INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL SEASONAL...Endang Sriyati Amalia Setiasari,A.Md Editorial Office: Ofan Bosman, S.Pi Published by: Agencyfor MarineandFisheries Research andDevelopment

INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL

Volume 22 Number 1 June 2016Acreditation Number: 704/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/10/2015

(Period: October 2015-October 2018)

Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal is the English version of fisheries research journal.The first edition was published in 1994 with once a year in 1994. Since 2005, this journal

has been published twice a year on JUNE and DECEMBER.

Editor in Chief:Prof. Dr. Ir. Ngurah Nyoman Wiadnyana, DEA (Fisheries Ecology-Center for Fisheries Research and

Development)

Associate Editor:Dr. Wijopriono (Fisheries Hidro Acoustic-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

Editorial Board:Prof. Dr. Ir. Hari Eko Irianto (Fisheries Technology-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Gadis Sri Haryani (Limnology-Limnology Reseach Center)Prof. Dr. Ir. Husnah, M. Phil (Toxicology-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

Prof. Dr. Ir. M.F. Rahardjo, DEA (Fisheries Ecology-Bogor Agricultural Institute)

Peer-Reviewers for this Number:Dr. Priyanto Rahardjo, M.Sc (Estimation of stock-Fisheries High School)

Prof. Dr. H. Cecep Kusuma, M.S. (Ecology and Mangrove Silviculture-Bogor Agricultural Institute)Prof. Dr. Ir. Wudianto, M.Sc (Fishing Technology-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

Ir. Badrudin, M.Sc. (Demersal Fisheries Biology-Institute for Marine Fisheries)Ir. Duto Nugroho, M.Si (Resources and Environment-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

Dr. Ir. Rudhy Gustiano, M.Sc (Genetic Fisheries-Institute for Freshwater Research and Development)

Language Editor:Dr. Lilis Sadiyah (Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

Assistant Editor:Dra. Endang Sriyati

Amalia Setiasari, A.Md

Editorial Office:Ofan Bosman, S.Pi

Published by:Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Development

Manuscript send to the publisher:Indonesian Fisheries Research JournalCenter for Fisheries Research and DevelopmentGedung Balitbang KP II, Jl. Pasir Putih II Ancol Timur Jakarta 14430 IndonesiaPhone: (021) 64700928, Fax: (021) 64700929Website : http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ifrj/., Email: [email protected].

Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal is printed by Center for Fisheries Research and Development Budgeting

F.Y. 2016.

p-ISSN 0853–8980e-ISSN 2502–6569

Sheet Bebestari

PEER-REVIEWERS OFINDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL

1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Wudianto, M.Sc. (Fishing Technology-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

2. Dr. Purwito Martosubroto (The National Commission on Fish Stock Assessment)

3. Dr. Imam Musthofa Zainudin (Marine Biologist-World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF), Indonesia

4. Prof. Dr. Ir. MS., Cecep Kusmana, M.S. (Ecology and mangrove silviculture-Bogor Agricultural Intitute)

5. Dr. Tonny Wagey (Fisheries Oceanography-The University of British Columbia), Canada

6. Dr. Régis Hocdé (Mathematics-Institute of Research for Development), France

7. Dr. Laurent Pouyaud (Marine Biologist-Institute of Research for Development), France

8. Dr. Campbell Davies, Australia

9. Prof. Colin Simpfendorfer (Fisheries-Biologist-Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquac-ulture & James Cook University), Australia

10. Dr. Shinsuke Morioka, Japan

11. Prof. Neil Loneragan (Fisheries Biologist-Murdoch University), Australia

12. Dr. M.Si., Ir. Ario Damar (Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University)

13. Prof. Dr. Ir. Setyo Budi Susilo, M.Sc. (Bogor Agricultural Institute)

14. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ari Purbayanto, M.Sc. (Bogor Agricultural Institute)

15. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sonny Koeshendrajana, M. Sc. (Resources Economics-Research Centre for Marine andFisheries Socio-Economics), Indonesia

16. Prof. Dr. Sam Wouthuyzen (Oceanography LIPI)

17. Prof. Dr. Ir. Endi Setiadi Kartamihardja, M.Sc. (Institute for Fisheries Enhancement and Conservation)

18. Dr. Ir. Augy Syahailatua (Research Center for Oceanography-The Indonesian Institute of Sciences)

19. Dr. Sudarto (Research Center and Development Aquaculture)

20. Dr. Priyanto Rahardjo, M.Sc. (Estimation of stock-Fisheries High School)

21. Dr. Estu Nugroho (Research Center and DevelopmentAquaculture)

22. Ir. Duto Nugroho, M.Si. (Resources and Environment-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

23. Dr. Ir. Rudhy Gustiano, M.Sc. (Genetic Fisheries-Institute for Freshwater Research and Development)

24. Ir. Badrudin, M.Sc. (Demersal Fisheries Biology-Institute for Marine Fisheries)

25. Dr. Ir. Mochammad Riyanto, M.Si. (Fishing Technology-Bogor Agricultural Institute)

26. Dr. Ir. Abdul Ghofar, M. Sc. (Fish Stock Assessment Resource-UNDIP)

i

Sheet Bebestari

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FORPEER-REVIEWERS

Editor of Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ) would like to thank for Peer-Reviewers who haveparticipated in the review paper published in the scientific journal's, so that this journal can be published in atimely manner. Peer-Reviewers who participated in the publication Volume 22 Number 1 June, 2016 are:

