Industrial and energetic use of Biomass in Germany

Slide 1

Dr. Steffen DaebelerAgency Renewable Resources (FNR)

Renewable Resources & Biorefinery Conference6th – 8th September 2006 York

Content

Current state of cultivation and use of biomass

Potentials of renewable resources and biomass

R&D and innovative developmentsin Germany

Summary

Slide 2

Biomass from Agriculture

Slide 3

Year Non-Food Crop Area

% of total crop land

EU-12 1993 1.434.000 ha < 1%

EU-15 1998 2.100.000 ha 1,5 %

EU-25 2005

1993 290.000 ha 2,5%

1998

2005

510.000 ha 4,4%

?

11,9%

?

1.400.000 ha

Source: EU DG VI, “Working Document on non-food crops in the context of agenda 2000”, SEC (1998) 2169

Slide 4

EU Non-Food Crop Land

14%5,0 Mio.

6 %2,1 Mio.

29 %10,5 Mio.

18%6,3 Mio.

33%11,8 Mio.

Infrastructure, Settlements, etc.Arable LandRange LandOther Agricultural AreaForestry

Land Use

Source: BMVEL, 2003

Area of Germany: 35,7 Mio. ha

Slide 5

German Non-Food Crop Land

[ha] 0

200.000

400.000

600.000

800.000

1.000.000

1.200.000

1.400.000

1.600.000

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Set Aside AreaBase Area

Source: BMVEL, BLE * first estimation

2005: 1,4 Mio. ha* = 12 % of German Crop Land

Slide 6

Area (ha)

Rapeseed 1.100.000

Lineseed 3.000

Sunflowers 5.000

Plants for energetic use(Cereals, Corn, Grass)

295.000

Starch plants 128.000

Sugar plants 18.000

Natural fibres 2.000

Spices an Pharmaceuticals 10.000

Total 1.561.000

Area of renewable resources in Germanyin 2006

State-of-the-Art in Bioenergy

Slide 8

13,5% 21,1%

6,5%

24,4%34,4%

Renewables

Crude Oil

Coal

Nuclear power

Natural gas

Source: IEA 2005, Data for 2003

* Total Primary Energy Supply - TPES

State-of-the-Art in Bioenergy

World Energy*

4%

80%

16% Biomass

Water Power

other Renewables

Slide 9

3,6%

22,4%

12,6%

24,8%

36,4% Renewables

Crude Oil

Coal

Nuclear power

Natural gas

38,4%18,5%

14,4%

22,6%

5,8%

State-of-the-Art in Bioenergy

EU-25 & German Energy*

* Total Primary Energy Supply - TPESSlide 10

Source: IEA 2005, Data for 2003

13%

1%0,6%

2% 13%16%

2%

6%

46%

PhotovoltaicsGeothermalSolarthermalWind PowerWater PowerLandfill gasBioenergy - HeatBioenery - ElectricityBioenergy - Biofuels

State-of-the-Art in Bioenergy

Bioenergy in Germany

Bioenergy: 66 %other Renewables: 34 %

Source: BMU 2006 , Data for 2005

Share of Renewables (Final Energy Supply)Bioenergy: 4,3 %

other Renewables: 2,1 %

Total: 6,4 %

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State-of-the-Art in Bioproducts

Slide 12

State-of-the-Art in Bioproducts

RRM in Germany

Source: VCI, FNR, meó

Use in the industrial chemical and technical field* comprise to about 2,6 Mio. t of RRM for bioproducts

* chemical and pharmaceutical industry, paper industry,natural fibre using industry

Chemical Industry: 2 Mio. t RRM

Other Industry: 0,6 Mio. t RRM

Slide 13

1.150.000 t Vegetable Oil and Animal Fat,

147.000 t Starch for Chemistry,

320.000 t Cellulose,

240.000 t Sugar,

about 117.000 t of other Plant-derived Raw Materials

Currently, about 17 Mio. t petrochemical and 2 Mio. t renewable raw materials are used in the chemical industry*,

i.e. roughly 10 % of the raw materials are RRM

State-of-the-Art in Bioproducts

RRM in Germany

Source: VCI, FNR, meó* only chemical and pharmaceutical industry,

without paper industry and natural fibres using industry

Roughly 2/3 of the currently in Germany used agricultural RRM are imported, whereas 1/3 are domestic.

