Industrial Engineering, I d t i dIndustries and

Industrialization ofIndustrialization of PakistanPakistan

Presentation Sequence

The term “Industry”What is Industrialization?Industrial SectorsImpact on GDPIndustrial/Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan Manufacturing Globalization & TOYOTAManufacturing Globalization & TOYOTAWhere do Industrial Engineers stand in the big pictureUniversity-Industry Interaction : How & Why?University Industry Interaction : How & Why?

Industry

(from Latin industries, "diligent, industrious"),

•It is the segment of economy concerned with production of goods.

•It is business engaged in production of goodsand delivery of servicesand delivery of services

Industrious

•Hard‐working and persistent.

Industrious

Why to use term Industry

• Primitive businesses were

Mercantile (trade)

Agriculture ( crops and pets )Agriculture ( crops and pets )

these professions (businesses) did not require so much hard work and persistence

Why to use term Industry

• Production of goods started with artisan and craftsmanship

• This business required lot of hard work and consistent engagement

• So, the artisan work (business) of making goods was called Industry, and, artisan was called industriouscalled industrious

Industrial Revolution

Industry began in its present form during the 1800s, aided by technological advancesaided by technological advances,

Industry became a key sector of economy in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution,

Industry upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through rapid advances in technology;

steel and coal productionpRailroadssteam‐powered ships

I d t i li tiIndustrialization

Process of adopting I d t b iIndustry business

at national level

I d t i li tiIndustrialization

led to the emergenceled to the emergenceof modern automated systems

Modern Industrial Systems

• Industrialization started by mechanization ofIndustrialization started by mechanization of assembly lines for mass production (low cost, highly efficient systems)

• With the advent of computer and robots,With the advent of computer and robots, automated industrial systems emerged. These systems are highly responsive, cost efficient and quality prone

Introduction IE

Industrial Sectors

primary sector isprimary sector is

agriculture produce

i imining

raw material extractionraw material extraction.

Introduction IE

Industrial Sectors

secondary sector is y

manufacaturingmanufacaturing

hi h i h i ll i llwhich is what is colloquially meant by the word "i d ""industry".

Introduction IE

Industrial Sectors

• tertiary sector is

Service operations

Introduction IE

Industrial Sectors

quaternary sector

consists of intellectual services.

Capitalization and Size Factors

light industryg y

heavy industryheavy industry

labor‐intensive industry

capital‐intensive industry

Light Industry

• cottage industry (micro‐enterprise)

b d hany job or occupation carried out at home or on a part‐time basis

• Small scale enterprisep

Any industry that does not require high capitalization or heavy machinerycapitalization or heavy machinery

Product/Process based Classification

chemical industrypetroleum industry petroleum industry,

meatpacking industry, food industry, fi h i d fish industry,

software industry, paper industry paper industry,

entertainment industry, semiconductor industry,

l l i dcultural industry

International Standard Industrial Classification UN Industrial CODES

Manufacturing Industry

Manufacturing is a wealth producing sector in anManufacturing is a wealth producing sector in an economy.

Following the Industrial Revolution, perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from pmanufacturing industries—more than agriculture's share.

UN ISIC MANUFACTURING CODES