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Introduction

Muchtar DDirector General

Trade Research and Development Agency (TREDA)

To introduce a number of Indonesia’s potential products which are spread in almost every province,

TREDA has organized a series of effort to collect and analyze the relevant information related to the po-

tentials and specific advantages of each of the products.

With pride and joy, TREDA offers this booklet, entitled “Indonesian Silver: Dazzling the Imagination“, to

readers who wish to know more about the relevant information. Indonesia is a country with rich cultural

heritage and long tradition of metal craftsmanship. This booklet presents an exploration of the history

and characteristics of silver crafts as well as its splendor and ingenuity.

Indonesia, with a rich cultural heritage offers the world variety of silver craftsmanship for the people

to enjoy. The readers will find interesting background information around this attractive product. A better

comprehension on its background will enhance the readers’ awareness and knowledge of these attrac-

tive Indonesian silver jewelry and silverware.

We sincerely hope that readers would enjoy this booklet as much as we have in preparing for its pub-

lication.

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Message

Minister of Trade Republic of Indonesia

Mari Elka Pangestu

It is our great pleasure to share with you one special type of numerous product lines belonging

to Indonesian creative industries, in this particular case, silver. As a country situated at the cross-road

between two oceans and two continents, Indonesian culture displays a unique mix shaped by long

interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Each design of In-

donesian silver is unique and has its own story. The creativity of Indonesian people has given birth to

numerous attractive art forms.

Silversmithing has run through generations and generations. Each production center in every sil-

ver city has its own specialty in making silver design. The success of Indonesian silversmiths in pro-

ducing traditional and contemporary silver designs has served as the driving force for the revival of

Indonesian industry. The basis of the advancement is international competitiveness which is mainly

focused on quality and design.

This book has been developed to improve Indonesian share in world market. This booklet pres-

ents background information on Indonesian silver crafts for the readers to appreciate. Dedicated to

everyone that appreciates the beauty and attractiveness of Indonesian silver, this book will give vivid

images of the elegant atmosphere created from Indonesian sterling silver.

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C O N T E N T S

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Silver in Human History

Silver has been used in the currency of many countries and powers of the world. However, the

basic most notable use of silver is its beauty and appeal as an item of jewelry.

The art of metal work arrived in Indonesia in the Bronze Age from Southern China and South-

east Asian areas. The Chinese are said to have improved refining of silver around 2500 BC to make

it even more charming and sought after, as well as easier to excavate. Bronze drums, dated from

as early as the fifth century BC, have been found throughout the archipelago, and some of them

are believed to have been cast in Bali. Indeed, the most famous of these drums, the massive

Moon of Pejeng, still rests in Bali on a temple pavilion in the village of Pejeng. The drums were

cast in the lost wax style and in stone molds. Beads of glass, carnelian, shell, silver, gold and other

metals have been found in Bronze Age sites as well.

Silver was one of the first metals used by human being. Silver has always been a valuable metal ever since it was

discovered long ago before 4000 BC.Its popularity has done nothing but grow steadily

throughout the ages as it possesses a unique ability to be able to keep with the current fashions of the times.

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The earliest metal jewelry was primarily copper with some gold, silver and “suwasa”, which is

one part gold and two parts copper. Metal age graves reveal gold necklaces, hairpins, beads and

rings. Initially, raw gold made its way to Indonesia from China and India but eventually gold was

found in Sumatra, which became famous for its jewelry and dagger hilts.

In Indonesia, the people of Sumatra and Java had been practicing rice cultivation with irriga-

tion and the use of the buffalo-drawn plow. The accumulation of wealth which ensued encour-

aged the refinement of many art forms, including jewelry making. By AD 1000, gold and silver-

work in Java had reached a level of artistry as high as that of the bronze caster. The abundance of

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gold was documented by a Chinese trader who reported in 1225 that Javanese criminals, except

for thieves and murderers, were not imprisoned or subjected to corporal punishment but fined

in gold.

The word “sterling” has been used to mean high-quality silver since the 1200s. At that time,

the coins of England had decreased in value and contained only a little silver. The only European

coins that contained large proportions of silver, were those made by the merchants of the Hanse-

atic League, a group of trading cities in Northern Germany. These coins were called “Easterlings”

to distinguish them from the low-silver alloy coins of England. English speech contracted “Easter-

ling” to “Sterling”. The quality of silver known as sterling later became used for commercial silver

as well as for coins. The standard for English sterling was set in the 1500s by Queen Elizabeth I. It

is now accepted as a standard all over the world.

During the new world era in Indonesia there has been a significant influx of silver and gold-

smiths from the island of Java. Modern Javanese silversmiths specialize in fine filigree work, a

style of shiny flat surfaces and clean, streamlined joints. In contrast, Balinese silversmiths special-

ize in granulation, in which minute spheres of silver are arranged in beautiful geometric patterns.

Many designers today want motifs that combine the Javanese and Balinese traditions. Accom-

modating them requires cooperation and cross training.

Silversmiths craft many art objects from silver. The metal is also used by the electrical and

equipment industry for wire and other items, because silver conducts electricity better than

do other metal. Doctors use thin plate, wires and drainage tubes made of silver during surgery,

because silver helps kill bacteria. Silver compounds also have many uses. Compounds of silver

include silver nitrate, silver bromide and several silver oxides. Silver nitrate is one of the few wa-

ter-soluble silver compounds, and is used to make silver plate and silver mirrors. Silver bromide

plays an important role as the light-sensitive chemical in photographic film. Manufactures of

batteries use silver oxides in small, powerful batteries that are used in calculator, hearing aids

and watches.

With all the mining of silver throughout the world came different styles and different ways

to wear silver. Silver has always been known to enhance the beauty of precious stones such as

diamonds when they’re set into a ring or necklace. Many powerful men and women throughout

the ages would wear magnificent silver jewelry items to show off their power.

In every generation the “Master Smith” would select from his apprentices those best quali-

fied for training necessary to be a jeweler or silversmith. The less skilled craftsmen stayed in the

“minor leagues” and became blacksmiths or bronze workers.

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The Fine Art of Silverwork

The uniqueness of Indonesian craftsmen is in their skill, which is passed from generation to generation. Traditional craftsmen in one

village usually have expertise to produce similar crafts. Because a lot of people run similar crafts, a village would develop to become a craft center. Besides choosing various crafts, buyers and art devotees can

enjoy natural scenery or the uniqueness of a village, and they can also watch directly the process of craft making.

Characteristics of SilverSilver occurs in the metallic state, commonly associated with gold, copper, lead, and zinc. It

is also found in some 60 minerals including: argentite (a sulfide), cerargyrite (a chloride), many

other sulfides and tellurides. Silver has many names, French called it Argent similar with the Ital-

ian named it Argento or Latin word Argentum and Spanish word for silver is Plata.

Silver can be hammered into sheets so thin that it would take 100,000 of them to stack an inch

high. It can be drawn into a wire finer than a human hair. It is this ductility (or ability to be formed)

that makes silver the wonderful art form that it is.

Silver can be shaped by hammering, spinning, or drawing - it can be decorated with etching,

chasing, or engraving - sterling silver is the queen of metals. There is no substitute. Through the

centuries, the silversmith or goldsmith has, by a process of elimination, become the most highly

skilled craftsman in the world today.

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Articles of sterling silver are solid silver through and through. Sterling is 925 parts out of a

thousand pure. Silver stamped “sterling” must be 925 parts of pure silver in every thousand parts

of metal. The additional 75 parts out of a thousand are to add stiffness and durability as pure

silver is quite soft.

Sterling is the most hygienic metal known to man. It has actual germ killing properties. It

is also the most durable art form and the most economical purchase that can be made for the

home. Sterling silver grows more beautiful with the passing years, never wears out, and can be

passed along as part of a heritage that grows stronger with passing generations.

General silverwork processThe production of a piece of high-quality silverware involves many steps. The process begins

with an artist’s design. Working from the design, silversmith makes a steel tool called a die, which

forms sheets of metal into desired shapes. The shapes are then trimmed, buffed to remove any

roughness, and polished repeatedly o bring out the metal’s natural luster.

Indonesian silverworking is so refined, as seen in this highly elaborate and elegant ornament in a kris, a tradi-tional Indonesian dagger, usually used by aristocrats for their mythical powers and symbolic meanings.

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Types of Silver There are two types of silver craft in general; Filigree and Solid Silver. Filigree or silver wire is

a silver product that is made from silver wire and created or formed to be miniature, jewelry or

accessories. Solid silver craft was made from solid silver or silver bar of 100% pure silver and 7,5%

copper are mixed into one, it is then pattered to get a bar with 92.5 % of silver level. It is the best

standard level in making silver crafts. Please note that 100% pure silver cannot directly be used to

make silver objects, as it can caused the final results to become unqualified, loose and fragile.

In general there are three stages in silver craft process of production: material preparation,

production and finishing. However among those three stages there are detail of process of each

stage and the sequences in production stage can be differ between silversmith in each silver

production center.

In order to make good quality of silver craft, good quality of material is needed. These materi-

als are pure silver--a grain of 99.9% silver; copper, to be added because pure silver might be too

soft; silver powder (made from mixed copper and silver), the function is to connect or stick silver;

and alum to boil and clean silver craft in finishing

The first step of making silver craft is to make silver bars by mixing silver and copper. This ob-

ject would be mixed into kowi (fushion bowl) and boiled in melting stove until the silver and the

copper melted and mixed and then poured into casting mould to form a silver bar. There are two

types of silver bars: small and big silver bars. Small silver bar formed a cylinder with diameter of

1 cm and lenght of 15 cm. These small bars are used to make filigree. Big silver bars in the form of

square with 2 cm thickness and 15 cm length and 4 cm width are used to made solid silver.

A Model

Created by carving a design from sketch into clay or plaster. It will serve as the pattern for the die

A Steel Die

For every piece is carved by hand. A blank piece of silver is pressed into the die to imprint the design

Trimming

To remove excess silver from around the edges of the piece

Final Inspection

Ensures that the finished piece is free from flaws.

Polishing

Rubs out small imperfections. The piece is held against to rotating wheel and policed with oil.

Cosmetic Treatment

Rubbing the piece with powder to bring out shimmering highlight

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Through the centuries, the silversmith or goldsmith has, by a process of elimination, become the most highly skilled craftsman in the world today.

