Industrial Internet Reference Architecture traffic flow measurement Report traffic flow to Information Domain Receive commands from Application Domain on signal light control patters

Thingswise © All Right Reserved

Industrial Internet Reference Architecture

March 31, 2016

Shi-Wan Lin*Thingswise, LLC

* Also Co-Chair, Technology Working Group, Industrial Internet Consortium & Co-Chair, Vocabulary and Reference Architecture, NIST CPS Public Working Group


Objectives of Industrial Internet of Things

2

IIoTIIoTAdvanced Analytics

IntelligentIndustrial Operations

TransformationalBusiness Outcomes


Scope of Internet of Things

3

Resource Conservation

Operation Efficiency

New Applications & Services

New Business Models

Consumer IoT

Industrial Internet

IoT

Smart Homes

Connected carsWearables

Smart Cities

Smart Retails

Smart BuildingsHealthcare

ManufacturingOil & Gas

Transportation

AgricultureMining

…

Quality of Life

Safety

Resource Conservation

Operation Efficiency

New Applications & Services

New Business Models

New Economy

Smart Enterprise

Telecommunication

Autonomous Vehicles


Outcome Economy

Optimize utilization

Enhance Productivity

Reduce maint cost

Increase uptime

Enable mass customized production Improve

worker safety

Reduce energy & material consumption

Intelligent Industrial Operations

4

Optimal

Maint & Ops

Optimal

Business Process

New Capabilities

Digital Technologies

Pervasive Sensing

UbiquitousConnectivity

MassiveData Sharing

Advanced Analytics

OrchestratedProcesses


Smart Cities

5

Digital Technologies

Urban Living

Economic Activities

City Functions

Conserve natural resources

Protect the environment

Promote sustainable economic developments

Improve Governance

Enhance the wellbeing and quality of life for the citizens

Pervasive Sensing

UbiquitousConnectivity

MassiveData Sharing

Advanced Analytics

OrchestratedProcesses


Industrial Internet Environment

6

Collaborative Autonomy

Collective Intelligence

Dat

a

Co

llabo

ration

Decision

Mobile Computing

Social Media

Cloud / Fog Computing

Big Data & Analytic Machine Learning

Act

uat

e

Sen

se

Effect

Control

Data Coordination


Software Defined World Powered by Analytics

7

The Physical World

Software

Collective Analytics

Business

ObjectivesBusiness

OutcomesOrch

.

Dat

a

Orch

.

Dat

a

Orch

.D

ata

Orch

.

Dat

a

Orch

.

Dat

a

Net

wo

rk

Autonomous

Asset

Analytics

Autonomous

Asset

Analytics

Autonomous

Asset

Analytics

Autonomous

Asset

Analytics

Autonomous

Asset

Analytics

Local Collaboration


Major Technical Challenges

8

IndustrialInternet

Build Smart Assets

Connect to & ManageAssets

Collect Data & Apply Analytics

Build

New Apps &

Biz Processes

Interoperability & Data Sharing

Safety, Security, Regulations, …

Need Architectural & Platform

Approaches


Key Challenges in Smart City

9

SmartCity

Security & Privacy

Standards & Interoperability

Common Architectures &

Platforms

Safety

Integration w/ existing systems

Data Sharing

• Venerable to attacks• Acceptance by the users over privacy concerns

• Many one-off custom implantations• Not adaptable, extendable & upgradable• Not reusable, reducible & repeatable• Not efficient but costly• Not enjoy the scale of economy

• How to ensure a system is safe for its users, e.g. smart traffic mgnt

• How to ensure a system is available and effective when it critically needed, e.g. emergency response

• How to enable data sharing among disparate and heterogeneous endpoints and systems –common data models and schemas

• How to encourage data sharing with social or economic incentives and to enforce rules, e.g. data ownership and permission of use

e.g. how to connect traffic mgnt systems with emergency responsive, accidents, fire and flooding events, police actions, large event mgnt, on-going and planned road work, etc. to share data and coordinate processes

Thingswise © All Right Reserved 10

Industrial Internet Reference Architecture

http://www.iiconsortium.org/pdf/IIC-Overview-11-24-15.pdf

• Increase Smartness in assets• Bring the assets online• Remotely manage the assets• Collect & transform data from the assets

