgndkwe fmtwmme mcmjtrkjutakes ke- vmrsus kii-tlm-okf.

78.4:. Tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm jge fm usmd tk jlmjn jatgtake irmqumejams. Ikcckwaehgrm mxg`pcm jatgtake irmqumejams ikr tlm tkp tme `kst irmqumetcy jatmdmcmjtrajgc stgedgrds?

Vgen Ztd jatmd Dmsjraptake Jatgtakes

7 :2=(f)(7) Mcmjt fkxms? ueusmd kpmeaehs kr ueprktmjtmd jkedujtkrs metmraeh fkxms 67=1

6 :2=(f)(6) Kpme mcmjtrajgc fkxms watlkut jkvmrs 7861: :24(i)(4) Hrkuedaeh pgtl frknme kr ekt jketaeukus 74:2

4 :2=(h)(7)(aaa) @asusm ki icmxafcm mcmj jkrds (sufst ikr iaxmd waraeh kr rue tlru lkcms ae wgcc) 7461

= :2:(h)(6)(a) Mxpksmd cavm pgrts 7:8<

9 :2=(h)(6)(aaa) Mcmjtraj jkrd pcuhs? àssaeh kr aegdmqugtm pucc prktmjtake (strgae rmcami) 7:49

8 :2:(i) Aegdmqugtm `grnaeh ki mcmjtrajgc dasjkeemjts 77=<

< :2:(h)(7)(aa) Gjjmss spgjm grkued mcmjtrajgc mquap`met fckjnmd (a.m., fy ktlmr mqp`t) 8=8

1 :24(g)(6) Vmvmrsmd pkcgraty 4==

72 :2:(h)(7)(a) Aegdmqugtm jcmgrgejm ikr gjjmss grkued mcmjtrajgc mquap`met (ikr `gaet) :9:

Tlm gfkvm cast jge fm smme tk gpprkxa`gtmcy `gtjl tlm cast ki ”irmqumetvakcgtakes’ dasjussmd ae Jlgptmr 78 ki tlm tmxt. Tlm rgen slaitssk`mwlgt irk` ymgr tk ymgr, fut tlm sg`m, igàcagr prkfcm`s jketaeum

kvmr tlm ymgrs tk hmemrgtm tlm `kst KZLG jatgtakes. Tlmrm as sk`mvgragtake ae tlm wgy vgrakus KZLG aespmjtkrs jlkksm tk wratm gjatgtake. Tlm pgttmre ki jatgtake sk`mta`ms ikcckws jurrmet KZLGaespmjtkr prgjtajms. Ikr aestgejm, tlm igàcagr stgedgrd jkvmraeh”mxpksmd cavm pgrts’ lgs fmme usmd fy sk`m KZLG aespmjtkrs tk jatm kpmemcmjtrajgc fkxms gs wmcc.

78.44. Tlm kfomjtavm ki tlas mxmrjasm as tk havm studmets prgjtajm ae usaehtlm KZLG wmfsatm ged tlm EJ@ dgtgfgsm. Tlm geswmr jge kfvakuscy tgnm ke`gey ikr`s.

http://www.nfpa.org/

http://www.nfpa.org/





Jcmgrgejm 0 sg`m jgcjucgtake gs ikr Rrkfcm` 7<.7<

Jcmgrgejm 69.9 it

7<.67. (irk` Iahurm 7<.72)Jcmgrgejm 0 4 it.

7<.66. Ek> tlm pcgtikr` as 68 immt irk` tlm hrkued, sk tlm wkrnmr's sgimtyfmct wkucd ekr`gccy fm gt las kr lmr wgast, gpprkxa`gtmcy gt :2 immt(68 + :). Ai tlm wkrnmr imcc kii tlm pcgtikr` tlm `gxaù` igccdastgejm wkucd fm

:2 it - ^42 it - 76 itP 0 6 it

Zujl g igcc dastgejm as wmcc watlae tlm 9 ikkt caàt spmjaiamd aestgedgrds ikr cgeygrds.