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Filigree Silver ProductsFrom the small silver bar, the next step was to make silver fiber using press machine to get the

correct diameter. Then the bars had to be minimized using the draw plate to get certain diameter

fiber. Draw plate is stainless bar with holes, each holes has different diameter. This process need

to be done many times to get the expected diameter of fiber, from thin fiber until thick fiber.

From the process above, the silversmith gets very soft silver fiber. It needs to be twisted using

twist wheel to be a wire (thicker fiber). These silver wires are the material used for making silver

craft. The next step is to make design using the brass plate. The wire is used to build pattern ac-

cording to the design. The silver then must stickled on thin paper such as greaseproof paper. It

will be poured by silver powder all over its surface according to its motif and melted by solder.

These processes need to be done very carefully in order to get the high quality of silver design.

The filigree silver is ready to be crafted according to the original masterpiece design. All process

need to be done fast otherwise the silver fiber/wire will be influent, only high skilled silver smith

can make it.

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Solid Silver ProductsFirst thing to be done is to make a big silver plate. Silver bar needs to be hammered to get

suitable width and thickness. To make it softer, the silver is pressed by press-machine. After get-

ting the wanted size, the next step is drawing a motif using pencil. Then, cut the silver and ham-

mered it to get arc shape or wanted curved. The silver is ready to be crafted with other silver

pattern or to be carved or filled by jabung then carved according to the design (depend on the

model and design). To design a motif on silver, we can use pencil and by using hammer and

carving nail we can carve the silver. The whole process needs very accurate and detailed design,

wrong doing causing difficulties in repairing silver. After carving jabung, it has to be pulled out

by melting it then soften it by sandpaper to clean and to enlighten we use polished machine.

Finally silver product is ready.

After silver product is ready, it needs to be cleaned in order to wash dirts from burning and

soldering. To clean the silver, we need to boil and burn it again to re-enlighten the color of silver.

To whiten the color, boil it using alum. Or use Lerak fruit to wash it until we get the sparkling color

and polish it again using polishing machine.

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Silver TreatmentIt is very easy to clean silver for treatment. You can use silver polish or detergent or foam of

lerak fruit. First, soak the silver in hot water for 5 minutes. Then brush it with detergent or lerak

foam. Using soft tooth brush, scrub it gently. Last, rinse under running water and dried it well.

Silver is ready to use.

Silver tarnishes when exposed to air. This occurs more quickly in damp weather, but is inevi-

table in any climate. Store your silver in treated cloth (or tissue paper treated with silver nitrate

will deter tarnish) or lined cabinets, never in plastic bags with rubber bands.

Polishing silver while wearing rubber gloves promotes tarnish. Instead, choose plastic or cot-

ton gloves. Silver has enemies, rubber, corrodes silver and it can become so deeply etched that

only a silversmith can repair the damage. Raised designs can be lost permanently. Avoid using

storage cabinets or chests with rubber seals, rubber floor coverings or rubber bands to wrap your

silver items. Other enemies of silver include salt, olives, salad dressing, eggs, vinegars, fruit juices.

In other words do not mix acid and Silver.

Silverware may be washed in a dishwasher but the patina on fine silver or silver plate can only

be enhanced by the rubbing that occurs when washing and drying by hand. Hollow handles

may be loosened with exposure to heat and detergent in the dishwasher. If washing sterling

silver and stainless steel flatware in the dishwasher do not put in the same basket section or let

one metal touch the other, or the silver may be permanently damaged. To clean off tarnish, coat

the silver with tooth paste, then run it under warm water, work it into sfoam and rinse it off. For

stubborn stains or intricate grooves, use an old soft bristled tooth brush. You don’t have to buy

an expensive commercial polish unless you want to. Fine whiting, available at paint stores makes

an excellent polish. Dampen a soft cloth with a little ammonia or denatured alcohol (flammable),

dip it in whiting and apply like any other polish.

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Variety of Sparkling Silver

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SilverwareThe first man-made spoons were made from wood, bone or horn. Wood was, for the longest

time, the material of choice. Knife and spoon were considered personal property and were car-

ried by each diner in a special pouch that was attached to the belt. To eat solid food, people

used their fingers or the tip of the knife. During the Middle Ages, in the monasteries, eating

habits began to change for the better. In the Renaissance, people began to rediscover some of

the pleasures of life, influenced largely by contact with the Orient. Eating was elevated to new

heights. The fork is the youngest member of the silverware family, originated in the Orient. It

has been on our dinner table only for the last few centuries. The knife’s history dates back

to the Stone Age, when it was used for hunting as well as for eating. Liquids were drunk by

hunters and gatherers who used hollow-shaped natural products, such as shells.

People who knew how to cook were in demand. Carving (done with fork and knife) be-

came an art form, and eating utensils were decorated. Silverware also changed: it became

lighter, knife tips became more rounded (the fork had taken over the job of

piercing), and knife handles became longer.

In later centuries people began to consider knife, fork,

and spoon as a set and decorated them accordingly,

manufacturing a dozen or more of them

at a time. It became a custom to give a

set of silverware to each guest. The in-

troduction of coffee and tea encouraged

social gatherings, which in turn resulted in

new pieces of silverware: coffee, tea, and mocha

spoons, sugar tongs and cookie tongs. Many of the

special utensils that are still in use today came into being

during the Renaissance, such as fruit, dessert, fish, oyster forks

and soup ladles. It seems as if the history of silverware is also the history

of our culture. Food is not only one of life’s necessities, but it is also one of life’s

most pleasurable experiences.

You can create an elegant atmosphere in your dining room by decorating it with silver table-

ware. Sterling tableware is divided into two categories called flatware and hollowware. Flatware

is the “knife, fork, and spoon” category of silver as hollowware means the bowls, dishes, candle-

sticks, etc. You can find any kind of silver products in Indonesia. With high skilled silversmith,

every product can be made as you wish.

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Silver JewelrySterling silver jewelry personifies the individualistic approach to style. It can be casual and

comfortable and, at the same time, elegant and timeless. An opulent choker, elegant pendant

or hair ornament of traditional white or pastel colored pearls set in sterling silver are luxurious

and fashionable gifts the groom might consider giving the bride. Sterling silver wedding rings

are also very popular right now. Surprise the bridal party with delicate silver and stone drop or

stud earrings, a classic bangle bracelet or hoop earrings updated with pearl accents, or a simple

strand of pearls or beads with a personalized charm. Accessories to be worn on the wedding day

are particularly appropriate, but choose items that will be used

and enjoyed after the festivities are over. Sterling silver adds

elegance to any occasion and the frequent use of ster-

ling actually reduces tarnish and helps it to develop a

glow or patina, which enhances its beauty.

It used to be thought that only women were inter-

ested in shopping, especially in the area of jewelry and

accessories—but no more. Men are becoming the larg-

est growing segment of shoppers behind the traditionally

strong female shopper and the increasing teen popula-

tion. Men’s interest in silver accessories and jewelry

is on the rise. And since the old adage “clothes make

the man” is true, it’s also true that accessories make the

clothes.

Not only are men shopping for gifts, but there has

also been an increase in men’s jewelry purchases for

themselves. Sales of men’s sterling silver jewelry and ac-

cessories are on the rise, with cufflinks being most popu-

lar. French cuff shirts are back in fashion, calling for dressier,

upscale, as well as refined novelty cuff links and stud sets in

cigar, martini, automobile, golf, computer and many other mo-

tifs. Men have indulged in the silver craze and are shopping for

accessory items such as sterling silver key rings, money clips, collar

stays and belt buckles. Especially popular are pieces that celebrate a

hobby or favorite sport. Luxurious looking sterling cigar, pen, bar and d e s k

accessories are also status collectibles.21

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Modern Application of SilverWith its appealing, cool and crisp white luster, sterling silver jewelry combines the endurance

of a precious metal with mysterious ability to adapt to fashion’s demands. Silver’s pure white

color is flattering to all skin tones.

The unlimited selection of designs available, from modest and traditional to bold and dra-

matic, allows you to build a vast and personalized silver jewelry wardrobe as varied as your every

mood, style and budget. In Indonesia , silver products from Kotagede, Central Java, vary from ac-

cessories product, utility product to decorative product. Silver products from Celuk, Bali, mainly

concentrate in accessories product and tableware.

Modern application of silver has a huge variety nowadays. The applications not only limited

to jewelry but also spread as unique and exclusive ornaments for many items. Many silversmiths

make combination between silver and other unusual raw material like cockle, wood or fossils in

order to create masterpiece of silver craft.

Sterling silver is an important part of the holiday season. It adds shine to a tabletop, serves as

the perfect gift and complements festive and glamorous holiday attire. You can create a winter

wonderland by dusting the table with artificial snow and decorating it with silver candlesticks.

Combine festive green and red candles and a glitter of ornaments. Let your own creativity make

for a party that dazzles. Go silver for sparkle.

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The Development of Indonesia Silver Centers

Indonesia with its history has left the people with many traditional arts, including silversmithing. Since long time ago the development of silver business has showed a good sign. Some towns even declare themselves as the original silver

town however since the business is rising, many other towns try to follow and has made its success story.

Silver Centers in Indonesia

Silver Center Regency Province SMECenter of Silver Craft Gianyar BALI 20

Center of Silver & Brass Craft Kulungkung BALI 31

Center of Silver & Brass Craft Karangasem BALI 45

Center of Silver Craft Yogyakarta YOGYAKARTA 30

Center of Silver Craftmen Yogyakarta YOGYAKARTA 253

Center of Gold & Silver Craft Ponorogo EAST JAVA 26

Center of Silver Craft Lumajang EAST JAVA 30

Center of Gold & Silver Craft Hulu Sungai Selatan SOUTH KALIMANTAN 49

Center of Gold & Silver Craft Mataram WESTERN NUSA TENGGARA 115

Center of Metal/ Silver Craftmen Pangkajene Kepulauan SOUTH SULAWESI 24

Center of Gold & Silver Craft Manado NORTH SULAWESI 31

Source: www.sentrakukm.com

Beside names of silver centers mentioned above, there are still many other silver centers un-

recorded scattered in Indonesia provinces.

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Kotagede

It is about 5 km southeast of Yogyakarta to reach an old town called Kotagede. This old town

was the center of Islamic Mataram Kingdom. Even until today the historical proof of the Mataram

Kingdom exist, such as old buildings, the palace gate and Sapto Renggo cemetery (where the

first king of Mataram kingdom buried).