• Analyze the data to get insights• Turn insights into action for optimization• Integrate with biz systems• …

(IIC)

Industrial Internet

Reference Architecture

(IIRA)

• Founded by AT&T, Cisco, GE, IBM & Intel• Include ABB, Schneider Electric, Bosch, Honeywell, Fujitsu, Siemens, Mitsubishi

Electric, Boeing…• To promote and accelerate the adoption Industrial Internet systems• To encourage innovation, promote interoperability, share best practices, align

interests and enable collaboration, …

• To promote consensus to drive product interoperability and simplify development – common across industrial sectors

• To identify major architecture issues, important architecture components and structures, & requirements

• Informative – non-normative; seek to guide not force to conform; • To guide the development of interoperable technologies and solutions• To be a common starting point of system conception and design

http://www.iiconsortium.org


Why Reference Architecture

11

Needs a systematic approach to• define the system of interest & the scope of the reference architecture

• specify the concerns that the reference architecture is intended to address

• describe & address the concerns of the system

Framework References• ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 - Systems and software engineering - Architecture Description

• ISO/IEC 17789 - Information Technology - Cloud Computing – Reference Architecture

objectivescapabilities

technologies

standardsentities

usages

crosscutting concerns

interoperabilityabstraction

models

operations

stability

scalability

resilience

deployment

actors

maintainabilityobjects

computing

data

schema

format

storagenetwork

security

privacy

capacity

behaviors

An Industrial Internet system is a complex system with many concernssafety

operations

data modeldata sharing lifecycle

latency

coordinationanalytics

Fog


Standard-based Framework - ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011

12

Fra

mew

ork

Rep

rese

nta

tio

ns

1. Identify the System of Interest2. Identify the specific key Concerns & their respective

Stakeholders3. Classify the Concerns into Architecture Viewpoints4. Develop Architecture Views by creating Architecture

Models representing and addressing the concerns

Codify the conventions and common practices of architecting & provide a core ontology for the description of architectures

Architecture FrameworkA common practice for creating, interpreting, analyzing and using architecture descriptions

An Industrial Internet Reference Architecture is an Architecture Description of a generic Industrial Internet System common across industrial environments


IIRA Architecture Viewpoints

13

biz values, objectives & capabilities

Usage activities

Functional decomposition & structureInterfaces & interactions

Activity &functional to technologies mappingImplementation Viewpoint

Functional Viewpoint

Usage Viewpoint

Business Viewpoint

Biz Views

Usage Views

Functional Views

Implementation Views

http://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm

Vision, values, objectives & capabilities

Usage actors & activities

Functional decomposition & structureInterfaces & interactions

Activity & functional to network & technologies mapping


IIRA – Cross Industrial Sector Applicability

14http://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm

Implementation Viewpoint

Functional Viewpoint

Usage Viewpoint

Business Viewpoint

…Health

care

Energy

Transportation

Manufacturing

Conceptualization

Requirement

Prototyping/Design

Development

Manufacturing

Test/Validation

Deployment

Operation

Evolution

Disposal…

Lifecycle

Gu

ide

Val

idat

e &

Rev

ise

Lifecycle is to be specialized for each industrial sectors


Business Viewpoint – A View

15

Key ObjectivesValues & Experiences Fundamental Capabilities

Business Decision Makers & Other Stakeholders, etc.

System Engineers & Product Managers, etc.

Identify Develop Develop Identify

Derive

SupportDeliver

Derive

System RequirementsDerive

Derive

Present

Derive

ValidateVisions

Support

Derive

Usage Activities

SupportSupport

Business Viewpoint

Usage Viewpoint



Usage Viewpoint – A View

16

Support

System

Activity

Triggers

Workflow

Effect

Constraints

Task

Roles

Functional Map

Implementation Map

Role

Privileges

Organize Execute

Assume

Define and manage

Register and manage

Functional Component

Implementation Component

1

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

1

1

1

1

Map

Map

Party

Privileges

Identity

1



Functional Viewpoint – Functional Domains

17

Human Users

Green Arrows: Data/Information Flows; Grey/White Arrows: Decision Flows; Red Arrows: Command/Request Flows

Functional Domains

Business

Ap

plic

atio

n

Physical Systems

ActuationSense

Control

Info

rmat

ion

Op

erat

ion

s



System Characteristics & Crosscutting Functions

18

…

Intelligen

t & R

esilient C

on

trol

Industrial Analytics

Distributed Data Management

Connectivity

Functional Domains

Business

Ap

plic

atio

n

Physical Systems

ActuationSense

ControlIn

form

atio

n

Op

erat

ion

s

System Characteristics



Functional Domain – Further Decomposition

19

Functional Domains

Application

Logic & Rules

API & Portal

Business

CRM, EPR, Billing & Payments, etc.