1. Dr. Priyanto Rahardjo, M.Sc. (Estimation of stock-Fisheries High School)

2. Prof. Dr. H. Cecep Kusuma, M.S. (Ecology and mangrove silviculture-Bogor Agricultural Intitute)

3. Prof. Dr. Ir. Wudianto, M.Sc. (Fishing Technology-Center for Fisheries Research and Development)

4. Ir. Badrudin, M.Sc. (Demersal Fisheries Biology-Institute for Marine Fisheries)

5. Ir. Duto Nugroho, M.Si. (Resources and Environment-Center for Fisheries Research and Develop-ment)

6. Dr. Ir. Rudhy Gustiano, M.Sc. (Genetic Fisheries-Institute for Freshwater Research and Develop-ment)

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iii

PREFACE

Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ) in 2016 entered the Volume 22. The process of publishingthis journal is funded by Center for Fisheries Research and Development of the fiscal year 2016.All submissionsshould be published through the process of evaluation by the Editorial Board, Peer-Reviewers and editing byEditorial Office.

Management of Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ) in 2016 began referring to the Open JournalSystems (OJS). In terms of appearance there was a little change, namely:1. Inclusion of p-ISSN and e-ISSN in the upper right corner on the face skin page, title page and table of

contents page of issue, without colons2. Inclusion of numbered lists or ISSN barcode in the lower right corner on the back cover3. Special Sheets for Peer-Reviewers4. Sheet gratitude for Peer-Reviewers involved in the review of each number5. Each title sheet no additional information on the website, email address and information about the IFRJ,

as well as the logo and the cover on the left and right. This change information is displayed on eachforeword for 2 (two) publications.

First published in Volume 22 Number 1 2016 presented seven fisheries research articles. Those sevenarticles are: Growth Comparison of Mahseer (Tor tambroides) From Manna and Tarusan River in WesternSumatera River, Small Pelagic Fishery Status in Makassar Strait Based in the Northern Java; Role of SubSurface Temperature, Salinity and Chlorophyll to Albacore Tuna Abundance in Indian Ocean; Biology andCPUE Spatial Distribution of Escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) in Eastern Indian Ocean(Evolving Fisheries: Today’s By-catch is Tomorrow’s Target Catch); The Effect of Depth of Hooks, Set andSoak Time to The Catch per Unit Effort Tuna in The Eastern Indian Ocean; Mangrove of Berau: EcologicalCondition, Fisheries and Management Options; Current Status of The Pole-And-Line Fishery in Eastern Partof Indonesia; The Seasonal Variability of CPUE and Catch-At-Size Distribution of Troll and Handline TunaFisheries Landed in Labuhan Lombok.

Those scientific papers are expected to contribute to policy makers and managers of fisheries resourcesin Indonesia. Editor would deliver sincere thanks to reseachers from the Center for Fisheries Research andDevelopment and outside for their active participation in this edition.

Editor in Chief

INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNALVolume 22 Number 1 June 2016

CONTENS

Page

i

ii

iii

iv

v-vii

1-8

9-16

17-26

27-36

37-42

43-52

53-60

iv

PEER-REVIEWER…………………………………………………………………………......................

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..………………………………………………………………………....................

PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………....................

CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................

Growth Comparison of Mahseer (Tor tambroides) From Manna and Tarusan River in Western SumateraRiverBy: Arif Wibowo and Mirna Dwirastina ....................……………………………………………………

Small Pelagic Fishery Status in Makassar Strait Based in the Northern JavaBy: Sri Turni Hartati, Setiya Triharyuni and Lilis Sadiyah ……………………………………………………

Role of Sub Surface Temperature, Salinity and Chlorophyll to Albacore Tuna Abundance in IndianOceanBy: Dian Novianto and Eko Susilo .................................………………………………………………

Biology and CPUE Spatial Distribution of Escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) inEastern Indian Ocean (Evolving Fisheries : Today’s By-catch is Tomorrow’s Target Catch)By: Fathur Rochman, Irwan Jatmiko and Arief Wujdi ………………………………….......................

Mangrove of Berau : Ecological Condition, Fisheries and Management OptionsBy: Ivana Yuniarti, Nirmalasari Idha Wijaya, Fajar Sumi Lestari, Fajar Setiawan and Sutrisno .......