Besides the old building and the inheritance ancient from Islamic Mataram Kingdom, people-

could also see the other historical inheritance which were well taking care from time to time such

as the art of making silver craft. Kotagede with its silver crafts, which is widely known by local as

well as overseas consumers. It has become a sort of brand image to the tourists paying a visit to

Yogyakarta. What’s more interesting is that its making process of silver jewelry is still in traditional

way with typical Yogya carving style.

Long before being known as a center for silver craft, Kotagede was once the capital city of the

first Mataram Kingdom. The first king named Panembahan Senopati received the land that was

still in the form of deep and wild jungle called Alas Mentaok from the Pajang Sultanate. Silver

craft developed in order to fulfill the needs of jewelry and other accessories for the King and

King’s relatives.

In the 16th century, the East India Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie - VOC)

first made their venture in Yogyakarta and they had placed orders for household articles made

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Filigree is typical Javanese sil-ver crafts with traditional and complicated design that cannot be found elsewhere.

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up from gold, silver, copper and brass from Kotagede’s craftsmen. Since the order for silver craft

were increasing, the Dutch Government built a special institution to keep and to enhance the

quality of silver craft. The institution gave training of the technique of making silver craft and

developed the market. The institution was called “Stichting Beverdering van het Yogyakarta Kent

Ambacht”.

The silversmith can be found everywhere in Kotagede. Start from Kotagede market to the

town’s Great Mosque, shops are seen offering their various silver products. There are at least four

types of products: filigree (its texture with holes), inlaid work (with stuck out texture), casting,

and handmade like rings and pendants. Filigree is typical Javanese silver crafts with traditional

and complicated design that cannot be found elsewhere.

Most Kotagede’s silver craft ornaments are under the influence of well-known batik cloth mo-

tives. The prices vary depending not only on size, weight, but also the artistic values and com-

plexity in the making process.

The silversmith has run through generations. Formerly the craftsmen were only a few in num-

bers, merely it was because that they meant to meet the king and his family’s orders for jewelry

and other accessories only. But nowadays, the business has recorded a very fast growth. How-

ever, the thing that remains unchanged until today is its typical characteristic on how they make

their craft products simply by relying on hand skill.

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Bali

The Majapahit Empire of Java began colonizing Bali in the 14th century. (The Majapahit im-

posed a caste system on Bali with themselves on top and the original inhabitants of the island on

the bottom). By the beginning of the 16th century Bali became a sanctuary for Hindus forced out

of an increasingly Islamicized Java. As the Majapahit Empire crumbled, there was a huge influx

into Bali of Javanese noblemen and craftsmen, and Bali became one of the main centers of pre-

cious metal craft.

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The area where most of Bali silver products originated is in the outskirts of a village called

Celuk. Celuk has a tradition of metal work that stretches back many generations. Its craftsmen

catered to aristocrats in the nearby court town of Gianyar and the noble houses of Sukawati

and Ubud. Historically, the Royal Courts of Bali were avid patrons of the arts, which they used as

expressions of their sacred and temporal power. The Dutch sea captain Arnoudt Lintgens, who

visited the court kingdom of Gelgel in east Bali in 1597, was impressed by the lavish display of

exquisitely fashioned gold ornaments including parasol fittings, lances and daggers.

The Balinese have several traditions concerning the origin of goldsmiths. An-

cient Hindu lontars (books of inscriptions written on leaves of the lontar palm)

tell of the mythical history of the arts. In one, the gods are sent to Earth to

teach men civil behavior. The god Mahadewa trained the goldsmiths

and silversmiths while Sang Citra gave them specific instruction in

jewelry making. Smiths who worked with precious metals were

called, “pande mas,” goldsmiths, from then on. In another inscrip-

tion, a Brahmin from Majapahit named Empu Sari first taught

the Balinese to work gold. Yet another calls the first goldsmith

Sang Mangkukuwan, eldest son of Vishnu.

Although most smiths come from the lowest ‘sudra’ caste, Bali-

nese metal smiths have always been held in awe. The word ‘pandai’

means both ‘smith’ and ‘clever’. A group of smiths from Singaraja, in

the northern part of the Island, trace their line back before the im-

migration of the Majapahit Javanese. Another clan of smiths consider

themselves as direct descendants of Brahma, the fiery Hindu God. The sym-

bolic importance of precious metals in Hindu cosmology is reflected in the belief

that the triple peaks of Mount Meru, the abode of the Gods and the center of the world, are

made of gold, silver and iron.

Balinese smiths still produce beautiful gold ornaments for domestic use but the majority of

production is silver work for the export market. International demand has grown so rapidly that

new centers of production have sprung up in Denpasar and Kuta. In recent years, Celuk has ab-

sorbed young people from diverse backgrounds who train and work side by side with others

whose families have been working with precious metals for hundreds of years.

It’s quite complicated to trace back historical backgrounds of Celuk, a famous center for silver

craft in the resort Island of Bali. Silver craft in Celuk has started with the ancestors of Soroh Pande

clan. They crafted jewelries in the form of hairpin made up of silver and gold, which were used

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for traditional rituals. But, due to soaring gold price and material scarcity, the jewelry for ritual

purpose had been supplanted with those made up of silver, whose price was relatively cheaper.

And since then, silver has been used to substitute material for making other sort of jewelries.

The earliest Balinese silver jewelry designs were copies of traditional gold jewelry. The Bali-

nese use beautiful repose silver bowls and implements for their temple offerings but for jewelry

they prefer gold, and would rather go without than wear silver. As a result, silver jewelry devel-

oped only recently and has always been an export product. As the market for silver grew, there

was pressure to diversify and motifs from many cultures were quickly diffused through the com-

munity of smiths. The use by artisans of multicultural motifs is an ancient practice. Gold jewelry

found from early Egypt, Greece, Phoenicia, Persia and later Rome, all display motifs borrowed

from one another.

While in the ancient world migration and Phoenician traders were responsible for slowly dif-

fusing ideas, the process has become almost instantaneous with the advent of television, air-

planes and fax machines. Today, buyers come to Bali from all over the world. Designers flock to

the island as well. They are drawn by the sympathetic environment as much as by the skill of the

craftsmen.

Bali seems to nurture creativity. Silver craft from Bali is different from other towns, it has more

contemporary style as mixed between traditional and western style. Well noted from I Nyoman

Rupadana the Head of Gianyar Silver Association, there are many serious buyer eager to learn

Indonesian language in order to be able to communicate well with the silversmith and in return

it also force people to learn English to be able to communicate with the buyer.

Bali Bombing caused a huge effect in doing silver business in Bali, many producers lost orders.

However, the touch of Balinese style in silver craft is having its own charm. It did not take a long

time for silver business to return to life. Nowadays, many of home industries produce works for

foreign designers, but the creative process is always a collaboration in which the influence of the

Balinese craftsmen is readily apparent in the finished product.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

60.000.000

40.000.000

20.000.000

(US

$)

Bali

Bali Export HS 711311JEWELRY AND PARTS THEREOF, OF SILVER

Source : Ministry of Trade / ITC

30Indonesian Silver

LombokSimilar to the development of crafting of gold and pearl in

West Nusa Tenggara, silver craft also experience significant growth.

The escalating number of existing silver home industries, especially in

Lombok Island, are supporting each other for finesse in terms of quality and

designed product.

In general, silver craft in Bumi Gora is made for accessories and ornament of gold and pearl.

This potency recieves the support from the provincial government of West Nusa Tenggara and

also the local district government in the form of intensive construction through training. This

training is given so that all craftsmen have additional knowledge about the production process

in crafting silver.

Though there are several famous silver towns in Indonesia, West Nusa Tenggara products can

still compete against other silver products from other areas. Strive to come up with difference

unique design and newest innovation, silver from West Nusa Tenggara can make good market

penetration in and abroad. West Nusa Tenggara as centre of pearl development has made a

great synergy with silver craft industries. Silver craft home industries can be found in Lombok Is-

land such as in Sekarbela, Kamasan and Monjok in Mataram; and also in Sakra and Pancor in east

Lombok. So far there are 410 silver home industries registered with 1000 workers.

West Nusa Tenggara as cen-tre of pearl development has made a great synergy with silver craft industries

31Indonesian Silver

LumajangLumajang own the pre-eminent product promising to be developed. Silver product from

Lumajang has been known better in and also abroad for its wellness in design and also its qual-

ity. The production capacity reach a minimum of 8 tons of silver annually and has been exported

through Yogyakarta and Bali. Top 3 biggest foreign buyers for Lumajang silver are Canada, Aus-

tralia and Japan. Pulo, Gesang, Besuk and Jokarto is some of silver villages in Lumajang.

There are many silversmiths in Desa Pulo, Kecamatan Tempeh, Lumajang, East Java. Though

in this village the order of silver craft is merely up and down, the production is still exist. Even

now the silver fever has spread to other villages.

No Silver Centre Village District1 UD Lokananta Besuk Village Tempeh

2 Putut Besuk Village Tempeh

3 Alkafi Pulo Village Tempeh

4 Arjosilver Pulo Village Tempeh

5 Rooby Silver Gesang Tempeh

6 Jumarto Siver Jokarto Village Tempeh

7 Maghfiro Silver Jatisari Tempeh

8 Karya Abadi Gesang Tempeh

It started from one famous silversmith from Desa Pulo named Iskak who opened his first silver

business in 1940 with only 7 workers helping him. He brought this village into success as silver

producer and won an award from the government.

Slowly but surely, silver home industries develop to more serious and sustainable source of

income for people in Desa Pulo. Now there are 296 registered home industries with more than

1100 workers. You can find silversmith in every houses in Desa Pulo, Lumajang, East Java.

32Indonesian Silver

Jagalan, BantulNot so far from Yogyakarta there is Bantul Regency, located in the middle of southern side

of Yogyakarta Province which has a quite prospective potency to be developed. One of them is

Silver Craft Center located in Jagalan Village.

You will find two attractive things when you are walking in Jagalan. First, you will find many

shops that sell silver crafts, second you will look ancient buildings. It is not surprisingly, because

in past time Jagalan was a city of kingdom and Islam Mataram Palace. Seemingly, Bantul govern-

ment realizes much of the region potency and builds Jagalan as silver craft center and tourism

village then.