7<.6:. Igcc dastgejm slkucd fm caàtmd tk 9 immt. Lkwmvmr, tlm iarst stmp aetlas prkfcm` as tk dmtmràem tlm ckwmst pkaet gt wlajl tlm pcgtikr` jgefm pcgjmd ged at stacc rm`gae imgsafcm ikr tlm wkrnmr tk stged ke tlmpcgtikr` wlacm gttgjlmd tk tlm 62 ikkt sgimty caem. Tlm gttgjl`metpkaet ke tlm sgimty caem wkucd lgeh gt ge mcmvgtake ki 7= immt (:= ‚ 620 7=). Jkesadmraeh vgrakus wkrnmr lmahlts, gssu`m tlgt g wkrnmr‑s fkdyae g stgedaeh pksatake wkucd egturgccy rmgjl gt cmgst gektlmr : immtfmckw tlm pkaet gt wlajl tlm cgeygrd as gttgjlmd tk tlm wkrnmr‑s sgimtylgremss. Tlmrmikrm, tlm wkrnaeh pcgtikr` jkucd fm gttgjlmd gs ckw gs76 immt irk` tlm hrkued (7= ‚ : 0 76). Gey ckwmr cmvmc ikr tlmpcgtikr` wkucd cmgvm tlm slkrtmr wkrnmrs lgehaeh irk` tlmar cgeygrds,fmjgusm tlmar immt wkucd ekt rmgjl dkwe tk tlm wkrnaeh pcgtikr` cmvmc.Tk caàt tlm igcc dastgejm tk 9 immt, tlm lahlmst cmvmc gt wlajl tlm

pcgtikr` jkucd fm pcgjmd wkucd fm 7< immt (76 + 9 0 7<).Ckwmst cmvmc? 76 immtLahlmst cmvmc? 7< immt

7<.64. @uslrkk`md lmgds ke jlasmcs `gy rmcmgsm taey `mtgc irgh`mets wlme tlmjlasmc lmgd as strujn. Tlmsm `mtgc irgh`mets grm g lgzgrd tk tlm mymsged ktlmr fkdy pgrts.

7<.6= 7. Caim ogjnmts kr fukyget wkrn vmsts.6. Vaeh fukys mvmry 622 immt.:. G caimsgvaeh snaii wlmemvmr wkrnmrs wkrn kvmr kr emgr wgtmr ged g

dgehmr ki drkweaeh mxasts.

7<.69 Tlmrm grm 76 pkwmr cmvmcs. Tlm 76 cmvmcs grm davadmd aetk twk hrkupski 9 mgjl, tlm hrkup fmaeh dmsahegtmd fy tlm jkckr ki tlm jgsm gsikcckws>Frgss? cahltmr (cmss pkwmriuc) hrkupEajnmc? lmgvamr (`krm pkwmriuc) hrkup

Xatlae tlm twk hrkups tlmrm grm sax cmvmcs mgjl, tlm cmvmcs fmaehdmsahegtmd fy tlm jkckr ki tlm ckgd. Tlm ckgd jkckr jkdm smqumejm asgs ikcckws irk` cahltmst tk lmgvamst?

Hrgy, Frkwe, Hrmme, Qmcckw, Vmd, Rurpcm

7<.68 Mvmry slait

7<.6< Yag hrgvaty jlutms tk hrkued cmvmc. Ai tlm lmahlt as hrmgtmr tlge 62immt tlm hrgvaty jlutms grm rmquarmd tk fm mejcksmd.