Current Status of The Pole-And-Line Fishery in Eastern Part of IndonesiaBy: Agustinus Anung Widodo, Wudianto and Fayakun Satria .........................................………

The Seasonal Variability of CPUE and Catch-At-Size Distribution of Troll and Handline Tuna FisheriesLanded in Labuhan LombokBy: Bram Setyadji, Hety Hartaty and Siti Mardlijah .........................................................………

p-ISSN 0853–8980e-ISSN 2502–6569

INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNALVolume 22 Number 1 June 2016

ABSTRACT

v

GROWTH COMPARISON OF MAHSEER(Tor tambroides)FROM MANNA AND TARUSAN RIVERIN WESTERN SUMATERA RIVER

Arif WibowoIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 1-8

ABSTRACT

Mahseer is commonly used as a premiumconsumption fish with exceptional price, however, thesespecies have encountered dwindle in distribution andabudance. The objective of this study was to investigateand to compare aspects of the interspatial variability ofWestern Sumatra component growth of mahseerbetween Manna River and Tarusan River. Mahseersamples were collected from the Manna River, BengkuluProvince and Tarusan River, West Sumatra Province.Monthly sampling was carried out over a period ofFebruary to October 2012 in Manna River and February toJuly 2012 in Tarusan River for detailed growth study. Atotal of 295 mahseer samples were collected from fivesampling sites in Manna River and 495 mahseersamples were collected from three sampling sites inTarusan River. The results show the age group populationestimation of T. Tambroides from Manna River andTarusan River based on the analysis of length-frequencies using the Bhattacharya method, resulted intwo different age groups. The theoretical growth curve forlength from Manna River, the values are L = 50.45 cm, K= 1.90 yr-1, t0 = -0.07 yr-1 and = 3.684, and for weight,the values are W = 1395.49 gr, K = 0,71 yr-1, t0 = -0.078yr-1 and = 6.148. The parameters of the von Bertalanffygrowth curve in length from Tarusan River were L =31,34 cm, K = 1.70 yr-1, t0 = -0.09 yr-1 and = 3.21 andW = 634.86 gr, K = 0.48 yr-1, t0 = -0.147 yr-1 and =5.282 in weight. The length-weight relationship estimatedfor Manna River was W = 0.000007TL3.086 for females (R2

= 0.9545, N = 91) and W = 0.0037TL1.882 for males. Whilefor Tarusan River, length-weight relationship estimatedwas = 0.00003TL2.839. Mahseer from Manna Riverpopulation has better growth parameters than those atTarusan River.

Keywords: Growth; mahseer; Manna and Tarusan

River

SMALL PELAGIC FISHERY STATUS INMAKASSAR STRAIT BASED IN THENORTHERN JAVA

Sri Turni HartatiIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 9-16

ABSTRACT

The coastal of Makassar Strait is a fishing area tobecome a primary fishing destination for purse seinevessels from Java based in Pekalongan, Tegal, andJuwana. This paper presents the current condition ofsmall pelagic fishery in the Makassar Strait based ondata and information obtained from study in 2012 andreview of previous studies. During 2004-2011,overfishing has been occurring in the small pelagicfisheries in the Makassar Strait, indicated by a sharpdecreasing trend in the catch rate, from 30.83 tons/tripin 2004 to 12.27 tons/trip in 2011. The estimated MSY forsmall pelagic fish in the Makassar Strait is at the rangeof 34.705-37.930 tons with optimum efforts for 2.234-2.500 purse seine trips. Thus the level of purse seinefishing effort in 2011, i.e. 3.078 trips, was exceeding theoptimum effort. For management of the small pelagicfisheries in the waters of Makassar Strait, importantaction recommended is fishing effort restrictions.Theeffortallowed would be only in the range of 2.234-2.500 purse seinetrips, with control the fishing capacity.

Keywords: Purse seine fisheries; Makassar Strait;Northern Java

ROLE OF SUB SURFACETEMPERATURE, SALINITY ANDCHLOROPHYLL TO ALBACORE TUNAABUNDANCE IN INDIAN OCEAN

Dian NoviantoIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 17-26

ABSTRACT

The swimming layer is one of the important factorsto get maximum catches, especially on tuna longlineeffort. The vertical abundance of the albacore tuna wasinvestigated based on catch data and 3-DINDESOOcean Model data, such as sub-surface conditions ofsea water potential temperature (Temp), salinity (Sal)and mass concentration of diatoms and flagellatesexpressed as chlorophyll (Chl) in the Eastern IndianOcean period 2014-2015. Combining the statisticalmethod of generalized additive model (GAM) wasperformed to analysis in this study. There were seven