Jagalan is a region, which is located in Banguntapan district, Bantul. Most people work as sil-

ver crafters. The beauty of its silver craft has been known well either internal or external country.

It is proved by a lot of orders from internal country, such as Bali, Jakarta and Yogyakarta. While

from outside the country, those orders are from America, Italy, Singapore, Thailand and Japan.

“We always have orders, either internal or external country”, Samsudin, one of success crafters in

silver craft world says.

There are more 40 silver crafters who use 5 kilograms of silver bars every month at that area.

Most of silver crafters at Jagalan never get formal education of silver craft knowledge. According

to Mulyati Hartowiyono, who is also silver crafter, they got their expertise hereditarily and from

experience of reading silver craft book. The products are various such as rings, bracelet, neck-

lace, pendant, earrings, brooch, wall decorations, miniatures such as kereta kencana (golden

cart), becak (pedicab), dokar (cart pulled by horse), kapal (ship), animal, etc. The product price is

vary, start from Rp 3.000 for a ring, to Rp 1.600.000 for big wall decoration.

33Indonesian Silver

KotogadangKotogadang is actually a small village located close to one of the most famous tourist attrac-

tions in West Sumatra, Ngarai Sianok. The village belongs administratively to the IV Koto (Ampek

Koto) district of Kabupaten Agam. The predominant local ethnic group is Minangkabau. This

village can be reached by a half an hour walk through the canyon from Bukittinggi or with a local

bus via Galudua juncture in Koto Tuo on the road to Lake Maninjau, which is only two kilometers

from Koto Gadang. Many households are also involved in the production of embroider and silver.

There are many houses with a signboard ‘Silverwork’ in front of it.

From word of mouth, silverwork has been started since the epic Pagaruyuang era. When sail-

ing through country Langkasuka, King’s crown fall to the sea. With the science and its skill, Ko-

togadang craftmen succeed to make its duplicate. The King was so happy have the crown back.

This story is representing the eldest source of early silversmith in Kotogadang. Silver craft has

become source of income for long time ago. Its consumer came from middle to upper social

class. As a gold and silver smith, the craftmen can have promising life. In the 18th century, all

craftsmen were included in “Majelis saudagar yang dua belas” ( an association for businessman)

and had a very respectful place.

Silver has been used as substitute from gold but nowadays the user of silver is progres-

sively increasing and type of silver products is vary. Famous businessman

from kotogadang like H.M Syarif, H. Jaafar opened artshop in Bukit-

tinggi, Medan and Jakarta. They also followed international exhibi-

tion, all token of appreciation can be seen in Amai Setia building Ko-

togadang. Today, Amai Setia Foundation is the center

of Silver Crafts from all silversmiths in Kotogadang.

Type of silver craft is varied with very good qual-

ity control. The designs are taken from nature, such as

animal, plant and flowers, this is in line with Minangka-

bau philosophy that nature is the teacher. The art shop

provide souvenir for tourist like bracelet, ring and other small

product besides traditional products of Kotogadang such as

ampiang pendant, manic batanak. Only high skilled silver

smith is able crafting the traditional Koogadang products.

Silver craft has faced up and down season. The Golden age

has gone, the first trial happened in 1930 because of econ-

omy crisis almost all craftsmen suddenly jobless. To counter

34Indonesian Silver

the situation Kotogadang citizen established Kotogadangsch Filigrain Wok (KFW) or Kotogadang

Silver Company. The first organization had 70 members and obtained capital from sale of stocks.

This quick action gave a great impact, a lot of improvement and craftsmen can be saved. Unfor-

tunately, the Second World War has made the good progress change into quick fall. Then many

craftsmen started to sell their products to third party directly without through KFW.

The third trial on 1998 has made the situation even worse, economy crisis and serious fog

problem causing a drop in the number of tourists to West Sumatra, and therefore a reduced

revenue.

BlitarManual labor with enough potency that developed by Blitar regency is cananga oil, coconut

sugar, wood lathe, nuts chips and silver jewelry. From all of the five kinds of commodities, the

ones that can reach export markets are cananga oil and silver jewelry. Cananga oil is mostly sold

to European countries (France, England, Germany), America, Japan, Singapore. The silver jewelry

are bracelets, earrings, rings, necklaces and brooches, which are mostly marketed to Australia,

New Zealand and Japan.

The design of Minangkabau silver taken from the nature such as animal, plant and flowers, this is in line with Minangkabau philosophy that nature is the teacher

35Indonesian Silver

JakartaAs the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta is also the main gate for many buyers who look for Indo-

nesia products. Though it is unknown to ordinary people, Jakarta has a strong silver industry.

Mostly working in jewelry making, Jakarta houses some of the country’s most advance silver

workshops. Unlike other provinces which have silversmiths that are steep in tradition, Jakarta is

modern. Its industry is a result of creativity and forward-looking vision of its leading players.

One of the unique brands born out of this creative process is Batik Silver. Fully

produced and designed in Jakarta, Batik Silver is an innovative way of connecting

modern jewelries to the ancient cultural root of the people. Living up to its name,

Batik Silver takes traditional batik motives like Kawung and Parang, usually found in cloth, and

implement them in rings, necklaces, and earrings.

Batik Silver is nearly unknown in domestic

market. The producer designed

it to cater to foreign and upscale

taste. All of their productions are

exported to established markets in Eu-

rope and North America.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

(US

$)

DKI Jakarta

Jakarta Exports of Silver JewelryHS 711311

20.000.000

15.000.000

10.000.000

5.000.000

0

Source : Ministry of Trade / ITC

36Indonesian Silver

JambiJambi, the island of Sumatra is known as Suarna Dwipa or the

Island of Gold. Therefore the local government is trying hard to

arouse awareness among craftsmen to be more creative. It used to

be tourist came to Jambi wanted to get local ornament all they could

find was only angso duo motive. Nevertheless, it was the old story. Now

Jambi’s ornament is more diverse with special Jambi’s pattern.

The local government through National Craft Council in the province gives full support to

all gold and silversmith to get new ideas and more creative by organizing training and follow

handicraft event.

KendariKendari is located in South East Sulawesi. In this city you will find a silver craft with the name

Kendari Werek. Mostly the people work on silver jewelry related to cultural need. However, to

meet the customer need, they also make jewelry for souvenir purpose. The skill of making sil-

ver is brought by a man with the name of Jie A Woi from Kwang Tong province, China, back to

more than 100 years ago. She is inspired by a spider when he first time created a silver craft. A

Woi product was very famous. One of his customer is Queen Elizabeth from England and Queen

Wilhelmina from the Netherland who ordered his product. As appreciation for Jie A Woi work, in

the middle of 19th century the Queen sent certificate of appreciation to him.

36Indonesian Silver

37Indonesian Silver

37Indonesian Silver

Modern elegant bracellets designed by Runi Palar has been exported to the world.

38Indonesian Silver

38Indonesian Silver

KOTOGADANG

JAKARTA

YOGYAKARTALUMAJANG

GIANYAR

LOMBOK

PALANGKARAYA

JAMBI

Indonesian Silver Centers

BLITAR

39Indonesian Silver

KENDARI

Regency ProvinceGianyar BALI

Kulungkung BALI

Karangasem BALI

Yogyakarta YOGYAKARTA

Ponorogo EAST JAVA

Lumajang EAST JAVA

Hulu Sungai Selatan SOUTH KALIMANTAN

Mataram WESTERN NUSA TENGGARA

Pangkajene Kepulauan SOUTH SULAWESI

Manado NORTH SULAWESI

MANADO

40Indonesian Silver

Indonesian Silver in Trade

40Indonesian Silver

41Indonesian Silver

Since 1987, Indonesian export has been dominated by non oil and gas. The change is due to

some new deregulation and policies issued by the Indonesian Government. These deregulation

and policies have enabled the producers and exporters of non-oil commodities to improve and

increase their production and export.

In 1998, the value of non oil and gas reached 83,88 percent of total Indonesian export includ-

ing exports from creative industry. After the economic crisis, Indonesian export has risen again.

For the last five years, Indonesian export has shown an increasing trend. In 2007 the Indonesian

government through Ministry of Trade started to give more support to creative industry which

is part of non-oil and gas commodities. This creative industry is commodities that rely on human

skills. Indonesia owns diversity in culture and heritage, that is very competitive than those of

foreign designs.

That is why business units especially in the field of jewelry are asked to increase competitive-

ness by creating design innovation in order to follow market demand. Many countries can make

silver jewelry or silverware but handmade Indonesian silver for both jewelry and silverware; In-

donesia has its own beauty.

1. Peru 112.32. Mexico 99.23. China 82.44. Chile 62.05. Australia 60.46. Poland 39.57. Russia 38.08. United States 37.39. Canada 25.810. Kazakhstan 22.711. Bolivia 16.912. Sweden 9.413. Argentina 8.514. Indonesia 8.215. Turkey 7.516. Morocco 7.117. Iran 3.118. India 2.919. Guatemala 2.820. Uzbekistan 2.8

Top 20 Producersof Raw Silver Materials in 2007

(millions of ounces)

Source: The Silver Institute

42Indonesian Silver

History of Silver PriceFrom the table bellow you can see the silver price reaches the highest price in 2007 per ounce

from the last 10 years. It means doing silver business worldwide is still promising.

The predicate of silver jewelry producer has long been stuck to Indonesia that has exported

the products to numerous major markets in the countries around the world, such as Singapore,

the United States, Hong Kong, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Japan, Italy and

Denmark. Data from International Trade Center (ITC) suggests that Indonesia ranked 14th in the

world as exporter of articles of jewelry and parts thereof, silver, whether or not plated or clad

with other precious metal (HS 711311). In the United States, world’s largest importer of silver

jewelry products, Indonesia sat at 6th rank of supplier after Thailand, China, Italy, Mexico and

India. Indonesia also ranked 6th as jewelry supplier to Hong Kong, while in Italian market, Indo-

nesia ranked 9th, in German and the UK market, Indonesia ranked 10th, and in Japan’s market,

Indonesia ranked 15th.

Today, Mexico and Peru still produce the most silver in the world. Australia comes in a distant

third. It’s said that 1/5 of all the silver in the world comes from Mexico. Silver occurs in deposits

of native metal and as silver ores. Native silvers mines provide only a small amount of the world’s

silver. The most common silver ores contain the mineral argentite or the compound silver sulfide.

