Industrial Revolution Changes Technology and Work Pages Labour Aids the Industrial Revolution Britain had a large supply of labourers 1000s of people moved from the country to cities and ready to work in factories -Some were labourers on farms -Some sold their farms due to enclosure issues Government Aids the Industrial Revolution Government of the time is pro- business Business people had influence in government and were able to get parliament to pass laws that helped business grow Government encouraged improvements in transportation and the navy was used to protect shipping lanes Capitalists Aid the Industrial Revolution A person with money to invest Ready and willing to improve transportation and build factories for a profit Willing to exploit workers in order to make money Energy and Raw Materials Aid the Industrial Revolution Britain had large deposits of coal and iron which were important to the revolution -Everyone burned coal for heat -Steam engine used coal as fuel Coal is used to make iron -Iron wheels used in factories -Iron and brass steam engines and bridge supports helped to grow the transportation industry Textiles and the Revolution A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn. Helped to make Britain rich and powerful -Major trade resouces Making Fabric in the Revolution New inventions could speed up the steps and reduce workloads which means more money for manufacturers The Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves -Allowed thread to be made faster -The machine had many spindles and was driven by a crank Cloth and the Industrial Revolution All cloth is made from plant and animal fibers -Wool from sheep -Cotton from the cotton plant -Hemp from the hemp plant -Silk from silk worms Wool was the most important industry in Britain because Britains climate and geography suited sheep -Enclosures allowed farmers to breed sheep with thick wool The growing industry increased the desire to acquire new colonies and new sources of raw materials American SouthNew Colonies in India British mills favored cotton with long fibers grown in the American south This demand encouraged people in the south to become cotton farmers and increased the slave trade because slaves were used to tend cotton fields New colonies in India were used to supply cotton as well as dyes such as Indigo -A blue dye created from a plant Discouraged local industry as it would create competition for British industry -Gandhi wore local hand-woven cotton fabrics to protest British colonial practices Traditional Power Sources At the beginning of the revolution power was created by human might, horses, and running water Water wheels used to run machines in small factories Not very dependable sources of power The Steam Engine First invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 but perfected in the 1760s by James Watt Steam engines powered all early locomotives, steam boats and factories How it works Like a kettle boiling that whistles when steam is produced - The whistle sounds when steam is compressed in the narrow spout of the kettle. If steam is put under pressure in a boiler, it can be harnessed to power a turbine Recap: How did the Industrial Revolution Change Products and People Before the revolution many of the products people bought were handmade and produced in small numbers by people working in their homes -Little separation between home and work Now People worked outside the home making products by machine in large quantities Cottage Industry Work involved in making products took place in stages by different workers in their homes 1.A business person would pay for certain work to be done 2.Work was passed from one person to the next 3.The completed product would be picked up to be sold Cottage workers paid for piecework -paid for each piece of work they completed -The more you made the more you made Cottage Industry AdvantagesDisadvantages Can take care of family while working Could stay in your community Could get free help from friends Income benefited entire family No factories needed to be built by business owners Worked long hours for little pay Workers were isolated from each other Isolated workers could not stand up against bad business owners Spinning and Weaving Spinning and weaving all done by cottage workers Many women spun fabric to supplement incomes BUT Poorly paid because almost anyone could learn to spin and weave fabric -Did not need to be an artist -Many people spun fabric so wages kept low Cottage No More The inventions of the Industrial Revolution made the cottage system obsolete Most new machines were large and required a source of energy that individuals could not provide Workers now in factories working together to make each product -All about efficiency Britain's Transportation System In the 1700s, the transportation system was very poor Almost impossible to travel anywhere fast or easily -Muddy roads -Lack of roads Waterways were used to transport, but you could not reach all parts of the country Improved Roads Private companies built new roads and charged tolls for its use -New roads at no cost to the government James McAdam built roads with layers of crushed stone -Big stones on the bottom -Small gravel on top -Sides of the roads sloped to allow water run off Improved Waterway Transportation Investors began to build canals in the 1700s These canals could carry materials and goods by boat or barge Reduces the cost of shipping by Some canals had sections built as aqueducts high over river valleys Britain also improved sea docks and developed steamships Rail Transportation Investors put money into steam engines Steam engines were developed that could power railway locomotives which revolutionized transportation Linked factories to new markets By mid 1800s railway lines were built in Britain, Europe, and North America