Abstract

vi

GAM models that generated with the number of ALBvertical abundance as a response variable, and Temp,Sal, and Chl as predictor variables. Sal has highlysignificant (P < 0.001) while Chl and Temp significant (P< 0.01) to ALB vertical abundance. Deduced from GAMs,indicated that a negative effect of Sal on the number ofALB was observed at salinity >34.52 psu. There was apositive effect of salinity on the number of ALB, whichwas from 34.30 to 34.47 psu and Chl showed a positiveeffect of this variable on the number of ALB caughtoccurred between 0.01 mg/m3 and 0.12 mg/m3 in theregion of high confidence level where negative effect on> 0.13 mg/m3. While ALB catches abundance varied inthe temperature range with the highest frequency at 24.0-24.9 °C. Sal was the most important environmental variable tothe number ofALB verticallycaught, followed byChl andTemp.

Keywords: Albacore tuna; abundance; subsurface;temperature; salinity; chlorophyll; IndianOcean

BIOLOGY AND CPUE SPATIALDISTRIBUTION OF ESCOLARLepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith,1843) IN EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN(EVOLVING FISHERIES: TODAY’S BY-CATCH IS TOMORROW’S TARGETCATCH)

Fathur RochmanIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 27-36

ABSTRACT

Discharge of by catch is a significant problem in worldfishery. Every commercial fishery such as tuna longlinehas a suite of bycatch species, escolar fish (LEC). LECas by catch product has received a little attentionbecause of its lower economic value and given itsimportance as a secondary market. With time, however,market can become establish for this presentlyundesirable species. Acknowledging that today’s bycatch might become tomorrow’s target fish. The aims ofthis study areto provide information on biological aspectand catch per unit of effort (CPUE) spatial distribution ofescolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) as by catch inIndonesian longline fishery operating in the EasternIndian Ocean. Total escolar samples of 1,815 were takenfrom scientific observer data from 2011-2013. The studyarea of escolar was between 0.897 - 33.175°S and85.366 – 138.733°E of Eastern Indian Ocean. Resultsshow that the escolar length (cmFL) is distributed from27-178 cmFL (median=83 cmFL, mode=85 cmFL,mean=83.95 cmFL and n= 1.812) and dominated by thesize of 85 cmFL. The length weight relationship wasdetermined to be W=0.0002FL2.2926(W in kg, FL in cm). Interms of CPUEs distribution, the lower CPUEs(1.0001 to 7.382) generally occurred in

Western Australian, precisely on grid between 10-35°Sand 85-110°E. These grids would be a potential forfishing LEC with the best time to catch in June to August.

Keywords: Tuna Longline; bycatch; escolar; CPUE;Indian Ocean

MANGROVE OF BERAU: ECOLOGICALCONDITION, FISHERIES, ANDMANAGEMENT OPTIONS

Ivana YuniartiIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 37-42

ABSTRACT

Mangrove area of Berau District, East KalimantanProvince is an important buffering zone for DerawanIslands. It also becomes a distinctive habitat forcommercial fisheries commodity. Land conversion intoshrimp ponds has threatened its sustainability. Thispaper summarizing its ecological condition, fisheries,and management options presents a guideline for thedecision makers about what strategies can be appliedin conserving the mangrove sustainability. Overall, theecological condition is proven to support sustainablefisheries practice; such as shrimp and crabsilvofisheries. Moreover, the calculation of firewoodeconomic value shows that a sustainable commercialfirewood production is another option that can beestablished to support local economic activities. Inaddition, a well managing ecotourism may beconsidered by local government considering its potentialfor local economic growth.

Keywords: Mangrove; fisheries; ecotourism;management; Berau

CURRENT STATUS OF THE POLE-AND-LINE FISHERY IN EASTERN PART OFINDONESIA

Agustinus Anung WidodoIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 43-52

ABSTRACT

The promotion of pole-and-line fishery for a selectivegear operating in the Indonesian tuna management areais considered as the proper policy in response to theincreasing market demand with tuna eco-labeled.Appropriate information in addressing the current statusof the pole-and-line fishery in Indonesia is an importantstep in order to support the promotion. Data used todescribe the fishery were obtained through scientific portsampling program in collaboration between RCFMC andWCPFC in 2010 to 2014 and also scientific observeronboard program collaboration RCFMC and CRAC Co.Ltd. in 2013. The results show that presently the numberof pole and line fleets was decreased significantly and

Abstract

vii

remain about 232 fleetsin Sorong, Bitung and Kendariand Larantuka. The national annual total catch of pole-and line during 1980 – 2013 was recorded between24,000 and 160,000 tons per year (average 98,117 tonsper year). This value is estimated to contribute about20% of Indonesia annual total catch of tuna in FMAs713-717. The pole-and-line catch rates based at Bitung,Kendari and Sorong were fluctuated in each year withthe range respective between 8.79 and 17.93 tons/trip/vessel, 4.78 and 5.36 ton/trip/vessel and about 7,99 tonton/trip/vessel. Pole-and-line fishery operated inIndonesian FMAs 713-717 is considered as selectivefishery, with > 80 % catches of skipjack in matured stage.The tuna-live bait fish ratio in Indonesian pole-and-linewas 4.41 :1, then an improvement of live bait ratio aswell as its management is required.