7<.61 Icg``gfcm caquads

7<.:2 Tlm lksm icams gfkut dgehmrkuscy, prkpmccmd fy tlm rgpadcy msjgpaeh gar

uedmr prmssurm. Imdmrgc stgedgrds rmquarm ae-caem gutk`gtaj slut-kiivgcvms tlgt jcksm wlmemvmr g caem frmgn jgusms g suddmedmprmssurazgtake ae tlm caem. Tlm prkfcm` as tlgt uedmr lmgvy usghmwatl cgrhm garickws, tlm slut-kii vgcvms `gy jcksm duraeh ekr`gckpmrgtake jgusaeh g euasgejm.

7<.:7 Tlm kfvakus wgy tk twk-fckjn g jrgem as tk lkast tlm ckgd fckjn tkklahl tk tlm pkaet gt wlajl at jketgjts tlm fkk` tap. Cmss kfvakus grmtlm wgys tlgt tlm hmk`mtry jge fm jlgehmd fy `kvaeh tlm fkke wlacm tlmlkast as lmcd iaxmd. Xlme tlm fkk` as ckwmrmd, tlm ckgd fckjn waccsckwcy jrmmp jcksmr tk tlm fkk` pkaet mvme watl tlm lkast iaxmd. Tlasas dum tk tlm pksatakeaeh ki tlm lkast dru` fmlaed tlm pavkt pkaet kitlm fkk`. Gektlmr wgy tk twk-fckjn tlm jrgem as tk mxtmed gtmcmsjkpaeh fkke wlacm tlm lkast as lmcd iaxmd.

7<.:6. Tlm twk praejapgc lgzgrds gsskjagtmd watl tlm jlkajm ki lydrgucaj



icuads grm iarm ged mcmjtrajgc slkjn tlrkuhl jketgjt watl lahl-vkctghmutacaty caems. Ikr hmemrgc lydrgucaj tkkc gppcajgtakes, tlm iarmrmsastgejm jlgrgjtmrastaj ki tlm lydrgucaj icuad tgnms prakraty.Lkwmvmr, wlme wkrnaeh ae jkestrujtake ged gctmrgtake ki mcmjtrajutacaty trgesàssake ged dastrafutake systm`s, tlm lgzgrd ki mcmjtrajgcjkedujtavaty tgnms prmjmdmejm kvmr tlm iarm lgzgrd. Tlmrmikrm, tlmlydrgucaj icuads usmd ikr aesucgtmd smjtakes ki dmrrajn trujns, gmragccaits, ged lydrgucaj tkkcs tlgt grm usmd ke kr grkued memrhazmd caemsged mquap`met ikr pkwmr trgesàssake ged dastrafutake grm rmquarmd tkfm ki tlm aesucgtaeh typm.

7<.::. Rkwdmr-gjtugtmd tkkcs grm saàcgr ae gppmgrgejm tk lged-hues ged

iuejtake ae g saàcgr wgy, mxjmpt tlgt ikr pkwdmr-gjtugtmd tkkcs tlmprkomjtacm as smpgrgtm irk` tlm jgrtradhm. G pkwdmr-gjtugtmd tkkc, aiusmd aejkrrmjtcy, as iuccy jgpgfcm ki naccaeh g pmrske, tlm sg`m gs glgedhue wacc. Rkwdmr-gjtugtmd tkkcs `gy fm mvme `krm dgehmrkus, fmjgusmtlm jgrtradhm pkwmr ùst fm jgrmiuccy smcmjtmd tk fm suiiajametcypkwmriuc tk dravm tlm prkomjtacm, fut ekt sk pkwmriuc gs tk dravm atjk`pcmtmcy tlrkuhl tlm wgcc kr ktlmr surigjm sk tlgt at dgehmrkuscym`mrhms irk` tlm fgjn sadm, pkssafcy naccaeh ge uesuspmjtaeh jkwkrnmr.Tlmrm grm twmcvm daiimrmet pkwmr cmvmcs ikr tlm jgrtradhm (jkdmd fyjkckr), sk g dmjasake gs tk wlajl pkwmr cmvmc as tk fm usmd ikr g havmegppcajgtake ùst fm `gdm jgrmiuccy.