Silver often occurs along with such metal as copper, gold, lead and zinc. Mining obtain 80% of

the world’s silver as by-product of mining and processing these metal.

Historical Silver Prices from 1997 - 2007London Fix

(US dollars per ounce)

Year High Low Average

2007 15.82 11.67 13.39

2006 14.94 8.83 11.57

2005 9.23 6.39 7.22

2004 8.29 5.50 6.65

2003 5.97 4.24 4.85

2002 5.10 4.24 4.60

2001 4.82 4.07 4.37

2000 5.45 4.57 4.95

1999 5.4811 5.0315 5.2182

1998 7.8100 4.6900 5.54420

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008Source: The Silver Institute

43Indonesian Silver

Top Ten Jewelry Consuming Countries

World Silver Fabrication : Jewelry and Silverware

(Milion ounces)

(Million ounces)

Global Supply and Demand of SilverFrom the demand side, Western countries still rank high on the list of

consumers, with US topping the list. On the supply side, the fabrication

of silver jewellerry and silverware is dominated by Asian countries with

more than half of world production.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

USA 46.7 46.1 49.6 51.8 52.6 53.7

India 24.8 28.9 19.7 19.2 11.1 14.7

Germany 10.2 10.7 11.0 11.7 11.8 12.0

Italy 10.5 11.3 11.3 11.6 10.9 9.5

Mexico 6.8 7.1 8.2 9.3 8.9 9.1

Japan 5.2 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.6 7.0

UK & Ireland 3.7 4.5 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.1

France 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.0

Poland 3.1 2.7 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.9

Canada 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.6

Source : The Silver Institude

Source : The Silver Institude

COUNTRY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Europe 86.2 77.0 71.9 70.4 66.7 61.5

North America 28.4 27.4 29.3 32.4 33.2 33.5

Latin America 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.6

Middle East 13.7 11.6 12.5 13.3 14.1 13.2

Indian Sub-continent 76.3 96.1 68.2 67.9 41.5 43.3

East Asia 53.6 58.6 60.1 67.2 72.7 74.4

Thailand 30.8 32.7 32.3 36.2 36.9 36.8

China 9.1 11.5 14.3 17.1 20.5 22.6

South Korea 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7

Indonesia 3.7 4.7 4.0 4.1 5.2 4.5

Other East Asia 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.8

Africa 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

Oceania 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

CIS 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.2 4.2 5.1

WORLD TOTAL 266.2 278.5 250.2 260.3 238.7 237.5

43Indonesian Silver

44Indonesian Silver

Indonesian Export by Country of DestinationsTop five Indonesian destinations for Indonesian silver jewelry are Singapore, United States,

Germany, Hongkong and Thailand.

JEWELRY AND PARTS THEREOF, OF SILVER HS: 711311

COUNTRY 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

SINGAPORE 15,083,804 11,949,418 11,424,394 14,794,427 20,502,110

UNITED STATES 3,824,564 5,942,671 19,238,255 14,131,181 17,921,027

GERMANY 1,036,552 2,103,351 1,245,818 1,378,404 5,109,694

HONGKONG 2,476,642 1,180,199 222,223 476,553 6,245,257

THAILAND 189,436 304,083 561,821 2,100,820 3,060,398

UNITED KINGDOM 586,177 1,137,752 1,047,641 708,973 1,126,440

THE NETHERLANDS 428,452 535,428 465,612 695,069 957,442

ITALY 347,320 317,999 657,604 795,079 861,186

TURKEY - 14,759 108,243 946,230 1,108,514

JAPAN 351,325 137,916 278,855 311,691 826,747

Others 901,141 1,419,315 1,755,310 1,763,844 3,020,058

Total 25,225,413 25,042,891 37,005,776 38,102,271 60,738,873

BASE METALS CLAD WITH SILVER, NOT FURTHER WORKED THAN SEMI MANUFACTURED

HS: 710700

COUNTRY 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

UNITED STATES 226,482 925 1,977 527 14,573

JAPAN 11,323 389 - 12 228,371

FRANCE 43,275 30,879 1,208 12,065 -

GERMANY - - 1,448 18,869 21,995

THE NETHERLANDS 77 13,825 654 71 15,559

AUSTRALIA 252 60 2,191 2,810 17,348

ITALY 1,936 325 6,877 8,596 2,617

SINGAPORE 8,198 - - 302 3,015

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 98 270 2,300 7,784 -

BRAZIL - - - 487 5,997

Others 15,033 4,006 4,093 7,858 2,869

Total 306,674 50,679 20,748 59,381 312,344

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

44Indonesian Silver

(in US $)

(in US $)

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

45Indonesian Silver

JEWELRY AND PARTS THEREOF, OF SILVER HS: 711311

Indonesian Export by Province There are many silver craft centers in Indonesia scattered in many towns and cities, however

not all of them can export on their own through their local government. The gate for export

mainly comes from Indonesia big cities and it also creates a longer value chain for the silver

industry itself.

The tradition of jewelry craftsmanship has vaulted Indonesia to the position of 10 world’s

biggest jewelry exporters for especially silver jewelry category. Indonesian jewelry craftsman-

ship mainly stems from Kotagede, a small town in Yogyakarta Province and Celuk, a small district

in Gianyar Regency, Bali. Both give their best silver jewelry products contribution to Indonesia.

SILVER, SEMIMANUFACTUREDHS: 710692

PROVINCE 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

D K I JAKARTA 4,260,059 973,233 - 1,115,390 1,487

R I A U - 3,240 - - 20

LAMPUNG - 184,790 - - -

CENTRAL JAVA 9,528 4,908 8,000 - -

EAST JAVA 7,051 1,083 - - -

B A L I 105 3,990 - 6 -

Total 4,276,743 1,171,244 8,000 1,115,396 1,507

COUNTRY 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

SINGAPORE 15,083,804 11,949,418 11,424,394 14,794,427 20,502,110

USA 3,824,564 5,942,671 19,238,255 14,131,181 17,921,027

GERMANY 1,036,552 2,103,351 1,245,818 1,378,404 5,109,694

HONGKONG 2,476,642 1,180,199 222,223 476,553 6,245,257

THAILAND 189,436 304,083 561,821 2,100,820 3,060,398

UK 586,177 1,137,752 1,047,641 708,973 1,126,440

THE NETHERLANDS 428,452 535,428 465,612 695,069 957,442

ITALY 347,320 317,999 657,604 795,079 861,186

TURKEY - 14,759 108,243 946,230 1,108,514

JAPAN 351,325 137,916 278,855 311,691 826,747

OTHER COUNTRIES 901,141 1,419,315 1,755,310 1,763,844 3,020,058

TOTAL 25,225,413 25,042,891 37,005,776 38,102,271 60,738,873

(in US $)

(in US $)

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

46Indonesian Silver

JEWELRY AND PARTS THEREOF, OF SILVER HS: 711311

PROVINCE 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

B A L I 18,903,844 17,346,252 18,352,565 28,575,012 41,918,487

D K I JAKARTA 5,071,350 5,602,539 12,002,967 8,113,179 18,364,609

EAST JAVA 702,975 1,921,135 6,478,215 1,405,626 418,307

SOUTH SULAWESI - 11,565 - - 36,172

CENTRAL JAVA 431,216 5,682 14,176 3,776 1,242

NORTH SUMATERA 3,074 5,251 21,464 - 56

EAST KALIMANTAN - - 78 - -

SOUTH KALIMANTAN 1,153 - - - -

D.I. YOGYAKARTA 34,101 11,343 12,709 - -

EAST NUSA TENGGARA - - 107,527 - -

SOUTH SUMATERA - 116,899 - - -

R I A U 23,022 - 130 672 -

PAPUA 1,390 - - - -

J A M B I - - 466 2,029 -

LAMPUNG - 22,225 15,479 1,792 -

CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 53,288 - - 185 -

Total 25,225,413 25,042,891 37,005,776 38,102,271 60,738,873

BASE METALS OR SILVER, CLAD WITH GOLD, NOT FURTHER WORKED THAN SEMI MANUFACTURED

HS: 710900

PROVINCE 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

D K I JAKARTA 2,444 307 - 5,582,309 65,265

B A L I 38 - 487,845 2,765,433 9,148

EAST JAVA 90,073 - - - 3,199

R I A U - - - 240 -

Total 92,555 307 487,845 8,347,982 77,612

(in US $)

(in US $)

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

47Indonesian Silver

BASE METALS, SILVER OR GOLD, CLAD WITH PLATINUM, NOT FURTHER WORKED THAN SEMIMANUFACTURED

HS: 711100

PROVINCE 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

D K I JAKARTA - - - - 21,467

CENTRAL JAVA - - - - 134

SOUTH SULAWESI - - - 33,896 -

R I A U - - 242,659 3,850 -

B A L I 15,936 70 5,988 5,876 -

EAST JAVA 1,961 1,965 - - -

Total 17,897 2,035 248,647 43,622 21,601

ARTICLES OF SILVER (OTHER THAN JEWELRY), WHETHER OR NOT PLATED OR CLAD WITH OTHER PRECIOUS METAL

HS: 711411

PROVINCE 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

B A L I 3,647,858 2,409,775 4,127,804 7,785,014 1,542,829

EAST JAVA 212,477 152,110 104,287 66,823 138,782

D K I JAKARTA 460,851 219,213 315,100 300,481 115,783

D.I. YOGYAKARTA 3,505 4,653 11,523 15 2,595

NORTH SUMATERA 6,251 - - - -

WEST SUMATERA - 3,322 - - -

R I A U - 36,004 - - -

CENTRAL JAVA 7,440 1,878 3,089 571 -

LAMPUNG - 1,984 - 2,187 -

CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 3,128 - - - -

Total 4,341,510 2,828,939 4,561,803 8,155,091 1,799,989

47Indonesian Silver

(in US $)

(in US $)

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics

48Indonesian Silver

48Indonesian Silver

49Indonesian Silver

Unique Selling Points of Indonesian Silvercrafts

Quality Advantages of Indonesian Handmade SilverSilversmiths are very skillfull, resulting hand made products that are high in quality and art.

