indriya sthana

CHARAKA SAMHITA INDRIYASTHANA

Dr. Amit ManeP.G Dept of Rasashastra.

04/08/23 1CHARAKA INDRIYA STHANA

CHARAKA SAMHITA

• The most ancient and widely used treatise of Ayurveda.

• Deals mainly with the medical management of diseases.

• But also covers a wide range of subjects.• Also deals with philosophy and way of life and

after life.


CONT…

• Divided into 8 Sthanas, and contains 120 chapters

• Each sthana contains detailed description of various aspects of healing

• Indriya Sthana is the 5th Sthana• Contains 12 chapters and 379 Verses


INDRIYA STHANA

• Peculiar feature of Charaka Samhita• Designed to help the physician to decide the

prognosis• Treatment is to be commenced only after

inferring about prognosis• Helps protect the attending physician from

potential defamation• Thus, it is a very useful tool even today


CONT…

• Describes prognosis based on:– Varna– Swara– Gandha– Rasa– Sparsha– Swapna– Chaya– Prabha


INDRIYA…??

• Defined as the sign of life in the body• 11 in number• 5 sense organs • 5 functional organs• Mind which has both functions• All functions of the body depend on them• Based on the functioning of these sense

organs the life expectancy can be inferred


ARISHTA

• Sign or symptom that indicates imminent death is called Arishta

• Death is almost certain on occurrence of Arishta.

• Simile used:– Some flowers without fruit and vice versa; but

Arishta always followed by death and death always preceded by Arishta


CHAPTERS IN INDRIYA STHANA

• Varna-swariyendriya adhyaya• Pushpita kendriya adhyaya• Parimarshaniyendriya adhyaya• Indriyanikendriya adhyaya• Poorvarupiyendriya adhyaya• Katamanisharirendriya adhyaya


CONT…..

• Pannrupiyendriya adhyaya• Avakshirasiyendriya adhyaya• Yasyashavnimittiyendriya adhyaya• Sadyomaraniyendriya adhyaya• Anujyotiyendriya adhyaya• Gomayachurniyendriya adhyaya


Ch.1 VARNASWRIYENDRIYA ADHYAYA

• General considerations regarding prognosis• Definition of prakriti• Definition of vikriti– Lakshan nimitta– Lakshya nimitta– Nimittanurupa

• Prognosis based on colour• Prognosis based on voice of the patient


Ch.2 PUSHPITAKENDRIYA

• Prognosis based on smell• Prognosis based on taste of the body– This is based on inference– By observing the behavior of insects around the

patients body

• States the difficulty faced by inexperienced physician in identifying Arishta


Ch.3 PARIMARSHANIYA INDRIYA

• Prognosis based on palpation• Observe any deviation from normal touch• Specific sites mentioned– Manya– Danta– Pakshma– Kesha / Roma– Anguli


Ch.4 INDRIYANIK INDRIYA

• Prognosis based on observing the functioning of the sense organs

• There may not be any physical abnormality with the organ, but their functioning is hampered

• Description of signs related to netra, karna, twacha, jivha

• Hyper functioning of sense organs is also suggestive of looming death


Ch.5 PURVARUPIYENDRIYA• Prognosis based on prodromal factors• Descriptions of purvarupa of different diseases

like – Jwara, – Yakshma, – kushta, – Prameha,– Raktapitta, – Gulma

• Prognosis based on dreams• Types of Swapna ---- 7


Ch.6 KATIMANISHAREENDRIYA

• Agnivesha questions Atreya Muni about patients in whom treatment always fails

• Atreya answers by giving detailed descriptions about stages of different disease


Ch.7 PANNARUPIYA INDRIYA

• Prognosis based on Shadows (Prati chaya)• Prognosis based on Aura (Chaya)• 5 types of Chaya (Aura)– Nabhasi Nirmal– Vayaveeya Ruksha– Aagneyi Vishuddha Rakta Varna– Ambhasi Vimala, Susnigdha– Parthivi Sthira


Ch.8 AVAKSHIRA INDRIYA

• Prognosis based on ShadowsEyebrowsHairNoseTeethTongueBreath


Ch.9 YASYASHAVANIMITTA INDRIYA

• Prognosis related to :– Ashta maha gadas– Shukra– Purisha– Anaha– Shankhaka

• Not all Arishtas present in every patient• Hence mandatory for physician to know all

and accurately identify the signs exhibited


Ch.10 SADYOMARANENDRIYA

• Describes Arishtas in patients who are going to pass away in a few hours

• Prognosis related to hridaya and vayu


Ch.11 ANUJYOTIYENDRIYA

• Arishtas leading to death within 1 year, 6 months, 1 month

• Related to Shukra, Mutra, Purisha• Ralated to pancha mahabhootas• Even presence of Chatushpada, having good

qualities cannot cure the disease• Patients who lose interest in water, food,

medicine do not survive


Ch.12 GOMAYACHURNIYA INDRIYA

• Presence of fine cow dung like powder on the scalp of patient

• When formulation prepared following all the prescribed guidelines fails to act

• Prognosis based on messenger• Prognosis based on inauspicious omens– On way – In patients house

04/08/23 CHARAKA INDRIYA STHANA 21

REVIEW OF MAIN PROGNOSTIC POINTS

• The following are always present before death

– Tapa (raise in temperature)– Dysfunction of sense organs– Loss of memory– Change in behaviour– Changes / loss of Prakriti– Manifestation of Vikriti


MEDICO LEGAL GUIDELINES

• Physician should:

– Observe signs and symptoms carefully– Evaluate prognosis– Not inform patient or relative – Unless requested– Not inform if it may cause complications


SIGNS OF GOOD PROGNOSIS

• Signs opposite to those described in the 12 chapters observed in the patient

• Presence of ideal messenger• Availability of auspicious dravyas• Purity, cleanliness of patients house and

surroundings


IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING INDRIYA STHANA

• Acharya opines:– Every physician should continuously read the

indriya sthana– Understand the contents completely– Assess the condition of patients based on these

guidelines before commencing treatment– This leads to successful treatment– Fame to the physician


CONCLUSION

• Placement of indriya sthana before chikitsa• Detailed description of arishta lakshanas• To generalize, these include:– Either hyper or hypo functioning of various organs

and systems of the body– Deviation from normal structure and function– Observing omens, messengers and other minute

details


RELEVANCE??

• Is significant even today• Added tool in the armory of physician• May help protect the physician from loss of

name if used properly• Thoroughly understand normal physiology

and anatomy• Develop keen observation• Identify abnormality, arishtas



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indriya sthana