Keywords: Current status; pole and line; Indonesia

THE SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF CPUEAND CATCH-AT-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OFTROLL AND HANDLINE TUNAFISHERIES LANDED IN LABUHANLOMBOK

Bram SetyadjiIFRJ, Vol. 22 No.1, Page: 53-60

ABSTRACT

Troll and hand line tuna fisheries is one of the majorfishing gears landed in Labuhan Lombok coastal fishingport (PPP Labuhan Lombok) west Nusa Tenggara Baratprovince. Both fisheries are strongly associated withfish aggregating devices (FAD’s). The main fishingground is Indian Ocean southern part of this province.Several source of data has been collected regularly. Dataanalysis comprised of monthly catch and effort datasamples based on port monitoring program during 2012to 2015. The result showed the diclining of CPUE ofyellowfin and skipjack tuna presumably related to fishingintensity of fleets and its variability that landed in PPPLabuhan Lombok. The increasing CPUE of skipjacktuna in 2014 was predicted due to increasing aggregationaround the FADs. Constrasting seasonal fishing indexpattern between yellowfin and skipjack tuna found in 4-month cycles, started in January. A length-weightrelationship suggested that yellowfin tuna caught bysmall-scale fisheries were performing allometric growthpattern (b=2.963, r2=0.9737).

Keywords: Troll and handline fisheries; FADs; fishingseason; Labuhan Lombok

Abstract

53

Copyright © 2016, Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal (IFRJ)

THE SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF CPUE AND CATCH-AT-SIZEDISTRIBUTION OF TROLL AND HANDLINE TUNA FISHERIES LANDED

IN LABUHAN LOMBOK

Bram Setyadji1, Hety Hartaty1 and Siti Mardlijah21) Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries, Jl. Mertasari No. 140, Sidakarya, Denpasar Selatan, Denpasar, Bali – 80224

2) Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Jl. Muara Baru Ujung, Komp Pelabuhan Perikanan Nizam Zachman, Penjaringan,Jakarta Utara, Jakarta – 14440

Received; September 15-2015 Received in revised from June 03-2016; Accepted June 08-2016

ABSTRACT

Troll and hand line tuna fisheries is one of the major fishing gears landed in Labuhan Lombokcoastal fishing port (PPP Labuhan Lombok) west Nusa Tenggara Barat province. Both fisheries arestrongly associated with fish aggregating devices (FAD’s). The main fishing ground is Indian Oceansouthern part of this province. Several source of data has been collected regularly. Data analysiscomprised of monthly catch and effort data samples based on port monitoring program during 2012to 2015. The result showed the diclining of CPUE of yellowfin and skipjack tuna presumably related tofishing intensity of fleets and its variability that landed in PPP Labuhan Lombok. The increasingCPUE of skipjack tuna in 2014 was predicted due to increasing aggregation around the FADs.Constrasting seasonal fishing index pattern between yellowfin and skipjack tuna found in 4-monthcycles, started in January. A length-weight relationship suggested that yellowfin tuna caught by small-scale fisheries were performing allometric growth pattern (b=2.963, r2=0.9737).

Keywords: Troll and handline fisheries; FADs; fishing season; Labuhan Lombok

The Seasonal Variability of CPUE ....… Tuna Fisheries Landen in Labuhan Lombok (Setyadji, B., et al.)

INTRODUCTION

Approximately 35 million people worldwide areinvolved in fishing and fish processing and 80% ofthose are associated with small-scale fisheries (SSF)(Béné, 2006). The number of coastal communitiesincreased to almost 200 millions when family unit isadded as estimation variable (McGoodwin, 2001).Indonesia known as the second longest coastline afterCanada and about 80% of fishing activities areconsidered as small-scale fisheries (Mous et al., 2005)with various type of fishing gears (from traditional tomodern technology) were applied to exploit the fishresources (Sumiono, 1997).

As compensation of the limited capacity of theirfleets and local knowledge on predicting fishdistribution, most of small-scale fisheries rely on theuse of Fish Aggregating Device (FADs). Thisaggregating device historically has been used ineastern Indonesian since in 1980s (Nasution et al.,1986). Nevertheless, other information described thatartisanal fishers in the SoutheastAsia and the westernand central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) have been using

FADs for hundreds to thousands of years (Kakuma2000). Monintja & Mathews (1999) mentioned thatpole and line fishing on tuna aggregation around FADsincreased catch ability by more than 40% comparedto free swimming tuna. Despite of it advantages itshould be considered that uncontrollable investmenton new FADs could be an obstacle for recruitmentoverfishing, altering migration paths, growth andpredation rates for pelagic species (Taquet et al., 2000;Marsac et al., 2000; Davies et al., 2014).