Also, several silver cities in Indonesia have their own superiority. These cities are tourist destina-

tions which will ease the promotion cost of the handicraft itself. Tourist with a purpose in doing

tour only could also do business with the locals.

Availability of Skilled CraftsmenAll silversmiths gain experience and knowledge from training and apprenticeship that has

been done from generation to generation, therefore it is not odd if silver art shop businesses

are businesses that run from generation to generation until several generations. In some cases it

has reach the 5th generations as silver entrepreneur. In every silver town, it is easy to find skillfull

craftsmen. This business has its own charm even for the youngsters. In every silver town, training

always given by the community to keep and increase silversmith availability.

Various Types of Unique DesignThe Unique Selling Point of all Indonesian silver is the traditional touch that will never be

found elsewhere. Many places in the world also make silver jewelry and silverware but Indone-

sian traditional motifs exist only in Indonesia. Even from one town to another, it has different

cultural motif related to its history. From the jewelry, houseware and many other modern appli-

cation of silver, there must be traditional touch that gives more value.

Availability of Raw MaterialThe increasing value of world silver actually indicates a promising sign for silver handicraft

industry. Fashion trends that use a lot of silver complexities nowadays also give opportunities

and resulting in the silver handicraft product demand. Indonesia which is number 14 as silver

producing countries in the world supposedly open the opportunities for silver craftsmen in re-

ceiving basic materials and produce more silver products.

Challenges

Not all craftsmen realize the importance of international certification for product process

(ISO) and in registering their patent design for silver products, resulting in the design being pat-

ent by other craftsmen from other countries. Continuity of supply of basic silver materials pres-

ents an obstacle for many craftsmen. Longer lead time in process production is also another

problem, because most silvercrafts from Indonesia are hand-made.

50Indonesian Silver

Classic problems occur in almost every small and middle enterprise (SMEs) in Indonesia: the

problems are lack of capital and product distribution or marketing. Foreign entrepreneur seems

to be more powerful than local entrepreneur because they have mastery of the distribution

channels which the local doesn’t have. As a result many talented local people end up as an em-

ployee for the foreigners.

Basic silver materials that keeps fluctuating is also a challenge of itself and the validation

of VAT 10% in buying basic materials through an appointed companies (ANTAM) also burden

craftsmen. Craftsmen financial readiness also varied, therefore financial capital is also the main

obstacles. Even though VAT 10% doesn’t apply to export products but craftsmen have to pay VAT

10% at the beginning when buying basic materials and not all craftsmen understand the real

export procedure on whether they could request restitution for VAT paid.

The domestic politics and security instability gives a significant effect to the continuity of sil-

versmith because most of silver cities are also tourist destinations. This result in a decrease of

tourist and a decrease of handicraft silver profit. Silver craft business really relies

on foreign buyers. This is proven by the movement of foreign buyes

to other countries like Thailand, China and Vietnam. Actu-

ally those countries have a lower quality than the Indone-

sian silver. They use mass production machine in mak-

ing silver products. The biggest competitor is coming

from Thailand as the nearest country to Indonesia. The circu-

lation of silver basic materials in the foreign black market with

a competitive price could damage silver handicraft market price

between craftsmen and resulting in an imperfect competition among silver

handicraft businesses. If silver business cannot give the silversmith a proper

life, we have to be afraid that we are going to lose another Indonesian heritage

as people don’t want to be a silversmith again.

Theres a flux of entrance of foreign entrepreneurs to Indonesia which take over many

silver businesses and supported by a strong capital base and extensive network distribu-

tions. These foreign entrepreneurs could eliminate small silver handicraft businessmen. Many

has raised concerns that in the future these local craftsmen cannot survive on their own even in

running the business on their own and only rely on foreign entrepreneurs that open their busi-

nesses in Indonesia. So, Indonesian craftsmen position lies below these foreign entrepreneurs

who received most of the profits and not the domestic craftsmen.

51Indonesian Silver

Role of Government

Economic democracy system appears into the business enterprises such as small enterprises,

cooperation and informal sectors. Real posteriori indicates that these institutions cannot devel-

op well because of limited capital access, skills, technologies, management and weak in access-

ing government policies, also hard to compete with big enterprises. Naturally, these issues will

hamper small medium business enterprises (SMEs) from developing and informal sectors into

becoming big enterprises.

By looking at the real weakness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) and cooperatives

and the conditions that could hamper their development, it seems that an alternative institution

need to be created in order to provide help to small medium business enterprises (SME) and

cooperatives in their development.

Venture Capital InstitutionsUntil now there are more that 24 Venture Capital Institutions (Lembaga Modal Venture/ LMV)

that were built by the government which are spread all over the country. Venture Capital Institu-

tions will become more important because they are related to government eagerness in paying

more attention in managing and developing private sectors in small and medium enterprises

(SME) because these two groups of players are hard to be developed into a strong enterprise

which could compete with other economic players. Even according to Central Statistics Bureau

(BPS), from 34 millions small enterprises none of them can develop into medium enterprises

because of big enterprises in each business sectors. Quantitatively, large number of Small and

Medium Enterprises (SME’s) and cooperatives need a close attention in developing it seriously.

Government’s political will in giving its attention to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

needs to be supported because their success can be used as a strong foundation in increasing

the national economy. It can also decrease social and economic gap that could create instability

within the society.

Main problem that SMEs are facing is weak access in getting capital fund. Main capital fund

originating from bank loan is burdening SME because of high interest rate. On the other hand

increasing production and marketing its products could not cover the interest rate. Besides that,

entrepreneurs have to provide physical collateral which seldom are hard to provide.

For sure the government has acknowledge this issue, proven by the policies and concepts

that are issued by the government in order to help and push on the development of SME. At

52Indonesian Silver

first, the government support on small credit loan, KMKP and those programs since 1991

have changes into Small Business Credit. With this program, banking has to provide 20% of its

credit for Small Business Credit . Also State Owned Companies have to provide 1-5 % of their prof-

its to small enterprises. Besides that, since 1980, the government have apply partnering concept

between big entrepreneur as a godfather and SME as their sons.

Because of price fluctuation in basic raw material of silver in practice these programs shows

a promising result. All policies that has been issued by the government didn’t feel sufficient

enough to build and support SME development because problems that SME’s are facing doesn’t

only lies on limited capital fund, but it is more than that. If this problem is not instantly handled,

without any doubt that gap and competitiveness between small/middle entrepreneurs with big

entrepreneur will get wider.

Therefore the role of venture capital fund companies in developing small and medium busi-

ness enterprises need to be optimized so that small and medium business enterprises and coop-

eratives that received aid can give profit in interest, dividend, management fee, also an increase

in stocks.

Training Center Besides capital problem, regeneration of high skilled silversmiths is also serious problems.

What has happened in Kotogadang is one of the example of how really serious the regenerations

problem. The government needs to reawaken silver industries in the area where the number of

silversmith is in decrease and in the area where there are potential human resource is available.

Jambi is one of the good example, through National Craft Council it arouse people awareness in

doing silver business as a silversmith. If Training Centers (Balai Latihan Kerja) can actively trained

people in silvercrafts, we still can preserve our heritage in silvercrafts made in Indonesia.

52Indonesian Silver

53Indonesian Silver

Role of local government is very important to absorb workers from informal sector. So they

also have a hope though they don’t have enough formal education background they still can be

a successful person as a silversmith.

Foreign entrepreneurs seem to hijack high-skilled silversmiths to work for them and left the

locals. This attitude resulting local people as a worker or low class people compared to the for-

eigners as the boss. What we want is to create qualified local entrepreneurs that are able to do

business internationally. The main business will be conquered by the foreigners if government

does not do anything to prevent this thing from happenning.

Promotion AssistanceThe Government holds an important role in developing SMEs to preserve the national heri-

tage through its representatives in the province. The institutions give assistances to arouse com-

munity awareness about the potential craft in the community and acts as the motivator. This

institution also supports its networking and take the member go for promotion in and outside

the country. In other words the local government open the way to introduce the product to the

outsider. Such as follow International Jewelry exhibition in Hongkong and Las Vegas.

53Indonesian Silver

54Indonesian Silver

List of Silver ExportersAL MUKHLIES SILVERJl. Pramuka No. 5-D, Umbulharjo Yogyakarta 55161 Phone : (62-274) 385971 / (62-274) 385971 Web : www.almukhlies.comContact : Ir. Muhibbin, MM

ALIA JEWELERYJl. Kemang Raya 2H Hotel Kemang Jakarta Phone : (62-21) 7194121, 7201747 ext. 754 / 7265080, 7194131 email : alia.jac@yahoo.com Contact : Amaruddin Uma Ngali

ANSOR`S SILVER Jl. Tegal Gendu No. 28 Kotagede Yogyakarta 55173 Phone : (62-274) 373266,371305,388317 / 382258, 388317 Web : ansor`s_silver@yahoo.com Contact : Eka Rusdiana ,Suryatin A. S.

ANTING, CV Jl. Jati Padang III/36 Rt 06 Rw 03 Jati Padang Ps.Minggu JakSelPhone : (62-21) 7181763, 7193952 / (62-21) 7193951 Web : chicmart@cbn.net.id Contact : Indah Kurniasih, Vonny Hartono

ARISTYA GOLD & SILVERJl. Raya Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 295233 / (62-361) 298174Web : aristya@eksaplata.comContact : I Ketut Sunarya, Ni Made Wartari

ARTISTICA JEWELRY, PTJl. Raya Tenggilis No. 54 Surabaya Jawa Timur 60292Phone : (62-31) 8438391, 8438706 / (62-31) 8414875 Web : artistica@aratistica-indo.com / www.artisticaindo.com Contact : Cindy Linata

BALI SILVER TREASURESJl. Raya Batu Bulan No. 23, Gianyar Denpasar Bali Phone : (62-361) 297597 / (62-361) 297894Email : balisilver@dps.centrin.net.idWeb :www.balisilvertreasures.comContact : Haryanto Halim

BANDEM COMMUNITY OF SILVER SMITH Br. Sengguan, Ds Singapadu, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 298688, 298693, 294176 / (62-361) 298688 Email : bandemsilver@dps.centrin.net.id / www.bandemsilver.comContact : I Made Kardita Bandem BOROBUDUR SILVERJl. Menteri Supeno No. 41 Yogyakarta 55162Phone : (62-274) 374037, 374238 / (62-274) 375439 Email : sales@borobudur-silver.com, selly@yogya.wasantara.net.idWeb : www.borobudur-silver.comContact : Selly Sagita

DALAS SILVERAlun-Alun Kg III/7 Kotagede YogyakartaPhone : (62-274) 370678 / (62-274) 370678Contact : Dalmono Budi S.