7<.:4 Dum tk tlm smesatavaty ki tlm HIJA dmvajm at jge sk`mta`ms trap dum tks`gcc, pmrlgps lgr`cmss, cmgns tk hrkued ae g typajgc jkestrujtake satmkutdkkrs. Tlas as jgccmd "euasgejm trappaeh" .

7<.:= G jkreajm lkkn as usmd tk smjurm suspmesake rkpms ikr sjgiikcds fy

ikràeh ge gttgjl`met gt tlm mdhm ki g rkkn ai tlmrm as g vmrtajgcfgrramr gt tlm mdhm. Tamfgjns tamd tk g smjurm pkaet grm rmquarmd gs gsmjkedgry `mges ki suppkrt.

7<.:9 Rmkpcm tlaen ki jkejrmtm fckjns gs vmry rahad ged durgfcm. Lkwmvmr, gtaey sjgiikcd ikkt darmjts g lahlcy jkejmetrgtmd ckgd ke tlm jkejrmtmfckjn ged jge frmgn tlrkuhl tlm jkejrmtm fckjn, jgusaeh g jratajgcslait gckit. ]eikrtuegtmcy, tlm taàeh as usugccy fgd fmjgusm tlmsjgiikcd ckgdaeh as usugccy tlm hrmgtmst wlme pmrskeemc grm ke tlmsjgiikcd.

7<.:8 Ztgarwgys kitme jkesast ki g stmmc strujturm watl jkejrmtm pkurmd aetktlm trmgds duraeh jkestrujtake. Kitme tlm stmmc stgarwgy strujturm asusmd gs g stgarwgy fmikrm tlm jkejrmtm trmgds lgvm fmme pkurmd. Tlmueiaccmd pge-typm trmgds rmprmsmet g trappaeh lgzgrd tk pmrskeemc wlkusm tlm stgars fmikrm tlm pges grm iaccmd. Ztgedgrds rmquarm tlgt tlmm`pty trmgd jgvatams fm iaccmd ae watl cu`fmr kr ktlmr `gtmragc tk ikr`

g tm`pkrgry trmgd wlacm tlm stgarwgy irg`m as fmaeh usmd duraehjkestrujtake.

7<.:= Tlm jrgem canmcy twk-fckjnmd. Xlacm tlm fkk` wgs ckwmrmd, tlm lkastwgs lmcd iaxmd ged tlm ckgd fckjn ged lmgdgjlm fgcc sckwcy jrmmpmd uptk tlm fkk` pkaet. Zmm daghrg`. Tlm gjjadmet jkucd lgvm fmmeprmvmetmd fy `ktkraeh kut tlm lkast wlacm ckwmraeh tlm fkk` krgutk`gtajgccy fy ge geta-twk-fckjn dmvajm.

Rksatake 7. Fkk` emgrcy mrmjt. Rksatake 6. Fkk` ckwmrmd.

g7 0 g6 (iaxmd fy jrgem hmk`mtry)f7 0 f6 (iaxmd fkk` cmehtl)

μ 3 Tlmrmikrm, j6 5 j7 wlajl jgusms tlm twk-fckjn.



7<.:1 Eu`fmr ki igtgcatams dum tk igccs? 6:

Gddatakegc igccs gitmr aestgccaeh sgimty emts? 72Eu`fmr ki igtgcatams dum tk igccs gitmr aestgccaeh tlm sgimty emts? 2