Nusa Tenggara Barat is one of the examples forexisting small-scale deep sea hand line tuna fisheriesin Indonesia. The estimate total volume of largepelagic fishes landed from small-scale tuna fisheriescontributed up to 27,573 tons in 2014 and the fisheriescan lead to estimated production value up to IDR444,272,623 (DGCF, 2015). This value contributed asignificant amount of earning to the society to supporttheir livelihood.

Several in-house research of small-scale tunafisheries in coastal and EEZ of Indian ocean south ofJava have been conducted i.e. Nurdin et al. (2012)

Available online at: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ifrj

e-mail:[email protected]

INDONESIANFISHERIESRESEARCHJOURNALVolume 22 Nomor 1 June 2016

p-ISSN: 0853-8980

e-ISSN: 2502-6569Accreditation Number: 704/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/10/2015

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Ind.Fish.Res.J. Vol.22 No.1 June 2016 :

which focused on tuna hand line fisheries in Prigi,East Jawa, Faizah & Aisyah (2011) in Sendang Biru,Jawa Timur, Nurdin et al. (2015) in Palabuhanratu,Jawa Barat and Sulistyaningsih et al. (2011) inKedonganan Bali. Nurdin et al. (2012) described indetails of fisheries aspects of small-scale tuna in Prigi,Trenggalek, East Java, while Muhammad & Barata(2012) reported the size structure of hand line catcharound fish aggregating device (FADs) in south of Baliand Lombok. Nevertheless, the previous studies weremostly deal with biological parameters, while thefisheries aspect such as seasonal variability andcatch per unit of effort (CPUE) are still not welldiscussed yet. The only publication related to thissubject was from Nurdin et al. (2015) in PalabuhanRatu. The objectives of this study are to provide detailinformation on fisheries aspects such as CPUE,seasonality and catch-at-size distribution from small-scale fisheries mainly caught using troll and hand linegear. The expected output of this research could beconsidered as an input in management measures ofsmall-scale tuna fisheries in the area.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area

Labuhan Lombok Fish Landing Center LabuhanLombok was selected due to the largest tuna landingsite in West Nusa Tenggara Province andgeographically located between two straits (Lombokstrait on the west and Alas strait on the east) whichpresumablyas an appropriate location regarding FAD’splacement (Figure 1). This landing center hasorganized fisheries database over the years andbecome pilot project from NGOs (Non-GovernmentOrganization) and Universities for sustainable small-scale fisheries program. Previous study showed thatthe type of gears used are troll line and hand line(more than 80%) with deep FADs as the main fishattractor (Setyadji & Nugraha, 2015). It alsounderstood that the composition of the fishers ismostly came from Sulawesi Selatan, i.e. Mandar,Sinjai, Polewali, Bone and Majene.

Figure 1. Study area and known FADs from small-scale tuna fisheries based in PPP. Labuhan Lombok(remarks: actual number FADs might be higher).

Data Source

The Main source of data used for analysis derivedfrom daily landing activity at fish auction center (TPI)in Labuhan Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Samplingwas collected regularly during period of May 2012 toDecember 2014. The biological data consisted of forklength (cm), weight (kg) for each species. Secondary

data was retrieved from SL3 provided by the localauthority from 2007-2014. This serial fisheries datawas analyzed in order to describe the variability ofcatch and effort data from previous years for CPUEestimation and its seasonality analysis. Catch-at-sizedata was obtained from port landing monitoringprogram conducted since May 2012, under managedby Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries.

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One should be considered that this paper did notsegregate the catch between troll line and hand linesince both gears were used simultaneously duringthe fishing activity targeting the same species. Theanalysis covered within Fisheries Management Area(FMA) 573 that focused in Indian Ocean south of Java,Bali and Nusa Tenggara. Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonuspelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) wereused as a baseline data since both are become themain target for all FAD’s associated fisheries in IndianOcean.

Data Analysis

Analysis on seasonal variability of yellowfin andskipjack tuna was performed using average percentagemethod (Spiegel, 1961). Noting that juvenile yellowfinand bigeye were difficult to identify and always lumpedtogether, it was not included in the analysis thus onlylarge yellowfin tuna (identifiable) which take intoaccount. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) was the mainvariable on this calculation. It was extracted fromwarrant of seaworthy form (SL3), provided by localfisheries authority from 2009-2014 (5 years). Steps offishing season indices analysis are presented below:

1. Calculation of monthly CPUE ( ) and average ofmonthly CPUE in a year ( ).

............................................ (1)

where,: Average of monthly CPUE in a year (kg/trip)

Ui: Monthly CPUE (kg/trip)

m : Number of months in a year (12)