DEDE`S SILVERJl. Gianyar No. 18, Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 298184 / (62-361) 298184Email : sales@dedesgold.com / www.dedesgold.com Contact : I Putu Pande A. Saputra

DIANA SILVERJl. Nyi Pembayun No. 11, Kotagede YogyakartaPhone : (62-274) 7111326 / (62-274) 383281Email : dianasilvertrap@yahoo.co.id / www.dianasilver.net.tf

EKA SILVER GOLD & JEWELRY, PTJl. Kemayoran Baru No. 5 Surabaya Jawa Timur 60175Phone : (62-31) 3553277, 3553278 / (62-31) 3526270 Email : sales@ekasilver.com, esgj_05@rad.net.idWeb : www.ekasilver.com Contact : Abd. Mudjib

FAJAR SURYA CIPTA, CV Jl. Pendawa 24 Menteng Dalam JakartaPhone : (62-21) 8295937 / (62-21) 8295937Email : fajar_surya_cipta@yahoo.co.idContact : Faizah

HASTA KARYA HANDYCRAFTJl. Mardani Raya 13, RT 002/05, Kel. Johor Baru JakartaPhone : (62-21) 4202864Contact : Drs. M. Saleh ZA

HS SILVER 800-925Jl. Mondorakan No. 1 Rt 35/07, Prenggan, Kotagede Yogyakarta 55172Phone : (62-274) 375107, 370725 / (62-274) 377872 Email : hs800-925@yogya.wasantara.net.idWeb : www.hssilver.comContact : H. Suryadi

I WAYAN SUDIARTA GOLD & SILVERBr. Celuk Sukawati Gianyar BaliPhone : (62-361) 295165 / (62-361) 295166Email : yannyer@hotmail.comContact : I Wayan Sudiarta

IDOLA PRIMA SILVERJl. Imogiri Barat Km 4 No. 127, Bangunharjo, Sewo Bantul D. I. YogjakartaPhone : (62-274) 419808 / (62-274) 419808Contact : Mulya Dipakusuma

INDARTI SILVERJl Raya Celuk No. 3, Celuk Sukowati Gianyar Bali 80585Phone : (62-361) 298172 / (62-361) 295427Email : indarti@balisilvers.com / www.balisilvers.com Contact : Putu Gde Wiracita

INTI GARMINDO PERSADA / RENY FEBY JEWELLERY, PTJl. Pualam Raya No. 31, Sumur Batu, Kemayoran JakPus 10640Phone : (62-21) 4247548 / (62-21) 4241540, (62) 816834111 Email : rfjewel@yahoo.comContact : Okkeu Rachmat Solichin

LED STUDIO, CV Jl. Bisma 9X, Legian Kaja Kuta Bali Phone : (62-361) 757702 / (62-361) 757701 Email : led22@indosat.net.id / www.ledstudioshop.comContact : M. Teguh Roziadi

55Indonesian Silver

LEO SILVERJl. Raya Batuyang No. 99 Gianyar Bali Phone : (62-361) 299129 / (62-361) 299129Email : leosy@indosat.net.id / www.leosilver.comContact : Ayu Oka

MD MOELJODIHARDJO, CV Ds. Keboan Kotagede Yogyakarta 55173Phone : (62-274) 375063, 370710 / (62-274) 375323 Email : mdsilver@plasa.com Contact : Moeljopratomo Md.

MEGA INDAH INDONESIA PERKASA, PTJl. Pasar Kebayoran Lama 31-D Jakarta SelatanPhone : (62-21) 72793348 / (62-21) 72793349 Email : indokasa@yahoo.com / www.indoka.comContact : Benny Indra Kusuma

MEGRANIA PUTRA NUSANTARA (ASTANA MEGRANIA)Jl. Srondol Asri C-17, Srondol Semarang Jawa Tengah 34654Phone : (62-24) 3522516, 7471493 / (62-24) 3522517, 7471493 Email : astana@centrin.net.idContact : Mieke Sahala Hutabarat

MEL`S COLLECTIONJl. Wahid Hasyim Jakarta PusatPhone : (62-21) 3906260, 3156559 / (62-21) 3906260 Contact : Melinda Kurniawan

MIRZA SILVERJl. H.O.S. Cokroaminoto No. 61 Mataram LombokPhone : (62-370) 640839 / (62-370) 640839Email : miza_silver@yahoo.comContact : Syaiful Mizan

MUTIARA GRAHABanjar Seseh, Singapadu, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 294392 / (62-361) 293938Email : mutiaragraha@hotmail.com Contact : Anak Agung Gde Agung Mestra

MUSEUM RUNA Jl. Lotundo, Banjar abian Semal, Ubud, BaliPhone : 0361 980710, 0811 214 185Fax : 0361 981563Email : runa_bali@hotmail.comContact : Runi Palar

MUTIARA TIMUR GLOBALINDO, PTPatra Office Tower 17th FL, Suite 1702 Jl. Gatot Subroto Kav. 32-34 Jakarta Pusat 12950Phone : (62-21) 52900252 / (62-21) 52900252Email : mutiaracollection@yahoo.comContact : Suningsih

NADYA SILVER, UDJl. Imam Bonjol Gg. 100/I No. 7 Denpasar Bali 80238 Phone : (62-361) 484039 / (62-361) 483724Email : nadya@dps.centrin.net.id www.ibdyellowpages.com/nadyasilverContact : Thalib Tayeb

NARTI`S SILVERJl. Tegal Gendu 22, Kotagede YogyakartaPhone : (62-274) 374890Email : sales@narti-silver.com / www.narti-silver.com Contact : Pandit Pintoro

ONEN SURONO, CVJl. Pakel Baru Selatan 58, Yogyakarta 55162Phone : (62-274) 7474406Fax : (62-274) 378327Email : onen@ygy.centrin.net.idContact : Onen Surono

ORO ARGENTO INDONESIA, PTJl. Soekarno Hatta Km 25,5 No. 8, Ungaran Semarang Jawa Tengah 50552 Phone : (62-298) 523888 / (62-298) 523338 Email : oroarg@yahoo.com Contact : Evin Julystin Lauw

PATHA HANDICRAFTBr. Sapat - Tegallalang, Ubud Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 973060, 973262 / (62-361) 973059 Email : info@pathahandicraft.com / www.pathahandicraft.com A. Contact : A. Puspa

PATRA`S COLLECTION, UDBr. Cemenggaon, Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 298758, 299310, 295994 / (62-361) 298121 Email : nympatra@into.net.idContact : Ni Made Karmini

PUSPA MEGA SILVER, CV Jl. Raya Celuk No. 925, Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582 Phone : (62-361) 299689 / (62-361) 298060 balimega@indo.net.id / www.puspamegasilver.com Contact : I Wayan Widjaya

PUTERA SILVERJl. Raya Celuk Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582Phone : (62-361) 298046Mobile : +62816575511 Email : customer@puterasilver.com / www.puterasilver.com Contact : Wayan Gede Rudina Wiraputra

RATNA SILVER (RATNA ASTNA CIPTA, PT) Jl. Tangkuban Perahu, Br. Padang Sumbu Denpasar Barat Bali Phone : (62-361) 734997, 733146 / (62-361) 734997, 759257 Email : ratnasilver@dps.centrin.net.id Contact : Ratna

RUKIN`S SILVER, CV Jl. Raya Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar BALI 80582Phone : (62-361) 298085, 7454554 / (62-361) 298085 Email : rukinsilver@dps.centrin.net.id Contact : I Wayan Karmana

RUPADANA SILVER COLLECTION Br. Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali Phone : (62-361) 298302 / (62-361) 291278 Email : rupadana@indo.net.id / www.rupadanasilver.com Contact : I Nyoman Rupadana

SEA FINE JEWELRY Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 50 (Ciputat Raya) Tangerang 15412 Phone : (62-21) 7492850 / (62-21) 7492850 Email : dmulia@cbn.net.id Contact : Irwan Holmes

SUMBERKREASI CIPTALOGAM Jl. I Gusti Ngurah Rai No. 1 Jakarta 13420 - Indonesia Phone : (62-21) 8199280, 8199403Fax : (62-21) 8199223 - 8195452 Email : prandscl@cbn.net.id Contact : Johnny Salmon

56Indonesian Silver

MINISTRY OF TRADE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL ATTACHE

Australia Indonesian Embassy. 8, Darwin Avenue, Yarralumia Canberra A.c.T. 2600 Australia Phone : (6162) - 625 08654 Fax : (6162) - 62730757 E-mail : atdag-aus@depdag.go.id atperdag@ cyberone.com.au Website : www.kbri-canberra.org.au

Japan Indonesian Embassy .5-2-9, Higashi Gotanda Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 1410022, Japan Phone : (81-03) - 344 14201,344 70596 Fax : (81-03) - 344 71 697 E-mail : atdag-jpn@depdag.go.id hbagis17@yahoo.com

South KoreaIndonesian Embassy. 55, Yoido-dong Young deoung po-ku Seoul South Korea. Phone : (0082-2) - 782 7750, 783 5371 Fax : (0082-2) - 780 4280, 783 7750 E-mail : atdag-kor@depdag.go.id stpsdt@hotmail.com

People’s Republic of China Indonesian Embassy . San Li Tun Diplomatic Office Building B, Beijing 100600, China Phone : (00861) 653 24748, 653 25400-3014 Fax : (00861) 653 25368 E-mail : atdag-chn@depdag.go.id indagbei@public3.bta.net.cn

Thailand Indonesian Embassy . 600 - 602 Petchburi Road Rajthevi PO BOX 1318 Bangkok 10400, Thailand Phone : (0066-2) - 2551264, 255 3135 ext.123 Fax : (0066-2) - 2551264, 2551267 E-mail : atdag-tha@depdag.go.id indagtha i@hotmail.com

Philippines Indonesian Embassy . 185, Salcedo Street. Legaspi Village, Makati City Metro Manila Philippines Phone : (632) - 892 5061-68, 894 4561 Fax : (632) - 892 5878, 867 4192 E-mail : atdag-phl@depdag.go.id perdag@info.com.ph