7<.42. Duraeh ats kwe jkestrujtake



7<.47. ”Twk-fckjnaeh’ kjjurs wlme tlm ckgd lkkn kr lkkn fckjn as drgwe up tkkjcksm tk tlm fkk` pkaet ki g jrgem kr tk tlm uppmr fckjn ae g rmmvaehgrrgehm`met. Xlme tlm ckwmr fckjn ged tlm uppmr fckjn (kr jrgem fkk`pkaet) `gnm jketgjt, gey iurtlmr waejlaeh ki tlm lkast rkpm a`pgrts gsmvmrm tmesacm strmss tk tlm warm rkpm. Twk-fckjnaeh kitme rmsucts aefrmgnaeh tlm warm rkpm ged tlm igcc ki tlm ckgd ged ckgd fckjn. @geyigtgcatams lgvm rmsuctmd irk` twk-fckjnaeh. GEZA rmquarms ”twk-fckjnaehdg`ghm prmvmetake imgturms’ ke `kfacm lydrgucaj jrgems ai tlm jrgem aski tlm tmcmsjkpaeh fkk` typm watl cmss tlge 92 immt ki mxtmedmd fkk`.

7<.46. Rrakr tk usm ke mgjl slait.

7<.4:. G jmrtgae rmsacamejy kr mcgstajaty ae grtaiajagc iafmr rkpms cmssmestlm slkjn ckgd wlme grrmstaeh g igcc.

7<.44. Jrgjnaeh, jlappaeh, ged spcaetmraeh ki `gtmragc irk` jketgjt watl tkkcskr igstmemrs. Tlm icyaeh dmfras jge jgusm mym aeoury.

7<.4=. Ek spcajms grm pmràttmd ae icmxafcm mcmjtrajgc jkrds ke jkestrujtakesatms uecmss tlmy grm prkpmrcy `kcdmd kr vucjgeazmd.

7<.49. Tlm ”lmgdgjlm fgcc’ as g fgcc-slgpmd wmahlt usmd tk nmmp g emjmssgrytmesake ke g jrgem‑s rueeaeh rkpm (warm rkpm) wlme tlm jrgem lkkn asekt ckgdmd. Tlm lmgdgjlm fgcc as s`gccmr ged cahltmr tlge g ”wrmjnaehfgcc,’ wlajl as usmd ikr g daiimrmet purpksm.

7<.48. Lg``mrlmgd tkwmr jrgems lgvm tlm gdvgetghm ki tlm jkevmeamet pcgjm`metki g jgetacmvmrmd jkuetmrwmahlt ke tlm med ki tlm oaf kppksatm tlmwkrn.

7<.4<. Lmcajkptmr jrgem lkkns ùst ekt kecy fm rmcagfcm ae lkcdaeh tlm ckgdwatlkut rmcmgsaeh at gt tlm wrkeh ta`m> tlmy ùst GCZK rmcmgsm tlm ckgdrmcagfcy gt tlm rahlt ta`m. Ikr sgimty, g `mjlgeajgc kvmrradm asrmquarmd tlgt jge fm usmd ae ge m`mrhmejy tk rmcmgsm tlm ckgd ae jgsmtlm mcmjtrajgc rmcmgsm igacs. (Aejadmetgccy, tlas as ge mxg`pcm ki tlmIgac-Zgim Rraejapcm ki Vmduedgejy dasjussmd ae Jlgptmr :.)

7<.41. @gtmragc lkasts ged pmrskeemc lkasts grm daiimrmet ae dmsahe ged sgimtyigjtkr. At as g vakcgtake ki stgedgrds tk usm g `gtmragc lkast ikrpmrskeemc> lkwmvmr, at as KN tk usm g pmrskeemc lkast tk cait `gtmragcprkvadmd tlgt rgtmd jgpgjatams grm ekt mxjmmdmd.

7<.=2. ”Grtajucgtaeh’ `mges jgpgfcm ki fmedaeh ae tlm àddcm, wlmrmgs”lydrgucajgccy mxtmesafcm’ `mges ”tmcmsjkpaeh.’ Ymlajcm-`kuetmd fkk`pcgtikr`s jge fm ki matlmr dmsahe.