Information

Data

Analytics

Big

Dat

a

Operations

Provisioning & Deployment

Monitoring & Diagnostics

Management

Prognostics Optimization

Control

Actuation Sensing

Communication

Entity Abstraction

Executor

ModelingAsset

Management External Entities



An Implementation View

20

ControllerActuators

Sensors

Control Domain

Application

& Gateway

Information Domains

Biz Analytics CRM EMR

OSS BSS …

Business Domain

Application Domain

Logic & rules

API & Portal

Biz Apps

Biz users

Asset mgmt flows

data flows

data flows

orchestration flows

Proximity Network

Access Network

Service Network

biz app flows

asset mgmt service flows

other information domains

information flows

$ Monetization

ops app flows

OT Apps

OT users

Data Services and Platforms

Persistence & distribution

Ingestion & transformation

Analytic Services and Platforms

Streaming & batch

Persistence & distribution

Operations Domain

Provisioning & Deployment

Monitor & Diagnostics

Asset & Meta data

Management

Prognostics & Optimization

API & Portal

data flows

Platform Tier Enterprise TierEdge Tier



IIRA - Key System Characteristics & Assurance

21http://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm

System Engineering

Assurance

Safety

Security, Trust & Privacy

Resilience

…


Smart Traffic Management – An Example

22

Traffic Control Center

• Video & other sensors detecting vehicle and pedestrian flows• Switches controlling signal patterns & entrant gates• On-location network fail-safe traffic controllers Perform sensor video feature and metadata extraction Perform traffic flow measurement Report traffic flow to Information Domain Receive commands from Application Domain on signal light control

patters (duration/frequency/timing etc.) Overwrite commands with local exception rule engine Actuate the signal switches & emit short-range wireless control signals• On-road vehicle reporting locations and road-way conditions

Traffic Information Datacenter Receive & transform data streams from traffic controllers Realtime traffic flow analytic & exception detection Realtime traffic flow forecast Stream realtime & forecast traffic flow patterns and exceptions to Application Domain Equipment failure detection and preventive maintenance forecast

Controllers SensorsActuators

Traffic Control Center Receive realtime and forecast traffic flow patterns & exceptions from Information Domain Receive route-objective requirement updates & other exception data from Business Domain Perform objective-driven model-based route optimization Issue signal light control pattern updates to Core CPS Domain Issue control patterns for emergency vehicle routes Update realtime traffic control and forecast data to public traffic flow service to drivers and apps

Traffic Management Command Receive realtime & forecast report of events, accidents, weather, air/noise pollution, & traffic congestions Set traffic control objectives to Traffic Control Application Perform historic traffic flow & congestion analytic from the Information Domain collaborating with data such as air/noise

pollution, population and vehicle growth, transportation energy consumption for urban planning and governing policies Resource and work planning and scheduling…

Highways, Streets & Intersections

Information Datacenter

City Management

Functional Domains

Business

Application

Information

Asset

ActuationSense

Physical Systems

Ass

et M

anag

emen

t


The Ultimate State of IoT

23Mandeep Dhillon Aimana Jattan, http://www.desicomments.com/tag/mandeep-dhillon-aimana-jattan/page/188/


References

24

1. Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), http://iiconsortium.org2. Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA): http://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm3. U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber-Physical System Public Working

Group, http://www.cpspwg.org/4. Industrial Internet of Things: Unleashing the Potential of Connected Products and Services,

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEFUSA_IndustrialInternet_Report2015.pdf

http://iiconsortium.org/


http://www.cpspwg.org/

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEFUSA_IndustrialInternet_Report2015.pdf

Documents

Industrial Internet Reference Architecture traffic flow measurement Report traffic flow to Information Domain Receive commands from Application Domain on signal light control patters