Slide 14

Potentials of Renewable Resources

Slide 15Slide 15

Source:Fritsche et al., Öko-Institut (2004), Nitsch et al., DLR (2004)

German Non-Crop Area Estimates

Year Source Non-Food Crop Land* [Mio. ha]

Share of Current Arable Land* [%]

2005 BMVEL 1,40 11,92010 Öko-Institut / DLR 1,94 / 2,5 16,6 / 21,2

Öko-Institut / DLR

Öko-Institut / DLR

2030 3,26 / 4,3 27,9 / 36,4

2050 3,94 / 6,1 33,7 / 51,7

Availability of RRM

For 2050, assuming a current average yield of 10 t/ha the potential of RRM amounts to about 40-60 Mio. t

* 11,8 Mio. ha (2003), except range land

Slide 16

Potentials of Biolubricants

The current German market share of Biolubricants is ~4 % (Germany: 46.500 t, Europe: ~ 100.000 t). The potential in Germany amounts to roughly 1 Mio. t or 90 % market share due to potential environmental and technical advantages.

European Ecolabel demanding 50% RRM exists.

Besides of environmental advantages biolubricants have also technical benefits which compensate the higher costs of the lubricant, i.e. the system costs (lubricant plus exchange intervals) are comparable or only slightly higher compared to mineral oils.

Main barriers: • Knowledge of users on system costs • Legislation for environmental sensible

areas

Slide 17

Potentials of Bioplastics and Biomaterials

The current German market share of Bioplastics (including biological degradable polymers) is < 1% (Germany: < 1.000 t, Europe: 40.000 t). The technical potential is about 5-10 % with respect to the current annual plastics use (Germany: ~11 Mio. t, Europe: ~ 40 Mio. t). Especially the packaging sector offers a potential demand of 150.000–250.000 t. The packaging sector is a key application due to its overwhelming market importance (Germany: ~ 3,5 Mio. t, Europe: ~ 13 Mio. t).

The market share of natural fibre reinforced materials can increase shortly from now 19.000 t to 45.000 t.

Main barriers: • Costs• Waste disposal legislation• Performance (in some applications)

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Potentials of Fine Chemicals

Industrial or white biotechnology focuses on the production by biotechnical processes. Among others products are basic chemicals, intermediates, and especially fine chemicals.

Enzymatic and microbial processes, among others using RRM, to produce chemical and pharmaceutical products have today a a share of roughly 5% and can reach up to 2010-2015 a share of 10-15 % with respect to the total production value of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

Optimistic Scenarios estimate for industrial biotechnology growing rates up to 20% for the next ten years.

Main barriers: • Sugar costs in new EU sugar regime (?) • Performance of Microorganisms• Processing Costs

Slide 19

Potentials of Bioenergy

Wood

Energy Plants,Straw

Total Energy DemandGermany

Total Potential of Bioenergy*

Biogas© FNR

* from Arable Land, Forestry, Residues/BiowasteSlide 20

Biogas

Natural Production

Source: top agrar, „Biogas – Strom aus Gülle und Biomasse“, 2002 Slide 21

Milling &Suspension

Hydrolysis 1fast

degradation

Hydrolysis 2slow

degradation

MethanFormation

Biogas

Substrates

FertilizerLiquid and Solid Manure

Energy CropsCorn, Cereals, Grass Silage, Beets

Substrates from Agrarian IndustryPotato Pulp, Draff, Mash, Grape Marc

Organic ResiduesBiobin, Biowaste, Food Residues, Animal Residues, Green Grass

Slide 22

Biogas

Procedures

Slide 23

Production Alternatives

Biogas

Wet Fermentation8-10% TS

Dry Fermentation> 25%TS

• continuous• liquid, pasty and solid

substrates• good energy and

material flow• good gas handling

• discontinuous• limited substrates• no mixing• small reaction volumes

Biogas

State: about 2.700 biogas plants having 650 MWelpower in total in Germany, whereby 700 new plants only in 2005 (<10% of potential)

Source: Fachverband BiogasSlide 24

Number

Num

ber o

f Pla

nts

Power [MWel]