2. Calculation of Upwhich is the ratio of U

itowards U

(in percent):

........................................(2)

3. Calculation of fishing season indices (FS)

.......................................... (3)

where,FS

i: The indices at particular season (i)

y : Number of year calculated4. If the sum of FS

iin a year doesn’t equal 1,200%,

adjustment should be made with the followingformula:

.......................... (4)

where,AFS

i: Adjusted fishing season indices

5. If there is any extreme value of Up, it would not

include on the calculation of FS, instead themedian value (Md) of the FS would be used. If thetotal sum of the median value doesn’t equal with1,200%, another adjustment should be made asfollow:

...................... (5)

where,AMFS

i: Adjusted median fishing season indices

6. Hypothetically, high fishing season is when indexFS > 100 (above average); low fishing season iswhen FS < 1 (below average); and if index FS=100it means the season reach its equilibrium.

Individual dressed weight (DW) was recorded tothe nearest kilogram for yellowfin tuna, as for skipjacktuna, no weight data recorded due to the unloadingspeed in the port. Weight and length were fitted bynon-linear regression (power function) using DW asthe dependent variable, where DW= FLb (á and b areparameters). To test b=3 or b 3 we used Student’st-test under the R stats package 2.3.2, testing thehypothesis H

0: =3 (isometric) dan H

1: 3

(alometric). The t-statistic was calculated as t=(b-3)/S

b, where S

b=standard error of ‘b’; S

b=Ö(1/(n-2))*[(S

y/

Sx)2-b2]. S

yand S

xare the standard deviations of y and

x respectively. The significance of t-value wascalculated at 1% and 5% level of significance with (n-2) degrees of freedom (Sawant et al. 2013).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Annual Trend of CPUE

A nominal CPUE of yellowfin tuna reached itsmaximum on 2010 with 96,799 kg/trip then graduallydecreasing during the following years after. Thenominal CPUE for skipjack has similar trend with theyellowfin tuna, reached its first peak on 2011 with81,930 then decreased into its lowest on 2013 with53,579 kg/trip. But the lowest catch was followed bya drastic increased of nominal CPUE at 94,172 kg/trip in 2014 (Figure 2).Size-at-catch distribution

m

i

iUm

U1

1

%100xU

UU

i

p

y

i

pi Uy

FS1

1

ii FSXFSi

AFSy

i

1200

1

i

i

i MdMd

AMFSy

i

X1200

1


56



Figure 2. Development of average nominal annual CPUE of yellowfin (YFT) and skipjack (SKJ) landed in PPPLabuhan Lombok from 2009-2014

Total catch-at-size data measured from port landingmonitoring program during May 2012 until December2015 was 3,990 individuals for yellowfin tuna and11,902 individuals for skipjack tuna. The smallest sizefor yellowfin tuna was 51 cm and the largest was 174cm. Larger size were mostly found during May to July,while smaller individuals appeared during Decemberto January. The high proportion (>95%) of yellowfintuna caught was above the Lm

50threshold or equal to

100 cm (IOTC, 2014) which mean most of the yellowfincaught byhandline were mature and/or at least alreadyspawned.As for skipjack tuna caught during the sameperiod showed that the average size was in betweenthe Lm

50threshold, 41-43 (IOTC, 2014). The smallest

size for skipjack recorded on the dataset was 14 cmthat usually found on May to June and the largestwas 82 cm. Large size (above the threshold) areusually found on November to January (Figure 3).

Seasonal Fishing Index (SFI)

53-60

57


Figure 3. Mean fork length distribution of yellowfin (YFT) and skipjack tuna (SKJ) landed in PPP LabuhanLombok from 2012-2015 (Remark: Zero catch per month was not included).

The pattern of the adjusted fishing season indicesfor yellowfin and skipjack tuna was interesting. Itperformed opposite interaction, the fishing season foryellowfin tuna started in April and reached its peakseason on June, gradually decreased afterward andstarted to appear again in small amount in October toDecember. Skipjack tuna were found throughout the

year, but the fishing season started in January, reachedthe first peak in February then decreased until itslowest season in June. The main fishing season forthis species occurred in September when the numberof yellowfin tuna were at the second lowest of theseason after February (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Adjusted fishing season indices of yellowfin (YFT) and skipjack tuna (SKJ) landed in PPP. LabuhanLombok from 2008 to 2014.

Length-weight relationship for skipjack tuna wasnot included into the analysis because no weight dataavailable. Growth pattern of yellowfin tuna, as shownby b value ranged from 2.826-2.993. Non-linear modelanalysis showed that samples taken in 2013 (1,221individuals) resulted in allometric growth while the next

two following years (n=687, n=507) were isometriceven though the b value looked not significantlydifference (Table 1). Overall the length-weight modelshown negative allometric growth pattern (b=2.963,R2=0.973, t-stat>t-table; 3.57>1.86).