Malaysia Indonesian Embassy Jalan Tun Razak No.233 Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia Phone : (0060-03) - 214 52011 Or 21434835 ext. 308 Fax : (0060-30) - 214 7908, 214 48407 E-mail : atdag-mys@depdag.go.id indagkl@ pd.jaring.my

India Indonesian Embassy. 50-A Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110021 India Phone : (0091-11)-61141000,6886763 Fax : (0091-11) - 688 5460, 687 4402 E-mail : atdag-ind@depdag.go.id indoemb@nda.vsnl.net.in

Saudi Arabia Indonesian Embassy Riyadh Diplomatic Quarter PO. Box 94343 Riyadh 11693 Saudi Arabia Phone : (0966-1) - 488 2800, 488 2131 ext.120 Fax : (0966-1) - 488 2966 E-mail : atdag-sau@depdag.go.id atdagruhsa@awalnet.net.sa Egypt Indonesian Embassy. 3, Aisha EL Taimoira St. Garden City PO BOX 1661 Cairo 1661, Republic of Egypt Phone : (20-2) - 794 4698,794 7200-9 Fax : (20-2) - 796 2495 E-maii : atdag-egy@depdag.go.id hardaw j ndag@access.com.eg

Austria Indonesian Embassy Gustav Tschermak Gasse 5-7 Wina A-1180 Austria Phone : (431) - 476 2341 Fax : (431) - 479 0557 E-mail : atdag-aut@depdag.go.id

United Kingdom Indonesian Embassy 38 Grosvenor Square. London W1 k 2HW United Kingdom Phone : 44-20) - 772 909613, 749 97881 Fax : (44-20) - 7945 7022 E-mail : atdag-gbr@depdag.go.id atperdaglondon@aol.com

JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Main Building - 4th Floor Jakarta 10110 INDONESIA Phone. [62-21] 385 8171 (hunting) Fax. [62-21] 235 28691 E-mail. mendag@depdag.go.id

Secretary General JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Main Building I, 7th Floor Jakarta Pusat Phone. (62-21) - 23522040 ext. 32040Fax. (62-21) - 23522050 sesjen@depda9•90.id

Inspectorate General JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 10th Floor Jakarta Pusat (62-21) - 384 8662, 3841961 Ext.1226 (62-21) - 384 8662 irjen@depdag.go.id

Directorate General of Domestic Trade M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 6th Floor Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 23524120, 2352 8620Fax (62-21) 23524130 E-mail. dirJen-pdn@depdag.go.id

Directorate General of Foreign Trade JI. M.I. Ridwan Rals No. 5 Main Buildin, 9th Floor Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 23525160 Fax (62-21) 23525170 E-mail djdaglu@depdag.go.id

Directorate General of International Trade Cooperation JI. M.I. Rldwan Rais No. 5 Main Building, 8th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 23526200, 23528600 Fax (62-21) 23526210 E-mail. djkpi@depdag.go.id

National Agency for Export Development JI. M.I. Rldwan Rais No. 5 Main Building, 4th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 23527240 Fax (62-21) 23527250 E-mail. kabpen@depdag.go.id

Commodity Future Trading Regulatory Agency (COFTRA) Gedung Bumi Daya Plaza 4th Floor JI. Imam Bonjol No. 61 Jakarta 10310 -INDONESIA Phone (62-21) 315 6315 Fax (62-21) 315 6135 E-mail. kabappebti@depdag.go.id Website www.bappebti.go.ld

Trade Research and Development Agency (TREDA) JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No. 5 Main Building 4th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA Phone (62-21)3858171 (hunting)Facx (62-21) 23528691 E-mail kabalitbang@depdag.go.id

57Indonesian Silver

Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC)

Indonesian Economic and Trade Office

Taiwan (a province of China) Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei 6F,

NO.550, Rui Guang Road, Nelhu District (Twin Head Building) Taipei 114 Taiwan

Phone : (886-2) - 875 26170 Fax : (886-2) - 874 23706

E-mail : tukdei-twn@depdag.go.id

For your complete reference on the Republic of Indonesia representative offices world-wide, please kindly access:

www.deplu.go.id

Netherlands Indonesian Embassy . 8, Tobias Asserlaan 2517 KC The Hague, The Netherlands Phone : (31) - 703108115 Fax : (31) -7036 43331 E-mail : atdag-nld@depdag.go.id atperdag@indonesia.nl

Germany Lehter Strasse 16-17 0-10557 Berlin 53175 Germany Phone : (49-30) - 478 0700 Fax : (49-30) - 478 07209 E-mail : atdag-deu@depdag.go.id budseto@yahoo.com

Belgium Indonesian Mission to The European Communities Boulevard de la Woluwe 38 Brussels B-1200, Belgium Phone : (322) - 779 0915 Fax : (322) - 772 8190 E-maii: atdag-bxl@depdag.go.id atperi ndagbxl@chello.be

Italy Indonesian Embassy Via Nomentana, 55 00161 Rome Italy Phone : (0139-6) - 420 0911, 420 09168 Facsimiie : (0129-6) - 488 0280, 420 10428 E-mail: atdag-ita@depdag.go.id lovenatassa@yahoo.com

Spain Indonesian Embassy 65, Calle de Agastia Madrid 28043 Spain Phone : (34-91) - 413 0294 Fax : (34-91) - 415 7792 E-mail : atdag-esp@depdag.go.id atperdag@lander.es

Russia Indonesia Embassy . Commercial Attache Office Korovy val7 Ent 3, FI. 8 Apt 76 Moscow 117049, Republic Russia Phone : (7-095) - 238 5281, 238 3014 Fax : (7-095) - 238 5281 E-mail : atdag-rus@depdag.go.id atdag@online.ru

United Arab Emirates Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Flat NoA03, ArbitTower, 4th Floor, Baniyas Street, Deira P.O. Box 41664 Dubai U.A.E Phone : (971 4) - 422 78544 Fax : (971 4) - 422 78545

Denmark Oerehoej Aile 1, 2900 Hellerup Copenhagen, Denmark Phone : (45-39) - 624 422, 624 883 (D) Fax : (45-39) - 624 483 E-mail : atdag-dnk@depdag.go.id atperindag-de@mail.dk

Canada Indonesian Embassy 55 Parkdale Avenue Ottawa Ontario KIY 1 ES Canada Phone : (613) -7241100 Fax : (613) - 724 7932 E-mail : atdag-can@depdag.go.id budh i@indonesia_ottawa.org Website : www.indonesia_ottawa.org

France Indonesian Embassy 47-49 Rue Cortambert Paris 75116 France Phone : (33-1) - 450 302760, 450 44872 Fax : (33-1) - 450 45032 E-mail : atdag-fra@depdag.go.id serdagparis@magic.fr

Switzerland Indonesian Mission to The United Nations and Other International Organizations 16, Rue de Saint Jean Geneva 1203 Switzerland Phone : (0041-22) - 339 7010 Fax : (0041-22) - 339 7025 E-mail : atdag-che@depdag.go.id a Ifons_ptri@hotmail.com alfons-sa mosir@ties.itu.int

Singapore 7 Chatsworth Road Singapore 249761 Phone : (65) - 6737 5420, 683 95458 Fax : (65) - 6737 5037, 6735 2027 E-mail : atdag-sgp@depdag.go.id depperindag@paclfic.net.sg

Hong Kong Consulate General 127-129 Leighton Road Causeway Bay Hong Kong Phone : (852) - 289 02481, 289 04421 Fax : (852) - 289 50139 E-mail : kondag-hkg@depdag.go.id indaghk@hk.linkage.net hmunandar@hotmail.com

United States of America 2020 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Washington DC ca 20036 United States of America Phone : (202) - 775 5350, 775 5200 ext. 350 Fax : (202) - 775 5354, 775 5365 E-mail : atdag-usa@depdag.go.id

OsakaITM 4-J-8, Asia and Pacific Trade Center2-1-10 Nanko Kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-0034, JapanTelp. (081-6) 66155350Fax. (081-6) 66155351Website: www.itpc.or.jp

DubaiArbift Tower 4 Floor # 403, Baniyas street DeiraPO.Box 41664, Dubai - UAETelp. (971-4) 2278544Fax. (971-4) 2278545Hp. 971502088423, 97142215670 (Husin)E-mail: itpcdxb@emirates.net.ae, hbagis17@yahoo.comWebsite: www.itpcdxb.ae

Los Angeles3457, Wilshire Blvd, Suite 101 Los Angeles, Ca 90010, USATelp. (213) 3877041Fax. (213) 3877047Hp. 21353633218E-mail: itpcla@sbcglobal.net, dody_edward@yahoo.comWebsite www.itpcla.org

BudapestBajcsy Zslinszky ut 12, 2nd floor No. 205Budapest 1051 - Hungary Telp. (36-1) 3176382

Fax. (36-1) 2660572E-mail: inatrade@itpc-bud.huWebsite www.indonesia.hu/itpc

JohannesburgSuite 02/E4, 2ND Floor, Village Walk, SandtonPo Box 2146, RSA Johannesburg X9916 South AfricaTelp. (27-11) 8846240Fax. (27-11) 8846242E-mail: alidepdag@yahoo.com

Sao PaoloEdificio Park LaneAlameda Santos 1787 Conj III - 11 AndarCerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, Brazil 01419-002Telp. (55-11) 32630472, 35411413Fax. (55-11) 32538126Hp. 551184730986E-mail: itpcsp@itpcsp.org, adisaopaulo@yahoo.com

Sydney60, Pitt Street Level 2nd, Sydney 2000, AustraliaTelp. (61-2) 92528783Fax. (61-2) 92528784Hp. 61447439900 (Fetna)E-mail: itpc-sydney@depdag.go.id fetnayeti@yahoo.com

MilanVia Vittor Pisani, 8, 20124 Milano (MI), ItalyTelp. (39-02) 36598182Fax. (39-02) 36598191E-mail: mudo@itpc-milan.com, mudo_young@yahoo.com

HamburgMulti Buro Service, Glokengisserwall 17 20095Hamburg - GermanyTelp. (49-40) 33313-333Fax. (49-40) 33313-377E-mail: inatrade@itpc-hh.com, posman_fh@yahoo.com

58Indonesian Silver

59Indonesian Silver

60Indonesian Silver

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