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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
ICP-MS
Stuart MorrowJune 12, 2015
Technique Overview
ICP-MS is a sensitive instrumental technique used for elemental analysis
Different than traditional MS No information on MW or structure
Data provides an accurate composition of inorganic elements in a sample (ppt % levels)
Technique OverviewPlasma Generation & Ionization
High Radio Frequency (27mHz) induces the formation of an argon plasma (6000 – 10000K)
Plasma has ionization potential (IP) of 15.76 electron volts – above 1st IP of most other elements in periodic table
Elements H
He
Li ☐
Be ☐
B ☐
C N O F Ne
Na ☐
Mg ☐
Al ☐
Si ☐
P ☐
S ☐
Cl ☐
Ar
K ☐
Ca ☐
Sc ☐
Ti ☐
V ☐
Cr ☐
Mn ☐
Fe ☐
Co ☐
Ni ☐
Cu ☐
Zn ☐
Ga ☐
Ge ☐
As ☐
Se ☐
Br ☐
Kr
Rb ☐
Sr☐
Y ☐
Zr ☐
Nb ☐
Mo ☐
Tc ☐
Ru ☐
Rh ☐
Pd ☐
Ag ☐
Cd ☐
In ☐
Sn ☐
Sb ☐
Te ☐
I ☐
Xe
Cs ☐
Ba☐
LHf ☐
Ta ☐
W ☐
Re ☐
Os ☐
Ir ☐
Pt ☐
Au ☐
Hg ☐
Tl ☐
Pb ☐
Bi ☐
Po At Rn
Fr ☐
Ra ☐
A Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
LLa ☐
Ce ☐
Pr ☐
Nd ☐
Pm ☐
Sm ☐
Eu ☐
Gd ☐
Tb ☐
Dy ☐
Ho ☐
Er ☐
Tm ☐
Yb ☐
Lu ☐
A Ac
Th ☐
PaU ☐
NpPu ☐
Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Unable to analyze on ICP-MS
Quantitative Analysis Available
Helium is used to eliminate polyatomic interferences Useful for trace analysis in high matrix samples
Interference RemovalCollision Cell Technology
Problem: Trace copper in seawater (High Matrix NaCl, H2O, N2)
Cu+ (m/z) = 63 or 65
a) Na+ (m/z) = 23
NaAr+ (m/z) = 63
b) Cl+ (m/z) = 35
NOCl+ (m/z) = 65
Solution:
a) NaAr+ + He Na+ + Ar + He dissociation
b) NOCl+ + He NO + Cl+ dissociation
c) Cu+ + He Cu+ + He no reaction
Effects of high pressure pasteurisation evaluated on freshly squeeze apple juice
Juice samples were subjected to various pressures while being cold pasteurised
Mineral content increased linearly with increasing pressure
Solution ICP-MSMinerals in Juice
2 3 Na [ He ]
2 4 Mg [ He ]
3 1 P [ He ] 3 4 S [ He ] 4 4 C a [ He ]
22
0.4
22
9.4
27
3.9
99
.4
12
7.8
23
5.5
24
5.0
29
0.0
10
8.4 13
4.7
24
9.4
25
8.4
30
5.7
11
6.7 14
3.1
26
2.6
27
3.1
32
5.4
12
4.6 15
1.0
Mineral Content of Juice
Baseline 400 500 600Element
Con
cen
trati
on
(p
pm
)
Novel ruthenium anti-cancer compounds were synthesised
Several were found to have the same IC50 value in HCT116 cells (human colon carcinoma)
Cell uptake studies are performed to determine how much compound is absorbed over time
Drug Screening
Cell Uptake data of Anti-Cancer Ruthenium compounds (Data courtesy of Mario Kubanik, Hartinger Group, SCS.)
Cell Uptake
072 075 122 144 146 1620
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Ruthenium Compound Uptake
2h 4h 8h
Compound
Ru C
once
ntr
ati
on (
ppb)
N
ORu
Cl
I
Cl
MaKu 144
N
ORu
Cl
MaKu 146
Hyphenation
UV Spectra of Cisplatin and GMP (Data courtesy of Hannah Holtkamp, Hartinger Group, SCS.)
CE-ICP-MS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
Time (min)
Ab
sorb
an
ce
(mA
U)
• Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) separates analytes under the influence of an electric field
PtCl NH3
NH3Cl
Hyphenation
CE-ICP-MS Time resolved analysis (chromatogram) of cisplatin and GMP (Data courtesy of Hannah Holtkamp, Hartinger Group, SCS.)
CE-ICP-MS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
P31
Cis:GMP [1:5]
Time (min)
Inte
nsi
ty (
CP
S)
195Pt
31P
PtCl NH3
NH3Cl
Overlaying spectra allowed simultaneous determination of Pt and P, and thus the presence of a Cisplatin-GMP complex
Method can be applied to proteins
Other Analysis
• Environment• Mineral content of marine mussel shells
• Manufacturing • Composition of metallic alloys
• Health• Gold content in colloidal suspensions
Summary
Extremely sensitive (ppt - %)
Full spectrum of elements Except C, N, H, O, He, Ne, F, Ar
Fun & exciting tool for research!