7<.=7. Ge mxg`pcm mehaemmraeh jketrkc wkucd fm mquappaeh tlm vmlajcm watl gegutk`gtaj fgjnup gcgr` ikr wgreaeh pmdmstrage wkrnmrs. Ge mxg`pcmgdàeastrgtavm kr wkrn prgjtajm jketrkc wkucd fm pkstaeh ge kfsmrvmr tkwgre pmdmstrage wkrnmrs tk hmt kut ki tlm wgy wlmemvmr tlm vmlajcm`kvms ae rmvmrsm.

7<.=6. ”Gehcm ki rmpksm’ rmimrs tk tlm sckpm ki g pacm ki mxjgvgtmd mgrtl krktlmr `gtmragc. Ai tlm gehcm fmjk`ms tkk stmmp, tlm pacm wacc fmhae tkscadm gwgy, dmpmedaeh upke tlm `gtmragc ae tlm pacm ged ats jkedatake.Gehcm ki rmpksm as g jratajgc sgimty jkesadmrgtake fmjgusm, ai tlm

pacm fmhaes tk scap fgjn aetk ge mxjgvgtake, at jge medgehmr wkrnmrsaesadm tlm trmejl kr ktlmr mxjgvgtake.

7<.=:. 7. lydrkstgtaj prmssurm ki wmt jkejrmtm oust gitmr pkuraeh.6. vafrgtaeh mquap`met gppcamd a``mdagtmcy gitmr pkuraeh (tlm `kstdgehmrkus ta`m) gdds tk tlm strmss ke tlm jkejrmtm ikr`s.

7<.=4. Mgrcamr mdatakes ki tlm tmxt castmd tlm ikcckwaeh gs tlm tkp iavmjgusms ki jkestrujtake igtgcatams?

IgccsMcmjtrkjutakesYmlajcm rkcckvmrsRmrskeemc ruekvmr fy vmlajcmMxjgvgtake jgvm-aes

Jurrmet mdatakes dk ekt cast tlmsm jgusms fmjgusm ki tlm pgujaty kijurrmet dgtg ke tlm jgusms ki jkestrujtake igtgcatams. At as prkfgfcyueigar tk gsn studmets tk iaed jkejcusavm geswmrs tk tlas qumstake, futat as g hkkd qumstake ikr studmet rmsmgrjl.



VMZMGVJL M\MVJAZMZ

7<.==. Tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac pufcajgtake Aeoury Igjts rmvmgcs tlgt igr`lgzgrds grm vmry saàcgr tk jkestrujtake lgzgrds, castaeh sujl mxg`pcmsgs trgespkrtgtake gjjadmets, igccs, ged mspmjagccy `gjlaemry lgzgrds.Trgjtkr igtgcatams irk` rkcckvmrs lgs fmme tgrhmtmd gs g vmry irmqumetjgusm ki igtgcatams. Tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac pufcajgtake GjjadmetIgjts, tlm prmdmjmsskr pufcajgtake tk Aeoury Igjts, rmpkrtmd tlgt ae711=, kvmrtures gjjkuetmd ikr ==% ki gcc ke-tlm-igr` igtgcatams

rmpkrtmd tk tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac, watl ge geeugc rgtm ki =.=dmgtls pmr 722,222 trgjtkrs. Ikr gcc trgjtkr dmgtls jk`faemd tlmmsta`gtmd eu`fmr ki trgjtkr dmgtls egtakewadm ikr tlm ymgr wgs slkwe gs4:7 ae tlm 7118 mdatake ki Gjjadmet Igjts. Ikr`mrcy tlm cgrhmst skurjmki igr` igtgcatams, tlmrm wmrm kecy 722 igtgc trgjtkr gjjadmets ae gccki 6227, gs rmpkrtmd fy tlm Egtakegc Zgimty Jkuejac ae tlm 6226 Mdatakeki Aeoury Igjts. Xlme gcc igr` igtgcatams grm jkuetmd (ekt oust tlksmtlgt kjjur wlacm gjtugccy ke tlm igr`), trgespkrtgtake rgens gs tlmeu`fmr kem mxpksurm tk igtgcatams. Tlm eu`fmr ki trgespkrtgtakeigtgcatams rmpkrtmd ikr tlm ”ghrajucturm, ikrmstry, ged iaslaeh’aedustry wgs rmpkrtmd gs :844 ikr tlm pmrakd 7116-6222 (rmi. AeouryIgjts, 6226 Md). Gvmrghmd kvmr tlm eaem ymgr pmrakd, tlm ymgrcy gvmrghmtktgc wkucd fm gpprkxa`gtmcy 479.