58



Table 1. Parameters of length-weight relationship of yellowfin tuna landed in PPP. Labuhan Lombok from2013-2015.

No Year n FL Range (cm) Intercept (a) Slope (b) R² Growth Type

1 2013 1,221 51 – 174 0.00005 2.826 0.929 Allometric

2 2014 687 81 – 165 0.00002 2.993 0.973 Isometric

3 2015 507 77 – 162 0.00002 2.993 0.976 Isometric

Figure 5. Length-weight relationship model for yellowfin tuna landed in PPP. Labuhan Lombok from 2013-2015.

Discussion

The nominal CPUE would explain very usefulinformation on the condition of stock. In this research,CPUE of yellowfin tuna showed a negative trendespeciallyafter 2010. Intense catch from all over IndianOcean region especially by purse seiners wasprobably become the main cause of the decline sincethey targeting mostly of schooling of undersize tunaaround FAD/DFAD (IOTC, 2014; Fonteneau et al.,2015). Since the yellow fin tuna belong to migratoryspecies (UNCLOS, 1982) and the ecologicalconnectivity of this species were under RFMO – IOTC,several related informations indicated that the averagecatch of yellowfin tuna in Eastern Indian Ocean rangedfrom 2010-2014 was 373,824 tons per year, while in2014 the annual catch was 430,327 tons, which wasabove the proposed MSY (421,000 ton), this led tothe conclusion that yellowfin tuna stock is determinedto be overfished and subject to overfishing (IOTC,2014). The following recommended action by IOTCwas to reduce the catch by 20% from the current(2014) levels, in order to sustain the stock. Theproposed action considered difficult to apply for someof the coastal country with mostly operating in small-scale area that strongly related to FAD. The decliningtrend of CPUE was affected skipjack, but in 2014 highcatches were statistically recorded, almost double tothe previous year. the high catches in 2014, should

be taken with precautious approach due to possibleincreasing aggregation around the FADs instead ofnew recruitment.

Plotting catch-at-size data showed a strongseasonal linkage between large yellowfin and skipjacktuna. When large yellowfin occurred between May toJuly it followed by smaller group of skipjack tuna,adversely when smaller yellowfin appeared betweenNovember to January, bigger size of skipjack wasfound. This probablydue to their feeding behavior, whilejuvenile tuna (

59


index interaction between large yellowfin and skipjacktuna was influenced by the present of FADs. Basedon variability of monthly catch data, it could bepredicted that the increasing abundance of largeyellowfin tuna begin to exist in surrounding FADs onApril, when the weather is suitable, and skipjack tunafinds this gap (January-April) as an opportunity toaggregate around FADs, this resulted in high catch ofskipjack during low season of yellowfin tuna. As theskipjack stock tend to decline, the FADs wasaggregated by yellowfin tuna. This shifting strategyon its abundance occurred during 4-month cycles.

The b-value of growth derived from length-weightnon-linear regression ideally it range from 2.5-3.5(Pauly, 1984). In this study, the b-value was 2.963showing a negative allometric growth pattern. Aprevious study conducted by Jatmiko et al. (2014)using samples from longline fisheries gave slightlyhigher b-value (3.029) but resulted as isometric growthpattern. This result showed that yellowfin tuna caughtfrom small-scale fisheries were seemingly to beslimmer compared to industrial using longline gear.The length-weight relationship is essential part infisheries science and quite practical in term ofdefining: 1) the biomass estimation from length data;2) explaining the condition factor of fish; 3) andcomparing between life cycle differences and fishmorphology on the same species with different area(Pauly, 1993; Petrakis & Stergiou, 1995).

CONCLUSION

IntensefishingpracticearoundFADsresultedindecliningof tunacatchover theyearsandtherewasstrongseasonallinkage between yellowfin and skipjack tuna with majorityof yellowfin tunacaught wereslenderandslimmer.

Fishingseason forskipjack occurredduringFebruary-March and August-October while yellowfin occurredduring May-July, showing contrasting cycle pattern.

Most of yellowfin tuna landed by handline were atlarger size of its predicted length at first maturity >100 cm and this was indicated that deeper watercolumn around FADs contain suitable and healthierstock of yellowfin tuna.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This paper is authors’ part contribution to researchon assessment of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis)fishing ground in the Indian Ocean south of Java, Bali,and Nusa Tenggara in 2012 and Research Institutefor Tuna Fisheries port monitoring program 2013-2015.The Authors also would like to thank to WASKI,

Labuhan Lombok Coastal Fishing Port andHarbormaster for their hospitality during the researchand Rachmat Wijaya as enumerators for providing thedata throughout the years.

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INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL SEASONAL...Endang Sriyati Amalia Setiasari,A.Md Editorial Office: Ofan Bosman, S.Pi Published by: Agencyfor MarineandFisheries Research andDevelopment