INDUCTION DEDUCTION AND HYPOTHETIC METHOD. UNKNOW WORDS LOGIC: MantıkLOGIC: Mantık MORTAL : Fani,...
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INDUCTION DEDUCTION AND HYPOTHETIC METHOD
INDUCTION DEDUCTION AND HYPOTHETIC METHOD. UNKNOW WORDS LOGIC: MantıkLOGIC: Mantık MORTAL : Fani, ölümlüMORTAL : Fani, ölümlü VAL İ D İ TY : Do ğ ruluk,
UNKNOW WORDS LOGIC: MantkLOGIC: Mantk MORTAL : Fani, lmlMORTAL
: Fani, lml VAL D TY : Do ruluk, geerlilikVAL D TY : Do ruluk,
geerlilik SOUNDNESS : Sa lamlk, mkemmellikSOUNDNESS : Sa lamlk,
mkemmellik SWAN :Ku u SWAN :Ku u
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PREM SES : ncl LOG CALLY : Mantksal olarak CLASS F ED :
Snflandrlm PROV NG : Deney, Kantlama PROV NG : Deney, Kantlama
ARGUMENT : Gr , ddia,Kant ARGUMENT : Gr , ddia,Kant COMPOS TE :
Bile ik COMPOS TE : Bile ik
Deducton Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic or logical
deduction or, informally, "top- down" logic is the process of
reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a
logically certain conclusion.
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Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions. If all
premises are true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive
logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily
true.
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AR STOTELES
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Scheme of deducton
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Validity and soundness Deductive arguments are evaluated in
terms of their validity and soundness. An argument is valid if it
is impossible for its premises to be true while its conclusion is
false. In other words, the conclusion must be true if the premises
are true. An argument can be valid even though the premises are
false. An argument is sound if it is valid and the premises are
true.
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FRANC S BACON 1561-16261561-1626 English philosopher and
empiricistEnglish philosopher and empiricist Inductive
reasoningInductive reasoning Argued for experimental
methodologyArgued for experimental methodology
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nducton Inductive reasoning is inherently uncertain It only
deals in degrees to which, given the premises, the conclusion is
credible according to some theory of evidence.
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. Examples include amany-valued logic DempsterShafer theory, or
probability theory with rules for inference such as Bayes'
rule.
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Unlike deductive reasoning, it does not rely on universals
holding over a closed domain of discourse to draw conclusions, so
it can be applicable even in cases of epistemic uncertainty
(technical issues with this may arise however; for example, the
second axiom of probability is a closed-world assumption):
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Scheme of nducton
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A classical example of an incorrect inductive argument was
presented by John Vickers: All of the swans we have seen are white.
Therefore, all swans are white. Note that this definition of
inductive reasoning excludes mathematical induction, which is a
form of deductive reasoning.
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nducton and deduton comparng
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Comparng These two methods of reasoning have a very different
"feel" to them when you're conducting research Inductive reasoning,
by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially
at the beginning
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. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned
with testing or confirming hypothesis.
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CHARLES DARW N
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Hypothetc method
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Charles Darwin, Aristotle's deductive and Bacon ' s inducement
method by combining this induction deductive method has occurred.
This composite methods are called.
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Research, a forward-backward movement is. Researchers first
observed by moving cases through the induction system. Then if you
have the right if facts through deductive reasoning which seeks to
detect the situation and there should be cases.
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Queston tme Queston tme
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What is the difference between inductive and deductive methods
? Can you tell us one examle about induction deduction ?
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Who argues that the Hypothotic method ?Who argues that the
Hypothotic method ? Please, Can you tell us about this method
?Please, Can you tell us about this method ?
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Which is not the general characteristics of the induction
?Which is not the general characteristics of the induction ?
A)Open-ended B)Founder of the Aristoteles C)General from specific
D)More Narrow