Elec

tric

al P

ower

Biogas

Slide 25

Arverage Installation Power

Biofuels

Slide 26

++ state-of–the-art -

+ 0

high barriers

still R&D for production required / logistics feasible / engine modifications

engine modifications or logistics efforts still required

Production BiofuelsLogistics

Biodiesel ++ ++ ++

Biogas ++ + +

BTL – Biomass-to-Liquid + ++ ++DME – Dimethyl Ether + - 0Ethanol ++ + +Methanol, Butanol + 0 -

++

0

0

++

Pyrolysis Oil + -

+

Engine

Vegetable Oil +

Hydrogen +

Status Quo 2005 - Germany

Biofuels Supply: • 2,22 Mio. t = 1,88 Mio. TOE• 3,6 % share in total gasoline/diesel (TOE)

Vegetable Oil: • 0,20 Mio. t = 0,17 Mio. TOE• up to 2005 in testing (demonstration)

Biogas: • Market launch not yet started

Biodiesel: • 1,80 Mio. t = 1,56 Mio. TOE• most important biofuel currently

Bioethanol/ETBE: • 0,23 Mio. t = 0,12 Mio. TOE• mostly ETBE currently

Slide 27 Source: BMF

Biofuels

Cereals

Energy Crops

Rapeseed

Fossil Fuel EquivalentBiofuels Yield

1.480 LVeg. Oil

1.550 LBiodiesel

4.030 LBTL (Biomass-to-Liquid)

2.560 LBioethanol

1.420 LDiesel Fuel

1.410 LDiesel Fuel

3.910 LDiesel Fuel

1.660 LGasoline

3.560 kgBiogas

4.980 LGasoline

Slide 28

German Potential

Biofuels

Total Supply of Fuels

Total Supply of Fuels

Biofuels Share

Gasoline & Diesel Fuel

Source: FNR, 2006 Slide 29

Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL)

Slide 30

Biomass

Production

Product

Wood, Straw, Energy Crops

Liquid Fuel

Gasification Synthesis

Biomass

Reforming CO2-Removal

SynthesisWork-up

HeatPressure CO2, etc

Waste

State: 4 pilot plants in different realisation phases in Germany (FZ Karlsruhe, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Choren Freiberg, Cutec Clausthal-Zellerfeld)

Potential:

Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL)

BTL

Slide 31

Current and future focus of R&D

Slide 32

R&D Focus: Bioproducts

Funding Areas

Bioconversion

Technical Polymers

Construction Materials

Fine Chemicals

Young Scientists Research Groups

Current Projects are in the field of:

Biopolymers, Biomaterials, Fibre Reinforced Materials

Biolubricants

Building and Construction, Finishings & Furnishing using RRM

Focus Fields:

Slide 33

Bioconversion of substantial amounts of RRM

Substitution of chemical processes by bioprocesses

Development of new and improved bioprocesses

new and improved bioproducts based on sugar, starch and vegetable oil

Enzymatic Conversions and Modification of sugar, starch polysaccharides, proteins and vegetable oil

Development and production of biocatalysts/enzymes for bioconversions of RRM

22 Projects in 12 Consortia under substantial support of industry (2004-2007)

R&D Focus: Bioproducts Bioconversion

Slide 34

Fermentative production of chitosan from fungi

Biotechnological production of erythruloseUse of yeasts to produce aroma chemicalsFermentative production of itaconic acid using yeasts and fungi

Enzymatic production of ester oils for cosmeticsEnzymatic synthesis of lactones based on fatty acids

Enzymatic modification of proteinsFermentative production of pharmaceutical amino acidsEnzymatic modification of wood fibresUse of softwood degraded by white-rot fungi

R&D Focus: Bioproducts Tender Bioconversion

Slide 35

Conclusions

Biomass has a high potential for bio-products and bioenergy, but they are not unlimited available.

Cultivation and use of Biomass should strengthen the competitiveness of domestic agriculture and forestry as well as the adjunctive industries.

Competition exists between Biomass andfood production as well as between the use for bioproducts and bioenergy.

Biomass should be especially used where its advantages are beneficial, i.e. mostly where the economic and environmental benefits as well as the technical performance are high and the need of technology modification is not too high.

Bioproducts and bioenergy should be equally developed. Funding should meet the criteria mentioned above.

The increased use of Biomass requires the setting of a proper business and political environment.Slide 36