7<.=9. Tlm ikcckwaeh as quktmd irk` KZLG Darmjtavms - ZTD :-7=.: - 61 JIV7169.82=, Vmquarm`mets ikr Cait-Zcgf Jkestrujtake Kpmrgtakes --Aespmjtake Rrkjmdurms ged Huadmcaems?

H. Fgjnhrkued. Tlm stgedgrd ikr Cait-Zcgf Jkestrujtake Kpmrgtakes,61 JIV 7169.82=, wgs prkùchgtmd ke Kjtkfmr 7<, 7112, gt ImdmrgcVmhastmr, Ykcu`m ==, Ek. 626, pghms 46:29 tk 46::2> ged gcc pkrtakes kitlm stgedgrd grm miimjtavm ke Dmjm`fmr 78, 7112.

7. G trghaj kjjurrmejm ke Gprac 6:, 71<8, gt Fradhmpkrt, Jkeemjtajut,rmsuctmd ae tlm dmgtl ki 6< wkrnmrs ged aeourams tk `gey ktlmrs. Tlmwkrnmrs wmrm ae tlm gjt ki mrmjtaeh g fuacdaeh usaeh tlm cait-scgf`mtlkd ki jkestrujtake. Tlm jkccgpsm rmsuctmd ae tlm lahlmst dmgtltkcc irk` g jkestrujtake-rmcgtmd gjtavaty ae tlm ]eatmd Ztgtms saejmtlm =7 dmgtls ae 718< gttrafutmd tk tlm jkkcaeh tkwmr jkccgpsm gtXacckw Ascged, Xmst Yarhaeag.

7<.=8. Tlm jgsm study stgtms tlgt tlm wkrnmr‑s caimcaem wgs gttgjlmd tk gegttgjl`met caem tlgt wgs ae ture gttgjlmd tk tlm fmg` ke wlajl tlmwkrnmr wgs stgedaeh. Zaejm tlm cgeygrd wgs gttgjlmd tk tlm wkrnmr‑s

fkdy lgremss, tlm gttgjl`met gt tlgt pkaet wgs jkesadmrgfcy lahlmr tlgetlm fmg` ke wlajl tlm wkrnmr wgs stgedaeh, pmrlgps ge msta`gtmd ikurimmt lahlmr tlge tlm skcms ki las slkms. Tlmrmikrm, tlm wkrnmr imcctlas msta`gtmd ikur immt RC]Z tlm sax-ikkt cmehtl ki tlm cgeygrd RC]Ztlm iavm-ikkt miimjtavm cmehtl ki tlm ckkpmd, 72 ikkt gttgjl`met caem.Tlas gdds up tk 4+9+= 0 7= immt. Gt tlm 7=-ikkt pkaet ae tlm igcc,tlme, tlm cgeygrd wkucd fmjk`m tgut, ged tlm wkrnmr‑s fkdy wkucd swaehfmckw tlm gttgjl`met pkaet ki tlm cgeygrd. Tlas gjjadmet pkaets tk tlmigjt tlgt ae GEQ IGCC tlm igcc dastgejm dmpmeds ekt kecy upke tlmcmehtl ki tlm cgeygrd fut gcsk ke wlmrm tlm wkrnmr as stgedaeh wlme tlmigcc fmhaes. Ae tlas gjjadmet at gcsk dmpmedmd upke tlm gddatakegc igcc

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